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    © All Rights Reserved
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    8 views4 pages

    ASME Journal2000 (424-427)

    Uploaded by

    Anonymous UoHUag
    ASMe journal

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    141 Torsion of a Viscoelastic Cylinder — RC. Batra Fellow ASME, JA. Yu Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, MIC 0219, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061 Finite torsional deformations of an incompressible viscoelastic circular cylinder are studied with its material modeled by tw» consttuive relations. One ofthese i a linear relation between the determinate part of the second Piola Kirchhoff stress tensor anu! the time history of the Greew-St. Venant strain tensor, and the ‘other @ near relation bepween the deviatoric Cauchy stress ten sor and the left Cauchy-Green tensor, its inverse, and the tine history ofthe relative Green-St. Venant strain tensor. It is shown ‘thatthe response predicted by the later consiarve relation isin Detter agreement with the test data, and this constitutive relation is used to compute energy dissipated during torsional oscillations ofthe cylinder (S0021-8936(00}00802-X] Batra and Yu [1] recently studied the suess relaxation in an isotopic, incompressible, and homogeneous viscoelastic body de formed citer infinite simple shear or finite simple extension. The ‘material response was modeled by two constitutive relations, one Tinea in the history ofthe Green-St. Venant strain tensor B (ee see Christensen [2)) and the other finear in the history of the relative Green-St. Venant strain tensor E, (e.g, see Bernstein, Kearsley, and Zapas [3] and Fosick and Yu [4]. For each one of | the two deformations studied, the former constitutive relation pre dicted that the tangent modulus (i.e. the slope ofthe stress-strain {eurve) isan increasing Function of the strain but according tothe latter constitutive relation, the tangent modulus is a noninereasing Tunetion of the strain which agrees with the behavior observed experimentally for most materials (e.g. see Bell [5)). similar result had been obtained by Baira [6] for two linear constitutive relations in isotopic finite elasticity, We note tht both simple shearing and simple extension are homogeneous deformations snd fare universal in the sense that they can be produced by surface tractions alone in every elastic or viscoelastic body, Batra (7] has recently compared the response predicted by four linear constitu: tive relations for finite shearing, finite extension, biaxial loading, and triaxial loading of an isotopic elastic body. Here we study’ finite torsional deformations of an incompress- ible, homogeneous, and isotopic viscoelastic circular cylinder Even though these defermations are inhomogeneous, Ericksen [8] and Carell [9] have shown that they are universal Fr elastic and viscoelastic bodies, respectively. In cylindrical coordinates, tor- sion of a citcular cylinder is described by r=R, = 0+ x2, . where (r,8,2) denote eylindrcal coordinates of & point in the present configuration that occupied the place (R,0.2) in the stress-free reference configuration, and isthe angle of twist per unit Tength of the eylinder. Relative to an orthonormal set of bases, the physical components ofthe deformation gradient F, the Jeli Cauchy-Green tensor B, and tensors E and, are given by boo i oO Pejo 1 xr|, pelo iter el. ay oon Om | ‘Conti ty he Apples Masti Divs of TAMA EY Mansi exe y he ASME Apes Meck sn Ma. 9 19, Fon, Ft 1 200 Assent Tcl Eater KT. Ramesh 424 | Vol. 67, JUNE 2000 Copyright © 2000 by ASME ‘Transactions of the ASME yee 8 Bes}o 0 wr |. 0 er We, il? ° o B= 5] ° (eine |. 0 (a= KiN)r (aCe xt) ‘We model the material by the following two constitutive els- tions (eg see Christensen [10], Bernstein etal (3). and Fosdick and Yo (8) - Ga) T=— pls pF)", oe) ‘where a superimposed dot indicates the material time-derivative C1). Dan= dWGE, up abIAR, atrE() an AEC) 8 ay pit pF Ge", ” aay ip 210 2819) AP ff ose ai BE art, ‘game ta- me f° gn tie? ont pwns aar'sf go-9 Eee Here, Tis the Cauchy siress tensor: p the hydrostati pressure not etermined by the deformation; p the mass density: y and gare specific (per unit mass) stain energy functionals; and. g(-), Gy). and G2.) are material relaxation functions which sre ‘tooth postive, and monotonically decreasing functions of time 1.G,(e++) and Gal-,-) satisty Gy (x.y) Gy( yx). The constants Bs ind By salisty B,>0, By <0. Substituting (4) into (3) yields, i physical components, f sl) 7;+| buf 260-2022 ae : a + four-man rate. 60 or Tye, BiBy + Bos'* [ate a, ‘where 3), isthe Kronecker deta, Here and below, quantities for the constitutive relation (3a) are indicated by a superposed bar. Constitutive relations (Sa) and (Sb) are more gtneral than those Studied by Batra and Yu (1) (Christensen [10] has analyzed the torsional deformations of & ‘homogeneous viscoelastic cylinder made of material (Sa). Foiow- ing the same procedure or that given by Truesdell and Noll (11] for the torsion of an isotropic clastic eylinder, we determine the hydrostatic pressure and the components ofthe Cauchy stress ten- sor that satisfy the balance of linear momentum without body and inertia forces, and the boundary condition of null tractions on the ‘mantle of the eylinder. “The stress components, T., and Ty. have the expressions Th 1 PPM AAA WFO) 1 e-7} 2 paint PIFO) + PEL, (60) Journal of Applied Mechanics = KOEI (oo) ; ‘(= (2F (0) + Fad) )x( P+ 5 rF s(t), (ay z a TeltD= «(BIBS |g Dr (al—KUDIAT, co) where ais the ats ofthe einer, and 1p ae) rao Sf 6410) Par, " ani) Fyo= | Gen) ae. 6 We now consider osresseanation test with «(7)= hl: qd) being the Heaviside wnt sep Tencion. Noving tha 2F (0) = G40) and Fst) Gx Oy (eg. Se Chitensen {io}, we obtain the following expressions fo the resultant normal fore. {sand the resultant trgue, M0, sing On & css ‘ection of he einer exalt 1 iyy--*|e,u+ bose), wane F-28484 810) ° ae 1 MAt= 5 Kot! | Fcoworoson+36.00] (100) * 1 Me Fea'{iaine.0i= $200} (406) Recalling tat g, Gy, Ga, and ae postive and Bs mega tne ea eonstttive relation pects that compressive ava force must be applied to thee faces ofthe cylinder in ode 0 Iman i length, The average axial ses 8 proportional © ‘xfa* and x3a° for the constitutive relations (Sa) and (5b), respec- {Ney Wheres ffs lines fonction of fo the const ‘elation (52) so depends upon x fr the consti relation (50) ‘We now compare average shear sree vers shear sain cures av predicted rom tise two consitve relations without the enpaimental dita of Lene eal (12) i. 3) ad et) weer Nehere isthe torsional rt. Lenoe eal. assume that vies where Wis te relaxation models and Sats he fees ofthe eonation ime Fr the polyurethane ‘bbe staid. they found that Wy =2 896 MP, ¥ 0.387 MPa, Yp-0152 MPa, Wy=0689 MPa, and y=0 5°, 7 aoi3i6 st, 7y=0.080 5 rovided 8 good fic the ts daa, Recall ht the average sear Sess = fj2rTedria®. We assign following values to various material parame Dell») 320) Go~ va049; Gin= Be We Suen ay JUNE 2000, Vol. 67 1 425 Lan (185) Fig. 1 Average shear stress versus shear strain curves com- puted from constitutive relations (Sa) and (5B) and the test data ff Lenoe etal. (12]. The test data is indicated as dots Figure | exhibits the average shear stress versus the shear stain curves for = 0.0036 s-! as computed from constitutive relations (6a) and (55), and also the experimental data of Lenoe etal. For shear strains up to 01, the three curves are close to each other, However. for large shear strains, the experimental curve is con cave downwards hut the ones obiained from constitutive relations (Sa) and (5b) are concave upwards and nesely linear, respectively For large shear strains, predictions from the constitutive relation (Sa) are not even in qualitative agreement with the let data Henceforth we only use consuiutive relation (5b) and analyze the damping of vibrations, We consider steady-state oscillations with «(2)=&) snr, where athe frequency of oscillations, is such that inertia effects ean be neglected (eg, see Christensen [1O). "The energy loss per cycle “is given by A = Jar/"aNUayRL ade Since there is no work done by N. because oF ‘null axial elongation ofthe eylinder. Por 4(F1= gye”* we obtain mgakja* mya P +a?) tw? ¥\e77"4—1) Myw)= «2 Whenever the term e nergy loss will he a symmetric function of yand u. Figure 2 depiets the normal: ined energy loss 4, =4Ay.00)/mgoRat" asa function of and (For e- 2° of a we see thatthe eneray dissipation per Ease dnpaion cyl, a Fig.2, The normalized energy loss/cycle per unit length ofthe cylinder as a function of the reciprocal of the relaxation time And the angular frequency 426 1 Vol. 67, JUNE 2000 “ nel pa Agate gues. Fig. 3 Energy lossicycle per unt length of the cylinger as» function of the forcing trequency for the polyurethane rubber tested by Lenoe etal (12) cycle fs maximum when ye One possible explanation is tha when the material relaxes faster than the frequency ofthe spp torque, i, 2. oF when the material relaxes very slowly + ‘yen, there will be larger component of Af in phase with « during a par of the loading cycle which wil decrease A. For y- 0. the material takes forever to relax, and there is. no ene Aisipation For a viscoelastic material wth ¢(t) =) edhe eneeey loss per cycle is wat Sy 4 OF ayoly +o) toWer*= 11 Ale A i For the aforesated values of material parameters and xy! ‘40.1 m the energy Toss is ploted in Fig. 3. The energy loss high for 0.002=«1=0.008, One can similarly find the optimum frequency range for other materials. In conclusion, we note thatthe predictions from the constitutive relation (Sb) are in beter qualitative agreement with the test ob servations than those from the consttative relation (Sa). A rea test of a constitutive relation is its ability to predict resus in agreement with test data for configurations other than those vse {o find the values of material parameters, This aeduous task has ‘not been pursued here Acknowledgment This work was supported by the ARO grant DAG $5-98.1- (0030 to Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University References 1a nd 90 iC Ra Lec eM "A Nati i of nda i Ap In] Beri Br Remy. Ay sd pe Ly 190 "A Stay of Stee [a] Fone Leu! ay 111K Theme, Sub a Nx (5) BFo0h Te Epil on S Msn Hand [PB RCs 20 Cogn of Rohs Fr Pur Lier Coming elas nstopc Pr Eat”? Ronny Mesh, ape fo to) Eaten L.884, etomaons Pen Er sop nce ‘Transactions of the ASME [04 tae, Can Nt W 1968 Te Nn Lar Fld Pris of Mecha [03] Le Ei Hoyo rand Fac Ar Ms 196, “Vole A Strip Element Method for Analyzing Wave Scattering by a Crack in an Axisymmetrie Cross-Ply Laminated Composite Cylinder Z.C. Xi GR. Liu K. Y. Lam Mem, ASME H. M. Shang Mem, ASME Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 11926 A strip element method is presented for analing waves scattered tov crack in an axisymmetric croseply- laminated composite cl Inder. The eylinder is at the outset discretized as axisymmetric fanip elements through the radial direction. The application ofthe Hamilton variaviona principle develops a set of governing ond nary differential equations. The panicular solutions tothe result ing equations are found using a modal analsss approach i con Juncrion with the Fourier transform technique. The comple mentary soluions are formulated by: the superposition of eigen Sectors the unknown coefficients of which are determined from lavial sivess boundary conditions at the tps of the crack. The Summation of the particular and complementary soluions gives the gener solutions, Numerical examples are given for crossph laminated composite eslinders with radial cracks, The results show thatthe present method is effective and ecient [s0021-8936(0n9002026) Introduct Wave propagation in anisotropic media is one ofthe most fn damental and important subjects in the practice of engincering. Relevant literature is vast. Mal [1] and Nayfeh (2] reviewed it well, Because ofthe ietent completes involved in material ise, an analysis of wave propagation i layered composite ey! inders needs to resort to. numerical technigues. Dealing. with propagating waves and edge vibration in anisotopic composite eplindes, Huang and Dong [3] proposed an efficient numerical Analytical method in which a composite eytinder was modcied by nie clement, wiangular funedons, and wave fonction expan sions in the radial, eicurferenal, and axial directions, resp tively. The salon features ofthe method are t0 be capable of Journal of Applied Mechanics Copyright © 2000 by ASME reducing the spatial dimensions ofa problem by one and to omit tedious pre-processors occupying @ substantial pat of finite el fement method. Rattanwangeharoen etal. [4] ublized the hnumerical-analytical method to solve the reection problem of waves atthe fre edge of laminated circular eylinde, Recently Ratanwangcharoen eta. [5] combined the numerical-analytical method and the finite element method to analyze scatering of axisymmetic guided waves by a weldment between two lami rated cylinders. In their weatise, the mumerical-anaytical method was employed t model the cylinders and the finite element method was used ta: model the weldment. This eombinatory peo ‘cedure was applied to axisymmetric guided wave satering by ‘racks in Welded sto! pipes by Zhuang ct al. [6] The advantage ‘ofthe combinatory procedure is to be abl to teat complex local ‘domains of a eylinde, such as weldment, hole, and imperfection “The disadvantage is to reduce the cliciency of the numerical analytical method. Therefore, it is interesting 10 develop a hnumerical-analytcal method for analyzing waves in a compesite

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