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    3 views11 pages

    PLC Book.1

    Uploaded by

    Savita Kiran B

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    of 11
    DUCTION ~The programmable contr relay-replacing device, 0 controller was to add included in your ladder programs by simply programming the tee instructi Be Jadder rung, rill ice the Allen-Bradley $LC 500 and MicroLogix 1000 = timers and counters. “Aller -Bradley’s PLC 5 timers and counters are almost identical to 491 492 PART I-PLCINSTRUCTIONS SLC 500 timers and counters with the exception of the number of timers or counters al- lowed per file and the specific data files that can be designated as timer or counter files. When using a PLC 5, a short review of the PLC 5 Instruction Set Reference Manual will acquaint you with the differences between the two PLCs. TIMER INSTRUCTIONS All PLCs have timer instructions. Even though each manufacturer may represent timers differently on the ladder diagram, most timers operate in the same manner. A timer consists of the following parts: timer address, preset value, time base, and accumulated value. Fig- ure 16-1 illustrates an SLC 500 timer ladder rung from Rockwell Software’s RSLogix 500 Programming Software for programming the SLC 500 and MicroLogix 1000. Notice the timer instruction name, timer on delay (TON), timer address (4:0), time base (1.0 seconds), a preset value of 100, and the accumulated value of 0. IA eet RR tines on ty en} j co. ime base / ‘1746-108, Preset 100<| on} ‘Accum 0¢| Figure 16-1 SLC 500 on-delay timer. There are bits associated with the current state of the timer called status bits. The timer address is the timer’s unique identifier in PLC memory. A timer's preset value is the length of time for which the timeris to run, while the time base specifies at what rate the timer will increment. A typical time base could be in seconds, tenths of a second, or hun- dredths of a second. The time base is also referred to as the timer’s accuracy. The accu- ‘mulated value is the current elapsed time. The three types of timers are on-delay, off-delay, and retentive. Figure 16-2 describes the common timer instructions. SLC 500 TIMERS SLC 500, Micro os and PLC 5 timers are stored in the ti section of the PLC’ nory. The default timer data, Each timer consists of three 16-bit words, called “timer elements.” There can be many timer files for a single processor file. Any data file greater than file § can he as- signed as an additional timer file. Figure 16-3 illustrates an RSLogix 500 or RSLogix 5 timer file. The only difference between the SLC 500 and PLC 5s is that the SLC can have 256 timers per timer file where the PLC 5.can have 1,000 timers-perfile. rer file, file 4, in the data file CHAPTER 16—TIMER AND COUNTER INSTRUCTIONS 493 On Delay | Program a time delay Use an on-delay timer when an action is to begin’a specified before instruction time after the input becomes true. As an example, a certain step becomes true in the manufacturing process is to begin 30 seconds after a signal is received from a limit switch. The 30-second delay js the on-delay timer’s preset value. Off Delay | Program atime delay to | For example, for an external cooling fan on a motor, the fan is to begin after rung inputs run all the time the motor is running and for five minutes ater go false the motor is turned off. Ths isa five-minute off-delay timer. The five-minute timing cycle begins when the motor is turned off. Retentive | Retain accumulated value | Use a retentive timer to track the running time of a motor for through power loss, ‘maintenance purposes. Each time the motor is turned oft, the processor mode change, | timer will remember the motor’s elapsed running time. The or rung state going from | next time the motor is turned on, the time wil increase from true to false there. To reset this timer, use a reset instruction, Reset Reset the accumulated ‘TWpically used to reset a retentive timer’s accumulated value value of atimer or counter _| to zero. Figure 16- 2. Timer instructions common to most PLCs. ta File 14 = TIMER (HEAT. PART) (epaNe_rnr) fe 16-3 SLC 500 oF PLC 5 timer file from RSLogix software. Separating timers into separate files, and thus grouping them in terms of the fune- tion they play in the process being controlled, simplifies tracking and troubleshooting. As an cxample, if all timers associated with manufacturing process A are grouped in timer file T12, all timers associated with process B are grouped in timer file T13, and 494 PART II-PLC INSTRUCTIONS all timers. associated with process C are grouped into timer file T14, troubleshooting problems with process B will lead to an examination of the timers in file 13. If all timers were in the default file, file 4, troubleshooting process B's timer problems could be quite a challenge. Figure 16-4 shows data files from either RSLogix 5 or RSLogix 500. Notice the default data files, and the newly created data files including 742, T13, and T14. BG Propet SG Heb 8 Controter ‘LB utpontitonitor (2 Program Files 5. DataFies ‘ {8} Cross Reference LIB 00-ourpuT eB) INPUT A) s2-staTus | LAB) 63-enary —[} 14: TIMER | Default data files DB) cs-counTer £} R6-CONTROL | BD N7- INTEGER | D) Fe-rLoat EI no-Recres Dl b10-BITsTORE D) wi1-PRopucTION. B Te- Process A —P) T18-PROCESSB |New timer files Ej Tia-processo_| Figure 16-4 RSLogix data table files, including newly created timer files T12, 113, and T14, Timer Element A timer instruction is one element. A timer element is made up of three 16-bit words: » Word zero contains the three status bits, EN, TT, and DN (status bits will be covered as we introduce each timer instruction). » Word one is for the preset value. » Word two is for the accumulated value. 495 CHAPTER 16—TIMER AND COUNTER INSTRUCTIONS Figure 16-5 illustrates the format of a Preset Value Accumulated Value Figure 16-5 One timer element is made of three 16-bit words. Timer Addressing ‘Timer addressing is done as follows: 1, To address the timer element, the address format is T4:2. T identifies this as a timer file. 4= timer file 4, the default. SLC timers can be assigned any unused file from 9t6 255. :2 = This is timer two in file 4. There are 256 timers available in each file. ~""Timers 0 throtigh 255 are available. 2. To address timer two's accumulated value, the address used is T4:2.4CC, T = T identifies this as a timer file. 4 = This is timer file 4, the default. :2 = This is timer two in file 4. = The pointis called the word delimiter. The word delimiter separ timer number, called the structure, from the subelement. The subelement is ACC, for accumulated value. 3. To address timer two's preset value, the address used is T4:2. PRE. T = T identifies this as a timer file. 4= This is timer file 4, 2. = This is timer two in file 4. _ = The point is called the word delimiter. The word delimiter separates the timer number, called the structure, from the subelement. The subelement is PRE for preset value. 4, Timers have three status bits. Word zero, bit 13, i the done bit, identified as DN The done bit is set when the timers accumulated value is equal to the rs value. Word zero, bit 14, is the timer-timing bit. The timer-timing bit is ic as TT. This bit is set when the timer is timing. Word zero, bit 15, is the enable bit, represented as EN. Bit 15 is set wher the timer is enabled. To address T4:2s status bits, simply place their idenifi 496 PART II-PLC INSTRUCTIONS bit number after the slash identified as the bit delimiter. The proper bit address- ing format is listed below for timer status bits. T4:2/DN is the address for timer file 4, timer two's done bit. ‘T4:2/TT is the address for timer file 4, timer two's timer-timing bit. ‘T4:2/EN is the address for timer file 4, timer two's enable bit» SLC 500 Time Base SLC 500 timer time bases are listed for each processor. MicroLogix 1000 has a selectable time base of either .01 second or 1.0 second. For fixed and 5/01 processors, the time base is 01 second. SLC 5/02, 5/03, and 5/04 processors have selectable time bases of .01, or 1.0 second, MicroLogix 1200 and 1500 have time bases of .001, .01, or 1.0 second. Timer Accuracy ‘Timer accuracy is related to the timer time base and the processor scan length. When looking at antigo ing eyele, aéciraey ithe degie® of error between the act ‘ value in the instruction fe representing the Je. An excessive program scan Gme will disrupt the normal update Trom the processor. SLC 500 timer accuracy is ~0,01 to 0 second, with a program scan of up to 2.5 seconds. As an ex- ample, a 1-second timer will maintain accuracy with a program scan of 1.5 seconds or less. For long program scan times, a possible solution to avoid timer inaccuracy is to re- peat the timer rung in your program. By repeating the timer instruction in another rung within your ladder program, the timer instruction can be scanned within the limits of the 2.5-second maximum program scan for an SLC 500 PLC. When using other than an SLC 500 PLC, consult your particular specifications to decide the accuracy of timers associ- ated with that particular PLC. Now that we have looked at what makes up an SLC 500 timer element, we will inves- tigate each timer instruction. THE ON-DELAY TIMER INSTRUCTION Use the on-delay timer instruction if you want to program a time delay before an instruc- tion becomes true. Timer Addressing ‘Timer addressing is as follows: T (Timer file number): (Timer element number). The timer address T4:0 is addressing timer file 4, timer element 0, + The default timer file numberis four + Any unused data file greater than 10 and up to and including 255 may be a timer file. + Additional timer files may be created in the memory map screen. » Each timer file may have up to 256 timer elements. CHAPTER 16—TIMER AND COUNTER INSTRUCTIONS wads Example; T4:1 = timer file 4, timer element 1 (remember, a timer element is siniply another name for timer number 1 in timer file 4) ‘T4:12 = timer file 4, timer element 12 ‘T4:112 = timer file 4, timer element 112 T16:34 = timer file 16, timer element 34 162 = timer file 16, timer element 2 Figure 16-6 illustrates an on-delay timer, called a timer on delay (TON) for Allen- Bradley RSLogix software along with the associated ladder rungs. ra TON. Frimer On Dela 000 ime° "ap Len) merBase 1 Preset 100

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