Inverters

Single phase voltage source Inverters

ig1
Vd/2 S3 D t
3
Ts
ig2
Load t
vo V /2
d
Vd/2 S2 D
2 t
-Vd/2

Harmonic order

ig1
S1 D S3 D t
1 3
ig2
t
Vd Load vo Vd

S4 D S2 D t
4 2
-Vd
SQUARE-WAVE FULL-BRIDGE INVERTER
AMPLITUDE AND HARMONIC CONTROL
SINGLE PULSE WIDTH MODULATION

To eliminate a particular harmonic

𝜋
cos 𝑛α =0 𝑖. 𝑒. , 𝛼 = 2𝑛

To obtain a zero voltage at the output

the combinations S1,S3 or S2,S4 is used
to minimize the number of switchings
 Single phase inverter with R,RL,RLC load

R-load
Q1,Q2 Q ,Q Q ,Q Q3,Q4 Q ,Q
 The inverter can be modeled 3 4 1 2 1 2

as a voltage source. The current RL-load

follows the voltage for the resistive D1 Q1 D3 Q3 D1 Q1 D3 q3
load. For RL load the current D2 Q2 D4 Q4 D2 Q2 D4 Q4 RLC
exponentially rises and falls with the overdamped
time a constant determined by L/R.
For under-damped RLC load the RLC
thyristor current goes to zero at the underdamped
instant shown in the figure.
 After this D1,D2 takes up the conduction and the devices Q1 and Q2 are
reverse biased by Vak of the diode. The duration for which the diode conducts must be
greater than the device turn-off time tq of the thyristor. Therefore with this type of load
natural commutation is possible. Thyristor can be used for low frequency operation.
Three phase inverter 180 conduction mode

Possible switch van vbn vcn

Combinations 180 conduction mode
S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6
0-60 1 0 0 0 1 1 Vs/3 -2vs/3 Vs/3
60-120 1 1 0 0 0 1 2vs/3 -vs/3 -vs/3
120-180 1 1 1 0 0 0 Vs/3 Vs/3 -2vs/3
180-240 0 1 1 1 0 0 -vs/3 2vs/3 -vs/3
240-300 0 0 1 1 1 0 -2vs/3 Vs/3 vs./3
300-360 0 0 0 1 1 1 -vs/3 -vs/3 2vs/3
Three phase inverter Contd.

S1=0; S2=0; S3=1;

S4=1; S5=1; S6=0;

- + + + + b,c
a b c b c
z z (1/3)Vd
Vd
n
n n
(2/3)Vd
z
a
- a
Three phase inverter Contd.

T1 T4 T1 T4
T6 T3 T6 T3 T6
T5 T2 T5 T2 T5
0 180 360 540 720
van Rms value of the
fundamental phase voltage
0.4502 Vs
vbn

vcn Rms value of the phase

voltage = 0.4714 Vs

vab Vs
-Vs
V1peak=(4Vs/π)cos() =1.1026 Vs
vbc Rms value of the fundamental line
voltage = 0.7797 Vs

vca Rms value of the line voltage

0.8165 Vs
Three phase inverter 120 conduction mode

Possible switch van vbn vcn

Combinations for 120 conduction mode
S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6
0-60 1 0 0 0 0 1 Vs/2 -vs/2 0
60-120 1 1 0 0 0 0 Vs/2 0 -vs/2
120-180 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 Vs/2 -vs/2
180-240 0 0 1 1 0 0 -vs/2 Vs/2 0
240-300 0 0 0 1 1 0 -vs/2 0 Vs/2
300-360 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 -vs/2 Vs/2
Three phase inverter Contd.

S1=1; S2=0; S3=0;

S4=0; S5=0; S6=1;
a
+ -
a c Vd/2
Vd n

Vd/2
n

c
Three phase inverter Contd.

T1 T1 T4 T1 T4
T6 T3 T6 T3 T6
T2 T5 T5 T2 T5

van Vs/2
-Vs/2 Rms value of the fundamental
vbn phase voltage 0.7797 (Vs/2)

Rms value of the phase

vcn
voltage 0.8164 (Vs/2)

vab Vs

Rms value of the fundamental

vbc line voltage 0.6752 Vs

Rms value of the line voltage

vca 0.7071 Vs

-Vs
THANK YOU