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Unit4 PDF
Unit4 PDF
PC HARDWARE
SUBJECT CODE: CP 08 04 02
i) Conventional Memory
ii) Upper Memory Area
iii) Extended Memory
iv) High Memory
The early processors could not address more than 1MB of RAM and IBM
reserved the upper 384KB of that space for its BIOS utilities,
which left the lower 640KB for the operating system and programs.
The upper memory Area was originally designated by IBM for use
by the system BIOS and video RAM, the 384KB that remains in the
first 1MB of RAM after conventional memory.
As the need for more than the 640KB available grew, this area was
designated as expanded memory and special device drivers were
developed, such as EMM386.EXE, to facilitate its general use.
The width of the data and address bus is usually the basis of the limit
of how much memory the PC can address.