El método de secciones.

Si una armadura, tomada

tomada como un conjunto, está en equilibrio,
equilibrio, entonces, cualquier parte de
la armadura también lo está.

Si se toma una porción de la estructura, de tal manera que no tenga más de tres incógnitas,
entonces es posible determinar las fuerzas en los miembros involucrados en el corte.

El método de las secciones es particularmente útil cuando, por alguna razón, se requiere
determinar las fuerzas en algunos elementos en particular.
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Ejemplo 1: Determinar las fuerzas en los elementos EF, DF y DG de la armadura mostrada

en la figura. Si P=250 N y a=1.5 m. Establezca si los elementos están en tensión o
compresión.
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Iniciamos encontrando las reacciones de la armadura como un cuerpo rígido único.


F 0

M  0 H

F x  R H x  0
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Se hace un corte, de manera que contenga los elementos a determinar, por ejemplo, la línea
1-2.
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M F   FDG a   R H a   0
25 0  N Tensión
 FDG  R H  P  250

F y  FDF cos 45  P  R H  0

 FDF 0

F F F 45 F 0
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Ejemplo 2: Determinar las fuerzas en los elementos EF y GI de la armadura mostrada en la

figura. Establezca si los elementos están en tensión
t ensión o compresión.
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Primero encontramos las reacciones.

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Como los elementos EF y/o GI no están juntos, nos conviene seleccionar dos secciones, de
manera que cada una no tenga más de tres incógnitas, pero si contenga uno de los elementos
 buscados.

Para el elemento GI seleccionamos la sección mostrada

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Para el elemento GI seleccionamos la sección mostrada

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Ejemplo 3: Determinar la fuerza en los elementos FH, GH y GI de la armadura para techo

mostrada en la figura.
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Respuesta: Primero encontramos las reacciones.

A
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FG HI JK 
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Para calcular la fuerza en el elemento FH, se usa la misma sección que para el elemento GL,
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 GI  
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Respuesta: Primero evaluaremos

evaluaremos algunos datos
datos que pueden
pueden auxiliarnos en la solución del
 problema.
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