COMMON STRESSES & LOADING

1. Axial Stress 𝝈𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒂𝒍

𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑙𝑒 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑
i. Tensile ; 𝜎𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙 = 𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎

𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑
ii. Compressive ; 𝜎𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙 = 𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎

2. Bending Stress 𝝈𝒃𝒆𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈

𝑀𝑦
𝜎𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 =
𝐼

3. Direct Shear Stress 𝝉𝒅𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕

𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑
𝜏𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡 =
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎

4. Transverse Shear Stress 𝝉𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒆

𝑆 ∗ 𝐴 ∗ 𝑦̅
𝜏𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒 =
𝑏∗𝐼

5. Torsional Shear Stress 𝝉𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏

𝑇∗𝑟
𝜏𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 =
𝐽

Vijay Sir
 LOADING 𝝈𝒙 𝝈𝒚 𝝉𝒙𝒚

Only Axial Loading

𝝈𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒂𝒍 0 0
{ Tensile or Compressive)

Only Bending Loading 𝝈𝒃𝒆𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 0 0

Only Torsional Loading 0 0 𝝉𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏

Only Direct Shear loading 0 0 𝝉𝒅𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕

Axial Tensile + Bending 𝝈𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒂𝒍 + 𝝈𝒃𝒆𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 0 0

Axial Compressive + Bending − 𝝈𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒂𝒍 − 𝝈𝒃𝒆𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 0 0

Axial + Torsion 𝝈𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒂𝒍 0 𝝉𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏

Axial + Direct Shear 𝝈𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒂𝒍 0 𝝉𝒅𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕

Bending + Torsion 𝝈𝒃𝒆𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 0 𝝉𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏

Axial Tensile + Bending +

𝝈𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒂𝒍 + 𝝈𝒃𝒆𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 0 𝝉𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏
Torsion

Vijay Sir
Q1. A bolt is subjected to a tensile force P1 and

transverse shear load P2.

A = Root cross sectional area of bolt.

ANS:
𝑃1
 𝐴𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠, 𝜎𝑥 =
𝐴

𝑃2
 𝑆ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠, 𝜏𝑥𝑦 =
𝐴

1. Principal Stress Theory;

𝑆𝑦𝑡
𝜎1 =
𝐹𝑂𝑆

𝜎𝑥 𝜎𝑥 𝑆𝑦𝑡
+ √( )2 + 𝜏𝑥𝑦 2 =
2 2 𝐹𝑂𝑆

2. Shear stress Theory

𝑆𝑠𝑦 𝑆𝑦𝑡
𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥 = =
𝐹𝑂𝑆 2 ∗ 𝐹𝑂𝑆

𝜎𝑥 𝑆𝑦𝑡
√( )2 + 𝜏𝑥𝑦 2 =
2 2 ∗ 𝐹𝑂𝑆

3. Distortion Energy Theory

𝑆𝑦𝑡
√(𝜎𝑥 )2 + 3 ∗ 𝜏𝑥𝑦 2 =
𝐹𝑂𝑆

Vijay Sir
Q2. A Shaft is subjected to a bending moment M and

twisting moment T.

ANS:
𝑀𝑦 32 𝑀
 𝐴𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠, 𝜎𝑥 = =
𝐼 𝜋 ∗ 𝑑3

𝑇𝑟 16 𝑇
 𝑆ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠, 𝜏𝑥𝑦 = =
𝐽 𝜋 ∗ 𝑑3

1. Principal Stress Theory;

𝑆𝑦𝑡
𝜎1 =
𝐹𝑂𝑆

𝜎𝑥 𝜎𝑥 16 𝑆𝑦𝑡
+ √( )2 + 𝜏𝑥𝑦 2 = ∗ { 𝑀 + √ 𝑀 2 + 𝑇2} =
2 2 𝜋 ∗ 𝑑3 𝐹𝑂𝑆

2. Shear stress Theory

𝑆𝑠𝑦 𝑆𝑦𝑡
𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥 = =
𝐹𝑂𝑆 2 ∗ 𝐹𝑂𝑆

𝜎𝑥 16 𝑆𝑦𝑡
√( )2 + 𝜏𝑥𝑦 2 = ∗ { √ 𝑀 2
+ 𝑇 2
} =
2 𝜋 ∗ 𝑑3 2 ∗ 𝐹𝑂𝑆

3. Distortion Energy Theory

𝑆𝑦𝑡
√(𝜎𝑥 )2 + 3 ∗ 𝜏𝑥𝑦 2 =
𝐹𝑂𝑆

Vijay Sir