NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION,

STAPHYLOCOCCI AND
LIMBIC SYSTEM
STREPTOCOCCI

Prof Dr. Mohd. Raili Suhaili

2014

For
Assoc. Prof Dr Noorzaid. Muhamad
MPH Students Semester
2
MDP 1112
Faculty of Medicine 12 Nov 2007
 Objectives
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 Prior Knowledge :
 Neuroanatomy of the limbic system
 By the end of your learning, you should be able to :
 Describe the papez circuit
 Describe the limbic system pathway (circuit)

 Explain the normal function of limbic system

 Identify clinical conditions associated with the limbic

system.
 Limbic System

3 Neuroanatomy of Limbic System

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 Introduction
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 Limbic system consist of neuronal circuitary that

mainly control:
 emotional behavior
 motivational drives

 Limbic key part - Amygdala , hypothalamus and

hippocampus etc.
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 Limbic Circuit

Previously : Papez Circuit

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 Emotional pathway
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 LIMBIC SYSTEM
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 A CENTER FOR EMOTIONS

 “EMOTIONAL BRAIN ”
 ALSO REFERRED TO AS
 LIMBIC LOBE
 LIMBIC SYSTEM –KEY FUNCTION
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1. LINKING HIGHER THOUGHT PROCESSESS OF BRAIN WITH

EMOTIONAL RESPONSES TO FEAR , RAGE AND SEXUAL
PLEASURE

2. INVOLVED IN DEALING WITH FEEDING ,DRINKING PAIN ,

MOTIVATION AND LEARNING

3. ALLOWS TO RESPOND TO CHANGES IN ENVIRONMENT

CORRECTLY

4. PROCESSING OF MEMORIES
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 The most beautiful things in the world can’t be seen or even touched,
they must be felt with the heart.

Feeling = emotional

?
Q1 : Is it normal ?

Q 2 : Females are more emotional ?

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 EMOTIONAL AND GENDER

Male amygdala is larger than the female amygdala (Breedlove & Cooke, 1999) and the
grow of amygdala depend on the presence of testosterone.

Smaller, densely packed neurons fire more easily and frequently than larger ones--which
may be related to the fact that females are more emotional and more easily frightened
than males .
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 Clinical conditions associated with the limbic
system.
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 Lesion to the limbic system will results in conditions

like:
 Alzheimer'sdisease
 anterograde amnesia and retrograde amnesia

 Kluver-Bucy syndrome
 Alzheimer's disease (AD)
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 The most common form of dementia. There is no cure

for the disease, which worsens as it progresses.
 Degeneration in the temporal lobe and parietal
lobe, and parts of the frontal cortex and cingulate
gyrus.
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Retrograde amnesia is the loss of old memories (retro = past).

Anterograde amnesia is an inability to learn new information, and
therefore make new memories .
 Kluver-Bucy syndrome
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 resulting from bilateral lesions of the amygdala.

 Symptoms :
 Docility. Characterized by exhibiting diminished fear responses or
reacting with unusually low aggression. This has also been termed
"placidity” or "tameness“.
 Hyperphagia (Dietary changes). Characterized by eating
inappropriate objects (pica) and/or overeating.
 Hyperorality. This was described by Ozawa et al. as "an oral tendency,
or compulsion to examine objects by mouth".
 Hypersexuality. Characterized by a heightened sex drive or a tendency
to seek sexual stimulation from unusual or inappropriate objects.
 Visual agnosia. Characterized by an inability to recognize familiar
objects or people.
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 Summary

Limbic

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Emotional behaviour + - Motivational behaviour

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 Motivational Quotes
 After a storm comes a calm
 With the new day comes new strength and new thoughts.
 Our greatest weakness lies in giving up. The most certain way to succeed is
always to try just one more time.
 You have to learn the rules of the game. And then you have to play better
than anyone else.
Either you run the day or the day
runs you.

Things do not happen. Things are

made to happen.

The secret of getting ahead is getting

started.

Best Wishes