The increasing rate of

poverty in the Lanao del

sur, Philippines.
10-BANABA
ANGSANTO, John
DANGLI, Jonathan
JAVILLO, Andrew
ESPILLO,Jaylord
CANERO, Johanna
CORDOVAL,Ruffa
LAVADO,Nhel
MACADAEG,Joanna
RODRIGO,Lovely
ZAMORA,Kresia

SUBMITTED TO:
JANINE ALINGKAYON
I.INTRODUCTION

What is poverty and how did it started?

More than 20 percent of the world’s population lives in poverty. Poverty is a big problem
in the whole world, because thousands of people die each year due to this big issue.
This research paper will tell us what poverty is, its cause, effects, what people could do
to help stop it. Poverty is an issue that needs to be address by everybody in the world
because if no one tries to something about it is going to keep getting worst as time goes
on. This research paper is to inform people about poverty, to make sure people
understand what poverty is, what is doing to us, and most important to inform about what
they could do to stop it. By informing people with all this information I would like to see
them taking action towers this issue, it would be very helpful if people help does with
need after reading this research paper. To help stop poverty we must help each other in
any way we can. Many of you may ask what poverty really means. Well poverty refers to
the condition of not having the means to afford basic human needs such as clean water,
nutrition, healthcare, clothing, food, and a warm place to live.

Poverty is a deadly issue that’s killing our population slowly. Poverty has been around
for a long time now, it started when all rich people began to get richer, by rich people
getting richer they were making other people poor, and let them to live without the
humans needs. In my opinion all those people that are now living in poor conditions
should not be living like this if there is people who could do something to help, by helping
them am saying that they could use money to make sure this people have a place to
live, and food for their kids.

Poverty is the lack of the basic needs of life, including food, shelter, clothing and safe
drinking water. For a person to live normally, it is important to meet a certain level of
physical, social, and emotional needs. People who live in poverty have difficult time to
achieve those as they are not welcomed in many places. Because of their low incomes,
they have troubles in maintaining their health, hunger, education. Poverty has become a
large issue around the world. It is something that many of us know about but we’re not
realizing just how big of a problem

Poverty can lead to serious effects. Children who grow up in poverty are likely to have
frequent health problems than the children who grow in better financial circumstances.
For example, infants who are born into poverty have a low birth weight, and they grow
up with mental or physical disabilities. Not only are they sick, but they are most likely to
die before their first birthday. Children who are raised in poverty might miss school often
because of their illnesses, and they have a much higher accident rate than the other
children. Nearly a billion of the world’s population can’t read nor write. Poor families
experience stress much more than a normal family does. They are more likely to be
exposed to negative events such as illness, job loss, death of a family member, and
depression. Homelessness is another effect of poverty. Homeless children are less likely
to receive proper nutrition, protection and they experience more health problems.
Around 1.4 million children die each year from lack of access to safe and clean water
and proper nutrition. Homeless women experience a high rate of low birth weight infants
as well as miscarriages. Families who do not have homes receive much more stress
than other families. They also have disruption in school, work, friendships, and family
relationships. There are other effects of poverty such as drug abuse and addiction, child
and woman abuse, debts pressure, and increase in crimes. According to UNICEF,
22,000.

Lanao del Sur (Maranao and Iranun: Pagabagatan Ranao), officially the Province
of Lanao del Sur, is a province in the Philippines located in the Bangsamoro
Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM). The capital is the city of
Marawi, and it borders Lanao del Norte to the north, Bukidnon to the east, and
Maguindanao and Cotabato to the south. To the southwest lies Illana Bay, an
arm of the Moro Gulf. Lanao del Sur is a province in the Philippines
situated in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao occupying
the Sulu Archipelago and the provinces of Lanao del Sur and
Maguindanao in central Mindanao. Its capital is the City of Marawi.

The province has a land area of 13,494.37 square kilometers or

5,210.21 square miles. Its population as determined by the 2015
Census was 1,045,429. This represented 27.65% of the total
population of the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, 4.33% of
the overall population of the Mindanao island group, or 1.04% of the
entire population of the Philippines. Based on these figures, the
population density is computed at 77 inhabitants per square kilometer
or 201 inhabitants per square mile.
Local government units
Lanao del Sur has 39 municipalities and 1 city. The total number
of barangays in the province is 1,159.
details

Economy
According to the Bureau of Local Government Finance, the annual
regular revenue of Lanao del Sur for the fiscal year of 2016
was ₱1,842,180,471.29.
details

Population by age group

According to the 2015 Census, the age group with the highest
population in Lanao del Sur is 5 to 9, with 157,609 individuals.
Conversely, the age group with the lowest population is 80 and over,
with 1,894 individuals.
details
Historical population
The population of Lanao del Sur grew from 378,327 in 1960 to
1,045,429 in 2015, an increase of 667,102 people. The latest census
figures in 2015 denote a positive growth rate of 2.18%, or an increase
of 112,169 people, from the previous population of 933,260 in 2010.
details

National rankings

 Population (2015): 1,045,429, ranked 24 out of 81

 Land area (2007): 5,210.21 square kilometers, ranked 2 out of
81
 Population density (2015): 77 inhabitants per square kilometer,
ranked 73 out of 81
 Annual population growth rate (2010 to 2015): 2.18%, ranked
11 out of 81
II.
The uncertainty caused by the siege in Marawi City would aggravate the poverty
situation in Lanao del Sur, which remains as the poorest province in the Philippines,
according to analysts.

Lanao del Sur, based on the 2015 Poverty Statistics, is the poorest province nationwide
with a poverty incidence rate of 71.9 percent in 2015. This means that 7 out of 10
residents of the province are poor.

The province’s capital city, Marawi, had a poverty incidence rate of 60 percent, based on
the Philippine Statistics Authority’s (PSA) Small Area Estimates in 2012. “Poverty
depends on income and livelihood,” Philippine Institute for Development Studies (PIDS)
senior research fellowJose Ramon G. Albert said. “Livelihood ultimately depends on
peace, law and order, and a good investment climate.”

PIDS senior fellow Roehlano  M. Briones said poverty incidence may increase,
especially in areas where there is fighting.

Briones added the loss of livelihoods, including farming, which is common in rural areas,
are some of the “localized effects” of the siege of Marawi City.

This also the reason University of Asia and the Pacific School of Economics Dean Cid
Terosa said the rest of Mindanao will suffer minimal impact from the fighting.

“Poverty in Marawi City will most probably worsen but poverty in the other poorest
provinces in Mindanao will not be drastically affected. Investors and businessmen have
moved away from the blanket notion that peace and order in the entire Mindanao is
worrisome,” Terosa said.

Nonetheless, Ateneo de Manila EagleWatch senior fellow Alvin Ang said the negative
impact of the siege makes it “imperative” to resolve the issue immediately and
decisively.   “The current challenge must be addressed soonest and decisively. [There is
a need to] settle the issue and prepare a reconstruction plan now for immediate
implementation,” Ang said.  Former Socioeconomic Planning Secretary Romulo A. Neri
said he believes the government is already addressing the issue in Marawi City.

If it is successful, Neri believes it will improve the region’s and the country’s economic
prospects.

In a recent forum organized by the University of the Philippines College of Mass

Communication and the Honolulu-based East West Center, Neri said more than
economic growth, Filipinos in these areas must be able to benefit from the growth felt in
select cities nationwide.  This is because GDP measurement does not take into
consideration social costs, such as pollution and traffic, as well as economic and social
equity and entitlement issues.

He added that GDP is also silent on the ill effects of destructive expenditures, such as
cutting down virgin forests and the depletion of natural resources.

Felipe Medalla, also a former socioeconomic planning chief, said the imposition of
martial law in Minadnao will have “minimal” impact on the economy because that
imposed by the late-President Ferdinand E. Marcos. “To me, the difference I’ve seen
now is there’s no talk about shutting down the media, there’s no talk about limiting
discussions, and so forth. Maybe he [President Duterte] knows something we don’t
know. If, for instance, there is an international coordination of terrorism, that would not
be easy,” Medalla said.

Last Saturday the National Economic and Development Authority (Neda) said it
“acknowledged” the “seriousness of the crisis situation in Lanao del Sur centered in and
around Marawi City”.

However, Socioeconomic Planning Secretary Ernesto M. Pernia said economic growth

cannot be sufficiently sustained nor be inclusive without peace.

This is why achieving peace, Pernia said, security and public order is considered a
bedrock strategy under the Philippine Development Plan (PDP) 2017-2022.

“Having the watchful eye of government forces, especially in Mindanao, will ease
tensions and allow communities to live normally,” Pernia said.

Martial law

Lawmakers last Sunday said addressing the violence and war first in Mindanao will help
the government to eradicate poverty in the area.

House Committee on Appropriations and National Unity Party Rep. Karlo Alexei B.
Nograles of Davao City said the country’s development, particularly in Mindanao, cannot
be achieved without total peace and order.

“We cannot turn a blind eye on the presence of armed bandits and terror groups in
Mindanao,” Nograles said in a text message to the BusinessMirror. Nograles also
backed the declaration of martial law to address terrorism in Mindanao.
“The President is correct in dealing harshly with them because their objective is to sow
terror and keep Mindanao poor and scared,” he said. In the same manner, Nograles said
nothing will stop the government from pouring resources into Mindanao.

“There is a proper balance in dealing with the situation in Mindanao, and the President
knows and understands this because he is from Mindanao,” he added.

For his part, Liberal Party Rep. Teddy Brawner Baguilat Jr. of Ifugao, legitimate minority
leader, said it has been validated throughout history that the country can never eradicate
poverty in Mindanao for as long as there is violence and war in the area.

“And violence in Mindanao will continue if we do not address the inequalities between
the poor and the privileged warlords of the island,” Baguilat said.

“Poverty and despair are pushing the younger Muslims of Mindanao to rebellion and
extremism.” However, Baguilat said martial law is not a “long-term solution” to
underdevelopment in Mindanao.

House Majority Leader and PDP-Laban Rep. Rodolfo C. Fariñas of Ilocos Norte said the
lower chamber will meet as a Committee of the Whole House on Wednesday to consider
the martial-law report of the Palace and will decide whether it will move for the
revocation of the proclamation.

“A joint session needs the concurrence of both Houses. If the majority of each House
wants a Joint Session, each will adopt a Concurrent Resolution for that purpose,”
Fariñas said.“The position of each legislator may be expressed in the sessions of the
House and the Senate when they separately consider the Report of the President. If
either House finds that there is no need to revoke the martial-law proclamation of the
President, a Joint Session may not happen,” he added. Fariñas said the Senate will
consider the report of President Duterte on Monday.
Ulama view a visual presentation depicting the poverty
incidence in Lanao del Sur during a conference in Cagayan
de Oro City on Nov. 28, 2018. Poverty is cited as among the
major causes of the rise of violent extremism in the province.
MindaNews photo by FROILAN GALLARDO

Poverty and Food Thresholds 

In the first semester of 2018, ARMM recorded a per capita poverty threshold of
PhP13,578 and per capita food threshold of PhP9,565. This means that a person in
ARMM needed at least PhP13,578, on the average, to buy his or her basic food and
non-food needs for one semester or six months, or PhP2,263 for one month. On the
other hand, a person needs at least PhP9,565, on the average, to meet his or her basic
food needs for one semester or six months, that is PhP1,594 for one month. On the
average, a family of five needed at least Php11,315 to meet their basic food and non-
food needs; and at least PhP7,970 to meet their basic food needs only. 

Figures 1 and 2 show that ARMM ranked 2nd in the entire country in terms of per capita
poverty and food thresholds, next to NCR and followed by Region IV-A. 

Figure 1.  First Semester per Capita Poverty Threshold (in PhP) in Philippines, by
Region: 2015 and 2018  

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority, Family Income and Expenditure Survey Visit 1

Figure 2.  First Semester per Capita Food Threshold (in PhP) in Philippines, by Region:
2015 and 2018   
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority, Family Income and Expenditure Survey Visit 1

Lanao del Sur recorded the highest per capita poverty and food thresholds in ARMM
recorded at PhP14,769 and PhP10,312 in the first semester of 2018, respectively. This
was followed by Sulu, Basilan and Maguindanao with per capita poverty thresholds of
PhP13,830, PhP12,671, and PhP12,653, respectively; and corresponding per capita
food thresholds of PhP9,663, PhP8,846 and PhP8,838. On the other hand, Tawi-Tawi
has the lowest per capita poverty and food thresholds estimated at PhP9,817 and
PhP6,847, respectively. 

To get the poverty and food thresholds for a family of five, you just have to divide the per
capita threshold for a semester to get the per person per month threshold, then multiply
it by five to get the threshold per family of five per month. 

Figure 3.  First Semester per Capita Poverty Threshold (in PhP) in ARMM, by Province:
2015 and 2018   

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority, Family Income and Expenditure Survey Visit 1
III.CONCLUSION
Displacement is not only a humanitarian concern. It is a significant, multi-faceted development
issue. Displacement is more than a humanitarian crisis or short-term emergency. It drives long-
term development problems such as poor access to services, lack of trust in institutions, reduced
income and insecurity. The survey results draw a grim picture of livelihoods and well-being and
point to numerous and complex barriers to resettlement and recovery. Dire education levels
among populations who endure prolonged displacement underlines how displacement robs
children of opportunity and perpetuates the intergenerational transmission of poverty. The
challenges of displacement do not end with a return to home Following spikes in violence and
associated displacement, the understandable response of most humanitarian assistance from
government and the international community is to return people to their place of origin. Support
often ends at this point, but the study demonstrates that populations returned to their place of
origin were almost as badly off as those currently displaced. Thus, as a matter of priority,
development assistance must be targeted also to those recently returned in their places of origin.
Urgently improve the targeting of assistance Aid is not adequately directed at those who are
suffering most. For example, displaced households were least likely to report having received
assistance in the year prior to the survey, and, despite being the province with the worst
indicators on access to services, only 36 percent of households in Maguindanao said that there
had been a development project in their communities, compared to over 80 percent elsewhere.
The National Household Targeting System for Poverty Reduction (NHTSPR) of the Department of
Social Welfare and Development provides an objective assessment of needs and is a good
starting point for targeting assistance. Pay more attention to the participatory process Among the
third or so of the population who were unhappy with development projects in their barangay, their
dissatisfaction was generally due to the lack of popular involvement in making these decisions.
Only 11 percent said that the decisions on development projects were made by the barangay
assembly with most .Because of the cross-sectional nature of the survey, it is not possible to
establish whether the characteristics of displaced households result from displacement, or
whether the households are still displaced as a result of these characteristics. 57i Violent
Conflicts and Displacement in Central Mindanao people present. The main reasons for not being
satisfied with the projects included the lack of involvement of respondents (38%), the perception
that decisions are made to benefit leaders (30%), or that ultimately, nothing is implemented
(28%). These issues can be addressed through more effective community participation and
through better implementation and monitoring. The data suggests that international assistance
agencies should be concerned about their engagement in Lanao del Sur and Maguindanao, in
particular. In those ARMM provinces, 43 percent and 57 percent, respectively, of people indicated
low trust in foreign agencies, compared to over 85 percent elsewhere. Investigate needs that may
not be self-identified by the population There are certain disparities between, on the one hand,
the priorities mentioned by households and/or the type of assistance provided in their community,
and on the other hand, data about other needs. The most striking example is water and
sanitation. Just over half of households in the poorest wealth quintile rely on unprotected sources
of water (52%), with all of the associated health implications. Yet only a minority of the survey
respondents identified water as a priority: 2 percent mentioned it as their top priority, and 7
percent mentioned it among their top three priorities. In Lanao del Sur, 40 percent of people draw
directly from lakes, rivers or streams and 13 percent on open dug wells. Yet, the community
development activity reported by 44 percent of respondents in the province was the construction
of a barangay hall. Regular population surveys are essential for exploring people’s concerns and
preferences, but technical research and public awareness campaigns will also be necessary to try
to ensure that underlying causes (for example of health problems) are not left unaddressed.
Apply more efforts to improve access to information In Central Mindanao, a key building block to
sustainable development will be to improve access to information which was shown to be highly
unequally distributed between strata and settlement groups. For information on development,
effective participatory processes can be particularly helpful. As indicated by the findings on the
association between assistance and higher levels of trust, such processes can serve to bridge the
gap between individuals and institutions. A continuing trend towards greater trust in state
institutions would underpin public perceptions of their legitimacy..

IV.REFERENCE

I.a.Bartley(2016)” Reasons that Can Cause Poverty’

B.PhilAtlas(2020)” Lanao del Sur”

II.a. Dela Cruz(2017)” Martial law”

b.Mangelan(2019)” 2018 First Semester Poverty Statistics
among Families in ARMM”

III.Reyes(2011)
https://www.bartleby.com/essay/Reasons-that-Can-Cause-Poverty-
F3C7F4GAThttps://businessmirror.com.ph/2017/05/28/violence-to-worsen-poverty-in-lanao-
del-sur-experts/https://www.philatlas.com/mindanao/armm/lanao-del-
sur.htmlhttp://rssoarmm.psa.gov.ph/release/content/special/55264

V.QUESTION