Ay), tosis ls Qos 4th Year Civil — Structures 2015-2016 Foundation Design (1) Shallow foundations (1) IntroductionShallow Foundations (1 Introduce gles 4 AN) (Sane) Sleal Ji ph SLL praca ye gua I) hag) nS ABS doles cle eal i Grob Ue ay Aall dead 858 ye Al Qk t fyll Ghia! 4a8 wy Yi Gas -) (Bearing capacity) AT geet Ge ei Hall (Settlement) b yell 4d 2 5 Yi Gay -¥ 1- Shallow foundation: Ay Cama Gut 8 gl} SLL aed OSee - Lage laal B36 Ge (Galil Ga psis) Leber Ye Y Gall GULLY) Gay - Sactall = For shallow foundations:- (B=) 2- Deep foundations:~ 4a) tutu) ae Glual 18 Ge (Gaull! pels) Igiee wp a CLL Gay - - For deep foundations:- Boel D, 238 |A228 ll steal Jbl dil U5} alls Jail Shallow foundations I ji -) Mail Ua 5 Y} Deep foundations I plait ois Vy 4 jh yay Aisi 4a gla Cae 2) Op ISG 8 j4SI) § sill ell 5 Shallow foundations II pli) SN Joy 520) ih i aie yaaa CLL aladisd Say -Y che oe Auld Sead 508 GIS Gl Gye Mile ayes 1 SS Ge BY A gy Agia Gh yl GS Uis GoM -Bearing capacity of soil 4) Jess mle Oe tad Gleel cle bls) dle Glib ays, ae -Y AE Teall pte penal b sagt 5S Gs Gaull 42 T pee gt ail poe] soles Weis cel 150mm | 100mm Aub 5 100mm | 70mm AL jus Ayal Aa 258 Os Ob dsb) LLY proces Gd QuLAY foul LLY 55 gh sans lb Gaiadly obits aj 5 GUL dial all Cle Rigid footing Suse Rigid foot aay Flexible footing afta aa- Main types of Shallow foundations:- 1-Strip footings:- 4s 4 218 Lt gal) oa CUS el yur ly, Bail a) AL 8 pada y 6 poche ool day - wish ls JABS Masomry or RC. Wall Section A-A LA 2-Isolated footings:-Abaiis 618 Abi any 2 pee Jaaiy (Ubi of Ley ys) Sanne abel ould ald Gag ae ZB R.C. column | | Pex.3-Combined footings:- 45 ts 361 94 Lede tapiy Bid Cyogac eas Sucl§ 2 Combined footing 4S pill sacl) - 1- Rectangular footing 2- Trapezoidal footing OS Jia) @nibe Stell slau! bis Y Late aS stall coal aay Lab sda 3 Cony ae A) Uy sous pall le Cuyleie Quiserl yohadie Qcreld Talal) Ghydlhalel 8s aie coity Les GBxclall dial Glog! G4 USNS Guys Gig Les GUM Guselall Gf Alastad Ua 9S allel 230 dy (Gu) Ce AS tall AAI 3 Ghaleayl Las 55 -Rectangular combined footing slasiu) Gory Gade gallate yineli Isolated footing For Cz Isolated footing For Ci WN Swans Bac SATADA StS) ts Ga a z wAta Property sll sa Ga cu ayead Uhaite sacl Goll! Lyall alul qap ae | Bae deed Lab AIM Goayiye Nay all as Cass saclall Ge oe ol says line Tita Slall aac Ga lala aye Cail es Combined footing Spike clSlal) ayeall dee Ge dil Exterior column lai aye das GIS 13 | -Rectangular combined footing e285 Interior column solated footing For Cs Isolated footing For Cy_ SOOY | Property line 4 cslSlall ayeall Jes Ge 5,Sl Exterior column lai ayse das gis 13] -¥ -Trapezoidal combined footing -3%.3 Interior column Combined footing4Strap Beam footing system (Cantilever footing): lala) alls SaaS plans! Ga yh Ge alldy Ib ayers lal) aye by J Sista quid = A M5 yl ee ii ois Bagel Jans (strap beam 3128) 3S (F\, Fo)csibadie Gi3e18 Ab fone levees {F i p | i i a i Strap beam (pe ] a5 TR lrooting tee 3 |. ee 34x Tl S-e t 5 A} = (oe a 4 Bret Bac Brew teGaal cena Lalinns 18 ae (Sey G2 ye Ge 85) asi 5 yuS sacl Gay - UA % + oe Madi! sel sll datos sh)j le (8 pases suc) es HS A stl Aa 8 5) 5 paSlh DLS alla Gi alld Casas Ltiall S36) Saal Racal) Jest 5 8 Raft foundationMain components of shallow foundation: mdse Oa Bell cel gS 1- Plain concrete footing. 43te) 4tu js) cys 2618 2- Reinforced concrete footing. tabu) Lu yA) (ys S205 apts i I 1 i min, 25 em | [os RC. {Footing tee PC. [Fre froome— the (__F.ciFooing Jf = ai} a Let) Aide SN Coa Chap Asheall ssclill Jil (3 VI cl day) Leeda 43 gall ole Jpne Gin I Ge alkill gas au ails Ab doy qalaall ast je Ss yaa (5051 la G98 Leste: il) Aaa) Sactal dabee Gle a yaall Jas gy 5 Sale| (20 om shy gh 2 _psSi Meola! saewha clbadle ~ AaLadl Sct abl Oe SI (Bp, Lp) dptall s2cldll ala 95 Lala -) Madly Gas (0.5 tre. = tre) oe C15 hee (Bec, Lac) inc, Oto y lal Sse GS) sell des gf 5 LS 20 om Ge Jal tp, Wb ks al) dau Gls Hy -¥ wits 8 ples ll Gall sacl ye day gd =>B,, =B,. +21. &L,, =L,.+2t,, F955 WH 20 om Wake: I Om SI tpg, Malall Gh pl) las GJS 13) 1 Lee Ma sh ol ob Atal Sactal) ) dabeall Sselill Gye dau jd Sa yeall aw. wre Mahal! saclill aba! Luli (I) sayy = For tyc,> 20 em:= xL, >B,, =B,,-2t, BL. =Ly. 2th,= Design considerations of R.C. footing: Andee 201 Al pane 8 A591 Cl Jie Yl Hel ys Goa 1 Ultimate loads: 2- Design of critical s des! oY ultimate loads ce!) Dea Y) do s35 Gy azancill 3 call Ud Gas == working loads Lal ($5 oUseall = PH lSPy=15 Pp. + Pir) For Py < 75% Pp. - Pur 14 Ppp + 1.6 Pu For Pit > 75% Ppx. ion in Bending Moment:- Bell be Sy BM. 9Si Gb ce trig, tala Seelill Hla g Tem ca!) cover tI class 33135 a ashaill ans (le 4 gal oLiall 5 y plast | plas - base yO yaStly CLL La LS 5 om Ge VS 3} 30 mm Gil od Sl a 58 ody ppenell 8 (Gia St) pL) sla dled yd - 24.34 80 mm Examples:- Ifd=813mm => taked=830mm = t=830+70=900mm Ifd=S48mm => taked=580mm => t=580+70= 650mm @3- Ultimate stresses in Shea: = 0.16, | alga Jas SUIS aya ae ES CH Sl Lg ls SS ae Huey LAS - ail -For R.C. footings:- wala Wiad - -For R.C. beams:- sc 4- Ultimate stresses in Punchin; Ay = 0.316 (05+ i) for * < 05 oe for Ye -Where:- 205) ole casayallyae = b= apell gb=Minimum requirements for shallow foundations:- 1- Minimum concrete dimensions:- -Bao.,, =800 mm 400 mm ca trea => dye, =330 mm = Min. dimm. for R.C. footing is (800 800x400 mm) 2- Minimum reinforcement:- 15x dean) mm?/m! - Minimum No. of steel bars = 5 bars/n’ - Maximum No. of steel bars = 10 bars/m‘ - Minimum steel bar diameter = 12 mm Wig Males Islas s2cl8 parol (80x80 x 40cm) with A,=5g512/mi in both directions= Data required for design of shallow foundations:- ABW hashes I oa eld Gl peed 1- Column load (P,q) 2- Column dimensions (a x b) 3- Allowable Bearing Capacity (qgy). 4- fay and f,. 5- tre. wc US Lyles Say ileal 3 (a x) apes! lal haus ol 3) -1 Bi —Peolay tomy x10° Aw oom % b, Where:- ~ feo = allowable compressive strength in concrete = 6-7 N/mm, = Amin. = 250 mm. Dae 5/8 os ~ Assume a=250mm and find b (If b> Sa increase a). woh US lee OSes ileal od fy and fy. claw 13) = ~fou= 25 N/mm? & f, = 360 N/mm? Meh Deal bp cans al 13) = @1- Shallow foundations systems:- ahaa Cues col) pasts — a- Spread footing system THe oe Oy LS Ga WI dala hs Y GLULM Gf ad - walld (SI LAS (isolated footings) Waits 2213 -\ FS AAs sels pha ag US sell G8 UALS Gigs Ua Ga -Y © (local raft) jyivo Lad plas.) GCs LS (combined footings) Calpe Go ASY selsall Usb soli sl (strap beams) Calas passes lal) as Gye Mayall Sac) aie —T -(combined footings) 4644 (ground beams, tie beams or smells) cdbu) Uaulyy selyll by 9a ~hag lly 221, Gu deferential settlement 1! Lees —) “(ea ay We 8 psyad) Libya) aca il bilge daa —¥ Lssall (le spp! (Horizontal loads) 428) Quail asin -¥ Sls chy!) JLaY tasHAM Caaliall anf le GDL) Jee gS — N98 agusie 2b ~ 1 S| Jglall Quail Jall tha uy - differential Lyell G8 43 Ge Mall, scl) Lugs CDLadl Aigaacall Ly) ae Lols all Ide sais lin settlement ea Ge (tata § Ceol ust) bs R.C. footing Tie beam (smell) | | R.C. footing i i j P.C. footing l P.C. footing i 258 Lipa) aa Layyo OsSsy sell aus CD af Y llall in 3) — RE (A pel GY All at) ae al Nia placa Sexy agi ge | 1 ‘i beam (ote) i ele i fae oe vem [ FE fotSS |s8ll geste se adiye — I GaN che Ge ae aide quell Cagis 9S) Lente Jal Iba ee — cobs (33) Reed) Ge! Cs shoal shall AS Calis Ja Iba jacky hii Lilyall dea layya OSs acleill Logs Cdl ay Y All sla Ausill Aaall gs all Ibs gadis | | a= Tie beam (smell) E RC. footing R.C. footing P.C. footing [ ell pes GIS 1 Spread footing system JI ala! dead Y -1 FbayAN Go UD, Lac Gaay asada Ula (iy Aayoll sled) yeni ial -Uplift 1) ds ylial GLY) 5, dae! Aull plas) Juinis cinall Zales «50% ce aclyill Talus sab) ila 3 -¥ (Raft foundation system)b- Raft foundation system All) plas ais (sina tale Ge 50% Ge sclgill alee sab) Uk G5 - qindll Jalan Saaly sae Whe Gu (Raft foundation system) Dawe aad cLias Y Alla ods (55 trall Sascl ee deal Lull, Spread footings J) yo (lel YG 3S, bias Fe pues Aggeas Lal) jach — Bolg Mle G8 Y} pending Y ll hal) aga GLY AI les 5b5 Caney AIS 4 L3H Gs Cys ull Jales Ge 50% Ge sell dale Sibel! ob isl ye a) LYS las LALLY css swelling soil ag alls co Lull plas haw Y - tease: sf Teles go8 Ce All Jil Ayal le Spall CUlgsY sal) ate - Raft foundation I alasiul ys col Ge SI Saal Lyell oS -deep foundations (piles) alSiul Gasy Gulls pe Asal ole ryeie Sid Guull opie GS Laie Ltt) alosaaal dazais — Ailya ae Uke obs 8 Gans LS Aga olzall Jj9 Gye py all Lead als, SAY Ge Libally Gall Be ge Lill LaLa) apse Sle aols -papeal dal oll Ly Ba Gy plain J Aslis Flat slab il le (Raft) Lud peed a) -SAP, STAAD, PLAXIS, .... J} iis gael calaal} Nae Camas Aapll Jess 538 G5 Soft clay J Ge 48 gle aise sli xis -¥ call Gl) chad so duyill jis i cas Floating raft J) ssius tS SNe Ssle lyin cll Ll Oy Ge LS Glslea yl Gf Ging (sill (aaa jy ge Aaatll