‫وزارة التعميم العالي والبحث العممي‬

‫الفاربي الجامعة‬
‫ا‬ ‫كمية‬

‫المرحمة ‪:‬الثانية‬

‫المادة ‪Fluid flow2‬‬

‫تقرير بعنوان‬

‫‪Butterfly valve‬‬

‫من قبل الطالب‬

‫ايهاب وليد حماد‬

‫بأشراف االستاذ‪ :‬حمزة عبداالمير‬

‫________________________________________‬

‫‪0202‬‬ ‫‪1441‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
Introduction to Butterfly valves

Butterfly valves A Butterfly valve is a quarter-turn rotational

motion valve, that is used to stop, regulate, and start flow.

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Butterfly valves are easy and fast to open. A 90° rotation of the

handle provides a complete closure or opening of the valve.

Large Butterfly valves are usually equipped with a so-called

gearbox, where the handwheel by gears is connected to the

stem. This simplifies the operation of the valve, but at the

expense of speed.

Types of Butterfly valves

Butterfly valves has a short circular body, a round disc, metal-

to-metal or soft seats, top and bottom shaft bearings, and a

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stuffing box. The construction of a Butterfly valve body varies.

A commonly used design is the wafer type that fits between

two flanges. Another type, the lug wafer design, is held in

place between two flanges by bolts that join the two flanges

and pass through holes in the valve's outer casing. Butterfly

valves are even available with flanged, threaded and butt

welding ends, but they are not often applied.

Butterfly valves possess many advantages over gate, globe,

plug, and ball valves, especially for large valve applications.

Savings in weight, space, and cost are the most obvious

advantages. The maintenance costs are usually low because

there are a minimal number of moving parts and there are no

pockets to trap fluids.

Butterfly valves are especially well-suited for the handling of

large flows of liquids or gases atrelatively low pressures and for

the handling of slurries or liquids with large amounts

ofsuspended solids.

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Butterfly valves are built on the principle of a pipe damper. The

flow control element is a disk of approximately the same

diameter as the inside diameter of the adjoining pipe, which

rotates on either a vertical or horizontal axis. When the disk

lies parallel to the piping run, the valve is fully opened. When

the disk approaches the perpendicular position, the valve is

shut. Intermediate positions, for throttling purposes, can be

secured in place by handle-locking devices.

Butterfly valve Seat Construction

Stoppage of flow is accomplished by the valve disk sealing

against a seat that is on the inside diameter periphery of the

valve body. Many Butterfly valves have an elastomeric seat

against which the disk seals. Other Butterfly valves have a seal

ring arrangement that uses a clamp-ring and backing-ring on a

serrated edged rubber ring. This design prevents extrusion of

the O-rings.

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In early designs, a metal disk was used to seal against a metal

seat. This arrangement did not provide a leak-tight closure, but

did provide sufficient closure in some applications (i.e., water

distribution lines).

Butterfly valve Body Construction

Butterfly valve body construction varies. The most economical

is the wafer type that fits between two pipeline flanges. Another

type, the lug wafer design, is held in place between two pipe

flanges by bolts that join the two flanges and pass through

holes in the valve's outer casing. Butterfly valves are available

with conventional flanged ends for bolting to pipe flanges, and

in a threaded end construction.

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Seat Disk and Stem of a Butterfly valve The stem and disk for

a Butterfly valve are separate pieces. The disk is bored to

receive the stem. Two methods are used to secure the disk to

the stem so that the disk rotates as the stem is turned. In the

first method, the disk is bored through and secured to the stem

with bolts or pins. The alternate method involves boring the

disk as before, then shaping the upper stem bore to fit a

squared or hex-shaped stem. This method allows the disk to

"float" and seek its center in the seat. Uniform sealing is

accomplished and external stem fasteners are eliminated. This

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method of assembly is advantageous in the case of covered

disks and in corrosive applications.

In order for the disk to be held in the proper position, the stem

must extend beyond the bottom of the disk and fit into a

bushing in the bottom of the valve body. One or two similar

bushings are along the upper portion of the stem as well.

These bushings must be either resistant to the media being

handled or sealed so that the corrosive media cannot come

into contact with them.

Stem seals are accomplished either with packing in a

conventional stuffing box or by means of O-ring seals. Some

valve manufacturers, particularly those specializing in the

handling of corrosive materials, place a stem seal on the inside

of the valve so that no material being handled by the valve can

come into contact with the valve stem. If a stuffing box or

external O-ring is employed, the fluid passing through the

valve will come into contact with the valve stem.

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Typical applications of Butterfly valves

A Butterfly valve can be used in many different fluid services

and they perform well in slurry applications. The following are

some typical applications of Butterfly valves:

 Cooling water, air, gases, fire protection etc.

 Slurry and similar services

 Vacuum service

 High-pressure and high-temperature water and steam

services

Advantages of Butterfly valves

 Compact design requires considerably less space,

compared to other valves

 Light in weight

 Quick operation requires less time to open or close

 Available in very large sizes

 Low-pressure drop and high-pressure recovery

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Disadvantages of Butterfly valves

 Throttling service is limited to low differential pressure

 Cavitation and choked flow are two potential concerns

 Disc movement is unguided and affected by flow

turbulence

REMARK(S) OF THE AUTHOR...

GASKETS AND INSTALLATION OF BUTTERFLY VALVES

On September 14, 2012 I received a e-mail with the following

comment:

I have a suggestion for you that I don't think is addressed on

your site, which is to describe what type of gasket to use for

different Butterfly valves (Type E or F) and what type of

companion flange should be used (RF or FF), and also when a

gasket is not necessary because certain Butterfly valves have

integral gaskets. I've found that there's often confusion on this

matter.

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A good observation and therefore the following:

INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS FROM A SUPPLIER OF

BUTTERFLY VALVES:

The valve is designed for using between all types of Flat or

Raised Face flanges.

DO NOT USE FLANGE GASKETS. The Butterfly valve design

liminates the need for gaskets. For proper installation, the

space between flanges must be sufficient to permit valve

insertion without disturbing the flange seal. Note that the diac

sealing edge is in line with the flat of the shaft. Rotate the stem

to position the disc within the body, place the valve between

flanges and hand-tighten the bolts.

SLOWLY OPEN the valve counterclockwise to check for

adequate disc clearance.

RETURN THE DISC TO 10% OPEN POSITION & cross

tighten all bolts, again check for adequate disc clearance.

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INCORRECT

Disc in closed position and Gaskets installed

between valve and mating flanges

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CORRECT

No flange gaskets used and Disc in the

almost closed position.

ANOTHER INSTALLATION INSTRUCTION FROM A

SUPPLIER OF BUTTERFLY VALVES:

CAUTION

The following gaskets should be used for the installation of the

valves into pipelines.

 Type of Gasket

Reinforced PTFE gasket (Jacketed gasket, Spiral Wound

gasket or Metal gasket cannot be installed.)

 Dimension of Gasket

The dimensions of the gasket should comply with ASME

B16.21. (Minimum gasket thickness is 3mm.)

The valves cannot be installed to stub ends. The valve must be

installed according to an arrow, provided on the side of the

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operator mounting flange. The arrow must point from the higher

pressure side to the lower pressure side in the valve closed

position.

SO, IT IS RECOMMENDED TO FOLLOW THE

INSTRUCTIONS OF A BUTTERFLY VALVE SUPPLIER!

Avoiding problems with Butterfly valves

The majority of all problems with Butterfly valves in the field are

directly related to poor installation procedures. For this reason,

it is wise to consider best-practice when laying out pipe-work

and installing the valve itself.

The seat in a resilient-seated Butterfly valve usually extends

around to both faces of the valve. As a result, no gaskets are

required as these seats serve the function of a gasket. The

seat material which extends past the face is compressed during

installation and flows toward the centre of the valve seat. Any

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change in this configuration due to improper installation directly

affects the pressure rating and seating/unseating torques.

Unlike most valve types, the Butterfly valve's disc actually

extends beyond the face of the valve body at given angles of

opening (say, 30° or more) when installed between flanges.

Therefore, it is very important before installation to ensure that

the disc is able to freely turn and enter the flanges and pipe-

work.

Shipment and Storage

 Position discs at 10% open so that they are unseated.

 The faces of each valve should be covered to prevent

damage to the seat face, disc edge, or valve interior.

 Store indoors, preferably with ambient temperatures

between 5°C and 30°C.

 Open and close the valves every 3 months.

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  Ship and store valves so that no heavy loads are applied

to the bodies.

Valve Location

 Butterfly valves should be installed if possible a minimum

of 6 pipe diameters from other line elements, i.e. elbows,

pumps, valves, etc. Sometimes this is not feasible, but it

is important to achieve as much distance as possible.

 Where the Butterfly valve is connected to a check valve

or pump, keep enough space between them to ensure the

disc does not interfere with the adjacent equipment.

Valve Orientation

As a rule of thumb, Butterfly valves be installed with the stem

in the vertical position with the actuator mounted vertically

directly above it, however, there are some applications where

the stem should be horizontal. The .pdf file below tells you why

the stem somtimes must be positioned horizontally.

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Dodge Engineering and Controls Inc

(Butterfly valve Installation Instructions)

Installation Procedures

1. Make sure the pipeline and flange faces are clean. Any

foreign material such as metal filings, pipe scale, welding

slag, welding rods, etc. can limit disc movement or

damage the disc or seat.

2. Gaskets are not required on resilient seated valves

because they extend to both faces of the valve.

3. Align the pipe-work, and spread the flanges enough to

allow the valve body to be easily inserted between the

flanges without contacting the pipe flanges.

4. Check that the valve disc has been set to about 10%

open so it doesn't become jammed in the fully seated

position.

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5. Insert the valve between the flanges as shown, taking

care not to damage the seat faces. Always lift the valve

by the locating holes or by using a nylon sling on the

neck or the body. Never lift the valve by the actuator or

operator mounted on the valve.

6. Place the valve between the flanges, centre it, insert the

bolts and hand-tighten them. Carefully open the disc,

making sure the disc does not contact the inside of the

adjacent pipes.

7. Very slowly close the valve disc to ensure disc edge

clearance from the adjacent pipe flange.

8. Fully open the disc and tighten all flange bolts as shown.

9. Repeat a full close to full open rotation of the disc to

ensure proper clearances.

‫اﻟﻣﺻدر‬
http://www.wermac.org/valves/valves_butterfly.html

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