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1

Beam number = CB10A GRID MKD = H'-J


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 40 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 16 m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
23 24 +ve 0.00 1944.51 55.05 94.47 308.43 6544.84
- 2201 SEISM2209 SEISM2213 SEISM2201 SEISM 2201 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2A
-ve -416.35 0.00 -62.92 -177.39 -273.34 0.00
2101 NORMAL LC1 - 2204 SEISM2208 SEISM2212 SEISM -
train load Multification factor = 0.00 0.00
23 24 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.65 8.20 3.49 0.00
- - 439 LOAD GE 810 LOAD GE 139 LOAD GE -
-ve -12.84 -11.69 -0.71 -1.88 -3.23 -89.58
700 LOAD GENERATIO 609 LOAD GE 139 LOAD GE 50 LOAD GEN 445 LOAD GE 609 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #609, (6
Total
23 24 +ve 0.00 1944.51 55.05 94.47 308.43 6544.84
-ve -416.35 0.00 -62.92 -177.39 -273.34 0.00
Span Moment
23 310 +ve 0.00 1100.19 55.05 94.47 120.45 0.00
- 2204 SEISMI 2212 SEISMI 2216 SEISMI 2212 SEISMI -
-ve -416.35 0.00 -62.92 -177.39 -141.71 -4964.64
2101 NORMAL LC1 - 2201 SEISMI 2205 SEISMI 2201 SEISMI 2101 NORMAL LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 0.00
23 310 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.65 8.20 1.45 0.25
- - 439 LOAD GEN 810 LOAD GEN 439 LOAD GEN 423 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #423, (120 o
-ve -12.84 -11.69 -0.71 -1.88 -1.64 -8.02
700 LOAD GENERATION609 LOAD GEN 139 LOAD GEN 50 LOAD GENE 100 LOAD GEN 677 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #677, (74 of
Total
23 310 +ve 0.00 1100.19 55.05 94.47 120.45 0.00
-ve -416.35 0.00 -62.92 -177.39 -141.71 -4964.64
Right Support
73 27 +ve 0.00 2444.80 67.93 35.61 263.21 8787.56
- 2201 SEISM2201 SEISM2213 SEISM2201 SEISM 2201 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2A
-ve -492.72 0.00 -67.64 -176.75 -259.50 0
2204 SEISMIC UNL - 2212 SEISM2208 SEISM2212 SEISM -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 0.00
73 27 +ve 0.00 10.46 1.80 2.60 1.51 80.636
- 677 LOAD GE 50 LOAD GEN 76 LOAD GEN 174 LOAD GE 636 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #636, (3
-ve -13.28 0.00 -0.35 -6.10 -6.77 0
699 LOAD GENERATIO - 174 LOAD GE 794 LOAD GE 50 LOAD GEN -
Total
73 27 +ve 0.00 2444.80 67.93 35.61 263.21 8787.56
-ve -492.72 0.00 -67.64 -176.75 -259.50 0.00

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


2

Beam No.
10A LEFT at 10A right at Remarks
Unit face of 10A Midspan face of
column column
Width of Beam b 900 900 900
Depth of Beam D 1500 1500 1500
Effective Depth d 1368 1400 1336
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 6544.84 0.00 8787.56
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 6544.84 0.00 8787.56
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 3.89 0.00 5.47
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Doubly
pt,Lim % 1.02 0.00 1.51
pt2 % 0.00 0.00 0.04
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 1.02 0.00 1.54
d' mm 68.00 68.00 68.00
d'/d mm 0.05 0.05 0.05
fsc N/mm2 423.90 424.08 423.70 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.00 0.00 0.04
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.304 0.304 0.304 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 12614.5 4644.1 18576.2
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at first layer = 7 7 7
Nos. of bars at second layer = 7 2 7
Nos. of bars at third layer = 5 0 7
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 0 0 7
Ast,Provided 15281 7238 22519
Ast, provided (%) 1.13 0.54 1.67
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 0.00 4964.64 0.00
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 0.00 4964.64 0.00
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.00 2.81 0.00
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.00 0.71 0.00
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.00 0.00 0.04
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.304 0.304 0.304
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 6307.3 8946.7 9288.1
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 7 7 7
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 2 7 5
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 7238 11259 9651
Ast, provided (%) 0.54 0.83 0.71
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


3

CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]


LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNm
Moment-Y kNmMoment-Z kNm
23 5000 24 -321.824 1464.197 -4.503 -45.133 20.155 3952.954
310 321.824 -729.653 4.503 45.133 12.055 3893.714
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
23 609 310 4.435 11.691 -0.325 -2.809 -0.333 5.949

TOTAL
23 310 4.435 1471.21 0 0 0 3956.5234

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
73 5000 27 -317.658 1869.593 -0.351 -78.303 4.047 5922.914
303 317.658 -1487.816 0.351 78.303 -2.114 3319.361

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6 - - - 5000 BEAM -


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
73 677 27 -5.219 10.459 1.709 -1.489 -6.39 77.629

TOTAL
73 27 -5.219 1875.87 0 0 0 5969.5
0 0 1869.59 0 0 0 5922.914

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 1944.51 1100.19 2444.80
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 1944.51 1100.19 2444.80
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 1471.21 1875.87
Mh kN-m 7675.46 8546.08
Ms kN-m 3989.21 5043.22
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 2568.05 2988.75
Shear stress N/mm2 2.086 0.873 2.486
% of tensile steel % 1.241 0.574 1.873
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 0.794 0.614 0.911 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.778 0.773 0.782 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)
Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.617 0.475 0.712
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 12
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 4 4 4
Asv provided mm2 452.4 452.4 452.4
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 546.64 546.64 546.640.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 117.02 273.85 100.60bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 100 150 100
Hence Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


4

Side face Reinforcement


Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 900 * 1368/100 = 615.6 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 8.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 904.8 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 151.6 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
23 24 +ve 0 1304.321 0 0 19.23 3524.889
- 1101 NORMA - - 1101 NORMA1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve -293.249 0 -4.289 -41.321 0 0
1101 NORMAL LC1 - 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
23 24 +ve 0 0 0.649 8.198 3.493 0
- - 439 LOAD GE 810 LOAD GE 139 LOAD GE -
-ve -12.835 -11.691 -0.714 -1.883 -3.229 -89.582
700 LOAD GENERATIO 609 LOAD GE 139 LOAD GE 50 LOAD GEN 445 LOAD GE 609 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #609, (6
Total
23 24 +ve 0.00 1304.32 0.65 8.20 22.72 3524.89
-ve -306.08 -12.86 -5.00 -43.20 -3.23 -98.54
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 7 5629.7 1432.00 200.57 127.33


b2 32 7 5629.7 1368.00 187.29
1368.00 13.779
b3 32 5 4021.2 1304.00 174.02
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
15280.7
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 371.88 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 465.02 mm
Total compression = 2883.29 kN
Total tension = 2883.29 kN
Moment = 3524.89 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 200.57 / 200000 = 0.00100


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 465.0 mm
Width of section, b = 900.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 900 * 1034.98 * 1034.98 / (3 * 200000 * 15280.71 * 966.98) = 0.00011

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*900*1500*1034.98/(0.001*15280.71*1034.98)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00013
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00107
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00096
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 77.15 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


5

Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm


Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 77.15 * 0.00096 / (1 + 2 * 25.15 / 902.98) = 0.148 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


6

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
23 310 +ve 0.00 642.96 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
- 1101 NORMAL
- - - -

-ve -293.25 0.00 -4.29 -41.32 -11.45 1101 NORMAL


-3439.88
1101 NORMAL LC1 - 1101 NORMAL 1101 NORMAL 1101 NORMALLC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
23 310 +ve 0 0 0.649 8.198 1.451 0.245
- - 439 LOAD GE 810 LOAD GE 439 LOAD GE 423 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #423, (1
-ve -12.835 -11.691 -0.714 -1.883 -1.638 -8.019

700 LOAD GENERATIO


609 LOAD GE
139 LOAD GE
50 LOAD GEN
100 LOAD GE
677 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #677, (7
Total
23 310 +ve 0.00 642.96 0.65 8.20 1.45 0.27
-ve -306.08 -12.86 -5.00 -43.20 -13.09 -3448.70
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 7 5629.7 1432.00 250.47 127.33


b2 32 7 5629.7 1368.00 234.70
1400.00 14.616
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
11259.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 380.58 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 415.29 mm
Total compression = 2731.41 kN
Total tension = 2731.41 kN
Moment = 3448.70 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 250.47 / 200000 = 0.00125


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 415.3 mm
Width of section, b = 900.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 900 * 1084.71 * 1084.71 / (3 * 200000 * 11259.47 * 1016.71) = 0.00015

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*900*1500*1084.71/(0.00125*11259.47*1084.71)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00015
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00134
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00119
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 77.15 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 77.15 * 0.00119 / (1 + 2 * 25.15 / 984.71) = 0.197 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


7

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
73 27 +ve 0 1655.951 0 0 4.443 5241.604
- 1101 NORMA - - 1101 NORMA1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve -289.252 0 -0.487 -71.06 0 0
1101 NORMAL LC1 - 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - -
TRAIN Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
73 27 +ve 0 10.459 1.796 2.602 1.505 80.636
- 677 LOAD GE 50 LOAD GEN 76 LOAD GEN 174 LOAD GE 636 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #636, (3
-ve -13.276 0 -0.349 -6.095 -6.774 0
699 LOAD GENERATIO - 174 LOAD GE 794 LOAD GE 50 LOAD GEN -
Total
73 27 +ve 0.00 1667.46 1.80 2.60 5.95 5330.30
-ve -302.53 0.00 -0.84 -77.16 -6.77 0.00
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 7 5629.7 1432.00 227.34 127.33


b2 32 7 5629.7 1368.00 211.19
1336.00 19.141
b3 32 7 5629.7 1304.00 195.04
b4 32 7 5629.7 1240.00 178.89
22518.9
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 363.18 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 531.02 mm
Total compression = 4573.98 kN
Total tension = 4573.98 kN
Moment = 5330.30 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 227.34 / 200000 = 0.00114


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 531.0 mm
Width of section, b = 900.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 900 * 968.98 * 968.98 / (3 * 200000 * 22518.94 * 900.98) = 0.00007

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*900*1500*968.98/(0.00114*22518.94*968.98)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00008
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00122
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00115
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 77.15 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 77.15 * 0.00115 / (1 + 2 * 25.15 / 804.98) = 0.151 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


8

Deflection check in serviceability Limit State

Ref. staad file for deflection check at mid span of beam.

Deflection due to all loads except train load


Node L/C X-Trans Y-Trans mm Z-Trans mm Absolute mmX-Rotan rad Y-Rotan rad Z-Rotan rad
310 1101 0.131 -9.162 0.036 9.163 0 0 0

Deflection due to train load


310 677 0.291 -0.032 0.222 0.367 0 0 0

ALL LOADS EXCLUDING TRAIN LOAD


LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 1101
ABSOLUTE DISPLACEMENT = 9.162 mm
TRAIN LOAD
LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 677
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT DUE TO MOVING LOAD = 0.032 mm
TOTAL DEFLECTION = 9.194 mm

ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION = MIN. OF (L/350 OR 20 mm) = 20 mm WHICH IS >9.194 mm


HENCE THE BEAM IS SAFE IN DEFLECTION.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


9

Beam number = CB10B GRID MKD = J-K


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 40 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 17 m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
26 27 +ve 194.99 1392.69 62.87 0.00 327.06 6227.18
2209 SEISMIC UNL 2101 NORMA 2209 SEISM- 2201 SEISM 2201 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2A
-ve -924.11 0.00 -102.91 -840.70 -213.02 0.00
2204 SEISMIC UNL - 2204 SEISM2208 SEISM2212 SEISM -
train load Multification factor = 1.75 0.00
26 27 +ve 1.37 0.00 1.39 6.75 6.80 0.00
25 LOAD GENERATION - 440 LOAD GE 812 LOAD GE 139 LOAD GE -
-ve -11.49 -7.38 -2.71 -4.52 -3.43 -63.38
728 LOAD GENERATIO 609 LOAD GE 139 LOAD GE 102 LOAD GE 440 LOAD GE 636 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #636, (3
Total
26 27 +ve 197.38 1392.69 65.30 11.82 338.96 6227.18
-ve -944.22 -12.92 -107.66 -848.61 -219.03 0.00
Span Moment
1031 608 +ve 180.01 0.00 2.79 0.00 29.04 0.00
2209 SEISMIC UNLOA- 2213 SEISMI - 2201 SEISMI -
-ve -899.38 -427.20 -9.35 -171.63 0.00 -2457.92
2204 SEISMIC UNLOA2204 SEISMI 2208 SEISMI 2208 SEISMI - 2101 NORMAL LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 1.75
1031 608 +ve 0.93 6.18 0.75 3.14 0.67 0.00
27 LOAD GENERATION,636 LOAD GEN642 LOAD GEN 776 LOAD GEN 761 LOAD GEN -
-ve -11.66 0.00 -0.41 -2.78 -0.51 -7.67
727 LOAD GENERATION- 777 LOAD GEN 651 LOAD GEN 46 LOAD GENE 706 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #706, (103 o
Total
1031 608 +ve 181.64 0.00 4.11 5.49 30.21 0.00
-ve -919.79 -427.20 -10.07 -176.49 -0.89 -2471.34
Right Support
170 40 +ve 156.31 1243.45 60.68 337.61 14.20 3323.39
2209 SEISMIC UNL 2101 NORMA 2205 SEISM2101 NORMA 2213 SEISM 2201 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2A
-ve -853.08 0.00 -0.76 0.00 -173.55 0
2204 SEISMIC UNL - 2216 SEISM- 2208 SEISM -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 0.00
170 40 +ve 0.45 4.63 1.84 4.08 3.05 36.587
29 LOAD GENERATION 705 LOAD GE82 LOAD GEN 710 LOAD GE 174 LOAD GE 650 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #650, (4
-ve -12.05 0.00 -0.69 0.00 -5.23 0
727 LOAD GENERATIO - 174 LOAD GE - 642 LOAD GE -
Total
170 40 +ve 157.10 1243.45 63.89 344.76 19.53 3323.39
-ve -874.16 0.00 -1.96 0.00 -182.70 0.00

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


10

Beam No.
10B LEFT at 10B right at Remarks
Unit face of 10B Midspan face of
column column
Width of Beam b 900 900 900
Depth of Beam D 1500 1500 1500
Effective Depth d 1336 1400 1400
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 6227.18 0.00 3323.39
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 6227.18 0.00 3323.39
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 3.88 0.00 1.88
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pt,Lim % 1.02 0.00 0.46
pt2 % 0.00 0.00 0.00
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 1.02 0.00 0.46
d' mm 68.00 68.00 68.00
d'/d mm 0.05 0.05 0.05
fsc N/mm2 423.70 424.08 424.08 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.304 0.304 0.304 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 12284.6 3825.1 5790.1
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at first layer = 7 7 7
Nos. of bars at second layer = 7 2 2
Nos. of bars at third layer = 7 0 0
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 7 0 0
Ast,Provided 22519 7238 7238
Ast, provided (%) 1.67 0.54 0.54
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 0.00 2471.34 0.00
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 0.00 2471.34 0.00
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.00 1.40 0.00
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.00 0.34 0.00
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.304 0.304 0.304
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 6142.3 4236.3 3825.1
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 7 7 7
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 5 2 2
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 9651 7238 7238
Ast, provided (%) 0.71 0.54 0.54
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


11

CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]


LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNm
Moment-Y kNmMoment-Z kNm
26 5000 27 -418.829 1080.71 -22.372 -643.021 63.939 4269.047
379 418.829 -912.777 22.372 643.021 10.673 -944.908
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
26 609 379 -0.96 7.381 -0.732 -5.441 -0.258 37.704

TOTAL
26 379 -0.96 1085.14 0 0 0 4291.6694

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
170 5000 40 -400.264 960.866 33.812 256.466 -89.829 2156.045
382 400.264 -820.712 -33.812 -256.466 4.353 95.87

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6 - - - 5000 BEAM -


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
170 705 40 -8.889 4.627 0.786 4.062 -1.502 31.704

TOTAL
170 40 -8.889 963.64 0 0 0 2175.1

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 1392.69 427.20 1243.45
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 1392.69 427.20 1243.45
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 1085.14 963.64
Mh kN-m 10008.04 4089.96
Ms kN-m 5043.22 4089.96
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 1837.28 2124.65
Shear stress N/mm2 1.528 0.339 1.686
% of tensile steel % 1.873 0.574 0.574
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 0.911 0.614 0.614 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.782 0.773 0.773 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)
Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.712 0.475 0.475
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 12
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 4 4 4
Asv provided mm2 452.4 452.4 452.4
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 546.64 546.64 0.4bsv/0.87fy
546.64
Spacing of rebar required mm 179.84 827.21 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
135.68
Spacing of rebar provided mm 100 150 100
Hence Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


12

Side face Reinforcement


Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 900 * 1336/100 = 601.2 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 8.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 904.8 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 151.6 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
26 27 +ve 0 983.324 0 0 60.278 3879.364
- 1101 NORMA - - 1101 NORMA1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve -396.329 0 -21.11 -599.257 0 0
1101 NORMAL LC1 - 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
26 27 +ve 1.366 0 1.386 6.753 6.804 0
25 LOAD GENERATION - 440 LOAD GE 812 LOAD GE 139 LOAD GE -
-ve -11.491 -7.381 -2.714 -4.522 -3.433 -63.381
728 LOAD GENERATIO 609 LOAD GE 139 LOAD GE 102 LOAD GE 440 LOAD GE 636 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #636, (3
Total
26 27 +ve 1.37 983.32 1.39 6.75 67.08 3879.36
-ve -407.82 -8.12 -23.82 -603.78 -3.43 -69.72
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 7 5629.7 1432.00 165.46 127.33


b2 32 7 5629.7 1368.00 153.70
1336.00 13.931
b3 32 7 5629.7 1304.00 141.95
b4 32 7 5629.7 1240.00 130.20
22518.9
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 363.18 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 531.02 mm
Total compression = 3328.91 kN
Total tension = 3328.91 kN
Moment = 3879.36 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 165.46 / 200000 = 0.00083


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 531.0 mm
Width of section, b = 900.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 900 * 968.98 * 968.98 / (3 * 200000 * 22518.94 * 900.98) = 0.00007

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*900*1500*968.98/(0.00083*22518.94*968.98)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00011
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00089
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00082
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 77.15 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


13

Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm


Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 77.15 * 0.00082 / (1 + 2 * 25.15 / 804.98) = 0.179 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


14

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
1031 608 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 16.01 0.00
- - - - 1101 NORMAL-

-ve -390.91 -237.05 -3.59 -102.92 0.00 1101 NORMAL


-1750.79
1101 NORMAL LC1 1101 NORMAL 1101 NORMAL 1101 NORMAL - LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
1031 608 +ve 0.933 6.176 0.753 3.136 0.67 0
27 LOAD GENERATION636 LOAD GE642 LOAD GE 776 LOAD GE 761 LOAD GE -
-ve -11.663 0 -0.409 -2.776 -0.511 -7.668

727 LOAD GENERATIO


- 777 LOAD GE
651 LOAD GE
46 LOAD GEN
706 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #706, (1
Total
1031 608 +ve 0.93 6.79 0.75 3.14 16.68 0.00
-ve -402.57 -237.05 -4.00 -105.69 -0.51 -1759.22
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 7 5629.7 1432.00 189.05 127.33


b2 32 2 1608.5 1368.00 177.89
1400.00 8.644
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
7238.2
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 380.58 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 347.19 mm
Total compression = 1350.43 kN
Total tension = 1350.43 kN
Moment = 1759.22 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 189.05 / 200000 = 0.00095


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 347.2 mm
Width of section, b = 900.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 900 * 1152.81 * 1152.81 / (3 * 200000 * 7238.23 * 1084.81) = 0.00025

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*900*1500*1152.81/(0.00095*7238.23*1152.81)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00030
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00100
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00075
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 77.15 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 77.15 * 0.00075 / (1 + 2 * 25.15 / 1052.81) = 0.166 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


15

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
170 40 +ve 0 884.772 31.485 247.155 0 1988.114
- 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve -378.785 0 0 0 -83.421 0
1101 NORMAL LC1 - - - 1101 NORMA-
TRAIN Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
170 40 +ve 0.45 4.627 1.836 4.083 3.049 36.587
29 LOAD GENERATION 705 LOAD GE 82 LOAD GEN 710 LOAD GE 174 LOAD GE 650 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #650, (4
-ve -12.047 0 -0.686 0 -5.232 0
727 LOAD GENERATIO - 174 LOAD GE - 642 LOAD GE -
Total
170 40 +ve 0.45 889.86 33.32 251.24 3.05 2028.36
-ve -390.83 0.00 -0.69 0.00 -88.65 0.00
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 7 5629.7 1432.00 217.97 127.33


b2 32 2 1608.5 1368.00 205.11
1400.00 9.966
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
7238.2
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 380.58 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 347.19 mm
Total compression = 1557.03 kN
Total tension = 1557.03 kN
Moment = 2028.36 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 217.97 / 200000 = 0.00109


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 347.2 mm
Width of section, b = 900.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 900 * 1152.81 * 1152.81 / (3 * 200000 * 7238.23 * 1084.81) = 0.00025

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*900*1500*1152.81/(0.00109*7238.23*1152.81)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00026
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00116
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00090
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 77.15 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 77.15 * 0.0009 / (1 + 2 * 25.15 / 1052.81) = 0.190 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


16

Deflection check in serviceability Limit State

Ref. staad file for deflection check at mid span of beam.

Deflection due to all loads except train load


Node L/C X-Trans Y-Trans mm Z-Trans mm Absolute mmX-Rotan rad Y-Rotan rad Z-Rotan rad
608 1101 0.275 -6.156 0.048 6.163 0.001 0 0

Deflection due to train load


607 709 0.275 -0.067 0.201 0.347 0 0 0

ALL LOADS EXCLUDING TRAIN LOAD


LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 1101
ABSOLUTE DISPLACEMENT = 6.156 mm
TRAIN LOAD
LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 709
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT DUE TO MOVING LOAD = 0.067 mm
TOTAL DEFLECTION = 6.223 mm

ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION = MIN. OF (L/350 OR 20 mm) = 20 mm WHICH IS >6.223 mm


HENCE THE BEAM IS SAFE IN DEFLECTION.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


Beam number = IB74
Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 50 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 4m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
353 209 +ve 0.00 2290.72 54.04 111.45 27.62 5869.85
- 24 NORMAL27 SEISMIC 29 LWR CASE W30 WIND WI 28 SEISMIC TRANS CASE WITH ULS FACTOR
-ve -1066.46 0.00 -39.62 0.00 -108.00 0
24 NORMAL CASE - 24 NORMAL - 27 SEISMIC -
Total
353 209 +ve 0.00 2290.72 54.04 111.45 27.62 5869.85
-ve -1066.46 0.00 -39.62 0.00 -108.00 0.00
Span Moment
358 1242 +ve 0.00 50.23 0.00 0.00 16.82 0.00
- 28 SEISMIC - - 27 SEISMIC -
-ve -1067.10 -230.45 -18.08 -110.94 -22.85 -2970.86
24 NORMAL CASE WI24 NORMAL 29 LWR CASE 29 LWR CASE WI29 LWR CASE24 NORMAL CASE WITH ULS FACTOR
Total
358 1242 +ve 0.00 50.23 0.00 0.00 16.82 0.00
-ve -1067.10 -230.45 -18.08 -110.94 -22.85 -2970.86
Right Support
1958 217 +ve 0.00 0.00
144.94 0.00 9.17 5218.11
- - 27 SEISMIC - 27 SEISMIC 28 SEISMIC TRANS CASE WITH ULS FACTOR
-ve -1088.13 -1839.00 0.00 -110.94 -42.38 0
24 NORMAL CASE 24 NORMAL- 29 LWR CASE W30 WIND WI -
Total
1958 217 +ve 0.00 0.00 144.94 0.00 9.17 5218.11
-ve -1088.13 -1839.00 0.00 -110.94 -42.38 0.00
Beam No.
CB11A/CB11B CB11B Remarks
Unit Left
CB11B MIDSPAN
RIGHT/CB11C

Width of Beam b 1000 1000 1000


Depth of Beam D 1450 1450 1450
Effective Depth d 1318 1350 1352
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 5869.85 0.00 5218.11
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 111.45 110.94 110.94
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 160.61 159.88 159.88
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 6030.47 159.88 5377.99
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 3.47 0.09 2.94
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 6.65 6.65 6.65
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pt,Lim % 0.87 0.02 0.73
pt2 % 0.00 0.00 0.00
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 0.87 0.02 0.73
d' mm 68.00 68.00 66.00
d'/d mm 0.05 0.05 0.05
fsc N/mm2 423.59 423.79 424.04 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.339 0.339 0.339 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 11527.2 4582.1 9864.7
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 32 0 32
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 32 0 0
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at first layer = 9 9 9
Nos. of bars at second layer = 9 0 9
Nos. of bars at third layer = 3 0 0
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 16889 7238 14476
Ast, provided (%) 1.16 0.50 1.00
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 0.00 2970.86 0.00
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 111.45 110.94 110.94
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 160.61 159.88 159.88
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 160.61 3130.74 159.88
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.09 1.72 0.09
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 6.65 6.65 6.65
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.02 0.41 0.02
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.339 0.339 0.339
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 5763.6 5560.6 4932.4
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 0 32 0
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 0 0 0
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 9 9 9
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 0 9 0
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 7238 14476 7238
Ast, provided (%) 0.50 1.00 0.50
OK OK OK
CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]
LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kN-mMoment-Y kN-mMoment-Z kN-m
8550 6 577 -0.255 48.744 3.771 3.191 1.418 -65.801
8550 6 6275 0.255 -36.782 -3.771 -3.191 1.046 37.861
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNm Moment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL
0 0 0 48.74 0 0 0 -65.801

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
8501 6 6229 -23.984 -73.522 -2.134 -16.212 1.202 49.432
7133 23.984 79.705 2.134 16.212 0.871 -123.884

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNm Moment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL
0 0 0 -73.52 0 0 0 49.432
0 0 79.71 0 0 0 -123.884

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 2290.72 230.45 1839.00
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 2290.72 230.45 1839.00
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 48.74 79.71
Mh kN-m 8436.07 7597.72
Ms kN-m 3920.85 4027.90
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 4080.24 4442.09
Shear stress N/mm2 3.096 0.171 3.286
% of tensile steel % 1.281 0.536 1.071
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 0.864 0.646 0.814 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.785 0.780 0.780 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)

Dist enhancement factor 1.000 1.000 1.000


Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.678 0.504 0.635
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 10
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 2 2 2
Asv provided mm2 226.2 226.2 157.1
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 245.99 245.99 170.82 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 34.92 1482.05 22.40 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 100 150 100
Hence Hence Not O.K. Hence O.K. Hence Not O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.
Side face Reinforcement
Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as mentioned in
clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 1000 * 1318/100 = 659.0 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 8.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 904.8 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 146.0 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
353 209 +ve 675.922 1823.358 63.827 95.09 156.527 4626.279
40 SLS TEMPERATU 40 SLS TE 40 SLS TEM 39 SLS TEMPER39 SLS TEM 36 SEISMIC TRANS CASE WITH SLS FACT
-ve -2291.142 0 -123.58 0 -112.462 0
39 SLS TEMPERATU - 39 SLS TEMP- 40 SLS TEM -
Total
353 209 +ve 675.92 1823.36 63.83 95.09 156.53 4626.28
-ve -2291.14 0.00 -123.58 0.00 -112.46 0.00
Details of main reinforcements
Distance of Stress at
Effective Max. Stress at
Diameter CG from SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d outer surface
(mm) Bottom condition Bars (mm)
(mm) (Mpa)
(mm) (Mpa)
b1 32 9 7238.2 1382.00 239.72 108.00
b2 32 9 7238.2 1318.00 223.82
1318.00 18.498
b3 32 3 2412.7 1254.00 207.93
b4 0 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
16889.2
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 5.60
Max stress in concrete s cbc =0.5*fck = 25.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 358.29 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 417.00 mm
Total compression = 3856.94 kN
Total tension = 3856.94 kN
Moment = 4626.28 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 239.72 / 200000 = 0.00120


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1450.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1382.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1450.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 417.0 mm
Width of section, b = 1000.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 1000 * 1033 * 1033 / (3 * 200000 * 16889.2 * 965) = 0.00011

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*1000*1450*1033/(0.0012*16889.2*1033)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00011
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00128
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00117
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 70.83 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  dc 
= 3 * 70.83 * 0.00117 / (1 + 2 * 18.83 / 901) = 0.240 mm
< 0.25 mm OK
Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
358 1242 +ve 302.69 57.02 93.16 0.00 693.50 0.00
40 SLS TEMPERATUR36 SEISMIC 39 SLS TEMPE- 40 SLS TEMP -
40 SLS
-ve -1920.56 -258.02 -117.12 -92.82 -701.29 TEMPERATURE
-2461.68
39 SLS TEMPERATUR40 SLS TEM 40 SLS TEMPE39 SLS TEMPERA39 SLS TEMP FALL
Total
358 1242 +ve 302.69 57.02 93.16 0.00 693.50 0.00
-ve -1920.56 -258.02 -117.12 -92.82 -701.29 -2461.68
Details of main reinforcements
Distance of Stress at
Effective Max. Stress at
Diameter CG from SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d outer surface
(mm) Bottom condition Bars (mm)
(mm) (Mpa)
(mm) (Mpa)
b1 32 9 7238.2 1382.00 144.07 108.00
b2 32 9 7238.2 1318.00 134.74
1350.00 10.250
b3 0 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 0 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
14476.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 5.60
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 25.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 366.99 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 393.75 mm
Total compression = 2018.07 kN
Total tension = 2018.07 kN
Moment = 2461.68 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 144.07 / 200000 = 0.00072


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1450.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1382.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1450.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 393.8 mm
Width of section, b = 1000.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 1000 * 1056.25 * 1056.25 / (3 * 200000 * 14476.46 * 988.25) = 0.00013

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*1000*1450*1056.25/(0.00072*14476.46*1056.25)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00021
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00077
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00064
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 70.83 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  dc 
= 3 * 70.83 * 0.00064 / (1 + 2 * 18.83 / 956.25) = 0.131 mm
< 0.25 mm OK
Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
1958 217 +ve 0 0 302.296 0 302.476 4151.437
- - 39 SLS TEMP- 39 SLS TEM 36 SEISMIC TRANS CASE WITH SLS FACT
-ve -1389.081 -1465.493 -205.271 -92.817 -369.009 0
39 SLS TEMPERATU 39 SLS TE 40 SLS TEM 39 SLS TEMPER40 SLS TEM -
Total
1958 217 +ve 0.00 0.00 302.30 0.00 302.48 4151.44
-ve -1389.08 -1465.49 -205.27 -92.82 -369.01 0.00
Details of main reinforcements
Distance of Stress at
Effective Max. Stress at
Diameter CG from SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d outer surface
(mm) Bottom condition Bars (mm)
(mm) (Mpa)
(mm) (Mpa)
b1 32 9 7238.2 1384.00 242.57 108.50
b2 32 9 7238.2 1320.00 226.89
1352.00 17.245
b3 0 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 0 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
14476.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 5.60
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 25.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 367.53 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 394.10 mm
Total compression = 3398.07 kN
Total tension = 3398.07 kN
Moment = 4151.44 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 242.57 / 200000 = 0.00121


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1450.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1384.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1450.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 394.1 mm
Width of section, b = 1000.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 1000 * 1055.9 * 1055.9 / (3 * 200000 * 14476.46 * 989.9) = 0.00013

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*1000*1450*1055.9/(0.00121*14476.46*1055.9)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00013
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00129
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00117
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.43 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 66.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 50.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  dc 
= 3 * 69.43 * 0.00117 / (1 + 2 * 19.43 / 957.9) = 0.234 mm
< 0.25 mm OK
23

Beam number = CB11A,11B & 11C GRID MKD = K-L


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 30 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 9m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
10237 2550 +ve 5.23 207.61 3.58 18.03 51.87 624.10
210 0.9DL-1.5WLX 301 1.5(DL 311 0.9(DL+ 303 1.5(DL 204 1.5(DL-W301 1.5(DL+WL+EQX)
-ve -39.32 -11.66 -33.87 -8.92 -16.59 -250.64
103 1.5(DL+LL) 310 0.9(DL 204 1.5(DL-W312 0.9(DL+312 0.9(DL+ 310 0.9(DL+WL)-1.5EQX
Total
10237 2550 +ve 5.23 207.61 3.58 18.03 51.87 624.10
-ve -39.32 -11.66 -33.87 -8.92 -16.59 -250.64
Span Moment
10247 3045 +ve 5.23 75.47 5.69 18.03 9.66 71.87
210 0.9DL-1.5WLX 309 0.9(DL+ 212 0.9DL-1.5 303 1.5(DL+ 210 0.9DL-1. 309 0.9(DL+WL)+1.5EQX
-ve -39.32 -98.50 -5.24 -8.92 -31.25 -151.85
103 1.5(DL+LL) 302 1.5(DL+ 304 1.5(DL+WL312 0.9(DL+W204 1.5(DL-WL302 1.5(DL+WL-EQX)
Total
10247 3045 +ve 5.23 75.47 5.69 18.03 9.66 71.87
-ve -39.32 -98.50 -5.24 -8.92 -31.25 -151.85
Right Support
10245 2551 +ve 5.98 0.00 26.86 0.00 19.33 504.91
210 0.9DL-1.5WLX - 212 0.9DL-1. - 212 0.9DL-1 301 1.5(DL+WL+EQX)
-ve -39.81 -217.75 -6.30 -38.23 -25.99 -278.451
103 1.5(DL+LL) 302 1.5(DL 304 1.5(DL+W308 1.2(DL 304 1.5(DL+ 310 0.9(DL+WL)-1.5EQX
Total
10245 2551 +ve 5.98 0.00 26.86 0.00 19.33 504.91
-ve -39.81 -217.75 -6.30 -38.23 -25.99 -278.45

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


24

Beam No.
CB11A/CB11B CB11B CB11B Remarks
Unit Left MIDSPAN RIGHT/CB11C

Width of Beam b 400 400 400


Depth of Beam D 750 750 750
Effective Depth d 642 684 686
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 624.10 71.87 504.91
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 18.03 18.03 38.23
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 30.48 30.48 64.65
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 654.58 102.35 569.56
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 3.97 0.55 3.03
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 3.99 3.99 3.99
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pt,Lim % 1.12 0.13 0.80
pt2 % 0.00 0.00 0.00
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 1.12 0.13 0.80
d' mm 66.00 66.00 66.00
d'/d mm 0.10 0.10 0.10
fsc N/mm2 411.60 413.46 413.53 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.263 0.263 0.263 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 2886.3 721.6 2205.3
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 28.7 28.7 28.7
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 25 0 0
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 16 0 0
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at first layer = 4 4 4
Nos. of bars at second layer = 4 0 4
Nos. of bars at third layer = 2 0 2
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 4953 2588 2588
Ast, provided (%) 1.65 0.86 0.86
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 250.64 151.85 278.45
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 18.03 18.03 38.23
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 30.48 30.48 64.65
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 281.12 182.33 343.10
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 1.71 0.97 1.82
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 3.99 3.99 3.99
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.42 0.23 0.45
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.263 0.263 0.263
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 1443.1 721.6 1244.6
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 0 0 0
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 0 0 0
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 4 4 4
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 3 3 3
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 3217 3217 3217
Ast, provided (%) 1.07 1.07 1.07
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


25

CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]


LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kN-m
Moment-Y kN-mMoment-Z kN-m
10237102 1.2(DL+LL) 2550 -31.459 99.352 -1.117 5.477 3.311 200.244
790 31.459 -45.577 1.117 -5.477 -0.518 -19.084
TOTAL
0 0 0 99.35 0 0 0 200.244

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
10245102 1.2(DL+LL) 786 -31.846 -114.604 -1.424 -28.363 -5.299 31.326
2551 31.846 126.506 1.424 28.363 6.282 -114.509

TOTAL
0 0 0 -114.60 0 0 0 31.326
0 0 126.51 0 0 0 -114.509

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 207.61 98.50 217.75
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 207.61 98.50 217.75
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 99.35 126.51
Mh kN-m 935.63 649.83
Ms kN-m 709.41 770.98
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 310.79 391.98
Shear stress N/mm2 1.211 0.360 1.429
% of tensile steel % 1.930 0.946 0.944
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 0.836 0.659 0.658 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.940 0.925 0.924 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)

Dist enhancement factor 1.000 1.000 1.000


Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.785 0.609 0.608
Dia of rebar, provided mm 10 10 10
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 2 2 2
Asv provided mm2 157.1 157.1 157.1
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 427.06 427.06 427.06 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 206.86 1132.59 139.92 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 100 150 100
Hence Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


26

Side face Reinforcement


Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 400 * 641.65/100 = 128.3 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 2.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 226.2 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 206.6 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
10237 2550 +ve 0 82.793 0 4.564 2.759 166.87
- 101 DL+LL - 101 DL+LL 101 DL+LL 101 DL+LL
-ve -26.216 0 -0.931 0 0 0
101 DL+LL - 101 DL+LL - - -
Total
10237 2550 +ve 0.00 82.79 0.00 4.56 2.76 166.87
-ve -26.22 0.00 -0.93 0.00 0.00 0.00
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 28.7 4 2587.7 685.65 64.00 90.43


b2 25 4 1963.5 635.65 55.88
641.65 5.072
b3 16 2 402.1 603.65 50.69
b4 0 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
4953.3
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 9.33
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 15.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 174.43 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 291.52 mm
Total compression = 295.73 kN
Total tension = 295.73 kN
Moment = 166.87 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 64 / 200000 = 0.00032


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 750.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 685.7 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 750.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 291.5 mm
Width of section, b = 400.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 400 * 458.48 * 458.48 / (3 * 200000 * 4953.32 * 394.13) = 0.00007

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*400*750*458.48/(0.00032*4953.32*458.48)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00029
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00037
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00030
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 64.30 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 64.35 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 50.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 64.3 * 0.0003 / (1 + 2 * 14.3 / 350.13) = 0.054 mm
< 0.25 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


27

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
10247 3045 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.56 0.00 0.00
- - - 101 DL+LL - -

-ve -26.22 -9.60 -0.93 0.00 -2.65 -31.07


101 DL+LL 101 DL+LL 101 DL+LL - 101 DL+LL 101 DL+LL
Total
10247 3045 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.56 0.00 0.00
-ve -26.22 -9.60 -0.93 0.00 -2.65 -31.07
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 684.00 16.11 89.33


b2 0 3 0.0 0.00 0.00
684.00 1.020
b3 0 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 0 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
3217.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 9.33
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 15.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 185.94 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 254.06 mm
Total compression = 51.84 kN
Total tension = 51.84 kN
Moment = 31.07 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 16.11 / 200000 = 0.00008


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 750.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 684.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 750.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 254.1 mm
Width of section, b = 400.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 400 * 495.94 * 495.94 / (3 * 200000 * 3216.99 * 429.94) = 0.00012

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*400*750*495.94/(0.00008*3216.99*495.94)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00176
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00009
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00000
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 63.69 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 66.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 50.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 63.69 * 0 / (1 + 2 * 13.69 / 429.94) = 0.000 mm
< 0.25 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


28

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
10245 2551 +ve 0 0 0 0 0 95.424
- - - - - 101 DL+LL
-ve -26.538 -105.422 -1.187 -23.636 -5.235 0
101 DL+LL 101 DL+LL 101 DL+LL 101 DL+LL 101 DL+LL -
Total
10245 2551 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 95.42
-ve -26.54 -105.42 -1.19 -23.64 -5.24 0.00
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 28.7 4 2587.7 685.65 60.67 90.43


b2 0 4 0.0 0.00 0.00
685.65 3.360
b3 0 2 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 0 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
2587.7
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 9.33
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 15.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 186.39 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 233.63 mm
Total compression = 157.01 kN
Total tension = 157.01 kN
Moment = 95.42 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 60.67 / 200000 = 0.00030


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 750.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 685.7 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 750.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 233.6 mm
Width of section, b = 400.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 400 * 516.37 * 516.37 / (3 * 200000 * 2587.7 * 452.02) = 0.00015

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*400*750*516.37/(0.0003*2587.7*516.37)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00058
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00035
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00019
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 64.30 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 64.35 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 50.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 64.3 * 0.00019 / (1 + 2 * 14.3 / 452.02) = 0.035 mm
< 0.25 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


29

Deflection check in serviceability Limit State

Ref. staad file for deflection check at mid span of beam.

Deflection due to all loads except train load


Node L/C X-Trans Y-Trans mm Z-Trans mmAbsolute mm X-Rotan rad Y-Rotan rad Z-Rotan rad
34 1101 0.381 -2.224 -0.036 2.257 0.001 0 0

Deflection due to train load


34 725 0.279 -0.032 0.178 0.333 0 0 0

ALL LOADS EXCLUDING TRAIN LOAD


LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 1101
ABSOLUTE DISPLACEMENT = 2.224 mm
TRAIN LOAD
LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 725
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT DUE TO MOVING LOAD = 0.032 mm
TOTAL DEFLECTION = 2.256 mm

ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION = MIN. OF (L/350 OR 20 mm) = 20 mm WHICH IS >2.256 mm


HENCE THE BEAM IS SAFE IN DEFLECTION.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


Beam number = IB74
Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 50 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 4m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
354 209 +ve 0 2308.182 39.963 0 131.387 5092.354
- 24 NORMAL24 NORMAL - 27 SEISMIC 24 NORMAL CASE WITH ULS FACTOR
-ve -1070.31 0.00 -62.81 -110.94 -24.88 0
24 NORMAL CASE - 27 SEISMIC 29 LWR CASE W30 WIND WI -
Total
354 209 +ve 0.00 2308.18 39.96 0.00 131.39 5092.35
-ve -1070.31 0.00 -62.81 -110.94 -24.88 0.00
Span Moment
1912 1036 +ve -1067.092 -230.494 -16.624 -97.78 -8.967 -2970.867
- - 204 L 1.5(DL-W103 L 1.5(DL+LL) 211 L 0.9DL+ -
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
103 L 1.5(DL+LL) 103 L 1.5(DL+210 L 0.9DL-1 - 204 L 1.5(DL- 103 L 1.5(DL+LL)
Total
1912 1036 +ve -1067.09 -230.49 -16.62 -97.78 -8.97 -2970.87
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Right Support
1890 609 +ve 926.704 1811.957 -67.828 71.811 31.58 -5217.965
- 103 L 1.5(D 204 L 1.5(DL 201 L 1.5(DL+W205 L 1.2(D 103 L 1.5(DL+LL)
-ve -60.06 0.00 -1.26 0.00 -7.43 0
103 L 1.5(DL+LL) - 211 L 0.9DL+ - 204 L 1.5(DL -
Total
1890 609 +ve 926.70 1811.96 -67.83 71.81 31.58 -5217.97
-ve -60.06 0.00 -1.26 0.00 -7.43 0.00
Beam No.
CB11A/CB11B CB11B Remarks
Unit Left
CB11B MIDSPAN
RIGHT/CB11C

Width of Beam b 2000 2000 2000


Depth of Beam D 1450 1450 1450
Effective Depth d 1350 1350 1352
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 5092.35 -2970.87 -5217.97
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 110.94 97.78 71.81
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 112.57 99.22 72.87
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 5204.92 -2871.65 -5145.10
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 1.43 -0.79 -1.41
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 6.65 6.65 6.65
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pt,Lim % 0.34 -0.18 -0.31
pt2 % 0.00 0.00 0.00
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 0.34 -0.18 -0.31
d' mm 64.50 68.00 62.50
d'/d mm 0.05 0.05 0.05
fsc N/mm2 424.21 423.79 424.45 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.339 0.339 0.339 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 9175.6 9164.1 9177.7
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 0 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 32 0 32
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 0 0 0
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at first layer = 9 9 9
Nos. of bars at second layer = 9 0 9
Nos. of bars at third layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 14476 0 14476
Ast, provided (%) 0.50 0.00 0.50
OK 0.0 OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 0.00 2970.87 0.00
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 110.94 97.78 71.81
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 112.57 99.22 72.87
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 112.57 3070.08 72.87
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.03 0.84 0.02
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 6.65 6.65 6.65
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.01 0.20 0.00
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.339 0.339 0.339
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 9164.1 9164.1 9177.7
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 25 32 25
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 0 32 0
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 0 0 0
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 9 9 9
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 0 9 0
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 4418 14476 4418
Ast, provided (%) 0.15 0.50 0.15
0.0 OK 0.0
CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]
LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kN-mMoment-Y kN-mMoment-Z kN-m
8550 6 577 -0.255 48.744 3.771 3.191 1.418 -65.801
8550 6 6275 0.255 -36.782 -3.771 -3.191 1.046 37.861
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNm Moment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL
0 0 0 48.74 0 0 0 -65.801

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
8501 6 6229 -23.984 -73.522 -2.134 -16.212 1.202 49.432
7133 23.984 79.705 2.134 16.212 0.871 -123.884

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNm Moment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL
0 0 0 -73.52 0 0 0 49.432
0 0 79.71 0 0 0 -123.884

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 2308.18 230.49 1811.96
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 2308.18 230.49 1811.96
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 48.74 79.71
Mh kN-m 8043.21 8055.81
Ms kN-m 2551.73 2555.57
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 3761.38 3789.28
Shear stress N/mm2 1.393 0.085 1.401
% of tensile steel % 0.536 0.000 0.535
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 0.646 0.000 0.646 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.780 0.780 0.780 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)

Dist enhancement factor 1.000 1.000 1.000


Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.504 0.000 0.504
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 10
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 2 2 2
Asv provided mm2 226.2 226.2 157.1
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 122.99 122.99 85.41 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 38.17 101.36 26.33 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 100 150 100
Hence Hence Not O.K. Hence Not O.K.Hence Not O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.
Side face Reinforcement
Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as mentioned in
clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 2000 * 1350/100 = 1350.0 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 8.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 904.8 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 146.4 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
2989 610 +ve 729.091 2099.495 -8.108 -53.827 2.335 -4627.32
- - 101 S DL+LL - 101 S DL+LL101 S DL+LL
-ve -41.443 -319.876 0 -7.825 0 0
101 S DL+LL 101 S DL+L - 101 S DL+LL - -
Total
2989 610 +ve 729.09 2099.50 -8.11 -53.83 2.34 -4627.32
-ve -41.44 -319.88 0.00 -7.83 0.00 0.00
Details of main reinforcements
Distance of Stress at
Effective Max. Stress at
Diameter CG from SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d outer surface
(mm) Bottom condition Bars (mm)
(mm) (Mpa)
(mm) (Mpa)
b1 32 9 7238.2 1382.00 -262.74 233.00
b2 32 9 7238.2 1318.00 -247.31
1350.00 -12.611
b3 0 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 0 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
14476.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 5.60
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 25.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 366.99 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 292.76 mm
Total compression -= 3691.87 kN
Total tension -= 3691.87 kN
Moment -= 4627.32 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = -262.74 / 200000 -= 0.00131


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1450.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1382.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1450.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 292.8 mm
Width of section, b = 2000.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 2000 * 1157.24 * 1157.24 / (3 * 200000 * 14476.46 * 1089.24) = 0.00028

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*2000*1450*1157.24/(-0.00131*14476.46*1157.24)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) -= 0.00023
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 -= 0.00140
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00000
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 118.89 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  dc 
= 3 * 118.89 * 0 / (1 + 2 * 66.89 / 1057.24) = 0.000 mm
< 0.25 mm OK
Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
1912 1036 +ve 0.00 0.00 1.21 141.20 0.00 0.00
- - 101 S DL+LL 101 S DL+LL - -

-ve -40.56 -37.85 0.00 0.00 -1.72 -468.76


101 S DL+LL 101 S DL+LL - - 101 S DL+LL 101 S DL+LL
Total
1912 1036 +ve 0.00 0.00 1.21 141.20 0.00 0.00
-ve -40.56 -37.85 0.00 0.00 -1.72 -468.76
Details of main reinforcements
Distance of Stress at
Effective Max. Stress at
Diameter CG from SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d outer surface
(mm) Bottom condition Bars (mm)
(mm) (Mpa)
(mm) (Mpa)
b1 32 9 7238.2 1382.00 26.91 233.00
b2 32 9 7238.2 1318.00 25.34
1350.00 1.220
b3 0 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 0 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
14476.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 5.60
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 25.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 366.99 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 279.82 mm
Total compression = 341.32 kN
Total tension = 378.19 kN
Moment = 468.76 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 26.91 / 200000 = 0.00013


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1450.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1382.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1450.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 279.8 mm
Width of section, b = 2000.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 2000 * 1170.18 * 1170.18 / (3 * 200000 * 14476.46 * 1102.18) = 0.00029

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*2000*1450*1170.18/(0.00013*14476.46*1170.18)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00226
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00014
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00000
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 118.89 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  dc 
= 3 * 118.89 * 0 / (1 + 2 * 66.89 / 1070.18) = 0.000 mm
< 0.25 mm OK
Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
1890 609 +ve 0 375.661 0.247 42.124 0.401 548.886
- 101 S DL+L 101 S DL+LL 101 S DL+LL 101 S DL+LL101 S DL+LL
-ve -40.041 0 0 0 0 0
101 S DL+LL - - - - -
Total
1890 609 +ve 0.00 375.66 0.25 42.12 0.40 548.89
-ve -40.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Details of main reinforcements
Distance of Stress at
Effective Max. Stress at
Diameter CG from SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d outer surface
(mm) Bottom condition Bars (mm)
(mm) (Mpa)
(mm) (Mpa)
b1 32 9 7238.2 1384.00 31.45 233.50
b2 32 9 7238.2 1320.00 29.63
1352.00 1.426
b3 0 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 0 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
14476.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 5.60
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 25.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 367.53 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 280.27 mm
Total compression = 399.69 kN
Total tension = 442.07 kN
Moment = 548.89 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 31.45 / 200000 = 0.00016


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1450.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1384.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1450.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 280.3 mm
Width of section, b = 2000.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 2000 * 1169.73 * 1169.73 / (3 * 200000 * 14476.46 * 1103.73) = 0.00029

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*2000*1450*1169.73/(0.00016*14476.46*1169.73)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00194
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00017
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00000
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 118.11 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 66.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 50.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  dc 
= 3 * 118.11 * 0 / (1 + 2 * 68.11 / 1071.73) = 0.000 mm
< 0.25 mm OK
36

Beam number = CB11A,11B & 11C GRID MKD = K-L


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 30 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 9m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
10230 2540 +ve 1.95 319.01 7.40 0.00 26.84 673.12
309 0.9(DL+WL)+1. 301 1.5(DL 311 0.9(DL+ - 303 1.5(DL+ 301 1.5(DL+WL+EQX)
-ve -58.34 -70.56 -13.57 -71.46 -18.59 -379.13
302 1.5(DL+WL-EQX310 0.9(DL 304 1.5(DL+W103 1.5(DL+312 0.9(DL+ 310 0.9(DL+WL)-1.5EQX
Total
10230 2540 +ve 1.95 319.01 7.40 0.00 26.84 673.12
-ve -58.34 -70.56 -13.57 -71.46 -18.59 -379.13
Span Moment
10230 443 +ve 1.95 228.98 7.40 0.00 3.61 0.00
309 0.9(DL+WL)+1.5E 301 1.5(DL+ 311 0.9(DL+WL- 311 0.9(DL+W-
-ve -58.34 -124.58 -13.57 -71.46 -13.93 -171.24
302 1.5(DL+WL-EQX) 310 0.9(DL+W304 1.5(DL+WL103 1.5(DL+L304 1.5(DL+W103 1.5(DL+LL)
Total
10230 443 +ve 1.95 228.98 7.40 0.00 3.61 0.00
-ve -58.34 -124.58 -13.57 -71.46 -13.93 -171.24
Right Support
10255 2541 +ve 5.88 61.00 17.02 76.61 30.39 677.30
309 0.9(DL+WL)+1. 309 0.9(DL 204 1.5(DL-W303 1.5(DL 303 1.5(DL+ 301 1.5(DL+WL+EQX)
-ve -64.23 -327.30 -5.13 0.00 -13.57 -377.72
302 1.5(DL+WL-EQX302 1.5(DL 312 0.9(DL+W- 312 0.9(DL+ 310 0.9(DL+WL)-1.5EQX
Total
10255 2541 +ve 5.88 61.00 17.02 76.61 30.39 677.30
-ve -64.23 -327.30 -5.13 0.00 -13.57 -377.72

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


37

Beam No.
CB11A/CB11B CB11B CB11B Remarks
Unit Left MIDSPAN RIGHT/CB11C

Width of Beam b 400 400 400


Depth of Beam D 750 750 750
Effective Depth d 666 684 666
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 673.12 0.00 677.30
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 71.46 71.46 76.61
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 120.85 120.85 129.55
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 793.97 120.85 806.85
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 4.48 0.65 4.55
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 3.99 3.99 3.99
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Doubly Singly Doubly
pt,Lim % 1.13 0.15 1.13
pt2 % 0.13 0.00 0.15
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 1.26 0.15 1.28
d' mm 66.00 66.00 66.00
d'/d mm 0.10 0.10 0.10
fsc N/mm2 412.70 413.46 412.70 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.14 0.00 0.16
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.263 0.263 0.263 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 3353.1 851.0 3404.2
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 28.7 28.7 28.7
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 20 0 20
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 0 0 0
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at first layer = 4 4 4
Nos. of bars at second layer = 4 0 4
Nos. of bars at third layer = 2 0 2
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 3844 2588 3844
Ast, provided (%) 1.28 0.86 1.28
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 379.13 171.24 377.72
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 71.46 71.46 76.61
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 120.85 120.85 129.55
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 499.98 292.09 507.27
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 2.82 1.56 2.86
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 3.99 3.99 3.99
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.74 0.38 0.75
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.14 0.00 0.16
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.263 0.263 0.263
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 1969.7 1048.8 2003.2
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 0 0 0
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 0 0 0
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 4 4 4
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 3 3 3
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 3217 3217 3217
Ast, provided (%) 1.07 1.07 1.07
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


38

CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]


LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kN-m
Moment-Y kN-mMoment-Z kN-m
10230102 1.2(DL+LL) 2540 -38.03 143.086 -4.069 -57.168 5.443 168.1
443 38.03 -60.31 4.069 57.168 6.763 136.993
TOTAL
0 0 0 143.09 0 0 0 168.1

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
10255102 1.2(DL+LL) 3048 -39.278 -136.423 6.508 61.155 5.578 55.473
2541 39.278 156.391 -6.508 -61.155 -10.784 -173.66

TOTAL
0 0 0 -136.42 0 0 0 55.473
0 0 156.39 0 0 0 -173.66

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 319.01 228.98 327.30
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 319.01 228.98 327.30
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 143.09 156.39
Mh kN-m 707.17 707.17
Ms kN-m 742.99 742.99
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 368.67 381.97
Shear stress N/mm2 1.385 0.837 1.435
% of tensile steel % 1.444 0.946 1.444
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 0.759 0.659 0.759 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.931 0.925 0.931 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)

Dist enhancement factor 1.000 1.000 1.000


Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.706 0.609 0.706
Dia of rebar, provided mm 10 10 10
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 2 2 2
Asv provided mm2 157.1 157.1 157.1
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 427.06 427.06 427.06 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 158.40 272.12 151.39 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 100 150 100
Hence Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


39

Side face Reinforcement


Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 400 * 665.65/100 = 133.1 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 2.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 226.2 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 206.6 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
10230 2540 +ve 0 119.238 0 0 4.536 140.083
- 101 DL+LL - - 101 DL+LL 101 DL+LL
-ve -31.692 0 -3.391 -47.64 0 0
101 DL+LL - 101 DL+LL 101 DL+LL - -
Total
10230 2540 +ve 0.00 119.24 0.00 0.00 4.54 140.08
-ve -31.69 0.00 -3.39 -47.64 0.00 0.00
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 28.7 4 2587.7 685.65 64.44 90.43


b2 20 4 1256.6 645.65 58.26
665.65 4.459
b3 0 2 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 0 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
3844.3
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 9.33
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 15.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 180.95 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 269.06 mm
Total compression = 239.97 kN
Total tension = 239.97 kN
Moment = 140.08 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 64.44 / 200000 = 0.00032


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 750.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 685.7 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 750.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 269.1 mm
Width of section, b = 400.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 400 * 480.94 * 480.94 / (3 * 200000 * 3844.34 * 416.59) = 0.00010

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*400*750*480.94/(0.00032*3844.34*480.94)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00037
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00037
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00028
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 64.30 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 64.35 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 50.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 64.3 * 0.00028 / (1 + 2 * 14.3 / 396.59) = 0.050 mm
< 0.25 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


40

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
10230 443 +ve 0.00 50.26 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
- 101 DL+LL - - - -

-ve -31.69 0.00 -3.39 -47.64 -5.64 -114.16


101 DL+LL - 101 DL+LL 101 DL+LL 101 DL+LL 101 DL+LL
Total
10230 443 +ve 0.00 50.26 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
-ve -31.69 0.00 -3.39 -47.64 -5.64 -114.16
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 684.00 59.21 89.33


b2 0 3 0.0 0.00 0.00
684.00 3.749
b3 0 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 0 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
3217.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 9.33
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 15.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 185.94 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 254.06 mm
Total compression = 190.49 kN
Total tension = 190.49 kN
Moment = 114.16 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 59.21 / 200000 = 0.00030


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 750.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 684.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 750.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 254.1 mm
Width of section, b = 400.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 400 * 495.94 * 495.94 / (3 * 200000 * 3216.99 * 429.94) = 0.00012

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*400*750*495.94/(0.0003*3216.99*495.94)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00048
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00034
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00022
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 63.69 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 66.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 50.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 63.69 * 0.00022 / (1 + 2 * 13.69 / 429.94) = 0.040 mm
< 0.25 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


41

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
10255 2541 +ve 0 0 5.423 50.963 8.987 144.717
- - 101 DL+LL 101 DL+LL 101 DL+LL 101 DL+LL
-ve -32.732 -130.326 0 0 0 0
101 DL+LL 101 DL+LL - - - -
Total
10255 2541 +ve 0.00 0.00 5.42 50.96 8.99 144.72
-ve -32.73 -130.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 28.7 4 2587.7 685.65 66.58 90.43


b2 20 4 1256.6 645.65 60.18
665.65 4.607
b3 0 2 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 0 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
3844.3
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 9.33
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 15.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 180.95 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 269.06 mm
Total compression = 247.90 kN
Total tension = 247.90 kN
Moment = 144.72 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 66.58 / 200000 = 0.00033


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 750.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 685.7 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 750.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 269.1 mm
Width of section, b = 400.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 400 * 480.94 * 480.94 / (3 * 200000 * 3844.34 * 416.59) = 0.00010

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*400*750*480.94/(0.00033*3844.34*480.94)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00036
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00038
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00029
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 64.30 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 64.35 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 50.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 64.3 * 0.00029 / (1 + 2 * 14.3 / 396.59) = 0.052 mm
< 0.25 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


42

Deflection check in serviceability Limit State

Ref. staad file for deflection check at mid span of beam.

Deflection due to all loads except train load


Node L/C X-Trans Y-Trans mm Z-Trans mmAbsolute mm X-Rotan rad Y-Rotan rad Z-Rotan rad
34 1101 0.381 -2.224 -0.036 2.257 0.001 0 0

Deflection due to train load


34 725 0.279 -0.032 0.178 0.333 0 0 0

ALL LOADS EXCLUDING TRAIN LOAD


LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 1101
ABSOLUTE DISPLACEMENT = 2.224 mm
TRAIN LOAD
LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 725
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT DUE TO MOVING LOAD = 0.032 mm
TOTAL DEFLECTION = 2.256 mm

ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION = MIN. OF (L/350 OR 20 mm) = 20 mm WHICH IS >2.256 mm


HENCE THE BEAM IS SAFE IN DEFLECTION.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


Beam number = IB74
Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 50 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 4m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
2064 1128 +ve 0.00 3132.88 76.65 1391.52 57.35 7354.55
- 24 NORMAL27 SEISMIC 24 NORMAL CA30 WIND WI 24 NORMAL CASE WITH ULS FACTOR
-ve -929.56 0.00 -17.34 0.00 -115.43 0
24 NORMAL CASE - 30 WIND WIT- 27 SEISMIC -
Total
2064 1128 +ve 0.00 3132.88 76.65 1391.52 57.35 7354.55
-ve -929.56 0.00 -17.34 0.00 -115.43 0.00
Span Moment
2060 1123 +ve 0.00 580.33 22.43 0.00 1.44 0.00
- 28 SEISMIC 29 LWR CASE - 26 SEISMIC V -
-ve -927.72 0.00 0.00 -343.99 -25.75 -3846.65
24 NORMAL CASE WI- - 24 NORMAL CASE 29 LWR CASE24 NORMAL CASE WITH ULS FACTOR
Total
2060 1123 +ve 0.00 580.33 22.43 0.00 1.44 0.00
-ve -927.72 0.00 0.00 -343.99 -25.75 -3846.65
Right Support
2056 1115 +ve 0.00 2341.49 23.10 1038.14 74.94 5811.16
- 24 NORMAL27 SEISMIC 24 NORMAL CA30 WIND WI 24 NORMAL CASE WITH ULS FACTOR
-ve -964.27 0.00 -87.22 0.00 -44.33 0
24 NORMAL CASE - 24 NORMAL - 27 SEISMIC -
Total
2056 1115 +ve 0.00 2341.49 23.10 1038.14 74.94 5811.16
-ve -964.27 0.00 -87.22 0.00 -44.33 0.00
Beam No.
CB11A/CB11B CB11B Remarks
Unit Left
CB11B MIDSPAN
RIGHT/CB11C

Width of Beam b 2000 2000 2000


Depth of Beam D 1450 1450 1450
Effective Depth d 1350 1350 1352
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 7354.55 0.00 5811.16
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 1391.52 343.99 1038.14
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 1411.99 349.05 1053.40
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 8766.53 349.05 6864.56
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 2.41 0.10 1.88
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 6.65 6.65 6.65
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pt,Lim % 0.59 0.02 0.45
pt2 % 0.00 0.00 0.00
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 0.59 0.02 0.45
d' mm 68.00 68.00 66.00
d'/d mm 0.05 0.05 0.05
fsc N/mm2 423.79 423.79 424.04 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.339 0.339 0.339 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 15860.8 9164.1 12225.6
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 32 0 32
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 32 0 0
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at first layer = 18 18 18
Nos. of bars at second layer = 18 0 18
Nos. of bars at third layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 28953 14476 28953
Ast, provided (%) 1.00 0.50 1.00
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 0.00 3846.65 0.00
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 1391.52 343.99 1038.14
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 1411.99 349.05 1053.40
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 1411.99 4195.70 1053.40
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.39 1.15 0.29
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 6.65 6.65 6.65
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.09 0.27 0.07
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.339 0.339 0.339
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 9164.1 9164.1 9177.7
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 0 32 0
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 0 0 0
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 18 18 18
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 0 9 0
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 14476 21715 14476
Ast, provided (%) 0.50 0.75 0.50
OK OK OK
CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]
LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kN-mMoment-Y kN-mMoment-Z kN-m
8550 6 577 -0.255 48.744 3.771 3.191 1.418 -65.801
8550 6 6275 0.255 -36.782 -3.771 -3.191 1.046 37.861
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNm Moment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL
0 0 0 48.74 0 0 0 -65.801

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
8501 6 6229 -23.984 -73.522 -2.134 -16.212 1.202 49.432
7133 23.984 79.705 2.134 16.212 0.871 -123.884

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNm Moment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL
0 0 0 -73.52 0 0 0 49.432
0 0 79.71 0 0 0 -123.884

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 3132.88 580.33 2341.49
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 3132.88 580.33 2341.49
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 48.74 79.71
Mh kN-m 15170.24 15195.43
Ms kN-m 8043.21 8055.81
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 8182.27 8208.82
Shear stress N/mm2 3.030 0.215 3.036
% of tensile steel % 1.072 0.536 1.071
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 0.814 0.646 0.814 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.780 0.780 0.780 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)

Dist enhancement factor 1.000 1.000 1.000


Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.635 0.504 0.635
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 10
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 2 2 2
Asv provided mm2 226.2 226.2 157.1
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 122.99 122.99 85.41 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 17.60 444.74 12.20 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 100 150 100
Hence Hence Not O.K. Hence O.K. Hence Not O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.
Side face Reinforcement
Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as mentioned in
clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 2000 * 1350/100 = 1350.0 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 8.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 904.8 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 146.0 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
108 72 +ve 0 2344.187 0 0 289.254 5474.512
- 32 NORMAL- - 32 NORMAL 32 NORMAL CASE WITH SLS FACTOR
-ve -1059.052 0 -64.264 -40.989 0 0
32 NORMAL CASE - 32 NORMAL 32 NORMAL CA- -
Total
108 72 +ve 0.00 2344.19 0.00 0.00 289.25 5474.51
-ve -1059.05 0.00 -64.26 -40.99 0.00 0.00
Details of main reinforcements
Distance of Stress at
Effective Max. Stress at
Diameter CG from SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d outer surface
(mm) Bottom condition Bars (mm)
(mm) (Mpa)
(mm) (Mpa)
b1 32 18 14476.5 1382.00 156.00 109.65
b2 32 18 14476.5 1318.00 145.65
1350.00 12.038
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 0 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
28952.9
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 5.60
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 25.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 366.99 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 417.00 mm
Total compression = 5019.73 kN
Total tension = 4366.81 kN
Moment = 5474.51 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 156 / 200000 = 0.00078


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1450.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1382.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1450.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 417.0 mm
Width of section, b = 2000.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 2000 * 1033 * 1033 / (3 * 200000 * 28952.92 * 965) = 0.00013

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*2000*1450*1033/(0.00078*28952.92*1033)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00020
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00083
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00071
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 71.35 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  dc 
= 3 * 71.35 * 0.00071 / (1 + 2 * 19.35 / 933) = 0.145 mm
< 0.25 mm OK
Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
113 1238 +ve 0.00 117.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
- 32 NORMAL - - -
-
32 NORMAL
-ve -1069.12 0.00 -8.24 -40.99 -61.83 CASE WITH
-2957.17
SLS
32 NORMAL CASE WI- 32 NORMAL C 32 NORMAL CASE 32 NORMAL CFACTOR
Total
113 1238 +ve 0.00 117.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
-ve -1069.12 0.00 -8.24 -40.99 -61.83 -2957.17
Details of main reinforcements
Distance of Stress at
Effective Max. Stress at
Diameter CG from SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d outer surface
(mm) Bottom condition Bars (mm)
(mm) (Mpa)
(mm) (Mpa)
b1 32 18 14476.5 1382.00 111.72 109.65
b2 32 9 7238.2 1318.00 104.79
1350.00 6.778
b3 0 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 0 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
21714.7
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 5.60
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 25.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 366.99 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 350.49 mm
Total compression = 2375.74 kN
Total tension = 2375.74 kN
Moment = 2957.17 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 111.72 / 200000 = 0.00056


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1450.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1382.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1450.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 350.5 mm
Width of section, b = 2000.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 2000 * 1099.51 * 1099.51 / (3 * 200000 * 21714.69 * 1031.51) = 0.00018

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*2000*1450*1099.51/(0.00056*21714.69*1099.51)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00036
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00060
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00042
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 71.35 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  dc 
= 3 * 71.35 * 0.00042 / (1 + 2 * 19.35 / 999.51) = 0.086 mm
< 0.25 mm OK
Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
2072 1136 +ve 0 0 69.766 0 56.881 4267.218
- - 32 NORMAL - 32 NORMAL 32 NORMAL CASE WITH SLS FACTOR
-ve -741.243 -1720.274 0 -743.969 0 0
32 NORMAL CASE 32 NORMAL- 32 NORMAL CA- -
Total
2072 1136 +ve 0.00 0.00 69.77 0.00 56.88 4267.22
-ve -741.24 -1720.27 0.00 -743.97 0.00 0.00
Details of main reinforcements
Distance of Stress at
Effective Max. Stress at
Diameter CG from SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d outer surface
(mm) Bottom condition Bars (mm)
(mm) (Mpa)
(mm) (Mpa)
b1 32 18 14476.5 1384.00 124.67 109.88
b2 32 18 14476.5 1320.00 116.61
1352.00 8.863
b3 0 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 0 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
28952.9
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 5.60
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 25.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 367.53 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 394.10 mm
Total compression = 3492.84 kN
Total tension = 3492.84 kN
Moment = 4267.22 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 124.67 / 200000 = 0.00062


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1450.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1384.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1450.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 394.1 mm
Width of section, b = 2000.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 2000 * 1055.9 * 1055.9 / (3 * 200000 * 28952.92 * 989.9) = 0.00013

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*2000*1450*1055.9/(0.00062*28952.92*1055.9)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00024
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00066
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00054
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.88 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 66.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 50.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  dc 
= 3 * 69.88 * 0.00054 / (1 + 2 * 19.88 / 957.9) = 0.108 mm
< 0.25 mm OK
Beam number = IB74
Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 50 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 4m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
1966 961 +ve 0.00 3572.90 53.24 254.45 0.00 9192.58
- 24 NORMAL29 LWR CASE29 LWR CASE W- 28 SEISMIC TRANS CASE WITH ULS FACTOR
-ve -1879.33 0.00 -45.46 0.00 -555.05 0
24 NORMAL CASE - 28 SEISMIC - 29 LWR CAS-
Total
1966 961 +ve 0.00 3572.90 53.24 254.45 0.00 9192.58
-ve -1879.33 0.00 -45.46 0.00 -555.05 0.00
Span Moment
1972 967 +ve 0.00 812.16 0.39 0.00 0.00 0.00
- 28 SEISMIC 27 SEISMIC L - - -
-ve -1899.13 0.00 -40.45 -254.44 -283.92 -4699.08
24 NORMAL CASE WI- 29 LWR CASE 29 LWR CASE WI29 LWR CASE24 NORMAL CASE WITH ULS FACTOR
Total
1972 967 +ve 0.00 812.16 0.39 0.00 0.00 0.00
-ve -1899.13 0.00 -40.45 -254.44 -283.92 -4699.08
Right Support
2053 972 +ve 0.00 0.00
6.31 0.00 92.18 7765.14
- - 27 SEISMIC - 27 SEISMIC 28 SEISMIC TRANS CASE WITH ULS FACTOR
-ve -1934.11 -2761.15 -96.42 -254.44 -34.92 0
24 NORMAL CASE 24 NORMAL29 LWR CASE29 LWR CASE W30 WIND WI -
Total
2053 972 +ve 0.00 0.00 6.31 0.00 92.18 7765.14
-ve -1934.11 -2761.15 -96.42 -254.44 -34.92 0.00
Beam No.
CB11A/CB11B CB11B Remarks
Unit Left
CB11B MIDSPAN
RIGHT/CB11C

Width of Beam b 2000 2000 2000


Depth of Beam D 1450 1450 1450
Effective Depth d 1350 1350 1352
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 9192.58 0.00 7765.14
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 254.45 254.44 254.44
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 258.19 258.18 258.18
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 9450.77 258.18 8023.32
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 2.59 0.07 2.19
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 6.65 6.65 6.65
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pt,Lim % 0.64 0.02 0.53
pt2 % 0.00 0.00 0.00
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 0.64 0.02 0.53
d' mm 68.00 68.00 66.00
d'/d mm 0.05 0.05 0.05
fsc N/mm2 423.79 423.79 424.04 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.339 0.339 0.339 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 17188.6 9164.1 14411.3
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 32 0 32
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 32 0 0
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at first layer = 16 16 16
Nos. of bars at second layer = 16 0 16
Nos. of bars at third layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 25736 12868 25736
Ast, provided (%) 0.89 0.44 0.89
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 0.00 4699.08 0.00
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 254.45 254.44 254.44
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 258.19 258.18 258.18
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 258.19 4957.26 258.18
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.07 1.36 0.07
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 6.65 6.65 6.65
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.02 0.32 0.02
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.339 0.339 0.339
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 9164.1 9164.1 9177.7
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 0 32 0
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 0 0 0
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 16 16 16
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 0 16 0
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 12868 25736 12868
Ast, provided (%) 0.44 0.89 0.44
OK OK OK
CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]
LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kN-mMoment-Y kN-mMoment-Z kN-m
8550 6 577 -0.255 48.744 3.771 3.191 1.418 -65.801
8550 6 6275 0.255 -36.782 -3.771 -3.191 1.046 37.861
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNm Moment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL
0 0 0 48.74 0 0 0 -65.801

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
8501 6 6229 -23.984 -73.522 -2.134 -16.212 1.202 49.432
7133 23.984 79.705 2.134 16.212 0.871 -123.884

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNm Moment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL
0 0 0 -73.52 0 0 0 49.432
0 0 79.71 0 0 0 -123.884

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 3572.90 812.16 2761.15
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 3572.90 812.16 2761.15
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 48.74 79.71
Mh kN-m 13665.64 13688.03
Ms kN-m 7194.76 7205.96
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 7357.72 7384.76
Shear stress N/mm2 2.725 0.301 2.731
% of tensile steel % 0.953 0.477 0.952
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 0.783 0.622 0.783 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.780 0.780 0.780 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)

Dist enhancement factor 1.000 1.000 1.000


Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.611 0.485 0.610
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 10
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 2 2 2
Asv provided mm2 226.2 226.2 157.1
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 122.99 122.99 85.41 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 19.57 227.87 13.55 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 100 150 100
Hence Hence Not O.K. Hence O.K. Hence Not O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.
Side face Reinforcement
Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as mentioned in
clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 2000 * 1350/100 = 1350.0 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 8.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 904.8 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 146.0 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
1966 961 +ve 0 2668.385 0 83.369 0 6322.119
- 32 NORMAL- 32 NORMAL CA- 32 NORMAL CASE WITH SLS FACTOR
-ve -1437.907 0 -12.95 0 -157.442 0
32 NORMAL CASE - 32 NORMAL - 32 NORMAL -
Total
1966 961 +ve 0.00 2668.39 0.00 83.37 0.00 6322.12
-ve -1437.91 0.00 -12.95 0.00 -157.44 0.00
Details of main reinforcements
Distance of Stress at
Effective Max. Stress at
Diameter CG from SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d outer surface
(mm) Bottom condition Bars (mm)
(mm) (Mpa)
(mm) (Mpa)
b1 32 16 12868.0 1382.00 206.93 124.27
b2 32 16 12868.0 1318.00 193.78
1350.00 13.755
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 0 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
25735.9
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 5.60
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 25.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 366.99 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 374.88 mm
Total compression = 5156.33 kN
Total tension = 5156.33 kN
Moment = 6322.12 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 206.93 / 200000 = 0.00103


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1450.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1382.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1450.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 374.9 mm
Width of section, b = 2000.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 2000 * 1075.12 * 1075.12 / (3 * 200000 * 25735.93 * 1007.12) = 0.00015

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*2000*1450*1075.12/(0.00103*25735.93*1075.12)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00017
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00110
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00096
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 76.11 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  dc 
= 3 * 76.11 * 0.00096 / (1 + 2 * 24.11 / 975.12) = 0.208 mm
< 0.25 mm OK
Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
1972 967 +ve 0.00 418.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
- 32 NORMAL - - -
-
32 NORMAL
-ve -1452.75 0.00 -14.86 -83.36 -127.91 CASE WITH
-3503.28
SLS
32 NORMAL CASE WI- 32 NORMAL C 32 NORMAL CASE 32 NORMAL CFACTOR
Total
1972 967 +ve 0.00 418.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
-ve -1452.75 0.00 -14.86 -83.36 -127.91 -3503.28
Details of main reinforcements
Distance of Stress at
Effective Max. Stress at
Diameter CG from SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d outer surface
(mm) Bottom condition Bars (mm)
(mm) (Mpa)
(mm) (Mpa)
b1 32 16 12868.0 1382.00 114.67 124.27
b2 32 16 12868.0 1318.00 107.38
1350.00 7.622
b3 0 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 0 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
25735.9
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 5.60
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 25.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 366.99 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 374.88 mm
Total compression = 2857.28 kN
Total tension = 2857.28 kN
Moment = 3503.28 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 114.67 / 200000 = 0.00057


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1450.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1382.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1450.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 374.9 mm
Width of section, b = 2000.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 2000 * 1075.12 * 1075.12 / (3 * 200000 * 25735.93 * 1007.12) = 0.00015

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*2000*1450*1075.12/(0.00057*25735.93*1075.12)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00030
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00061
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00046
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 76.11 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  dc 
= 3 * 76.11 * 0.00046 / (1 + 2 * 24.11 / 975.12) = 0.101 mm
< 0.25 mm OK
Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
2053 972 +ve 0 0 0 0 0 5020.863
- - - - - 32 NORMAL CASE WITH SLS FACTOR
-ve -1479.001 -2071.607 -71.604 -83.359 -23.9 0
32 NORMAL CASE 32 NORMAL32 NORMAL 32 NORMAL CA32 NORMAL -
Total
2053 972 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5020.86
-ve -1479.00 -2071.61 -71.60 -83.36 -23.90 0.00
Details of main reinforcements
Distance of Stress at
Effective Max. Stress at
Diameter CG from SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d outer surface
(mm) Bottom condition Bars (mm)
(mm) (Mpa)
(mm) (Mpa)
b1 32 16 12868.0 1384.00 164.08 124.53
b2 32 16 12868.0 1320.00 153.67
1352.00 10.897
b3 0 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 0 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
25735.9
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 5.60
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 25.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 367.53 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 375.20 mm
Total compression = 4088.71 kN
Total tension = 4088.71 kN
Moment = 5020.86 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 164.08 / 200000 = 0.00082


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1450.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1384.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1450.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 375.2 mm
Width of section, b = 2000.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 2000 * 1074.8 * 1074.8 / (3 * 200000 * 25735.93 * 1008.8) = 0.00015

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*2000*1450*1074.8/(0.00082*25735.93*1074.8)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00021
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00087
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00073
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 74.74 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 66.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 50.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  dc 
= 3 * 74.74 * 0.00073 / (1 + 2 * 24.74 / 976.8) = 0.155 mm
< 0.25 mm OK
Beam number = IB74
Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 50 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 4m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
1076 671 +ve 0.00 0.00 84.58 0.00 662.26 8377.66
- - 30 WIND WIT- 29 LWR CAS28 SEISMIC TRANS CASE WITH ULS FACTOR
-ve -1402.42 -3085.22 -307.63 -195.02 -620.38 0
24 NORMAL CASE 24 NORMAL27 SEISMIC 25 SEISMIC VE 27 SEISMIC -
Total
1076 671 +ve 0.00 0.00 84.58 0.00 662.26 8377.66
-ve -1402.42 -3085.22 -307.63 -195.02 -620.38 0.00
Span Moment
1081 675 +ve 0.00 0.00 87.93 206.05 362.61 0.00
- - 27 SEISMIC L 28 SEISMIC TRA 27 SEISMIC -
-ve -1409.66 -384.50 -120.61 0.00 -56.97 -4029.40
24 NORMAL CASE WI28 SEISMIC 24 NORMAL C - 31 VEHICLE 24 NORMAL CASE WITH ULS FACTOR
Total
1081 675 +ve 0.00 0.00 87.93 206.05 362.61 0.00
-ve -1409.66 -384.50 -120.61 0.00 -56.97 -4029.40
Right Support
1086 681 +ve 0.00 0.00
127.98 0.00 161.62 7135.89
- - 30 WIND WIT- 30 WIND WI 28 SEISMIC TRANS CASE WITH ULS FACTOR
-ve -1427.07 -2690.84 -144.37 -1020.88 -22.57 0
24 NORMAL CASE 24 NORMAL27 SEISMIC 29 LWR CASE W27 SEISMIC -
Total
1086 681 +ve 0.00 0.00 127.98 0.00 161.62 7135.89
-ve -1427.07 -2690.84 -144.37 -1020.88 -22.57 0.00
Beam No.
CB11A/CB11B CB11B Remarks
Unit Left
CB11B MIDSPAN
RIGHT/CB11C

Width of Beam b 2000 2000 2000


Depth of Beam D 1450 1450 1450
Effective Depth d 1350 1350 1352
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 8377.66 0.00 7135.89
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 195.02 206.05 1020.88
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 197.89 209.08 1035.90
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 8575.54 209.08 8171.78
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 2.35 0.06 2.24
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 6.65 6.65 6.65
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pt,Lim % 0.57 0.01 0.54
pt2 % 0.00 0.00 0.00
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 0.57 0.01 0.54
d' mm 68.00 68.00 66.00
d'/d mm 0.05 0.05 0.05
fsc N/mm2 423.79 423.79 424.04 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.339 0.339 0.339 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 15492.8 9164.1 14694.2
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 32 0 32
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 32 0 0
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at first layer = 16 16 16
Nos. of bars at second layer = 16 0 16
Nos. of bars at third layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 25736 12868 25736
Ast, provided (%) 0.89 0.44 0.89
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 0.00 4029.40 0.00
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 195.02 206.05 1020.88
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 197.89 209.08 1035.90
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 197.89 4238.48 1035.90
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.05 1.16 0.28
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 6.65 6.65 6.65
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.01 0.27 0.07
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.339 0.339 0.339
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 9164.1 9164.1 9177.7
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 0 32 0
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 0 0 0
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 16 16 16
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 0 16 0
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 12868 25736 12868
Ast, provided (%) 0.44 0.89 0.44
OK OK OK
CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]
LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kN-mMoment-Y kN-mMoment-Z kN-m
8550 6 577 -0.255 48.744 3.771 3.191 1.418 -65.801
8550 6 6275 0.255 -36.782 -3.771 -3.191 1.046 37.861
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNm Moment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL
0 0 0 48.74 0 0 0 -65.801

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
8501 6 6229 -23.984 -73.522 -2.134 -16.212 1.202 49.432
7133 23.984 79.705 2.134 16.212 0.871 -123.884

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNm Moment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL
0 0 0 -73.52 0 0 0 49.432
0 0 79.71 0 0 0 -123.884

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 3085.22 384.50 2690.84
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 3085.22 384.50 2690.84
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 48.74 79.71
Mh kN-m 13665.64 13688.03
Ms kN-m 7194.76 7205.96
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 7357.72 7384.76
Shear stress N/mm2 2.725 0.142 2.731
% of tensile steel % 0.953 0.477 0.952
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 0.783 0.622 0.783 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.780 0.780 0.780 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)

Dist enhancement factor 1.000 1.000 1.000


Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.611 0.485 0.610
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 10
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 2 2 2
Asv provided mm2 226.2 226.2 157.1
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 122.99 122.99 85.41 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 19.57 855.50 13.55 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 100 150 100
Hence Hence Not O.K. Hence O.K. Hence Not O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.
Side face Reinforcement
Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as mentioned in
clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 2000 * 1350/100 = 1350.0 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 8.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 904.8 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 146.0 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
1077 671 +ve 0 2369.061 0 158.406 382.9 5602.597
- 32 NORMAL- 32 NORMAL CA32 NORMAL 32 NORMAL CASE WITH SLS FACTOR
-ve -1071.125 0 -69.172 0 0 0
32 NORMAL CASE - 32 NORMAL - - -
Total
1077 671 +ve 0.00 2369.06 0.00 158.41 382.90 5602.60
-ve -1071.13 0.00 -69.17 0.00 0.00 0.00
Details of main reinforcements
Distance of Stress at
Effective Max. Stress at
Diameter CG from SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d outer surface
(mm) Bottom condition Bars (mm)
(mm) (Mpa)
(mm) (Mpa)
b1 32 16 12868.0 1382.00 183.38 124.27
b2 32 16 12868.0 1318.00 171.73
1350.00 12.189
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 0 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
25735.9
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 5.60
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 25.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 366.99 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 374.88 mm
Total compression = 4569.48 kN
Total tension = 4569.48 kN
Moment = 5602.60 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 183.38 / 200000 = 0.00092


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1450.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1382.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1450.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 374.9 mm
Width of section, b = 2000.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 2000 * 1075.12 * 1075.12 / (3 * 200000 * 25735.93 * 1007.12) = 0.00015

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*2000*1450*1075.12/(0.00092*25735.93*1075.12)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00019
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00098
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00083
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 76.11 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  dc 
= 3 * 76.11 * 0.00083 / (1 + 2 * 24.11 / 975.12) = 0.181 mm
< 0.25 mm OK
Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
1073 667 +ve 0.00 0.00 71.91 0.00 0.00 0.00
- - 32 NORMAL C - - -
32 NORMAL
-ve -1075.91 -425.04 0.00 -158.41 -44.26 CASE WITH
-3090.32
SLS
32 NORMAL CASE WI32 NORMAL - 32 NORMAL CASE 32 NORMAL CFACTOR
Total
1073 667 +ve 0.00 0.00 71.91 0.00 0.00 0.00
-ve -1075.91 -425.04 0.00 -158.41 -44.26 -3090.32
Details of main reinforcements
Distance of Stress at
Effective Max. Stress at
Diameter CG from SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d outer surface
(mm) Bottom condition Bars (mm)
(mm) (Mpa)
(mm) (Mpa)
b1 32 16 12868.0 1382.00 101.15 124.27
b2 32 16 12868.0 1318.00 94.72
1350.00 6.723
b3 0 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 0 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
25735.9
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 5.60
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 25.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 366.99 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 374.88 mm
Total compression = 2520.46 kN
Total tension = 2520.46 kN
Moment = 3090.32 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 101.15 / 200000 = 0.00051


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1450.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1382.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1450.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 374.9 mm
Width of section, b = 2000.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 2000 * 1075.12 * 1075.12 / (3 * 200000 * 25735.93 * 1007.12) = 0.00015

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*2000*1450*1075.12/(0.00051*25735.93*1075.12)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00034
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00054
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00039
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 76.11 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  dc 
= 3 * 76.11 * 0.00039 / (1 + 2 * 24.11 / 975.12) = 0.085 mm
< 0.25 mm OK
Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
1067 661 +ve 0 2071.77 0 668.192 130.329 4648.53
- 32 NORMAL- 32 NORMAL CA32 NORMAL 32 NORMAL CASE WITH SLS FACTOR
-ve -1089.73 0 -102.491 0 0 0
32 NORMAL CASE - 32 NORMAL - - -
Total
1067 661 +ve 0.00 2071.77 0.00 668.19 130.33 4648.53
-ve -1089.73 0.00 -102.49 0.00 0.00 0.00
Details of main reinforcements
Distance of Stress at
Effective Max. Stress at
Diameter CG from SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d outer surface
(mm) Bottom condition Bars (mm)
(mm) (Mpa)
(mm) (Mpa)
b1 32 16 12868.0 1384.00 151.91 124.53
b2 32 16 12868.0 1320.00 142.27
1352.00 10.089
b3 0 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 0 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
25735.9
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 5.60
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 25.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 367.53 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 375.20 mm
Total compression = 3785.51 kN
Total tension = 3785.51 kN
Moment = 4648.53 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 151.91 / 200000 = 0.00076


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1450.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1384.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1450.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 375.2 mm
Width of section, b = 2000.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 2000 * 1074.8 * 1074.8 / (3 * 200000 * 25735.93 * 1008.8) = 0.00015

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*2000*1450*1074.8/(0.00076*25735.93*1074.8)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00023
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00081
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00066
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 74.74 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 66.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 50.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  dc 
= 3 * 74.74 * 0.00066 / (1 + 2 * 24.74 / 976.8) = 0.141 mm
< 0.25 mm OK
Beam number = IB74
Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 45 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 15 m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
1411 128 +ve 826.61 0.00 386.38 1137.43 29.27 6841.96
124 COMBINATION -1. 105 COMBINAT 103 COMBINATIO 104 COMBINATION 124 1 COMBINATION 1.25DL + 1.5SIDL + 0.5LL-DSDT + 0.5TF + 0
-ve -255.90 -3717.35 0.00 0.00 -361.12 0
135 COMBINATION 1 004 COMBINA - - 132 COMBINATION -1
Total
1411 128 +ve 826.61 0.00 386.38 1137.43 29.27 6841.96
-ve -255.90 -3717.35 0.00 0.00 -361.12 0.00
Span Moment
1410 636 +ve 502.17 0.00 71.34 548.11 0.06 0.00
124 COMBINATION -1. 110 COMBINAT 103 COMBINATIO 133 COMBINATION -1
-ve 0.00 -835.01 0.00 0.00 -2032.53 -14902.711
- 102 COMBINA - - 134 COMBINATION 104 0 COMBINATION 1.25DL + 2SIDL + 1.75LL-DSDT + 1.
Total
1410 636 +ve 502.17 0.00 71.34 548.11 0.06 0.00
-ve 0.00 -835.01 0.00 0.00 -2032.53 -14902.71
Right Support
1412 466 +ve 807.03 0.00 0.03 0.00 361.58 8417.26
115 COMBINATION -1. 127 COMBINAT - 132 COMBINATION 104 1 COMBINATION 1.25DL + 2SIDL + 1.75LL-DSDT + 1.75TF + 1
-ve -242.97 -6426.68 -507.56 -1264.93 0.00 0
137 COMBINATION 104 0. COMBINA 136 COMBINAT 103 COMBINATIO - -
Total
1412 466 +ve 807.03 0.00 0.03 0.00 361.58 8417.26
-ve -242.97 -6426.68 -507.56 -1264.93 0.00 0.00
Beam No.
CB11A/CB11B Remarks
Unit Left
CB11B MIDSPAN CB11B RIGHT/CB11C

Width of Beam b 3200 3200 3200


Depth of Beam D 1800 1800 1800
Effective Depth d 1732 1692 1732
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 6841.96 0.00 8417.26
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 1137.43 548.11 1264.93
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 1045.43 503.78 1162.62
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 7887.39 503.78 9579.87
Mu/bd 2
N/mm2 0.82 0.05 1.00
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.99 5.99 5.99
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pt,Lim % 0.19 0.01 0.24
pt2 % 0.00 0.00 0.00
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 0.19 0.01 0.24
d' mm 68.00 68.00 68.00
d'/d mm 0.04 0.04 0.04
fsc N/mm2 425.45 425.32 425.45 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.322 0.322 0.322 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 17846.2 17434.0 17846.2
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 0 0 0
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 0 0 0
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at first layer = 28 28 28
Nos. of bars at second layer = 3 0 2
Nos. of bars at third layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 22519 22519 22519
Ast, provided (%) 0.39 0.39 0.39
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 0.00 14902.71 0.00
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 1137.43 548.11 1264.93
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 1045.43 503.78 1162.62
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 1045.43 15406.49 1162.62
Mu/bd 2
N/mm2 0.11 1.68 0.12
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.99 5.99 5.99
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.03 0.40 0.03
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.322 0.322 0.322
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 17846.2 21919.5 17846.2
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 0 20 0
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 0 0 0
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 28 28 28
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 0 28 0
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 22519 31315 22519
Ast, provided (%) 0.39 0.54 0.39
OK OK OK

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 3717.35 835.01 6426.68
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 548.11 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 274.06 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 3717.35 1109.06 6426.68
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 860.71 2065.84
Mh kN-m 16196.45 16196.45
Ms kN-m 16196.45 16196.45
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 3884.05 5089.18
Shear stress N/mm2 0.701 0.205 1.160
% of tensile steel % 0.406 0.416 0.406
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 0.569 0.573 0.569 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.733 0.737 0.733 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)

Dist enhancement factor 1.000 1.000 1.000


Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.417 0.423 0.417
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 12
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 4 4 4
Asv provided mm2 452.4 452.4 452.4
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 153.74 153.74 153.74 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 89.95 337.88 53.83 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 100 150 100
Hence Hence Not O.K. Hence O.K. Hence Not O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.
Side face Reinforcement
Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as mentioned in clause
15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 3200 * 1732/100 = 2771.2 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 8.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 904.8 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 184.9 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
1411 128 +ve 0 0 107.353 703.638 18.216 1262.262
- - 1002 1.1LL- 1002 1.1LL-SSD1003 1.1LL-DSDT+11003 1.1LL-DSDT+1.1TF+1.1BF+1.1CFDSDT
-ve -14.043 -717.259 0 0 0 0
1004 1.1LL-DSST+1 1003 1.1LL - - - -
Total
1411 128 +ve 0.00 0.00 107.35 703.64 18.22 1262.26
-ve -14.04 -717.26 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Details of main reinforcements
Distance of
Effective Max. Stress at
Diameter CG from Stress at SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d outer surface
(mm) Bottom condition (Mpa) Bars (mm)
(mm) (Mpa)
(mm)
b1 32 28 22518.9 1732.00 34.69 113.48
b2 0 3 0.0 0.00 0.00
1732.00 1.402
b3 0 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 0 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
22518.9
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 6.22
Max stress in concrete s cbc =0.5*fck = 22.50 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 470.83 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 348.12 mm
Total compression = 781.12 kN
Total tension = 781.12 kN
Moment = 1262.26 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 34.69 / 200000 = 0.00017


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1800.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1732.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1800.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 348.1 mm
Width of section, b = 3200.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 3200 * 1451.88 * 1451.88 / (3 * 200000 * 22518.94 * 1383.88) = 0.00036

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.500
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*3200*1800*1451.88/(0.00017*22518.94*1451.88)*(1-0.5)*10^-9) = 0.00280
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00018
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00000
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 72.56 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  dc 
= 3 * 72.56 * 0 / (1 + 2 * 20.56 / 1383.88) = 0.000 mm
< 0.25 mm OK
Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
1410 636 +ve 50.798 0 41.766 338.399 0 0
1003 1.1LL-DSDT+1- 1002 1.1LL- 1002 1.1LL-SSD- -
-ve 0 -285.406 0 0 -668.125 -3636.717
- 1004 1.1LL - - 1002 1.1LL-SSDT+11003 1.1LL-DSDT+1.1TF+1.1BF+1.1CFDSDT
Total
1410 636 +ve 50.80 0.00 41.77 338.40 0.00 0.00
-ve 0.00 -285.41 0.00 0.00 -668.13 -3636.72
Details of main reinforcements
Distance of
Effective Max. Stress at
Diameter CG from Stress at SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d outer surface
(mm) Bottom condition (Mpa) Bars (mm)
(mm) (Mpa)
(mm)
b1 32 28 22518.9 1732.00 73.78 113.48
b2 20 28 8796.5 1692.00 71.57
1692.00 3.572
b3 0 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 0 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
31315.4
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 6.22
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 22.50 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 459.96 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 400.92 mm
Total compression = 2291.03 kN
Total tension = 2291.03 kN
Moment = 3636.72 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 73.78 / 200000 = 0.00037


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1800.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1732.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1800.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 400.9 mm
Width of section, b = 3200.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 3200 * 1399.08 * 1399.08 / (3 * 200000 * 31315.4 * 1331.08) = 0.00025

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.550
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*3200*1800*1399.08/(0.00037*31315.4*1399.08)*(1-0.55)*10^-9) = 0.00085
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00039
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00014
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 72.56 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  dc 
= 3 * 72.56 * 0.00014 / (1 + 2 * 20.56 / 1291.08) = 0.029 mm
< 0.25 mm OK
Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
1412 466 +ve 232.025 0 0 0 56.374 2303.455
1003 1.1LL-DSDT+1- - - 1003 1.1LL-DSDT+11003 1.1LL-DSDT+1.1TF+1.1BF+1.1CFDSDT
-ve 0 -1721.537 -161.915 -778.474 0 0
- 1003 1.1LL 1003 1.1LL- 1002 1.1LL-SSD- -
Total
1412 466 +ve 232.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 56.37 2303.46
-ve 0.00 -1721.54 -161.92 -778.47 0.00 0.00
Details of main reinforcements
Distance of
Effective Max. Stress at
Diameter CG from Stress at SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d outer surface
(mm) Bottom condition (Mpa) Bars (mm)
(mm) (Mpa)
(mm)
b1 32 28 22518.9 1732.00 63.30 113.48
b2 0 2 0.0 0.00 0.00
1732.00 2.559
b3 0 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 0 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
22518.9
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 6.22
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 22.50 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 470.83 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 348.12 mm
Total compression = 1425.44 kN
Total tension = 1425.44 kN
Moment = 2303.46 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 63.3 / 200000 = 0.00032


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1800.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1732.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1800.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 348.1 mm
Width of section, b = 3200.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 3200 * 1451.88 * 1451.88 / (3 * 200000 * 22518.94 * 1383.88) = 0.00036

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*3200*1800*1451.88/(0.00032*22518.94*1451.88)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00123
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00033
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00000
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 72.56 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  dc 
= 3 * 72.56 * 0 / (1 + 2 * 20.56 / 1383.88) = 0.000 mm
< 0.25 mm OK
68

Beam number = CB28B GRID MKD = J-K


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 40 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 17 m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
18 28 +ve 0.00 3039.06 36.89 3.65 211.68 10979.43
- 2101 NORMA 2213 SEISM2213 SEISM2205 SEISM 2201 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2A
-ve -413.82 0.00 -45.75 -562.75 -156.51 0.00
2204 SEISMIC UNL - 2208 SEISM2208 SEISM2216 SEISM -
train load Multification factor = 1.75 0.00
18 28 +ve 22.86 0.00 3.70 19.19 13.38 0.92
790 LOAD GENERATIO - 65 LOAD GEN 643 LOAD GE 778 LOAD GE 359 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #359, (5
-ve -167.62 -13.89 -3.94 -1.31 -12.73 -116.28
729 LOAD GENERATIO 721 LOAD GE 456 LOAD GE 459 LOAD GE 643 LOAD GE 796 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #796, (1
Total
18 28 +ve 40.00 3039.06 43.36 37.23 235.10 10979.43
-ve -707.16 -24.31 -52.64 -565.04 -178.79 0.00
Span Moment
670 609 +ve 0.00 495.62 10.95 0.00 11.68 0.00
- 2204 SEISMI 2216 SEISMI - 2216 SEISMI -
-ve -402.22 -38.41 -26.43 -304.88 -51.99 -6062.82
2201 SEISMIC UNLOA2209 SEISMI 2205 SEISMI 2205 SEISMI 2205 SEISMI 2101 NORMAL LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 1.75
670 609 +ve 23.59 0.40 0.78 9.03 1.03 12.59
790 LOAD GENERATION360 LOAD GEN 641 LOAD GEN 643 LOAD GEN 50 LOAD GENE 734 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #734, (131 o
-ve -166.06 -10.71 -0.90 -6.03 -1.91 -14.43
729 LOAD GENERATION800 LOAD GEN 777 LOAD GEN 778 LOAD GEN 386 LOAD GEN 627 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #627, (24 of
Total
670 609 +ve 41.27 495.62 12.32 15.80 13.47 22.03
-ve -692.82 -38.41 -28.01 -315.43 -55.33 -6088.07
Right Support
671 31 +ve 0.00 0.0056.98 707.77 237.55 10528.07
- - 2208 SEISM2208 SEISM2208 SEISM 2204 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2A
-ve -391.70 -2835.87 -38.42 -35.64 -201.53 0
2201 SEISMIC UNL 2101 NORMA 2213 SEISM2213 SEISM2213 SEISM -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.75 0.00
671 31 +ve 24.55 0.87 3.65 2.42 16.93 95.23
790 LOAD GENERATIO 361 LOAD GE 376 LOAD GE 370 LOAD GE 643 LOAD GE 732 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #732, (1
-ve -165.23 -11.04 -2.80 -13.80 -13.61 -6.827
729 LOAD GENERATIO 813 LOAD GE 150 LOAD GE 778 LOAD GE 779 LOAD GE 361 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #361, (5
Total
671 31 +ve 42.97 1.52 63.37 712.01 267.17 10528.07
-ve -680.86 -2855.18 -43.32 -59.80 -225.35 0.00

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


69

Beam No.
28B LEFT at 28B right at Remarks
Unit face of 28B Midspan face of
column column
Width of Beam b 1400 1400 1400
Depth of Beam D 1500 1500 1500
Effective Depth d 1336 1368 1336
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 10979.43 22.03 10528.07
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 10979.43 22.03 10528.07
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 4.39 0.01 4.21
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pt,Lim % 1.19 0.00 1.13
pt2 % 0.00 0.00 0.00
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 1.19 0.00 1.13
d' mm 68.00 68.00 68.00
d'/d mm 0.05 0.05 0.05
fsc N/mm2 423.70 423.90 423.70 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.304 0.304 0.304 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 22181.8 5814.1 21089.1
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at first layer = 11 11 11
Nos. of bars at second layer = 11 0 11
Nos. of bars at third layer = 11 0 11
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 11 0 11
Ast,Provided 35387 8847 35387
Ast, provided (%) 1.69 0.42 1.69
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 0.00 6088.07 0.00
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 0.00 6088.07 0.00
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.00 2.32 0.00
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.00 0.58 0.00
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.304 0.304 0.304
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 11090.9 11024.6 10544.5
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 11 11 11
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 6 11 6
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 5 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 13672 21715 13672
Ast, provided (%) 0.65 1.03 0.65
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


70

CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]


LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y kNmMoment-Z kNm
18 5000 28 -235.283 2374.286 -4.637 -259.381 29.494 7866.254
375 235.283 -2098.449 4.637 259.381 -14.03 -407.97
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
18 721 375 105.148 13.892 -0.128 -11.641 1.018 64.3

TOTAL
18 375 105.148 2382.62 0 0 0 7904.834

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
671 5000 377 -234.526 -1587.995 10.736 320.975 -34.535 -2538.284
31 234.526 2219.476 -10.736 -320.975 -21.658 -7425.869

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
671 813 31 12.042 11.037 -0.325 6.329 -1.663 -87.333

TOTAL
671 31 12.042 -1581.37 0 0 0 -2590.6838
0 0 2226.10 0 0 0 -7425.869

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 3039.06 495.62 2855.18
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 3039.06 495.62 2855.18
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 2382.62 2226.10
Mh kN-m 15677.55 15677.55
Ms kN-m 7216.09 7216.09
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 4267.98 4111.46
Shear stress N/mm2 2.282 0.259 2.198
% of tensile steel % 1.892 0.462 1.892
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 0.914 0.571 0.914 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.782 0.778 0.782 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)
Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.715 0.444 0.715
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 12
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 6 6 6
Asv provided mm2 678.6 678.6 678.6
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 527.11 527.11 527.110.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 107.18 981.67 111.94bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 100 150 100
Hence Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


71

Side face Reinforcement


Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 1400 * 1336/100 = 935.2 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 10.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 1131.0 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 124.0 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
18 28 +ve 0 2122.262 0 0 26.586 7037.304
- 1101 NORMA - - 1101 NORMA1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve -213.705 0 -4.118 -199.295 0 0
1101 NORMAL LC1 - 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
18 28 +ve 22.859 0 3.696 19.187 13.383 0.921
790 LOAD GENERATIO - 65 LOAD GEN 643 LOAD GE 778 LOAD GE 359 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #359, (5
-ve -167.624 -13.892 -3.938 -1.311 -12.733 -116.275
729 LOAD GENERATIO 721 LOAD GE 456 LOAD GE 459 LOAD GE 643 LOAD GE 796 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #796, (1
Total
18 28 +ve 22.86 2122.26 3.70 19.19 39.97 7038.32
-ve -381.33 -15.28 -8.06 -200.61 -12.73 -127.90
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 11 8846.7 1432.00 191.19 126.40


b2 32 11 8846.7 1368.00 177.58
1336.00 16.195
b3 32 11 8846.7 1304.00 163.97
b4 32 11 8846.7 1240.00 150.35
35386.9
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 363.18 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 533.05 mm
Total compression = 6043.06 kN
Total tension = 6043.06 kN
Moment = 7038.32 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 191.19 / 200000 = 0.00096


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 533.0 mm
Width of section, b = 1400.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 1400 * 966.95 * 966.95 / (3 * 200000 * 35386.9 * 898.95) = 0.00007

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*1400*1500*966.95/(0.00096*35386.9*966.95)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00009
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00103
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00096
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 76.83 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


72

Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm


Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 76.83 * 0.00096 / (1 + 2 * 24.83 / 802.95) = 0.187 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


73

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
670 609 +ve 0.00 225.55 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
- 1101 NORMAL
- - - -

-ve -213.77 0.00 -7.99 -107.69 -21.61 1101 NORMAL


-4216.29
1101 NORMAL LC1 - 1101 NORMAL 1101 NORMAL 1101 NORMALLC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
670 609 +ve 23.585 0.402 0.783 9.028 1.027 12.588
790 LOAD GENERATIO360 LOAD GE 641 LOAD GE 643 LOAD GE 50 LOAD GEN 734 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #734, (1
-ve -166.057 -10.705 -0.9 -6.033 -1.907 -14.43

729 LOAD GENERATIO


800 LOAD GE
777 LOAD GE
778 LOAD GE
386 LOAD GE
627 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #627, (2
Total
670 609 +ve 23.59 225.99 0.78 9.03 1.03 13.85
-ve -379.83 -11.78 -8.89 -113.72 -23.52 -4232.17
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 11 8846.7 1432.00 166.29 126.40


b2 32 11 8846.7 1368.00 155.45
1368.00 10.884
b3 32 5 4021.2 1304.00 144.62
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
21714.7
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 371.88 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 449.94 mm
Total compression = 3427.88 kN
Total tension = 3427.88 kN
Moment = 4232.17 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 166.29 / 200000 = 0.00083


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 449.9 mm
Width of section, b = 1400.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 1400 * 1050.06 * 1050.06 / (3 * 200000 * 21714.69 * 982.06) = 0.00012

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*1400*1500*1050.06/(0.00083*21714.69*1050.06)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00018
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00089
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00077
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 76.83 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 76.83 * 0.00077 / (1 + 2 * 24.83 / 918.06) = 0.168 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


74

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
671 31 +ve 0 0 10.309 254.98 21.463 6606.663
- - 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve -213.266 -1973.523 0 0 0 0
1101 NORMAL LC1 1101 NORMA - - - -
TRAIN Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
671 31 +ve 24.553 0.868 3.647 2.42 16.926 95.23
790 LOAD GENERATIO 361 LOAD GE 376 LOAD GE 370 LOAD GE 643 LOAD GE 732 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #732, (1
-ve -165.234 -11.037 -2.802 -13.804 -13.61 -6.827
729 LOAD GENERATIO 813 LOAD GE 150 LOAD GE 778 LOAD GE 779 LOAD GE 361 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #361, (5
Total
671 31 +ve 24.55 0.95 13.96 257.40 38.39 6711.42
-ve -378.50 -1985.66 -2.80 -13.80 -13.61 -7.51
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 11 8846.7 1432.00 182.31 126.40


b2 32 11 8846.7 1368.00 169.33
1336.00 15.443
b3 32 11 8846.7 1304.00 156.35
b4 32 11 8846.7 1240.00 143.37
35386.9
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 363.18 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 533.05 mm
Total compression = 5762.39 kN
Total tension = 5762.39 kN
Moment = 6711.42 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 182.31 / 200000 = 0.00091


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 533.0 mm
Width of section, b = 1400.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 1400 * 966.95 * 966.95 / (3 * 200000 * 35386.9 * 898.95) = 0.00007

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*1400*1500*966.95/(0.00091*35386.9*966.95)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00010
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00098
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00091
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 76.83 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 76.83 * 0.00091 / (1 + 2 * 24.83 / 802.95) = 0.168 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


75

Deflection check in serviceability Limit State

Ref. staad file for deflection check at mid span of beam.

Deflection due to all loads except train load


Node L/C X-Trans Y-Trans mm Z-Trans mm Absolute mmX-Rotan rad Y-Rotan rad Z-Rotan rad
376 1101 0.334 -7.196 0.035 7.204 0 0 -0.001

Deflection due to train load


376 711 0.252 -0.294 0.206 0.438 0 0 0

ALL LOADS EXCLUDING TRAIN LOAD


LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 1101
ABSOLUTE DISPLACEMENT = 7.196 mm
TRAIN LOAD
LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 711
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT DUE TO MOVING LOAD = 0.294 mm
TOTAL DEFLECTION = 7.49 mm

ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION = MIN. OF (L/350 OR 20 mm) = 20 mm WHICH IS >7.49 mm


HENCE THE BEAM IS SAFE IN DEFLECTION.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


76

Beam number = CB28C GRID MKD = K-L


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 40 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 17 m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
19 31 +ve 0.00 2587.06 65.02 609.20 249.61 9676.97
- 2201 SEISM2205 SEISM2205 SEISM2213 SEISM 2201 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2A
-ve -464.96 0.00 -60.58 -483.08 -257.97 0.00
2204 SEISMIC UNL - 2216 SEISM2216 SEISM2208 SEISM -
train load Multification factor = 1.75 0.00
19 31 +ve 14.73 0.00 7.52 23.26 33.70 0.00
63 LOAD GENERATION - 156 LOAD GE 777 LOAD GE 365 LOAD GE -
-ve -111.11 -37.02 -8.40 -4.34 -28.39 -226.03
698 LOAD GENERATIO 692 LOAD GE 364 LOAD GE 371 LOAD GE 156 LOAD GE 690 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #690, (8
Total
19 31 +ve 25.78 2587.06 78.18 649.90 308.58 9676.97
-ve -659.40 -64.79 -75.28 -490.67 -307.65 0.00
Span Moment
600 347 +ve 0.00 778.39 66.69 385.59 297.35 0.00
- 2204 SEISMI 2216 SEISMI 2208 SEISMI 2216 SEISMI -
-ve -470.33 0.00 -70.40 -270.50 -305.84 -4813.31
2201 SEISMIC UNLOA- 2205 SEISMI 2213 SEISMI 2205 SEISMI 2201 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2A
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 1.75
600 347 +ve 14.57 0.00 4.70 14.50 22.50 85.19
63 LOAD GENERATION,- 158 LOAD GEN 150 LOAD GEN 159 LOAD GEN 698 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #698, (95 of
-ve -111.12 -31.16 -7.73 -4.84 -34.32 0.00
697 LOAD GENERATION692 LOAD GEN 402 LOAD GEN 371 LOAD GEN 401 LOAD GEN -
Total
600 347 +ve 25.50 778.39 74.92 410.96 336.72 149.09
-ve -664.78 0.00 -83.93 -278.97 -365.90 -4813.31
Right Support
821 38 +ve 0.00 0.0085.11 1175.77 247.45 8461.81
- - 2208 SEISM2216 SEISM2208 SEISM 2204 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2A
-ve -588.59 -2392.13 -76.69 -1222.72 -217.93 0
2201 SEISMIC UNL 2201 SEISM2213 SEISM2205 SEISM2213 SEISM -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.75 0.00
821 38 +ve 13.71 0.00 8.02 0.00 23.22 206.391
63 LOAD GENERATION - 650 LOAD GE - 650 LOAD GE 726 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #726, (1
-ve -120.86 -22.09 -5.32 -27.79 -14.89 0
697 LOAD GENERATIO 726 LOAD GE 131 LOAD GE 771 LOAD GE 131 LOAD GE -
Total
821 38 +ve 23.99 0.00 99.14 1175.77 288.09 8461.81
-ve -800.10 -2430.79 -85.99 -1271.34 -243.99 0.00

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


77

Beam No.
20C LEFT at 20C right at Remarks
Unit face of 20C Midspan face of
column column
Width of Beam b 1400 1400 1400
Depth of Beam D 1500 1500 1500
Effective Depth d 1336 1400 1368
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 9676.97 149.09 8461.81
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 9676.97 149.09 8461.81
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 3.87 0.05 3.23
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pt,Lim % 1.02 0.01 0.83
pt2 % 0.00 0.00 0.00
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 1.02 0.01 0.83
d' mm 68.00 68.00 68.00
d'/d mm 0.05 0.05 0.05
fsc N/mm2 423.70 424.08 423.90 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.304 0.304 0.304 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 19086.9 5950.1 15862.9
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at first layer = 11 11 11
Nos. of bars at second layer = 11 0 11
Nos. of bars at third layer = 11 0 11
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 11 0 0
Ast,Provided 35387 8847 26540
Ast, provided (%) 1.69 0.42 1.26
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 0.00 4813.31 0.00
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 0.00 4813.31 0.00
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.00 1.75 0.00
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.00 0.43 0.00
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.304 0.304 0.304
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 9543.5 8348.7 7931.4
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 11 11 11
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 6 11 6
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 13672 17693 13672
Ast, provided (%) 0.65 0.84 0.65
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


78

CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]


LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y kNmMoment-Z kNm
19 5000 31 -273.861 1930.444 3.314 68.731 -8.095 6396.316
346 273.861 -1407.408 -3.314 -68.731 -6.214 808.44
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6135 523 1150 0 46.462 0 -25.673 0 105.388

TOTAL
6135 1150 0 1958.32 0 0 0 6459.5488

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
821 5000 473 -311.356 -1533.991 3.519 -34.84 3.333 566.687
38 311.356 1745.8 -3.519 34.84 -12.848 -5000.963

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6127 525 1174 0 43.473 0 32.687 0 -395.593

TOTAL
6127 1174 0 -1507.91 0 0 0 329.3312
0 0 1771.88 0 0 0 -5000.963

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 2587.06 778.39 2430.79
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 2587.06 778.39 2430.79
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 1958.32 1771.88
Mh kN-m 15677.55 13044.08
Ms kN-m 7216.09 7406.41
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 3626.81 3672.92
Shear stress N/mm2 1.939 0.397 1.918
% of tensile steel % 1.892 0.451 1.386
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 0.914 0.567 0.824 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.782 0.773 0.778 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)
Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.715 0.438 0.640
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 12
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 6 6 6
Asv provided mm2 678.6 678.6 678.6
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 527.11 527.11 527.11 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 129.80 587.17 125.70 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 100 150 100
Hence Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


79

Side face Reinforcement


Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 1400 * 1336/100 = 935.2 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 10.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 1131.0 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 124.0 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
19 31 +ve 0 1710.901 3.624 62.247 0 5696.682
- 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve -244.554 0 0 0 -9.496 0
1101 NORMAL LC1 - - - 1101 NORMA-
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
19 31 +ve 14.731 0 7.517 23.257 33.7 0
63 LOAD GENERATION - 156 LOAD GE 777 LOAD GE 365 LOAD GE -
-ve -111.109 -37.024 -8.397 -4.34 -28.389 -226.029
698 LOAD GENERATIO 692 LOAD GE 364 LOAD GE 371 LOAD GE 156 LOAD GE 690 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #690, (8
Total
19 31 +ve 14.73 1710.90 11.14 85.50 33.70 5696.68
-ve -355.66 -40.73 -8.40 -4.34 -37.89 -248.63
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 11 8846.7 1432.00 154.74 126.40


b2 32 11 8846.7 1368.00 143.73
1336.00 13.108
b3 32 11 8846.7 1304.00 132.71
b4 32 11 8846.7 1240.00 121.69
35386.9
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 363.18 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 533.05 mm
Total compression = 4891.14 kN
Total tension = 4891.14 kN
Moment = 5696.68 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 154.74 / 200000 = 0.00077


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 533.0 mm
Width of section, b = 1400.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 1400 * 966.95 * 966.95 / (3 * 200000 * 35386.9 * 898.95) = 0.00007

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*1400*1500*966.95/(0.00077*35386.9*966.95)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00012
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00083
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00076
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 76.83 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


80

Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm


Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 76.83 * 0.00076 / (1 + 2 * 24.83 / 802.95) = 0.157 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


81

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
600 347 +ve 0.00 395.33 0.04 39.77 4.33 0.00
- 1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL-

-ve -245.78 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -3351.93


1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL LC1 - - - - LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
600 347 +ve 14.57 0 4.702 14.497 22.499 85.193
63 LOAD GENERATION- 158 LOAD GE 150 LOAD GE 159 LOAD GE 698 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #698, (9
-ve -111.116 -31.157 -7.733 -4.838 -34.32 0

697 LOAD GENERATIO


692 LOAD GE
402 LOAD GE
371 LOAD GE
401 LOAD GE
-
Total
600 347 +ve 14.57 395.33 4.74 54.27 26.83 93.71
-ve -356.89 -34.27 -7.73 -4.84 -34.32 -3351.93
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 11 8846.7 1432.00 155.00 126.40


b2 32 11 8846.7 1368.00 145.22
1400.00 9.098
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
17693.4
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 380.58 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 417.04 mm
Total compression = 2655.98 kN
Total tension = 2655.98 kN
Moment = 3351.93 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 155 / 200000 = 0.00077


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 417.0 mm
Width of section, b = 1400.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 1400 * 1082.96 * 1082.96 / (3 * 200000 * 17693.45 * 1014.96) = 0.00015

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*1400*1500*1082.96/(0.00077*17693.45*1082.96)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00023
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00083
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00067
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 76.83 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 76.83 * 0.00067 / (1 + 2 * 24.83 / 982.96) = 0.148 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


82

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
821 38 +ve 0 0 2.538 0 9.674 4467.164
- - 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMA1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve -279.117 -1557.934 0 -38.781 0 0
1101 NORMAL LC1 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMA - -
TRAIN Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
821 38 +ve 13.71 0 8.018 0 23.221 206.391
63 LOAD GENERATION - 650 LOAD GE - 650 LOAD GE 726 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #726, (1
-ve -120.863 -22.09 -5.316 -27.788 -14.894 0
697 LOAD GENERATIO 726 LOAD GE 131 LOAD GE 771 LOAD GE 131 LOAD GE -
Total
821 38 +ve 13.71 0.00 10.56 0.00 32.90 4694.19
-ve -399.98 -1582.23 -5.32 -66.57 -14.89 0.00
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 11 8846.7 1432.00 156.80 126.40


b2 32 11 8846.7 1368.00 146.22
1368.00 11.447
b3 32 11 8846.7 1304.00 135.63
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
26540.2
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 371.88 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 484.29 mm
Total compression = 3880.59 kN
Total tension = 3880.59 kN
Moment = 4694.19 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 156.8 / 200000 = 0.00078


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 484.3 mm
Width of section, b = 1400.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 1400 * 1015.71 * 1015.71 / (3 * 200000 * 26540.17 * 947.71) = 0.00010

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*1400*1500*1015.71/(0.00078*26540.17*1015.71)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00015
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00084
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00074
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 76.83 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 76.83 * 0.00074 / (1 + 2 * 24.83 / 883.71) = 0.162 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


83

Deflection check in serviceability Limit State

Ref. staad file for deflection check at mid span of beam.

Deflection due to all loads except train load


Node L/C X-Trans Y-Trans mm Z-Trans mm Absolute mmX-Rotan rad Y-Rotan rad Z-Rotan rad
347 1101 0.404 -6.23 -0.041 6.243 0 0 0

Deflection due to train load


347 622 0.268 0.058 0.197 0.338 0 0 0

ALL LOADS EXCLUDING TRAIN LOAD


LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 1101
ABSOLUTE DISPLACEMENT = 6.23 mm
TRAIN LOAD
LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 622
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT DUE TO MOVING LOAD = 0.058 mm
TOTAL DEFLECTION = 6.288 mm

ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION = MIN. OF (L/350 OR 20 mm) = 20 mm WHICH IS >6.288 mm


HENCE THE BEAM IS SAFE IN DEFLECTION.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


84

Beam number = CB10A /CB46A GRID MKD = H'-J


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 40 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 16 m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
24 26 +ve 0.00 2085.18 14.82 291.49 58.79 7292.09
- 2201 SEISM2205 SEISM2205 SEISM2213 SEISM 2201 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2A
-ve -482.02 0.00 -11.57 -30.55 -77.05 0.00
2204 SEISMIC UNL - 2216 SEISM2216 SEISM2208 SEISM -
train load Multification factor = 0.00 0.00
24 26 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.55 10.91 3.71 0.00
- - 383 LOAD GE 731 LOAD GE 112 LOAD GE -
-ve -14.26 -10.17 -0.71 0.00 -2.72 -87.83
722 LOAD GENERATIO 812 LOAD GE 112 LOAD GE - 382 LOAD GE 812 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #812, (2
Total
24 26 +ve 0.00 2085.18 14.82 291.49 58.79 7292.09
-ve -482.02 0.00 -11.57 -30.55 -77.05 0.00
Span Moment
530 308 +ve 0.00 200.76 17.29 310.95 26.87 0.00
- 2209 SEISMI 2205 SEISMI 2205 SEISMI 2205 SEISMI -
-ve -490.32 -246.72 -13.40 0.00 -21.72 -5577.18
2204 SEISMIC UNLOA2204 SEISMI 2216 SEISMI - 2216 SEISMI 2101 NORMAL LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 0.00
530 308 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.75 2.98 3.26 0.00
- - 382 LOAD GEN 108 LOAD GEN 731 LOAD GEN -
-ve -14.57 -11.64 -1.08 -2.66 -0.47 -19.72
722 LOAD GENERATION785 LOAD GEN 812 LOAD GEN 450 LOAD GEN 381 LOAD GEN 744 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #744, (141 o
Total
530 308 +ve 0.00 200.76 17.29 310.95 26.87 0.00
-ve -490.32 -246.72 -13.40 0.00 -21.72 -5577.18
Right Support
75 29 +ve 0.00 2828.10 13.53 0.00 76.36 9815.95
- 2201 SEISM2213 SEISM- 2205 SEISM 2201 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2A
-ve -488.35 0.00 -17.18 -352.41 -69.68 0
2204 SEISMIC UNL - 2208 SEISM2208 SEISM2216 SEISM -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.75 0.00
75 29 +ve 0.00 13.74 0.20 0.64 8.29 95.067
- 744 LOAD GE 174 LOAD GE 103 LOAD GE 731 LOAD GE 785 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #785, (1
-ve -14.55 0.00 -2.08 -7.55 -0.78 0
722 LOAD GENERATIO - 731 LOAD GE 691 LOAD GE 175 LOAD GE -
Total
75 29 +ve 0.00 2852.15 13.53 0.00 76.36 9815.95
-ve -488.35 0.00 -17.18 -352.41 -69.68 0.00

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


85

Beam No.
46A LEFT at 46A right at Remarks
Unit face of 46A Midspan face of
column column
Width of Beam b 900 900 900
Depth of Beam D 1500 1500 1500
Effective Depth d 1336 1368 1336
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 7292.09 0.00 9815.95
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 7292.09 0.00 9815.95
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 4.54 0.00 6.11
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Doubly
pt,Lim % 1.23 0.00 1.51
pt2 % 0.00 0.00 0.20
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 1.23 0.00 1.71
d' mm 68.00 68.00 68.00
d'/d mm 0.05 0.05 0.05
fsc N/mm2 423.70 423.90 423.70 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.00 0.00 0.21
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.304 0.304 0.304 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 14836.7 5245.0 20522.6
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at first layer = 7 7 7
Nos. of bars at second layer = 7 2 7
Nos. of bars at third layer = 7 0 7
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 3 0 7
Ast,Provided 19302 7238 22519
Ast, provided (%) 1.43 0.54 1.67
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 0.00 5577.18 0.00
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 0.00 5577.18 0.00
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.00 3.31 0.00
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.00 0.85 0.00
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.00 0.00 0.21
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.304 0.304 0.304
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 7418.4 10490.0 10261.3
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 7 7 7
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 3 7 7
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 7 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 8042 16889 11259
Ast, provided (%) 0.60 1.25 0.83
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


86

CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]


LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y kNmMoment-Z kNm
24 5000 26 -326.912 1581.309 1.986 144.988 -11.129 4607.619
53 326.912 -900.107 -1.986 -144.988 -3.073 4263.575
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
24 812 53 5.546 10.174 0.469 -8.287 0.499 15.089

TOTAL
24 53 5.546 1587.41 0 0 0 4616.6724

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
75 5000 29 -325.544 2192.865 -1.42 -224.979 1.346 6829.375
58 325.544 -1647.621 1.42 224.979 6.465 3736.521

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
75 744 29 -6.572 13.74 -1.999 -6.763 7.666 92.95

TOTAL
75 29 -6.572 2201.11 0 0 0 6885.145
0 0 -1639.38 0 0 0 3736.521

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 2085.18 246.72 2852.15
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 2085.18 246.72 2852.15
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 1587.41 2201.11
Mh kN-m 8955.35 8546.08
Ms kN-m 4281.23 5773.79
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 2709.80 3489.91
Shear stress N/mm2 2.254 0.200 2.902
% of tensile steel % 1.605 0.588 1.873
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 0.865 0.619 0.911 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.782 0.778 0.782 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)
Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.677 0.481 0.712
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 12
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 6 6 6
Asv provided mm2 678.6 678.6 678.6
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 819.96 819.96 819.96 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 165.89 2751.10 126.62 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 100 150 100
Hence Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


87

Side face Reinforcement


Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 900 * 1336/100 = 601.2 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 8.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 904.8 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 151.6 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
24 26 +ve 0 1398.766 2.001 133.54 0 4065.565
- 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve -299.736 0 0 0 -11.085 0
1101 NORMAL LC1 - - - 1101 NORMA-
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
24 26 +ve 0 0 0.554 10.908 3.705 0
- - 383 LOAD GE 731 LOAD GE 112 LOAD GE -
-ve -14.258 -10.174 -0.712 0 -2.716 -87.831
722 LOAD GENERATIO 812 LOAD GE 112 LOAD GE - 382 LOAD GE 812 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #812, (2
Total
24 26 +ve 0.00 1398.77 2.56 144.45 3.71 4065.57
-ve -313.99 -11.19 -0.71 0.00 -13.80 -96.61
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 7 5629.7 1432.00 193.91 127.33


b2 32 7 5629.7 1368.00 180.53
1336.00 15.065
b3 32 7 5629.7 1304.00 167.15
b4 32 3 2412.7 1240.00 153.77
19301.9
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 363.18 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 504.46 mm
Total compression = 3419.94 kN
Total tension = 3419.94 kN
Moment = 4065.57 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 193.91 / 200000 = 0.00097


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 504.5 mm
Width of section, b = 900.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 900 * 995.54 * 995.54 / (3 * 200000 * 19301.95 * 927.54) = 0.00008

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*900*1500*995.54/(0.00097*19301.95*995.54)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00011
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00104
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00096
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 77.15 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


88

Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm


Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 77.15 * 0.00096 / (1 + 2 * 25.15 / 831.54) = 0.188 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


89

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
530 308 +ve 0.00 0.00 2.32 146.71 1.74 0.00
- - 1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL-

-ve -301.37 -54.66 0.00 0.00 0.00 1101 NORMAL


-3864.32
1101 NORMAL LC1 1101 NORMAL - - - LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
530 308 +ve 0 0 0.752 2.977 3.262 0
- - 382 LOAD GE 108 LOAD GE 731 LOAD GE -
-ve -14.566 -11.639 -1.081 -2.657 -0.473 -19.718

722 LOAD GENERATIO


785 LOAD GE
812 LOAD GE
450 LOAD GE
381 LOAD GE
744 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #744, (1
Total
530 308 +ve 0.00 0.00 3.07 149.68 5.00 0.00
-ve -315.93 -67.47 -1.08 -2.66 -0.47 -3886.01
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 7 5629.7 1432.00 203.85 127.33


b2 32 7 5629.7 1368.00 190.11
1368.00 14.792
b3 32 7 5629.7 1304.00 176.37
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
16889.2
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 371.88 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 482.36 mm
Total compression = 3210.80 kN
Total tension = 3210.80 kN
Moment = 3886.01 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 203.85 / 200000 = 0.00102


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 482.4 mm
Width of section, b = 900.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 900 * 1017.64 * 1017.64 / (3 * 200000 * 16889.2 * 949.64) = 0.00010

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*900*1500*1017.64/(0.00102*16889.2*1017.64)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00012
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00109
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00100
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 77.15 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 77.15 * 0.001 / (1 + 2 * 25.15 / 885.64) = 0.196 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


90

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
75 29 +ve 0 1930.932 0 0 0.336 6027.021
- 1101 NORMA - - 1101 NORMA1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve -298.252 0 -1.097 -200.337 0 0
1101 NORMAL LC1 - 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - -
TRAIN Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
75 29 +ve 0 13.74 0.195 0.638 8.288 95.067
- 744 LOAD GE 174 LOAD GE 103 LOAD GE 731 LOAD GE 785 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #785, (1
-ve -14.547 0 -2.084 -7.552 -0.783 0
722 LOAD GENERATIO - 731 LOAD GE 691 LOAD GE 175 LOAD GE -
Total
75 29 +ve 0.00 1946.05 0.20 0.64 8.62 6131.59
-ve -312.80 0.00 -3.18 -207.89 -0.78 0.00
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 7 5629.7 1432.00 261.52 127.33


b2 32 7 5629.7 1368.00 242.94
1336.00 22.019
b3 32 7 5629.7 1304.00 224.36
b4 32 7 5629.7 1240.00 205.79
22518.9
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 363.18 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 531.02 mm
Total compression = 5261.57 kN
Total tension = 5261.57 kN
Moment = 6131.59 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 261.52 / 200000 = 0.00131


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 531.0 mm
Width of section, b = 900.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 900 * 968.98 * 968.98 / (3 * 200000 * 22518.94 * 900.98) = 0.00007

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*900*1500*968.98/(0.00131*22518.94*968.98)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00007
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00141
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00134
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 77.15 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 77.15 * 0.00134 / (1 + 2 * 25.15 / 804.98) = 0.198 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


91

Deflection check in serviceability Limit State

Ref. staad file for deflection check at mid span of beam.

Deflection due to all loads except train load


Node L/C X-Trans Y-Trans mm Z-Trans mm Absolute mmX-Rotan rad Y-Rotan rad Z-Rotan rad
308 1101 0.19 -9.897 0.049 9.899 0 0 0

Deflection due to train load


308 744 0.323 -0.058 0.219 0.395 0 0 0

ALL LOADS EXCLUDING TRAIN LOAD


LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 1101
ABSOLUTE DISPLACEMENT = 9.897 mm
TRAIN LOAD
LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 744
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT DUE TO MOVING LOAD = 0.058 mm
TOTAL DEFLECTION = 9.955 mm

ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION = MIN. OF (L/350 OR 20 mm) = 20 mm WHICH IS >9.955 mm


HENCE THE BEAM IS SAFE IN DEFLECTION.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


92

Beam number = CB10B / CB46B GRID MKD = J-K


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 40 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 17 m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
28 29 +ve 0.00 1789.39 39.37 779.54 54.01 6869.24
- 2101 NORMA 2201 SEISM2205 SEISM2209 SEISM 2201 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2A
-ve -351.96 0.00 -17.41 0.00 -100.08 0.00
2204 SEISMIC UNL - 2212 SEISM- 2204 SEISM -
train load Multification factor = 1.75 0.00
28 29 +ve 0.94 0.00 2.52 11.29 3.44 0.00
50 LOAD GENERATION - 383 LOAD GE 712 LOAD GE 82 LOAD GEN -
-ve -12.87 -6.90 -1.41 0.00 -5.85 -68.22
695 LOAD GENERATIO 812 LOAD GE 82 LOAD GEN - 382 LOAD GE 785 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #785, (1
Total
28 29 +ve 1.65 1789.39 43.77 799.29 60.04 6869.24
-ve -374.47 -12.08 -19.88 0.00 -110.32 0.00
Span Moment
681 384 +ve 0.00 939.35 10.89 727.58 28.86 0.00
- 2204 SEISMI 2216 SEISMI 2208 SEISMI 2204 SEISMI -
-ve -348.52 0.00 -12.59 0.00 -13.67 -2243.95
2201 SEISMIC UNLOA- 2205 SEISMI - 2209 SEISMI 2201 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2A
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 1.75
681 384 +ve 0.78 0.00 0.42 8.48 1.08 0.00
50 LOAD GENERATION,- 64 LOAD GENE 761 LOAD GEN 382 LOAD GEN -
-ve -13.05 -7.04 -1.41 -0.81 -0.74 -26.63
695 LOAD GENERATION785 LOAD GEN 780 LOAD GEN 50 LOAD GENE 82 LOAD GENE 717 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #717, (114 o
Total
681 384 +ve 1.36 939.35 11.62 742.42 30.75 0.00
-ve -371.36 0.00 -15.05 -1.41 -14.97 -2290.55
Right Support
356 41 +ve 0.00 0.00 77.16 0.00 151.28 2362.81
- - 2208 SEISM- 2208 SEISM 2204 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2A
-ve -343.96 -475.53 -23.61 -979.39 -67.29 -16.647
2201 SEISMIC UNL 2201 SEISM2213 SEISM2101 NORMA 2213 SEISM 2209 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2A
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.75 0.00
356 41 +ve 0.40 0.00 2.12 1.50 4.15 53.306
50 LOAD GENERATION - 381 LOAD GE 391 LOAD GE 381 LOAD GE 731 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #731, (1
-ve -13.08 -9.15 -1.32 -2.23 -4.66 0
696 LOAD GENERATIO 649 LOAD GE 81 LOAD GEN 60 LOAD GEN 784 LOAD GE -
Total
356 41 +ve 0.69 0.00 80.87 2.63 158.54 2362.81
-ve -366.85 -491.53 -25.92 -983.28 -75.45 -16.65

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


93

Beam No.
34B LEFT at 34B right at Remarks
Unit face of 34B Midspan face of
column column
Width of Beam b 900 900 900
Depth of Beam D 1500 1500 1500
Effective Depth d 1336 1400 1400
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 6869.24 0.00 2362.81
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 6869.24 0.00 2362.81
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 4.28 0.00 1.34
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pt,Lim % 1.15 0.00 0.32
pt2 % 0.00 0.00 0.00
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 1.15 0.00 0.32
d' mm 68.00 68.00 68.00
d'/d mm 0.05 0.05 0.05
fsc N/mm2 423.70 424.08 424.08 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.304 0.304 0.304 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 13800.6 3825.1 4042.2
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at first layer = 7 7 7
Nos. of bars at second layer = 7 2 2
Nos. of bars at third layer = 7 0 0
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 7 0 0
Ast,Provided 22519 7238 7238
Ast, provided (%) 1.67 0.54 0.54
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 0.00 2290.55 16.65
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 0.00 2290.55 16.65
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.00 1.30 0.01
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.00 0.31 0.00
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.304 0.304 0.304
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 6900.3 3913.3 3825.1
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 7 7 7
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 7 5 0
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 11259 9651 5630
Ast, provided (%) 0.83 0.71 0.42
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


94

CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]


LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y kNmMoment-Z kNm
28 5000 29 -257.806 1388.498 12.368 574.963 -26.459 4858.759
383 257.806 -1187.905 -12.368 -574.963 -14.789 -562.607
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
28 812 383 -0.68 6.901 0.548 -5.173 0.275 43.257

TOTAL
28 383 -0.68 1392.64 0 0 0 4884.7132

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
356 5000 210 -249.749 -180.498 31.071 -762.093 -11.737 830.012
41 249.749 297.034 -31.071 762.093 -51.027 -1320.399

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
356 649 41 8.294 9.145 -0.782 0.848 -1.928 -50.782

TOTAL
356 41 8.294 -175.01 0 0 0 799.5428
0 0 302.52 0 0 0 -1320.399

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 1789.39 939.35 491.53
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 1789.39 939.35 491.53
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 1392.64 302.52
Mh kN-m 10008.04 4089.96
Ms kN-m 5773.79 3236.07
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 2204.95 1393.21
Shear stress N/mm2 1.834 0.746 1.106
% of tensile steel % 1.873 0.574 0.574
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 0.911 0.614 0.614 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.782 0.773 0.773 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)
Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.712 0.475 0.475
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 12
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 4 4 4
Asv provided mm2 452.4 452.4 452.4
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 546.64 546.64 0.4bsv/0.87fy
546.64
Spacing of rebar required mm 143.70 325.96 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
212.08
Spacing of rebar provided mm 100 150 100
Hence Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


95

Side face Reinforcement


Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 900 * 1336/100 = 601.2 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 8.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 904.8 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 151.6 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
28 29 +ve 0 1263.61 11.855 515.208 0 4392.069
- 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve -244.028 0 0 0 -25.693 0
1101 NORMAL LC1 - - - 1101 NORMA-
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
28 29 +ve 0.943 0 2.516 11.285 3.443 0
50 LOAD GENERATION - 383 LOAD GE 712 LOAD GE 82 LOAD GEN -
-ve -12.865 -6.901 -1.414 0 -5.852 -68.22
695 LOAD GENERATIO 812 LOAD GE 82 LOAD GEN - 382 LOAD GE 785 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #785, (1
Total
28 29 +ve 0.94 1263.61 14.37 526.49 3.44 4392.07
-ve -256.89 -7.59 -1.41 0.00 -31.55 -75.04
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 7 5629.7 1432.00 187.32 127.33


b2 32 7 5629.7 1368.00 174.02
1336.00 15.772
b3 32 7 5629.7 1304.00 160.71
b4 32 7 5629.7 1240.00 147.41
22518.9
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 363.18 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 531.02 mm
Total compression = 3768.87 kN
Total tension = 3768.87 kN
Moment = 4392.07 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 187.32 / 200000 = 0.00094


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 531.0 mm
Width of section, b = 900.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 900 * 968.98 * 968.98 / (3 * 200000 * 22518.94 * 900.98) = 0.00007

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*900*1500*968.98/(0.00094*22518.94*968.98)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00010
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00101
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00094
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 77.15 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


96

Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm


Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 77.15 * 0.00094 / (1 + 2 * 25.15 / 804.98) = 0.184 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


97

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
681 384 +ve 0.00 638.36 0.00 499.00 8.32 0.00
- 1101 NORMAL
- 1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL-

-ve -243.33 0.00 -0.30 0.00 0.00 1101 NORMAL


-1498.51
1101 NORMAL LC1 - 1101 NORMAL - - LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
681 384 +ve 0.778 0 0.418 8.478 1.079 0
50 LOAD GENERATION- 64 LOAD GEN 761 LOAD GE 382 LOAD GE -
-ve -13.048 -7.037 -1.406 -0.805 -0.743 -26.63

695 LOAD GENERATIO


785 LOAD GE
780 LOAD GE
50 LOAD GEN
82 LOAD GEN
717 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #717, (1
Total
681 384 +ve 0.78 638.36 0.42 507.48 9.40 0.00
-ve -256.37 -7.74 -1.71 -0.81 -0.74 -1527.80
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 7 5629.7 1432.00 127.30 127.33


b2 32 5 4021.2 1368.00 119.48
1400.00 6.815
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
9651.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 380.58 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 390.35 mm
Total compression = 1197.15 kN
Total tension = 1197.15 kN
Moment = 1527.80 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 127.3 / 200000 = 0.00064


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 390.4 mm
Width of section, b = 900.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 900 * 1109.65 * 1109.65 / (3 * 200000 * 9650.97 * 1041.65) = 0.00018

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*900*1500*1109.65/(0.00064*9650.97*1109.65)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00033
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00068
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00049
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 77.15 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 77.15 * 0.00049 / (1 + 2 * 25.15 / 1009.65) = 0.109 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


98

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
356 41 +ve 0 0 29.548 0 49.981 1224.148
- - 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMA1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve -236.459 -274.71 0 -688.312 0 0
1101 NORMAL LC1 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMA - -
TRAIN Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
356 41 +ve 0.396 0 2.12 1.504 4.149 53.306
50 LOAD GENERATION - 381 LOAD GE 391 LOAD GE 381 LOAD GE 731 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #731, (1
-ve -13.08 -9.145 -1.318 -2.225 -4.661 0
696 LOAD GENERATIO 649 LOAD GE 81 LOAD GEN 60 LOAD GEN 784 LOAD GE -
Total
356 41 +ve 0.40 0.00 31.67 1.50 54.13 1282.78
-ve -249.54 -284.77 -1.32 -690.54 -4.66 0.00
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 7 5629.7 1432.00 137.85 127.33


b2 32 2 1608.5 1368.00 129.72
1400.00 6.303
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
7238.2
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 380.58 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 347.19 mm
Total compression = 984.71 kN
Total tension = 984.71 kN
Moment = 1282.78 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 137.85 / 200000 = 0.00069


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 347.2 mm
Width of section, b = 900.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 900 * 1152.81 * 1152.81 / (3 * 200000 * 7238.23 * 1084.81) = 0.00025

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*900*1500*1152.81/(0.00069*7238.23*1152.81)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00041
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00073
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00048
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 77.15 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 77.15 * 0.00048 / (1 + 2 * 25.15 / 1052.81) = 0.106 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


99

Deflection check in serviceability Limit State

Ref. staad file for deflection check at mid span of beam.

Deflection due to all loads except train load


Node L/C X-Trans Y-Trans mm Z-Trans mm Absolute mmX-Rotan rad Y-Rotan rad Z-Rotan rad
384 1101 0.289 -5.237 0.035 5.245 -0.001 0 -0.001

Deflection due to train load


384 712 0.31 -0.084 0.207 0.382 0 0 0

ALL LOADS EXCLUDING TRAIN LOAD


LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 1101
ABSOLUTE DISPLACEMENT = 5.237 mm
TRAIN LOAD
LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 712
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT DUE TO MOVING LOAD = 0.084 mm
TOTAL DEFLECTION = 5.321 mm

ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION = MIN. OF (L/350 OR 20 mm) = 20 mm WHICH IS >5.321 mm


HENCE THE BEAM IS SAFE IN DEFLECTION.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


100

Beam number = CB47A GRID MKD = K-L


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 40 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 10.975 m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
638 42 +ve 0.00 0.00 26.17 39.78 70.87 1297.72
- - 2208 SEISM2204 SEISM2208 SEISM 2204 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2A
-ve -299.01 -545.19 -3.47 -30.43 -14.27 -244.92
2101 NORMAL LC1 2201 SEISM2213 SEISM2209 SEISM2213 SEISM 2209 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2A
train load Multification factor = 0.00 0.00
638 42 +ve 0.00 6.59 1.28 0.00 3.72 0.00
- 776 LOAD GE 137 LOAD GE - 138 LOAD GE -
-ve -15.25 0.00 -1.13 -4.95 -3.72 -28.56
698 LOAD GENERATIO - 439 LOAD GE 704 LOAD GE 439 LOAD GE 776 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #776, (1
Total
638 42 +ve 0.00 0.00 26.17 39.78 70.87 1297.72
-ve -299.01 -545.19 -3.47 -30.43 -14.27 -244.92
Span Moment
638 35 +ve 0.00 70.95 26.17 39.78 0.72 0.00
- 2209 SEISMI 2205 SEISMI 2201 SEISMI 2213 SEISMI -
-ve -299.01 -304.62 -3.47 -30.43 -42.15 -541.64
2101 NORMAL LC1 2204 SEISMI 2216 SEISMI 2212 SEISMI 2208 SEISMI 2101 NORMAL LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 0.00
638 35 +ve 0.00 6.59 1.28 0.00 1.17 2.71
- 776 LOAD GEN137 LOAD GEN - 440 LOAD GEN 627 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #627, (24 of
-ve -15.25 0.00 -1.13 -4.95 -1.80 -1.33
698 LOAD GENERATION- 439 LOAD GEN 704 LOAD GEN 166 LOAD GEN 137 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #137, (134 o
Total
638 35 +ve 0.00 70.95 26.17 39.78 0.72 0.00
-ve -299.01 -304.62 -3.47 -30.43 -42.15 -541.64
Right Support
731 365 +ve 0.00 0.00 9.14 83.83 30.60 2689.30
- - 2216 SEISM2208 SEISM2216 SEISM 2204 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2A
-ve -305.20 -852.07 -18.15 -67.31 -52.57 -4.93E+02
2101 NORMAL LC1 2201 SEISM2205 SEISM2213 SEISM2205 SEISM 2209 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2A
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 0.00
731 365 +ve 0.00 0.00 1.13 0.66 3.48 67.885
- - 138 LOAD GE 469 LOAD GE 138 LOAD GE 744 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #744, (1
-ve -16.45 -14.60 -2.55 -5.52 -7.58 0
704 LOAD GENERATIO 744 LOAD GE 402 LOAD GE 696 LOAD GE 402 LOAD GE -
Total
731 365 +ve 0.00 0.00 9.14 83.83 30.60 2689.30
-ve -305.20 -852.07 -18.15 -67.31 -52.57 -492.75

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


101

Beam No.
47A LEFT at 47A right at Remarks
Unit face of 47A Midspan face of
column column
Width of Beam b 600 600 600
Depth of Beam D 1500 1500 1500
Effective Depth d 1432 1432 1400
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 1297.72 0.00 2689.30
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 1297.72 0.00 2689.30
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 1.05 0.00 2.29
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pt,Lim % 0.25 0.00 0.57
pt2 % 0.00 0.00 0.00
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 0.25 0.00 0.57
d' mm 68.00 68.00 68.00
d'/d mm 0.05 0.05 0.05
fsc N/mm2 424.25 424.25 424.08 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.304 0.304 0.304 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 2608.3 2608.3 4752.3
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at first layer = 5 5 5
Nos. of bars at second layer = 0 0 5
Nos. of bars at third layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 4021 4021 8042
Ast, provided (%) 0.45 0.45 0.89
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 244.92 541.64 492.75
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 244.92 541.64 492.75
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.20 0.44 0.42
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.05 0.10 0.10
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.304 0.304 0.304
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 2608.3 2608.3 2550.1
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 5 5 5
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 4021 4021 4021
Ast, provided (%) 0.45 0.45 0.45
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


102

CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]


LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y kNmMoment-Z kNm
638 5000 35 -226.543 -126.541 13.257 4.168 -23.858 -423.351
42 226.543 344.812 -13.257 -4.168 -33.374 -594.067
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
638 776 35 -5.568 6.586 0.152 -3.063 -0.391 -0.134

TOTAL
638 35 -5.568 348.76 0 0 0 -423.4314

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
731 5000 35 -231.225 -214.67 -4.515 12.615 10.23 -463.661
365 231.225 486.006 4.515 -12.615 10.8 -1168.212

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
731 744 365 10.583 14.598 1.09 1.75 3.142 -67.885

TOTAL
731 365 10.583 -205.91 0 0 0 -504.392
0 0 494.76 0 0 0 -1168.212

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 545.19 304.62 852.07
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 545.19 304.62 852.07
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 348.76 494.76
Mh kN-m 2357.63 4308.76
Ms kN-m 2357.63 2301.66
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 1199.15 1089.12
Shear stress N/mm2 1.396 0.355 1.297
% of tensile steel % 0.468 0.468 0.957
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 0.574 0.574 0.728 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.769 0.769 0.773 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)
Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.441 0.441 0.563
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 12
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 4 4 4
Asv provided mm2 452.4 452.4 452.4
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 819.96 819.96 819.96 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 242.09 1045.64 289.30 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 100 150 100
Hence Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


103

Side face Reinforcement


Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 600 * 1432/100 = 429.6 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 8.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 904.8 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 151.6 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
638 42 +ve 0 0 12.775 2.511 32.326 552.563
- - 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve -216.448 -317.198 0 0 0 0
1101 NORMAL LC1 1101 NORMA - - - -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
638 42 +ve 0 6.586 1.276 0 3.72 0
- 776 LOAD GE 137 LOAD GE - 138 LOAD GE -
-ve -15.248 0 -1.13 -4.954 -3.719 -28.564
698 LOAD GENERATIO - 439 LOAD GE 704 LOAD GE 439 LOAD GE 776 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #776, (1
Total
638 42 +ve 0.00 7.24 14.05 2.51 36.05 552.56
-ve -231.70 -317.20 -1.13 -4.95 -3.72 -31.42
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 5 4021.2 1432.00 103.75 116.00


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
1432.00 4.310
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
4021.2
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 389.28 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 322.63 mm
Total compression = 417.20 kN
Total tension = 417.20 kN
Moment = 552.56 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 103.75 / 200000 = 0.00052


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 322.6 mm
Width of section, b = 600.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 600 * 1177.37 * 1177.37 / (3 * 200000 * 4021.24 * 1109.37) = 0.00031

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*600*1500*1177.37/(0.00052*4021.24*1177.37)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00066
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00055
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00024
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 73.38 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


104

Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm


Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 73.38 * 0.00024 / (1 + 2 * 21.38 / 1109.37) = 0.051 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


105

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
638 35 +ve 0.00 0.00 12.78 2.51 0.00 0.00
- - 1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL
- -

-ve -216.45 -113.79 0.00 0.00 -22.83 1101 NORMAL


-377.73
1101 NORMAL LC1 1101 NORMAL - - 1101 NORMALLC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
638 35 +ve 0 6.586 1.276 0 1.171 2.711
- 776 LOAD GE137 LOAD GE - 440 LOAD GE 627 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #627, (2
-ve -15.248 0 -1.13 -4.954 -1.795 -1.327

698 LOAD GENERATIO


- 439 LOAD GE
704 LOAD GE
166 LOAD GE
137 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #137, (1
Total
638 35 +ve 0.00 7.24 14.05 2.51 1.17 2.98
-ve -231.70 -113.79 -1.13 -4.95 -24.62 -379.19
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 5 4021.2 1432.00 71.20 116.00


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
1432.00 2.958
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
4021.2
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 389.28 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 322.63 mm
Total compression = 286.30 kN
Total tension = 286.30 kN
Moment = 379.19 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 71.2 / 200000 = 0.00036


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 322.6 mm
Width of section, b = 600.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 600 * 1177.37 * 1177.37 / (3 * 200000 * 4021.24 * 1109.37) = 0.00031

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*600*1500*1177.37/(0.00036*4021.24*1177.37)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00096
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00038
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00007
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 73.38 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 73.38 * 0.00007 / (1 + 2 * 21.38 / 1109.37) = 0.014 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


106

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
731 365 +ve 0 0 0 13.082 0 1030.923
- - - 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve -220.874 -426.795 -3.958 0 -9.333 0
1101 NORMAL LC1 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMA-
TRAIN Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
731 365 +ve 0 0 1.133 0.661 3.479 67.885
- - 138 LOAD GE 469 LOAD GE 138 LOAD GE 744 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #744, (1
-ve -16.446 -14.598 -2.552 -5.516 -7.583 0
704 LOAD GENERATIO 744 LOAD GE 402 LOAD GE 696 LOAD GE 402 LOAD GE -
Total
731 365 +ve 0.00 0.00 1.13 13.74 3.48 1105.60
-ve -237.32 -442.85 -6.51 -5.52 -16.92 0.00
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 5 4021.2 1432.00 112.81 116.00


b2 32 5 4021.2 1368.00 105.63
1400.00 6.853
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
8042.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 380.58 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 427.25 mm
Total compression = 878.41 kN
Total tension = 878.41 kN
Moment = 1105.60 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 112.81 / 200000 = 0.00056


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 427.3 mm
Width of section, b = 600.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 600 * 1072.75 * 1072.75 / (3 * 200000 * 8042.48 * 1004.75) = 0.00014

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*600*1500*1072.75/(0.00056*8042.48*1072.75)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00030
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00060
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00046
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 73.38 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 73.38 * 0.00046 / (1 + 2 * 21.38 / 972.75) = 0.097 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


107

Deflection check in serviceability Limit State

Ref. staad file for deflection check at mid span of beam.

Deflection due to all loads except train load


Node L/C X-Trans Y-Trans mm Z-Trans mm Absolute mmX-Rotan rad Y-Rotan rad Z-Rotan rad
35 1101 0.409 -2.259 0.004 2.296 -0.001 0 0

Deflection due to train load


35 817 0.314 0.023 0.179 0.362 0 0 0

ALL LOADS EXCLUDING TRAIN LOAD


LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 1101
ABSOLUTE DISPLACEMENT = 2.259 mm
TRAIN LOAD
LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 817
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT DUE TO MOVING LOAD = 0.023 mm
TOTAL DEFLECTION = 2.282 mm

ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION = MIN. OF (L/350 OR 20 mm) = 20 mm WHICH IS >2.282 mm


HENCE THE BEAM IS SAFE IN DEFLECTION.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


108

Beam number = CB47B & CB47C GRID MKD = K-L


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 40 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 8.54 m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
636 365 +ve 67.68 952.43 30.57 144.58 51.38 2370.52
2209 SEISMIC UNL 2201 SEISM2205 SEISM2205 SEISM2213 SEISM 2201 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2A
-ve -202.19 -205.46 -21.08 -42.23 -65.91 -1441.84
2204 SEISMIC UNL 2212 SEISM2216 SEISM2216 SEISM2208 SEISM 2212 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2A
train load Multification factor = 0.00 0.00
636 365 +ve 3.28 0.00 3.12 4.74 4.15 0.00
749 LOAD GENERATIO - 350 LOAD GE 699 LOAD GE 812 LOAD GE -
-ve -6.27 -28.71 -1.90 -0.19 -6.61 -104.67
354 LOAD GENERATIO 703 LOAD GE 812 LOAD GE 67 LOAD GEN 350 LOAD GE 703 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #703, (1
Total
636 365 +ve 67.68 952.43 30.57 144.58 51.38 2370.52
-ve -202.19 -205.46 -21.08 -42.23 -65.91 -1441.84
Span Moment
636 364 +ve 67.68 773.76 30.57 144.58 17.94 275.35
2212 SEISMIC UNLOA2204 SEISMI 2208 SEISMI 2208 SEISMI 2204 SEISMI 2212 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2A
-ve -202.19 -312.66 -21.08 -42.23 -7.64 -927.42
2201 SEISMIC UNLOA2209 SEISMI 2213 SEISMI 2213 SEISMI 2209 SEISMI 2201 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2A
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 0.00
636 364 +ve 3.28 0.00 3.12 4.74 1.56 0.00
749 LOAD GENERATION- 350 LOAD GEN 699 LOAD GEN 691 LOAD GEN -
-ve -6.27 -28.71 -1.90 -0.19 -0.90 -29.54
354 LOAD GENERATION703 LOAD GEN 812 LOAD GEN 67 LOAD GENE 474 LOAD GEN 703 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #703, (100 o
Total
636 364 +ve 67.68 773.76 30.57 144.58 17.94 275.35
-ve -202.19 -312.66 -21.08 -42.23 -7.64 -927.42
Right Support
829 39 +ve 40.73 57.95 15.27 0.00 38.17 3378.30
2212 SEISMIC UNL 2212 SEISM2216 SEISM- 2216 SEISM 2204 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2A
-ve -181.03 -1187.05 -29.62 -200.98 -62.70 -1229.29
2201 SEISMIC UNL 2201 SEISM2205 SEISM2205 SEISM2205 SEISM 2209 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2A
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 0.00
829 39 +ve 2.34 0.00 1.35 1.47 3.53 116.954
377 LOAD GENERATIO - 350 LOAD GE 703 LOAD GE 350 LOAD GE 703 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #703, (1
-ve -5.64 -28.10 -2.34 -2.16 -4.95 0
698 LOAD GENERATIO 703 LOAD GE 771 LOAD GE 677 LOAD GE 771 LOAD GE -
Total
829 39 +ve 40.73 57.95 15.27 0.00 38.17 3378.30
-ve -181.03 -1187.05 -29.62 -200.98 -62.70 -1229.29

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


109

Beam No.
47B LEFT at 47B right at Remarks
Unit face of 47B Midspan face of
column column
Width of Beam b 600 600 600
Depth of Beam D 1500 1500 1500
Effective Depth d 1400 1432 1400
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 2370.52 275.35 3378.30
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 2370.52 275.35 3378.30
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 2.02 0.22 2.87
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pt,Lim % 0.49 0.05 0.73
pt2 % 0.00 0.00 0.00
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 0.49 0.05 0.73
d' mm 68.00 68.00 68.00
d'/d mm 0.05 0.05 0.05
fsc N/mm2 424.08 424.25 424.08 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.304 0.304 0.304 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 4148.9 2608.3 6101.7
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at first layer = 5 5 5
Nos. of bars at second layer = 5 0 5
Nos. of bars at third layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 8042 4021 8042
Ast, provided (%) 0.89 0.45 0.89
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 1441.84 927.42 1229.29
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 1441.84 927.42 1229.29
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 1.23 0.75 1.05
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.29 0.18 0.25
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.304 0.304 0.304
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 2550.1 2608.3 3050.8
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 5 5 5
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 4021 4021 4021
Ast, provided (%) 0.45 0.45 0.45
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


110

CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]


LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y kNmMoment-Z kNm
636 5000 365 -75.834 380.178 4.244 53.234 -6.16 456.48
364 75.834 -234.162 -4.244 -53.234 -4.948 347.383
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
636 703 364 3.043 28.706 0.057 -4.657 -0.393 29.543

TOTAL
636 364 3.043 397.40 0 0 0 474.2058

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
829 5000 477 -79.688 -357.5 -7.999 -114.745 7.736 -147.209
39 79.688 585.731 7.999 114.745 13.893 -1128.04

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
829 703 39 4.807 28.099 1.464 -1.468 2.799 -116.954

TOTAL
829 39 4.807 -340.64 0 0 0 -217.3814
0 0 602.59 0 0 0 -1128.04

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 952.43 773.76 1187.05
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 952.43 773.76 1187.05
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 397.40 602.59
Mh kN-m 4308.76 4308.76
Ms kN-m 2301.66 2301.66
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 1481.08 1686.27
Shear stress N/mm2 1.763 0.901 2.007
% of tensile steel % 0.957 0.468 0.957
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 0.728 0.574 0.728 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.773 0.769 0.773 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)
Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.563 0.441 0.563
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 12
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 4 4 4
Asv provided mm2 452.4 452.4 452.4
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 819.96 819.96 0.4bsv/0.87fy
819.96
Spacing of rebar required mm 204.94 381.51 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
177.81
Spacing of rebar provided mm 100 150 100
Hence Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


111

Side face Reinforcement


Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 600 * 1400/100 = 420.0 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 8.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 904.8 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 151.6 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
636 365 +ve 0 321.581 3.445 46.787 0 371.163
- 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve -71.282 0 0 0 -4.76 0
1101 NORMAL LC1 - - - 1101 NORMA-
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
636 365 +ve 3.281 0 3.119 4.74 4.151 0
749 LOAD GENERATIO - 350 LOAD GE 699 LOAD GE 812 LOAD GE -
-ve -6.273 -28.706 -1.896 -0.193 -6.607 -104.666
354 LOAD GENERATIO 703 LOAD GE 812 LOAD GE 67 LOAD GEN 350 LOAD GE 703 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #703, (1
Total
636 365 +ve 3.28 321.58 6.56 51.53 4.15 371.16
-ve -77.56 -31.58 -1.90 -0.19 -11.37 -115.13
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 5 4021.2 1432.00 37.87 116.00


b2 32 5 4021.2 1368.00 35.46
1400.00 2.301
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
8042.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 380.58 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 427.25 mm
Total compression = 294.89 kN
Total tension = 294.89 kN
Moment = 371.16 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 37.87 / 200000 = 0.00019


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 427.3 mm
Width of section, b = 600.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 600 * 1072.75 * 1072.75 / (3 * 200000 * 8042.48 * 1004.75) = 0.00014

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*600*1500*1072.75/(0.00019*8042.48*1072.75)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00090
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00020
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00006
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 73.38 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


112

Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm


Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 73.38 * 0.00006 / (1 + 2 * 21.38 / 972.75) = 0.013 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


113

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
636 364 +ve 0.00 197.33 3.45 46.79 4.25 0.00
- 1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL-

-ve -71.28 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1101 NORMAL


-307.84
1101 NORMAL LC1 - - - - LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
636 364 +ve 3.281 0 3.119 4.74 1.558 0
749 LOAD GENERATIO- 350 LOAD GE 699 LOAD GE 691 LOAD GE -
-ve -6.273 -28.706 -1.896 -0.193 -0.895 -29.543

354 LOAD GENERATIO


703 LOAD GE
812 LOAD GE
67 LOAD GEN
474 LOAD GE
703 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #703, (1
Total
636 364 +ve 3.28 197.33 6.56 51.53 5.81 0.00
-ve -77.56 -31.58 -1.90 -0.19 -0.90 -340.33
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 5 4021.2 1432.00 63.90 116.00


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
1432.00 2.655
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
4021.2
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 389.28 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 322.63 mm
Total compression = 256.96 kN
Total tension = 256.96 kN
Moment = 340.33 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 63.9 / 200000 = 0.00032


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 322.6 mm
Width of section, b = 600.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 600 * 1177.37 * 1177.37 / (3 * 200000 * 4021.24 * 1109.37) = 0.00031

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*600*1500*1177.37/(0.00032*4021.24*1177.37)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00106
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00034
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00003
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 73.38 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 73.38 * 0.00003 / (1 + 2 * 21.38 / 1109.37) = 0.006 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


114

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
829 39 +ve 0 0 0 0 0 9.87E+02
- - - - - 1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve -75.232 -506.406 -7.478 -104.305 -13.117 0
1101 NORMAL LC1 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA-
TRAIN Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
829 39 +ve 2.339 0 1.353 1.468 3.529 116.954
377 LOAD GENERATIO - 350 LOAD GE 703 LOAD GE 350 LOAD GE 703 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #703, (1
-ve -5.642 -28.099 -2.336 -2.157 -4.946 0
698 LOAD GENERATIO 703 LOAD GE 771 LOAD GE 677 LOAD GE 771 LOAD GE -
Total
829 39 +ve 2.34 0.00 1.35 1.47 3.53 1116.06
-ve -80.87 -537.31 -9.81 -106.46 -18.06 0.00
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 5 4021.2 1432.00 113.88 116.00


b2 32 5 4021.2 1368.00 106.63
1400.00 6.918
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
8042.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 380.58 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 427.25 mm
Total compression = 886.72 kN
Total tension = 886.72 kN
Moment = 1116.06 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 113.88 / 200000 = 0.00057


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 427.3 mm
Width of section, b = 600.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 600 * 1072.75 * 1072.75 / (3 * 200000 * 8042.48 * 1004.75) = 0.00014

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*600*1500*1072.75/(0.00057*8042.48*1072.75)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00030
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00061
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00047
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 73.38 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 73.38 * 0.00047 / (1 + 2 * 21.38 / 972.75) = 0.098 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


115

Deflection check in serviceability Limit State

Ref. staad file for deflection check at mid span of beam.

Deflection due to all loads except train load


Node L/C X-Trans Y-Trans mm Z-Trans mm Absolute mmX-Rotan rad Y-Rotan rad Z-Rotan rad
364 1101 0.453 -1.254 -0.053 1.334 -0.001 0 0

Deflection due to train load


364 655 0.301 -0.041 0.195 0.361 0 0 0

ALL LOADS EXCLUDING TRAIN LOAD


LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 1101
ABSOLUTE DISPLACEMENT = 1.254 mm
TRAIN LOAD
LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 655
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT DUE TO MOVING LOAD = 0.041 mm
TOTAL DEFLECTION = 1.295 mm

ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION = MIN. OF (L/350 OR 20 mm) = 20 mm WHICH IS >1.295 mm


HENCE THE BEAM IS SAFE IN DEFLECTION.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


CB - 2
117

Beam number =CB2A~2C


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 40 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 4.9 m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
+ve

-ve

train load Multification factor = 0.00 0.00


+ve

-ve

Total
0 0 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 109.22
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Span Moment
+ve

-ve

TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 0.00


+ve

-ve

Total
0 0 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 136.52
Right Support
+ve

-ve

TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 0.00


+ve

-ve

Total
0 0 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 109.22
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


118

Beam No.
at left face of at right face of Remarks
Unit Midspan
column column
Width of Beam b 250 250 250
Depth of Beam D 600 600 600
Effective Depth d 532 532 532
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 109.22 0.00 109.22
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 109.22 0.00 109.22
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 1.54 0.00 1.54
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pt,Lim % 0.37 0.00 0.37
pt2 % 0.00 0.00 0.00
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 0.37 0.00 0.37
d' mm 68.00 68.00 68.00
d'/d mm 0.13 0.13 0.13
fsc N/mm2 403.29 403.29 403.29 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.304 0.304 0.304 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 495.0 403.8 495.0
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 20 20 20
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 20 20 20
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 20 20 20
Nos. of bars at first layer = 2 2 2
Nos. of bars at second layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at third layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 1608 1608 1608
Ast, provided (%) 1.07 1.07 1.07
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 0.00 136.52 0.00
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 0.00 136.52 0.00
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.00 1.93 0.00
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.00 0.47 0.00
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.304 0.304 0.304
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 403.8 626.9 403.8
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 20 20 20
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 20 20 20
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 20 20 20
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 2 2 2
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 1608 1608 1608
Ast, provided (%) 1.07 1.07 1.07
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


119

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 62.54 0.00 62.54
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 82.02 184.24
Mh kN-m 315.68 315.68
Ms kN-m 315.68 315.68
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 62.54 62.54
Shear stress N/mm2 0.470 0.000 0.470
% of tensile steel % 1.209 1.209 1.209
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 0.787 0.787 0.787 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.985 0.985 0.985 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)

Dist enhancement factor 1.000 1.000 1.000


Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.775 0.775 0.775
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 12
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 2 2 2
Asv provided mm2 226.2 226.2 226.2
spacing required = 837.0 837.0
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 983.95 983.95 983.95 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 150 150 150
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
Since pile cap depth is more than 600mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 250 * 532/100 = 66.5 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 2.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 226.2 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 154.7 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)

3a cr ε m

TRAIN LOAD Multification factor =


1 2  a cr 1.10
c nom  /  h  d c 
1.10

Total
+ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 109.22
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 2 1608.5 532.00 143.70 114.00


b2 20 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
532.00 10.362
b3 20 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 20 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
1608.5

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


120

Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00


Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 144.62 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 178.45 mm
Total compression = 231.14 kN
Total tension = 231.14 kN
Moment = 109.22 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 143.7 / 200000 = 0.00072


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 600.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 532.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 600.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 178.5 mm
Width of section, b = 250.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 250 * 421.55 * 421.55 / (3 * 200000 * 1608.5 * 353.55) = 0.00013

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*250*600*421.55/(0.00072*1608.5*421.55)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00020
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00086
Therefore average tensile strain em 3a cr ε m = 0.00073
1  2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 72.73 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack =

= 3 * 72.73 * 0.00073 / (1 + 2 * 20.73 / 353.55) = 0.142 mm


< 0.2 mm OK

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)

TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10

Total
+ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 136.52

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


121

Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 2 1608.5 532.00 179.62 114.00


b2 20 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
532.00 12.952
b3 20 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 20 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
1608.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 144.62 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 178.45 mm
Total compression = 288.92 kN
Total tension = 288.92 kN
Moment = 136.52 kN-m
s
3a cr ε m
cmin 1 2  a cr acr1
c nom  /  h  d c 

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 179.62 / 200000 = 0.00090


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 600.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 532.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 600.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 178.5 mm
Width of section, b = 250.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 250 * 421.55 * 421.55 / (3 * 200000 * 1608.5 * 353.55) = 0.00013

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*250*600*421.55/(0.0009*1608.5*421.55)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00016
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00107
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00094
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 72.73 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack =

= 3 * 72.73 * 0.00094 / (1 + 2 * 20.73 / 353.55) = 0.184 mm


< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


122

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)

TRAIN Multification factor = 1.10 1.10

Total
+ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 109.22
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 2 1608.5 532.00 143.70 114.00


b2 20 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
532.00 10.362
b3 20 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 20 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
1608.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 144.62 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 178.45 mm
Total compression = 231.14 kN
Total tension = 231.14 kN
Moment = 109.22 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 143.7 / 200000 = 0.00072


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 600.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 532.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 600.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 178.5 mm
Width of section, b = 250.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 250 * 421.55 * 421.55 / (3 * 200000 * 1608.5 * 353.55) = 0.00013

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*250*600*421.55/(0.00072*1608.5*421.55)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00020
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00086
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00073
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 72.73 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack =

= 3 * 72.73 * 0.00073 / (1 + 2 * 20.73 / 353.55) = 0.142 mm


< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


CB - 3
124

Beam number = CB3A & CB3B GRID MKD = J-K


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 40 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 16.95 m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
6720 2167 +ve 0.71 0.00 3.03 6.96 1.85 495.55
2303 WIND UNLOAD- 2304 WIND 2208 SEISM2304 WIND 2204 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2A
-ve -0.71 -235.48 -3.03 0.00 -1.85 -66.15
2304 WIND UNLOAD2101 NORMA 2303 WIND - 2303 WIND -
train load Multification factor = 1.75 0.00
6720 2167 +ve 0.00 0.11 0.00 0.10 0.00 5.40
9 LOAD GENERATION, 491 LOAD GE 9 LOAD GENE 1 TRACTIVE130 LOAD GE 175 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #175, (1
-ve 0.00 -0.57 0.00 -0.05 0.00 -6.32
435 LOAD GENERATIO 1 TRACTIVE451 LOAD GE 489 LOAD GE 482 LOAD GE 487 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #487, (5
Total
6720 2167 +ve 0.71 0.19 3.03 7.14 1.85 495.55
-ve -0.71 -236.48 -3.03 -0.08 -1.85 -66.15
Span Moment
6096 1067 +ve 0.11 59.54 2.85 0.00 1.70 0.00
2303 WIND UNLOADE2201 SEISMI 2304 WIND - 2303 WIND U -
-ve -0.11 0.00 -2.85 -16.65 -1.70 -212.62
2304 WIND UNLOADE- 2303 WIND 2101 NORMAL 2304 WIND U 2101 NORMAL LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 1.75
6096 1067 +ve 0.00 0.79 0.00 0.18 0.00 1.89
461 LOAD GENERATION
171 LOAD GEN 552 LOAD GEN319 LOAD GEN 480 LOAD GEN170 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #170, (167 o
-ve 0.00 -1.23 0.00 -0.06 0.00 -3.54
485 LOAD GENERATION
480 LOAD GEN 215 LOAD GEN59 LOAD GENE 552 LOAD GEN439 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #439, (6 of 2
Total
6096 1067 +ve 0.11 59.54 2.85 0.32 1.70 3.30
-ve -0.11 0.00 -2.85 -16.76 -1.70 -218.81
Right Support
6814 1080 +ve 0.17 0.00 1.97 21.10 0.93 142.04
2304 WIND UNLOAD- 2303 WIND 2101 NORMA 2303 WIND 2204 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2A
-ve -0.17 -163.89 -1.97 0.00 -0.93 0
2303 WIND UNLOAD2101 NORMA 2304 WIND - 2304 WIND -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.75 0.00
6814 1080 +ve 0.00 1.17 0.00 0.26 0.00 4.266
531 LOAD GENERATIO 171 LOAD GE 480 LOAD GE 327 LOAD GE 480 LOAD GE 480 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #480, (4
-ve 0.00 -1.88 0.00 -0.14 0.00 -2.973
461 LOAD GENERATIO 439 LOAD GE 64 LOAD GEN 50 LOAD GEN 76 LOAD GEN 171 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #171, (1
Total
6814 1080 +ve 0.17 2.04 1.97 21.56 0.93 142.04
-ve -0.17 -167.18 -1.97 -0.24 -0.93 0.00

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


125

Beam No.
CB3A/CB3B CB3B Remarks
Unit Midspan
CB3B right
LEFT
Width of Beam b 300 300 300
Depth of Beam D 900 900 900
Effective Depth d 800 832 832
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 495.55 3.30 142.04
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 495.55 3.30 142.04
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 2.58 0.02 0.68
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pt,Lim % 0.65 0.00 0.16
pt2 % 0.00 0.00 0.00
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 0.65 0.00 0.16
d' mm 68.00 68.00 68.00
d'/d mm 0.09 0.08 0.08
fsc N/mm2 416.55 417.37 417.37 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.304 0.304 0.304 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 1549.0 757.7 757.7
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at first layer = 2 2 2
Nos. of bars at second layer = 2 0 0
Nos. of bars at third layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 3217 1608 1608
Ast, provided (%) 1.19 0.60 0.60
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 66.15 218.81 0.00
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 66.15 218.81 0.00
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.34 1.05 0.00
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.08 0.25 0.00
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.304 0.304 0.304
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 774.5 757.7 757.7
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 2 2 2
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 1608 1608 1608
Ast, provided (%) 0.60 0.60 0.60
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


126

CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]


LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y kNmMoment-Z kNm
6720 5000 1057 0 -30.472 0 3.957 0 -23.285
2167 0 176.396 0 -3.957 0 -359.42
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6720 1 2167 0 0.573 0 -0.103 0 -5.105

TOTAL
6720 2167 0 176.74 0 0 0 -26.348

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
6814 5000 2215 0 -48.149 0 13.592 0 -94.343
1080 0 122.588 0 -13.592 0 -86.639

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6814 439 1080 0 1.881 0 0.095 0 -3.972

TOTAL
6814 1080 0 -47.02 0 0 0 -96.7262
0 0 123.72 0 0 0 -86.639

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 236.48 59.54 167.18
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 236.48 59.54 167.18
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 176.74 123.72
Mh kN-m 931.00 535.02
Ms kN-m 512.63 535.02
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 263.27 244.80
Shear stress N/mm2 1.097 0.239 0.981
% of tensile steel % 1.340 0.644 0.644
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 0.814 0.638 0.638 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.889 0.880 0.880 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)
Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.724 0.562 0.562
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 12
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 2 2 2
Asv provided mm2 226.2 226.2 226.2
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 819.96 819.96 819.96 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 424.43 4273.74 400.47 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 150 150 150
Hence Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


127

Side face Reinforcement


Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 300 * 800/100 = 120.0 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 4.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 452.4 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 152.8 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6720 2167 +ve 0 0 0 2.835 0 319.22
- - - 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 -157.025 0 0 0 0
1101 NORMAL LC1 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMA-
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6720 2167 +ve 0 0.109 0 0.103 0 5.4
9 LOAD GENERATION, 491 LOAD GE 9 LOAD GENE 1 TRACTIVE130 LOAD GE 175 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #175, (1
-ve 0 -0.573 0 -0.046 0 -6.322
435 LOAD GENERATIO 1 TRACTIVE451 LOAD GE 489 LOAD GE 482 LOAD GE 487 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #487, (5
Total
6720 2167 +ve 0.00 0.12 0.00 2.94 0.00 325.16
-ve 0.00 -157.66 0.00 -0.05 0.00 -6.95
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 2 1608.5 832.00 151.37 164.00


b2 32 2 1608.5 768.00 133.84
800.00 10.941
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
3217.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 217.48 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 279.53 mm
Total compression = 458.75 kN
Total tension = 458.75 kN
Moment = 325.16 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 151.37 / 200000 = 0.00076


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 900.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 832.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 900.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 279.5 mm
Width of section, b = 300.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 300 * 620.47 * 620.47 / (3 * 200000 * 3216.99 * 552.47) = 0.00011

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*300*900*620.47/(0.00076*3216.99*620.47)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00017
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00085
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00074
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 90.53 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


128

Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm


Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 90.53 * 0.00074 / (1 + 2 * 38.53 / 520.47) = 0.175 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


129

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6096 1067 +ve 0.00 34.44 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1101 NORMAL LC1 1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL
- - -

-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -11.10 0.00 -122.00


1101 NORMAL
- - - 1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMALLC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6096 1067 +ve 0 0.787 0 0.181 0 1.888
461 LOAD GENERATIO
171 LOAD GE 552 LOAD GE319 LOAD GE 480 LOAD GE170 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #170, (1
-ve 0 -1.226 0 -0.063 0 -3.535

485 LOAD GENERATIO


480 LOAD GE
215 LOAD GE
59 LOAD GEN
552 LOAD GE
439 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #439, (6
Total
6096 1067 +ve 0.00 35.31 0.00 0.18 0.00 2.08
-ve 0.00 -1.35 0.00 -11.17 0.00 -125.89
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 2 1608.5 832.00 102.94 164.00


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
832.00 5.130
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
1608.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 226.17 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 215.18 mm
Total compression = 165.58 kN
Total tension = 165.58 kN
Moment = 125.89 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 102.94 / 200000 = 0.00051


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 900.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 832.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 900.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 215.2 mm
Width of section, b = 300.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 300 * 684.82 * 684.82 / (3 * 200000 * 1608.5 * 616.82) = 0.00024

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*300*900*684.82/(0.00051*1608.5*684.82)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00050
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00057
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00034
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 90.53 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 90.53 * 0.00034 / (1 + 2 * 38.53 / 616.82) = 0.081 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


130

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6814 1080 +ve 0 0 0 14.043 0 78.396
- - - 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 -109.292 0 0 0 0
1101 NORMAL LC1 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMA-
TRAIN Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6814 1080 +ve 0 1.168 0 0.264 0 4.266
531 LOAD GENERATIO 171 LOAD GE 480 LOAD GE 327 LOAD GE 480 LOAD GE 480 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #480, (4
-ve 0 -1.881 0 -0.138 0 -2.973
461 LOAD GENERATIO 439 LOAD GE 64 LOAD GEN 50 LOAD GEN 76 LOAD GEN 171 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #171, (1
Total
6814 1080 +ve 0.00 1.28 0.00 14.31 0.00 83.09
-ve 0.00 -111.36 0.00 -0.14 0.00 -3.27
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 2 1608.5 832.00 67.94 164.00


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
832.00 3.386
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
1608.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 226.17 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 215.18 mm
Total compression = 109.29 kN
Total tension = 109.29 kN
Moment = 83.09 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 67.94 / 200000 = 0.00034


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 900.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 832.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 900.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 215.2 mm
Width of section, b = 300.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 300 * 684.82 * 684.82 / (3 * 200000 * 1608.5 * 616.82) = 0.00024

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*300*900*684.82/(0.00034*1608.5*684.82)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00075
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00038
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00014
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 90.53 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 90.53 * 0.00014 / (1 + 2 * 38.53 / 616.82) = 0.034 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


131

Deflection check in serviceability Limit State

Ref. staad file for deflection check at mid span of beam.

Deflection due to all loads except train load


Node L/C X-Trans Y-Trans mm Z-Trans mm Absolute mmX-Rotan rad Y-Rotan rad Z-Rotan rad
2175 1101 0.123 -4.535 -0.003 4.536 0.001 0 0.001

Deflection due to train load


2175 615 0.588 0.171 0.357 0.709 0 0 0

ALL LOADS EXCLUDING TRAIN LOAD


LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 1101
ABSOLUTE DISPLACEMENT = 4.535 mm
TRAIN LOAD
LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 615
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT DUE TO MOVING LOAD = 0.171 mm
TOTAL DEFLECTION = 4.706 mm

ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION = MIN. OF (L/350 OR 20 mm) = 20 mm WHICH IS >4.706 mm


HENCE THE BEAM IS SAFE IN DEFLECTION.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


CB - 4
133

Beam number = CB4A GRID MKD = K-L


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 40 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 17 m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
6106 1107 +ve 0.00 168.04 0.00 8.74 0.00 370.07
- 2205 SEISM2307 WIND 2209 SEISM2303 WIND 2201 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2A
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -12.53 0.00 -90.24
- - 2304 WIND 2204 SEISM2308 WIND 2212 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2A
train load Multification factor = 0.00 0.00
6106 1107 +ve 0.00 2.30 0.00 1.16 0.00 10.31
- 168 LOAD GE 520 LOAD GE480 LOAD GE 540 LOAD GE 169 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #169, (1
-ve 0.00 -5.83 0.00 -0.52 0.00 -22.11
- 480 LOAD GE 617 LOAD GE169 LOAD GE 527 LOAD GE 480 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #480, (4
Total
6106 1107 +ve 0.00 168.04 0.00 8.74 0.00 370.07
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -12.53 0.00 -90.24
Span Moment
6109 1165 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
- - 2308 WIND - 2304 WIND U -
-ve 0.00 -105.53 0.00 -7.93 0.00 -214.14
- 2201 SEISMI 2303 WIND 2205 SEISMI 2307 WIND U 2201 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2A
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 0.00
6109 1165 +ve 0.00 1.43 0.00 0.27 0.00 4.92
- 171 LOAD GEN 532 LOAD GEN574 LOAD GEN 507 LOAD GEN439 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #439, (6 of 2
-ve 0.00 -2.12 0.00 -0.04 0.00 -3.60
- 439 LOAD GEN 434 LOAD GEN32 LOAD GENE 613 LOAD GEN175 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #175, (172 o
Total
6109 1165 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
-ve 0.00 -105.53 0.00 -7.93 0.00 -214.14
Right Support
6110 1171 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 468.99
- - 2307 WIND - - 2204 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2A
-ve 0.00 -232.20 0.00 -10.10 0.00 0
- 2101 NORMA 2304 WIND 2205 SEISM2101 NORMA-
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.75 0.00
6110 1171 +ve 0.00 1.23 0.00 0.11 0.00 15.833
- 171 LOAD GE 525 LOAD GE131 LOAD GE 477 LOAD GE 480 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #480, (4
-ve 0.00 -2.68 0.00 -0.19 0.00 -8.468
- 480 LOAD GE 618 LOAD GE445 LOAD GE 523 LOAD GE 171 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #171, (1
Total
6110 1171 +ve 0.00 2.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 468.99
-ve 0.00 -236.89 0.00 -10.10 0.00 0.00

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


134

Beam No.
CB4A MID Remarks
Unit CB4A LEFT CB4A RIGHT
SPAN
Width of Beam b 300 300 300
Depth of Beam D 900 900 900
Effective Depth d 832 832 800
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 370.07 0.00 468.99
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 370.07 0.00 468.99
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 1.78 0.00 2.44
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pt,Lim % 0.43 0.00 0.61
pt2 % 0.00 0.00 0.00
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 0.43 0.00 0.61
d' mm 68.00 68.00 68.00
d'/d mm 0.08 0.08 0.09
fsc N/mm2 417.37 417.37 416.55 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.304 0.304 0.304 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 1081.1 757.7 1458.6
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at first layer = 2 2 2
Nos. of bars at second layer = 0 0 2
Nos. of bars at third layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 1608 1608 3217
Ast, provided (%) 0.60 0.60 1.19
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 90.24 214.14 0.00
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 90.24 214.14 0.00
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.43 1.03 0.00
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.10 0.24 0.00
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.304 0.304 0.304
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 757.7 757.7 729.3
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 2 2 2
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 1608 1608 1608
Ast, provided (%) 0.60 0.60 0.60
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


135

CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]


LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y kNmMoment-Z kNm
6106 5000 1107 0 99.853 0 -2.166 0 151.724
2430 0 -18.123 0 2.166 0 -24.907
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6106 480 2430 0 5.827 0 -1.157 0 10.312

TOTAL
6106 2430 0 103.35 0 0 0 157.9112

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
6110 5000 1165 0 -4.792 0 -6.332 0 -98.214
1171 0 174.266 0 6.332 0 -275.568

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6110 480 1171 0 2.68 0 0.191 0 -15.832

TOTAL
6110 1171 0 -3.18 0 0 0 -107.7132
0 0 175.87 0 0 0 -275.568

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 168.04 105.53 236.89
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 168.04 105.53 236.89
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 103.35 175.87
Mh kN-m 535.02 931.00
Ms kN-m 535.02 512.63
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 224.08 262.15
Shear stress N/mm2 0.898 0.423 1.092
% of tensile steel % 0.644 0.644 1.340
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 0.638 0.638 0.814 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.880 0.880 0.889 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)
Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.562 0.562 0.724
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 12
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 2 2 2
Asv provided mm2 226.2 226.2 226.2
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 819.96 819.96 819.96 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 445.65 1256.64 427.01 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 150 150 150
Hence Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


136

Side face Reinforcement


Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 300 * 832/100 = 124.8 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 4.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 452.4 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 152.8 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6106 1107 +ve 0 88.878 0 0 0 135.352
- 1101 NORMA - - 1101 NORMA1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 0 0 -1.981 0 0
- - 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6106 1107 +ve 0 2.3 0 1.157 0 10.305
- 168 LOAD GE 520 LOAD GE 480 LOAD GE 540 LOAD GE 169 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #169, (1
-ve 0 -5.827 0 -0.519 0 -22.112
- 480 LOAD GE 617 LOAD GE 169 LOAD GE 527 LOAD GE 480 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #480, (4
Total
6106 1107 +ve 0.00 91.41 0.00 1.16 0.00 146.69
-ve 0.00 -6.41 0.00 -2.50 0.00 -24.32
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 2 1608.5 832.00 119.95 164.00


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
832.00 5.978
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
1608.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 226.17 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 215.18 mm
Total compression = 192.94 kN
Total tension = 192.94 kN
Moment = 146.69 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 119.95 / 200000 = 0.00060


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 900.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 832.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 900.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 215.2 mm
Width of section, b = 300.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 300 * 684.82 * 684.82 / (3 * 200000 * 1608.5 * 616.82) = 0.00024

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*300*900*684.82/(0.0006*1608.5*684.82)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00043
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00067
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00043
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 90.53 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


137

Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm


Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 90.53 * 0.00043 / (1 + 2 * 38.53 / 616.82) = 0.104 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


138

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6109 1165 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
- - 1101 NORMAL
- 1101 NORMAL-

-ve 0.00 -63.95 0.00 -4.94 0.00 -142.70


1101 NORMAL
- 1101 NORMAL
- 1101 NORMAL
- LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6109 1165 +ve 0 1.425 0 0.274 0 4.922
- 171 LOAD GE 532 LOAD GE574 LOAD GE 507 LOAD GE439 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #439, (6
-ve 0 -2.121 0 -0.038 0 -3.604

- 439 LOAD GE
434 LOAD GE
32 LOAD GEN
613 LOAD GE
175 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #175, (1
Total
6109 1165 +ve 0.00 1.57 0.00 0.27 0.00 5.41
-ve 0.00 -66.29 0.00 -4.97 0.00 -146.66
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 2 1608.5 832.00 119.93 164.00


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
832.00 5.977
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
1608.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 226.17 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 215.18 mm
Total compression = 192.91 kN
Total tension = 192.91 kN
Moment = 146.66 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 119.93 / 200000 = 0.00060


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 900.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 832.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 900.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 215.2 mm
Width of section, b = 300.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 300 * 684.82 * 684.82 / (3 * 200000 * 1608.5 * 616.82) = 0.00024

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*300*900*684.82/(0.0006*1608.5*684.82)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00043
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00067
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00043
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 90.53 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 90.53 * 0.00043 / (1 + 2 * 38.53 / 616.82) = 0.104 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


139

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6110 1171 +ve 0 0 0 0 0 242.923
- - - - - 1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 -154.804 0 -4.959 0 0
- 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA-
TRAIN Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6110 1171 +ve 0 1.23 0 0.107 0 15.833
- 171 LOAD GE 525 LOAD GE 131 LOAD GE 477 LOAD GE 480 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #480, (4
-ve 0 -2.68 0 -0.193 0 -8.468
- 480 LOAD GE 618 LOAD GE 445 LOAD GE 523 LOAD GE 171 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #171, (1
Total
6110 1171 +ve 0.00 1.35 0.00 0.11 0.00 260.34
-ve 0.00 -157.75 0.00 -5.15 0.00 -9.31
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 2 1608.5 832.00 121.19 164.00


b2 32 2 1608.5 768.00 107.16
800.00 8.760
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
3217.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 217.48 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 279.53 mm
Total compression = 367.30 kN
Total tension = 367.30 kN
Moment = 260.34 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 121.19 / 200000 = 0.00061


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 900.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 832.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 900.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 279.5 mm
Width of section, b = 300.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 300 * 620.47 * 620.47 / (3 * 200000 * 3216.99 * 552.47) = 0.00011

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*300*900*620.47/(0.00061*3216.99*620.47)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00021
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00068
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00057
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 90.53 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 90.53 * 0.00057 / (1 + 2 * 38.53 / 520.47) = 0.135 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


140

Deflection check in serviceability Limit State

Ref. staad file for deflection check at mid span of beam.

Deflection due to all loads except train load


Node L/C X-Trans Y-Trans mm Z-Trans mm Absolute mmX-Rotan rad Y-Rotan rad Z-Rotan rad
1155 1101 0.126 -3.485 -0.136 3.49 0 0 0

Deflection due to train load


1155 306 0.29 0.05 0.164 0.336 0 0 0

ALL LOADS EXCLUDING TRAIN LOAD


LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 1101
ABSOLUTE DISPLACEMENT = 3.485 mm
TRAIN LOAD
LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 306
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT DUE TO MOVING LOAD = 0.050 mm
TOTAL DEFLECTION = 3.535 mm

ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION = MIN. OF (L/350 OR 20 mm) = 20 mm WHICH IS >3.535 mm


HENCE THE BEAM IS SAFE IN DEFLECTION.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


CB - 9
CB - 11
CB - 12 & CB-29A
144

Beam number = CB12B CB29A GRID MKD = H'-J


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 40 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 7.85 m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
7103 2419 +ve 0.00 327.84 0.00 14.84 0.00 836.70
- 2101 NORMA 2304 WIND 2101 NORMA 2307 WIND 2201 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2A
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2303 WIND UNLOAD- 2307 WIND - 2304 WIND -
train load Multification factor = 1.75 0.00
7103 2419 +ve 0.00 2.39 0.00 0.16 0.00 18.61
526 LOAD GENERATIO97 LOAD GEN 454 LOAD GE 71 LOAD GEN 520 LOAD GE 98 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #98, (95 o
-ve 0.00 -3.08 0.00 -0.27 0.00 -27.26
119 LOAD GENERATIO3 BRAKING 520 LOAD GE 443 LOAD GE 454 LOAD GE 3 BRAKING + TRACTIVE + RACKING BO
Total
7103 2419 +ve 0.00 332.02 0.00 15.13 0.00 836.70
-ve 0.00 -5.39 0.00 -0.47 0.00 0.00
Span Moment
7103 2422 +ve 0.00 159.23 0.00 14.84 0.00 70.85
- 2204 SEISMI 2304 WIND 2101 NORMAL 2304 WIND U 2212 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2A
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -344.34
2303 WIND UNLOADE- 2307 WIND - 2307 WIND U 2201 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2A
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 1.75
7103 2422 +ve 0.00 2.39 0.00 0.17 0.00 10.08
138 LOAD GENERATION
97 LOAD GENE552 LOAD GEN71 LOAD GENE 576 LOAD GEN98 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #98, (95 of 21
-ve 0.00 -3.09 0.00 -0.27 0.00 -16.40
515 LOAD GENERATION
3 BRAKING +592 LOAD GEN 442 LOAD GEN 592 LOAD GEN647 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #647, (214 o
Total
7103 2422 +ve 0.00 159.23 0.00 15.13 0.00 88.48
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.48 0.00 -373.04
Right Support
7105 2420 +ve 0.00 28.57 0.00 14.84 0.00 0.00
- 2212 SEISM2307 WIND 2101 NORMA 2307 WIND -
-ve 0.00 -55.94 0.00 0.00 0.00 -382.537
2302 WIND UNLOAD2251 SEISM2304 WIND - 2304 WIND 2201 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2A
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 0.00
7105 2420 +ve 0.00 2.39 0.00 0.17 0.00 1.537
570 LOAD GENERATIO97 LOAD GEN 525 LOAD GE71 LOAD GEN - 98 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #98, (95 o
-ve 0.00 -3.09 0.00 -0.27 0.00 -5.765
565 LOAD GENERATIO3 BRAKING 461 LOAD GE 442 LOAD GE 497 LOAD GE 601 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #601, (1
Total
7105 2420 +ve 0.00 28.57 0.00 15.13 0.00 0.00
-ve 0.00 -55.94 0.00 -0.48 0.00 -382.54

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


145

Beam No.
CB 12B/CB Remarks
Unit CB 12B/CB 29A MID CB 12B/CB
29A LEFT SPAN 29A RIGHT
Width of Beam b 300 300 300
Depth of Beam D 1500 1500 1500
Effective Depth d 1432 1432 1432
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 836.70 88.48 0.00
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 836.70 88.48 0.00
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 1.36 0.14 0.00
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pt,Lim % 0.33 0.03 0.00
pt2 % 0.00 0.00 0.00
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 0.33 0.03 0.00
d' mm 68.00 68.00 68.00
d'/d mm 0.05 0.05 0.05
fsc N/mm2 424.25 424.25 424.25 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.304 0.304 0.304 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 1400.3 1304.2 1304.2
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at first layer = 2 2 2
Nos. of bars at second layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at third layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 1608 1608 1608
Ast, provided (%) 0.36 0.36 0.36
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 0.00 373.04 382.54
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 0.00 373.04 382.54
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.00 0.61 0.62
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.00 0.14 0.15
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.304 0.304 0.304
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 1304.2 1304.2 1304.2
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 2 2 2
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 1608 1608 1608
Ast, provided (%) 0.36 0.36 0.36
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


146

CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]


LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y kNmMoment-Z kNm
7103 5000 2419 0 232.413 0 11.25 0 454.206
2422 0 -102.34 0 -11.25 0 166.718
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
7103 3 2422 0 3.086 0 0.161 0 16.238

TOTAL
7103 2422 0 234.26 0 0 0 463.9488

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
7105 5000 2422 0 102.34 0 11.25 0 -166.718
2420 0 27.733 0 -11.25 0 278.038

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
7105 3 2420 0 3.086 0 0.161 0 5.198

TOTAL
7105 2420 0 104.19 0 0 0 -163.5992
0 0 29.58 0 0 0 278.038

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 332.02 159.23 55.94
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 332.02 159.23 55.94
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 234.26 104.19
Mh kN-m 954.84 954.84
Ms kN-m 954.84 954.84
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 574.84 444.77
Shear stress N/mm2 1.338 0.371 1.035
% of tensile steel % 0.374 0.374 0.374
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 0.532 0.532 0.532 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.769 0.769 0.769 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)
Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.409 0.409 0.409
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 12
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 2 2 2
Asv provided mm2 226.2 226.2 226.2
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 819.96 819.96 819.96 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 246.82 907.59 319.66 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 150 150 150
Hence Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


147

Side face Reinforcement


Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 300 * 1432/100 = 214.8 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 8.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 904.8 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 151.6 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
7103 2419 +ve 0 218.527 0 9.893 0 415.182
- 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 0 0 0 0 0
1101 NORMAL LC1 - - - 1101 NORMA-
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
7103 2419 +ve 0 2.387 0 0.164 0 18.612
526 LOAD GENERATIO 97 LOAD GEN 454 LOAD GE 71 LOAD GEN 520 LOAD GE 98 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #98, (95 o
-ve 0 -3.082 0 -0.271 0 -27.259
119 LOAD GENERATIO 3 BRAKING 520 LOAD GE 443 LOAD GE 454 LOAD GE 3 BRAKING + TRACTIVE + RACKING BO
Total
7103 2419 +ve 0.00 221.15 0.00 10.06 0.00 435.66
-ve 0.00 -3.39 0.00 -0.27 0.00 -29.98
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 2 1608.5 1432.00 202.96 164.00


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
1432.00 7.441
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
1608.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 389.28 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 292.47 mm
Total compression = 326.45 kN
Total tension = 326.45 kN
Moment = 435.66 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 202.96 / 200000 = 0.00101


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 292.5 mm
Width of section, b = 300.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 300 * 1207.53 * 1207.53 / (3 * 200000 * 1608.5 * 1139.53) = 0.00040

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*300*1500*1207.53/(0.00101*1608.5*1207.53)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00042
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00108
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00068
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 90.53 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


148

Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm


Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 90.53 * 0.00068 / (1 + 2 * 38.53 / 1139.53) = 0.172 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


149

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
7103 2422 +ve 0.00 92.84 0.00 9.89 0.00 0.00
- 1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL-

-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -164.89


1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL LC1 - - - - LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
7103 2422 +ve 0 2.388 0 0.165 0 10.076
138 LOAD GENERATIO
97 LOAD GEN 552 LOAD GE71 LOAD GEN 576 LOAD GE98 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #98, (95 o
-ve 0 -3.086 0 -0.274 0 -16.401

515 LOAD GENERATIO


3 BRAKING 592 LOAD GE
442 LOAD GE
592 LOAD GE
647 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #647, (2
Total
7103 2422 +ve 0.00 95.46 0.00 10.06 0.00 11.08
-ve 0.00 -3.39 0.00 -0.27 0.00 -182.94
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 2 1608.5 1432.00 85.22 164.00


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
1432.00 3.125
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
1608.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 389.28 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 292.47 mm
Total compression = 137.08 kN
Total tension = 137.08 kN
Moment = 182.94 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 85.22 / 200000 = 0.00043


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 292.5 mm
Width of section, b = 300.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 300 * 1207.53 * 1207.53 / (3 * 200000 * 1608.5 * 1139.53) = 0.00040

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*300*1500*1207.53/(0.00043*1608.5*1207.53)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00100
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00045
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00005
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 90.53 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 90.53 * 0.00005 / (1 + 2 * 38.53 / 1139.53) = 0.014 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


150

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
7105 2420 +ve 0 0 0 9.893 0 0
- - - 1101 NORMA - -
-ve 0 -32.854 0 0 0 -249.06
1101 NORMAL LC1 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMA1101 NORMAL LC1
TRAIN Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
7105 2420 +ve 0 2.388 0 0.165 0 1.537
570 LOAD GENERATIO 97 LOAD GEN 525 LOAD GE 71 LOAD GEN - 98 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #98, (95 o
-ve 0 -3.086 0 -0.274 0 -5.765
565 LOAD GENERATIO 3 BRAKING 461 LOAD GE 442 LOAD GE 497 LOAD GE 601 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #601, (1
Total
7105 2420 +ve 0.00 2.63 0.00 10.06 0.00 1.69
-ve 0.00 -36.25 0.00 -0.27 0.00 -255.40
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 2 1608.5 1432.00 0.79 164.00


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
1432.00 0.029
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
1608.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 389.28 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 292.47 mm
Total compression = 1.27 kN
Total tension = 1.27 kN
Moment = 1.69 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 0.79 / 200000 = 0.00000


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 292.5 mm
Width of section, b = 300.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 300 * 1207.53 * 1207.53 / (3 * 200000 * 1608.5 * 1139.53) = 0.00040

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*300*1500*1207.53/(0*1608.5*1207.53)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.10798
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00000
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00000
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 90.53 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 90.53 * 0 / (1 + 2 * 38.53 / 1139.53) = 0.000 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


151

Deflection check in serviceability Limit State

Ref. staad file for deflection check at mid span of beam.

Deflection due to all loads except train load


Node L/C X-Trans Y-Trans mm Z-Trans mm Absolute mmX-Rotan rad Y-Rotan rad Z-Rotan rad
2420 1101 0.221 -11.042 0.013 11.044 -0.001 0 -0.001

Deflection due to train load


2420 507 0.578 -0.078 0.345 0.677 0 0 0

ALL LOADS EXCLUDING TRAIN LOAD


LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 1101
ABSOLUTE DISPLACEMENT = 11.042 mm
TRAIN LOAD
LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 507
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT DUE TO MOVING LOAD = 0.078 mm
TOTAL DEFLECTION = 11.12 mm

ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION = MIN. OF (L/350 OR 20 mm) = 20 mm WHICH IS >11.12 mm


HENCE THE BEAM IS SAFE IN DEFLECTION.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


CB - 15C
153

Beam number = CB15C GRID MKD = H'-J


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 40 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 16 m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
6331 1002 +ve 0.00 647.46 0.00 73.16 0.00 1154.03
- 2101 NORMA 2304 WIND 2205 SEISM2304 WIND 2201 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2A
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
- - 2307 WIND - 2307 WIND -
train load Multification factor = 1.75 0.00
6331 1002 +ve 0.00 1.08 0.00 0.35 0.00 19.11
- 86 LOAD GEN 589 LOAD GE97 LOAD GEN 475 LOAD GE 97 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #97, (94 o
-ve 0.00 -2.64 0.00 -1.32 0.00 -28.25
- 455 LOAD GE 534 LOAD GE580 LOAD GE 205 LOAD GE 434 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #434, (1
Total
6331 1002 +ve 0.00 649.34 0.00 73.77 0.00 1154.03
-ve 0.00 -4.62 0.00 -2.31 0.00 0.00
Span Moment
6729 2176 +ve 0.00 55.35 0.00 195.22 0.00 0.00
- 2212 SEISMI 2307 WIND 2101 NORMAL 2307 WIND U -
-ve 0.00 -100.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 -2304.00
- 2251 SEISMI 2304 WIND - 2304 WIND U 2101 NORMAL LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 1.75
6729 2176 +ve 0.00 4.55 0.00 1.10 0.00 17.31
- 93 LOAD GENE 422 LOAD GEN203 LOAD GEN 576 LOAD GEN453 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #453, (20 of
-ve 0.00 -7.91 0.00 -1.77 0.00 -8.17
- 647 LOAD GEN 503 LOAD GEN507 LOAD GEN 547 LOAD GEN160 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #160, (157 o
Total
6729 2176 +ve 0.00 55.35 0.00 197.15 0.00 30.30
-ve 0.00 -100.33 0.00 -3.10 0.00 -2318.29
Right Support
6757 1046 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2971.75
- - 2303 WIND - - 2204 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2A
-ve 0.00 -1140.98 0.00 -80.09 0.00 0
- 2101 NORMA 2308 WIND 2205 SEISM2101 NORMA-
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.75 0.00
6757 1046 +ve 0.00 3.43 0.00 0.79 0.00 42.2
- 175 LOAD GE 624 LOAD GE647 LOAD GE 473 LOAD GE 462 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #462, (2
-ve 0.00 -4.69 0.00 -0.56 0.00 -27.023
- 502 LOAD GE 637 LOAD GE101 LOAD GE 602 LOAD GE 169 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #169, (1
Total
6757 1046 +ve 0.00 5.99 0.00 1.37 0.00 2971.75
-ve 0.00 -1149.19 0.00 -81.07 0.00 0.00

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


154

Beam No.
CB 15C MID Remarks
Unit
CB 15C LEFT SPAN CB 15C RIGHT
Width of Beam b 450 450 450
Depth of Beam D 1500 1500 1500
Effective Depth d 1432 1368 1336
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 1154.03 30.30 2971.75
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 1154.03 30.30 2971.75
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 1.25 0.04 3.70
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pt,Lim % 0.30 0.01 0.97
pt2 % 0.00 0.00 0.00
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 0.30 0.01 0.97
d' mm 68.00 68.00 68.00
d'/d mm 0.05 0.05 0.05
fsc N/mm2 424.25 423.90 423.70 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.304 0.304 0.304 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 1956.3 2132.7 5817.5
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at first layer = 4 4 4
Nos. of bars at second layer = 0 0 4
Nos. of bars at third layer = 0 0 4
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 0 0 2
Ast,Provided 3217 3217 11259
Ast, provided (%) 0.48 0.48 1.67
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 0.00 2318.29 0.00
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 0.00 2318.29 0.00
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.00 2.75 0.00
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.00 0.69 0.00
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.304 0.304 0.304
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 1956.3 4265.5 2908.7
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 4 4 4
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 0 4 2
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 2 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 3217 8042 4825
Ast, provided (%) 0.48 1.19 0.71
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


155

CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]


LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNm
Moment-Y kNmMoment-Z kNm
6331 5000 1002 0 470.16 0 49.9309 0 762.93738
2182 0 -227.391 0 -49.9309 0 1.15E+03
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6331 455 2182 0 2.628 0 0.609 0 11.914

TOTAL
6331 2182 0 471.74 0 0 0 770.08578

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
6757 5000 2176 0 -587.223 0 -55.83416 0 -1.74E+03
1046 0 850.379 0 55.83416 0 -2.21E+03

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6757 502 1046 0 4.481 0 -0.24 0 -38.209

TOTAL
6757 1046 0 -584.53 0 0 0 -1764.9754
0 0 853.07 0 0 0 -2207.76

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 649.34 100.33 1149.19
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 649.34 100.33 1149.19
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 471.74 853.07
Mh kN-m 1878.25 5004.02
Ms kN-m 1878.25 2521.61
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 1073.94 1238.06
Shear stress N/mm2 1.667 0.163 2.059
% of tensile steel % 0.499 0.523 1.873
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 0.586 0.595 0.911 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.769 0.778 0.782 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)
Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.450 0.463 0.712
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 12
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 2 2 2
Asv provided mm2 226.2 226.2 226.2
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 546.64 546.64 546.64 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 135.30 2179.31 125.15 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 100 150 100
Hence Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


156

Side face Reinforcement


Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 450 * 1432/100 = 322.2 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 8.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 904.8 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 151.6 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6331 1002 +ve 0 431.614 0 41.23673 0 688.0451
- 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 0 0 0 0 0
- - - - - -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6331 1002 +ve 0 1.075 0 0.348 0 19.111
- 86 LOAD GEN 589 LOAD GE 97 LOAD GEN 475 LOAD GE 97 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #97, (94 o
-ve 0 -2.641 0 -1.318 0 -28.251
- 455 LOAD GE 534 LOAD GE 580 LOAD GE 205 LOAD GE 434 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #434, (1
Total
6331 1002 +ve 0.00 432.80 0.00 41.58 0.00 709.07
-ve 0.00 -2.91 0.00 -1.32 0.00 -31.08
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 1432.00 166.80 104.67


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
1432.00 7.187
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
3217.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 389.28 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 331.83 mm
Total compression = 536.61 kN
Total tension = 536.61 kN
Moment = 709.07 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 166.8 / 200000 = 0.00083


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 331.8 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 1168.17 * 1168.17 / (3 * 200000 * 3216.99 * 1100.17) = 0.00029

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1500*1168.17/(0.00083*3216.99*1168.17)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00038
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00089
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00060
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


157

Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm


Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.0006 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 1100.17) = 0.121 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


158

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6729 2176 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 130.21 0.00 0.00
- - - 1101 NORMAL
- -

-ve 0.00 -55.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1536.20


1101 NORMAL
- 1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL
- 1101 NORMALLC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6729 2176 +ve 0 4.549 0 1.102 0 17.314
- 93 LOAD GEN 422 LOAD GE203 LOAD GE 576 LOAD GE453 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #453, (2
-ve 0 -7.911 0 -1.769 0 -8.168

- 647 LOAD GE
503 LOAD GE
507 LOAD GE
547 LOAD GE
160 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #160, (1
Total
6729 2176 +ve 0.00 5.00 0.00 131.31 0.00 19.05
-ve 0.00 -63.78 0.00 -1.77 0.00 -1545.18
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 1432.00 165.75 104.67


b2 32 4 3217.0 1368.00 154.66
1368.00 11.784
b3 32 2 1608.5 1304.00 143.56
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
8042.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 371.88 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 475.85 mm
Total compression = 1261.66 kN
Total tension = 1261.66 kN
Moment = 1545.18 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 165.75 / 200000 = 0.00083


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 475.8 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 1024.15 * 1024.15 / (3 * 200000 * 8042.48 * 956.15) = 0.00010

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1500*1024.15/(0.00083*8042.48*1024.15)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00015
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00089
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00079
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00079 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 892.15) = 0.158 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


159

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6757 1046 +ve 0 0 0 0 0 1.98E+03
- - 1101 NORMA - - 1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 -760.689 0 -44.507 0 0
- 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA-
TRAIN Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6757 1046 +ve 0 3.425 0 0.785 0 42.2
- 175 LOAD GE 624 LOAD GE 647 LOAD GE 473 LOAD GE 462 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #462, (2
-ve 0 -4.688 0 -0.562 0 -27.023
- 502 LOAD GE 637 LOAD GE 101 LOAD GE 602 LOAD GE 169 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #169, (1
Total
6757 1046 +ve 0.00 3.77 0.00 0.79 0.00 2023.78
-ve 0.00 -765.85 0.00 -45.07 0.00 -29.73
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 1432.00 168.14 104.67


b2 32 4 3217.0 1368.00 156.15
1336.00 14.301
b3 32 4 3217.0 1304.00 144.16
b4 32 2 1608.5 1240.00 132.17
11259.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 363.18 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 534.41 mm
Total compression = 1719.57 kN
Total tension = 1719.57 kN
Moment = 2023.78 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 168.14 / 200000 = 0.00084


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 534.4 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 965.59 * 965.59 / (3 * 200000 * 11259.47 * 897.59) = 0.00007

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1500*965.59/(0.00084*11259.47*965.59)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00011
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00090
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00084
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00084 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 801.59) = 0.167 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


160

Deflection check in serviceability Limit State

Ref. staad file for deflection check at mid span of beam.

Deflection due to all loads except train load


Node L/C X-Trans Y-Trans mm Z-Trans mm Absolute mmX-Rotan rad Y-Rotan rad Z-Rotan rad
2170 1101 0.156 -10.725 0.013 10.726 0 0 0

Deflection due to train load


2170 574 0.587 -0.088 0.355 0.692 0 0 0

ALL LOADS EXCLUDING TRAIN LOAD


LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 1101
ABSOLUTE DISPLACEMENT = 10.725 mm
TRAIN LOAD
LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 574
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT DUE TO MOVING LOAD = 0.088 mm
TOTAL DEFLECTION = 10.813 mm

ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION = MIN. OF (L/350 OR 20 mm) = 20 mm WHICH IS >10.813 mm


HENCE THE BEAM IS SAFE IN DEFLECTION.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


CB - 16
162

Beam number = CB16A GRID MKD = J-K


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 40 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 17 m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
6195 1045 +ve 0.00 365.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 986.85
- 2101 NORMA 2303 WIND - 2304 WIND 2101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -37.74 0.00 0.00
- - 2308 WIND 2101 NORMA 2307 WIND -
train load Multification factor = 1.75 1.75
6195 1045 +ve 0.00 0.32 0.00 0.39 0.00 2.07
- 491 LOAD GE 569 LOAD GE516 LOAD GE 645 LOAD GE 118 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #118, (1
-ve 0.00 -0.37 0.00 -0.45 0.00 -4.19
- 212 LOAD GE 637 LOAD GE102 LOAD GE 596 LOAD GE 622 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #622, (1
Total
6195 1045 +ve 0.00 365.57 0.00 0.68 0.00 990.48
-ve 0.00 -0.65 0.00 -38.52 0.00 -7.33
Span Moment
6201 2217 +ve 0.04 0.00 0.19 0.45 0.30 0.00
2302 WIND UNLOADE- 2304 WIND 2216 SEISMI 2304 WIND U -
-ve -0.04 -65.07 -0.19 -2.34 -0.30 -290.67
2301 WIND UNLOADE2101 NORMAL 2303 WIND 2205 SEISMI 2303 WIND U 2101 NORMAL LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.75 1.75
6201 2217 +ve 0.00 0.56 0.00 0.29 0.00 0.54
442 LOAD GENERATION
167 LOAD GEN 528 LOAD GEN378 LOAD GEN 576 LOAD GEN434 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #434, (1 of 2
-ve 0.00 -0.80 0.00 -0.19 0.00 -0.61
456 LOAD GENERATION
440 LOAD GEN 561 LOAD GEN274 LOAD GEN 519 LOAD GEN113 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #113, (110 o
Total
6201 2217 +ve 0.04 0.98 0.19 0.96 0.30 0.95
-ve -0.04 -66.47 -0.19 -2.67 -0.30 -291.74
Right Support
6202 1112 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 46.30 0.00 859.42
- - 2303 WIND 2101 NORMA 2304 WIND 2101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0.00 -444.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0
- 2101 NORMA 2354 WIND - 2307 WIND -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.75 1.75
6202 1112 +ve 0.00 0.22 0.00 0.27 0.00 4.244
- 4 LOAD GENE 596 LOAD GE115 LOAD GE 436 LOAD GE 611 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #611, (1
-ve 0.00 -0.56 0.00 -0.29 0.00 -2.386
- 614 LOAD GE 440 LOAD GE516 LOAD GE 645 LOAD GE 203 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #203, (2
Total
6202 1112 +ve 0.00 0.38 0.00 46.78 0.00 866.84
-ve 0.00 -445.21 0.00 -0.50 0.00 -4.18

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


163

Beam No.
CB 16A MID Remarks
Unit CB16A LEFT
SPAN
CB 16A RIGHT

Width of Beam b 450 450 450


Depth of Beam D 750 750 750
Effective Depth d 618 682 650
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 990.48 0.95 866.84
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 990.48 0.95 866.84
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 5.76 0.00 4.56
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Doubly Singly Singly
pt,Lim % 1.51 0.00 1.24
pt2 % 0.12 0.00 0.00
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 1.63 0.00 1.24
d' mm 68.00 68.00 68.00
d'/d mm 0.11 0.10 0.10
fsc N/mm2 409.38 412.54 411.07 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.13 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.304 0.304 0.304 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 4523.5 1130.9 3628.7
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at first layer = 4 4 4
Nos. of bars at second layer = 4 0 4
Nos. of bars at third layer = 2 0 0
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 8042 3217 6434
Ast, provided (%) 2.38 0.95 1.91
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 7.33 291.74 4.18
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 7.33 291.74 4.18
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.04 1.39 0.02
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.01 0.33 0.01
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.13 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.304 0.304 0.304
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 2261.8 1130.9 1814.3
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 4 4 4
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 3217 3217 3217
Ast, provided (%) 0.95 0.95 0.95
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


164

CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]


LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y kNmMoment-Z kNm
6195 5000 1045 0 255.021 0 -27.373 0 700.795
1059 0 -136.973 0 27.373 0 24.394
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6195 212 1059 0 0.374 0 0.292 0 -2.624

TOTAL
6195 1059 0 255.25 0 0 0 699.2206

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
6202 5000 1093 0 -83.514 0 33.644 0 -134.698
1112 0 319.379 0 -33.644 0 -610.654

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6202 614 1112 0 0.56 0 0.141 0 -4.236

TOTAL
6202 1112 0 -83.18 0 0 0 -137.2396
0 0 319.72 0 0 0 -610.654

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 365.57 66.47 445.21
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 365.57 66.47 445.21
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 255.25 319.72
Mh kN-m 914.33 1316.50
Ms kN-m 739.15 783.93
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 424.53 459.57
Shear stress N/mm2 1.527 0.217 1.571
% of tensile steel % 2.892 1.048 2.200
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 1.052 0.750 0.961 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.948 0.925 0.937 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)
Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.998 0.694 0.900
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 12
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 2 2 2
Asv provided mm2 226.2 226.2 226.2
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 546.64 546.64 546.64 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 235.52 -2811.23 204.07 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 125 150 125
Hence Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


165

Side face Reinforcement


Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 450 * 618/100 = 139.1 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 3.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 339.3 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 153.5 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6195 1045 +ve 0 243.322 0 0 0 657.87073
- 1101 NORMA - - 1101 NORMA1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 0 0 -25.14961 0 0
- - - 1101 NORMA - -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6195 1045 +ve 0 0.322 0 0.388 0 2.07
- 491 LOAD GE 569 LOAD GE 516 LOAD GE 645 LOAD GE 118 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #118, (1
-ve 0 -0.374 0 -0.445 0 -4.191
- 212 LOAD GE 637 LOAD GE 102 LOAD GE 596 LOAD GE 622 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #622, (1
Total
6195 1045 +ve 0.00 243.68 0.00 0.39 0.00 660.15
-ve 0.00 -0.41 0.00 -25.59 0.00 -4.61
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 682.00 174.80 104.67


b2 32 4 3217.0 618.00 146.16
618.00 18.630
b3 32 2 1608.5 554.00 117.52
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
8042.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 168.00 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 291.41 mm
Total compression = 1221.54 kN
Total tension = 1221.54 kN
Moment = 660.15 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 174.8 / 200000 = 0.00087


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 750.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 682.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 750.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 291.4 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 458.59 * 458.59 / (3 * 200000 * 8042.48 * 390.59) = 0.00005

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*750*458.59/(0.00087*8042.48*458.59)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00007
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00103
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00098
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


166

Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm


Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00098 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 326.59) = 0.184 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


167

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6201 2217 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
- - 1101 NORMAL
- 1101 NORMAL-

-ve 0.00 -43.38 0.00 -1.47 0.00 -195.76


1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL LC1 1101 NORMAL
- 1101 NORMAL
- LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6201 2217 +ve 0 0.558 0 0.29 0 0.54
442 LOAD GENERATIO
167 LOAD GE 528 LOAD GE378 LOAD GE 576 LOAD GE434 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #434, (1
-ve 0 -0.803 0 -0.186 0 -0.611

456 LOAD GENERATIO


440 LOAD GE
561 LOAD GE
274 LOAD GE
519 LOAD GE
113 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #113, (1
Total
6201 2217 +ve 0.00 0.61 0.00 0.29 0.00 0.59
-ve 0.00 -44.26 0.00 -1.65 0.00 -196.43
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 682.00 100.10 104.67


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
682.00 6.627
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
3217.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 185.40 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 215.97 mm
Total compression = 322.01 kN
Total tension = 322.01 kN
Moment = 196.43 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 100.1 / 200000 = 0.00050


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 750.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 682.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 750.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 216.0 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 534.03 * 534.03 / (3 * 200000 * 3216.99 * 466.03) = 0.00014

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*750*534.03/(0.0005*3216.99*534.03)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00032
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00057
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00043
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00043 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 466.03) = 0.084 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


168

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6202 1112 +ve 0 0 0 30.8606 0 572.99597
- - 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 -296.156 0 0 0 0
- 1101 NORMA - - - -
TRAIN Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6202 1112 +ve 0 0.219 0 0.273 0 4.244
- 4 LOAD GENE 596 LOAD GE 115 LOAD GE 436 LOAD GE 611 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #611, (1
-ve 0 -0.56 0 -0.287 0 -2.386
- 614 LOAD GE 440 LOAD GE 516 LOAD GE 645 LOAD GE 203 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #203, (2
Total
6202 1112 +ve 0.00 0.24 0.00 31.13 0.00 577.66
-ve 0.00 -296.77 0.00 -0.29 0.00 -2.62
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 682.00 173.58 104.67


b2 32 4 3217.0 618.00 146.33
650.00 16.678
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
6434.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 176.70 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 274.25 mm
Total compression = 1029.14 kN
Total tension = 1029.14 kN
Moment = 577.66 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 173.58 / 200000 = 0.00087


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 750.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 682.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 750.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 274.3 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 475.75 * 475.75 / (3 * 200000 * 6433.98 * 407.75) = 0.00006

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*750*475.75/(0.00087*6433.98*475.75)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00009
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00101
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00095
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00095 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 375.75) = 0.181 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


169

Deflection check in serviceability Limit State

Ref. staad file for deflection check at mid span of beam.

Deflection due to all loads except train load


Node L/C X-Trans Y-Trans mm Z-Trans mm Absolute mmX-Rotan rad Y-Rotan rad Z-Rotan rad
2217 1101 0.153 -10.812 -0.069 10.813 0.001 0 0

Deflection due to train load


2217 539 0.587 -0.134 0.361 0.702 0 0 0

ALL LOADS EXCLUDING TRAIN LOAD


LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 1101
ABSOLUTE DISPLACEMENT = 10.812 mm
TRAIN LOAD
LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 539
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT DUE TO MOVING LOAD = 0.134 mm
TOTAL DEFLECTION = 10.946 mm

ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION = MIN. OF (L/350 OR 20 mm) = 20 mm WHICH IS >10.946 mm


HENCE THE BEAM IS SAFE IN DEFLECTION.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


170

Beam number = CB16B-CB16C GRID MKD = K-L


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 40 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 17 m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
6198 1112 +ve 0.00 301.86 0.00 0.00 0.00 644.43
- 2101 NORMA 2304 WIND - 2307 WIND 2101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -85.50 0.00 0.00
- - 2307 WIND 2101 NORMA 2304 WIND -
train load Multification factor = 1.75 1.75
6198 1112 +ve 0.00 1.59 0.00 0.45 0.00 5.33
- 116 LOAD GE 491 LOAD GE120 LOAD GE 624 LOAD GE 114 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #114, (1
-ve 0.00 -1.18 0.00 -0.60 0.00 -5.92
- 286 LOAD GE 551 LOAD GE434 LOAD GE 491 LOAD GE 515 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #515, (8
Total
6198 1112 +ve 0.00 304.65 0.00 0.78 0.00 653.76
-ve 0.00 -2.07 0.00 -86.54 0.00 -10.36
Span Moment
6861 2241 +ve 12.30 122.28 0.19 47.20 0.39 0.00
2302 WIND UNLOADE2101 NORMAL 2302 WIND 2201 SEISMI 2301 WIND U -
-ve -12.30 -16.28 -0.19 0.00 -0.39 -454.38
2301 WIND UNLOADE2212 SEISMI 2301 WIND - 2302 WIND U 2101 NORMAL LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.75 1.75
6861 2241 +ve 0.00 2.38 0.00 0.65 0.00 4.44
437 LOAD GENERATION
212 LOAD GEN 507 LOAD GEN141 LOAD GEN 138 LOAD GEN204 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #204, (201 o
-ve 0.00 -4.97 0.00 -0.88 0.00 -6.88
69 LOAD GENERATION,
516 LOAD GEN 95 LOAD GENE439 LOAD GEN 616 LOAD GEN580 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #580, (147 o
Total
6861 2241 +ve 12.30 126.44 0.19 48.35 0.39 7.76
-ve -12.30 -24.97 -0.19 -1.54 -0.39 -466.43
Right Support
6860 2240 +ve 12.67 0.00 0.42 24.39 1.04 944.34
2302 WIND UNLOAD- 2302 WIND 2101 NORMA 2302 WIND 2101 NORMAL LC1
-ve -12.67 -425.25 -0.42 0.00 -1.04 0
2301 WIND UNLOAD2101 NORMA 2301 WIND - 2301 WIND -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.75 1.75
6860 2240 +ve 0.00 1.58 0.00 0.31 0.00 24.324
502 LOAD GENERATIO 31 LOAD GEN 478 LOAD GE 62 LOAD GEN 601 LOAD GE 557 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #557, (1
-ve 0.00 -2.47 0.00 -0.57 0.00 -12.244
364 LOAD GENERATIO 561 LOAD GE 166 LOAD GE 526 LOAD GE 174 LOAD GE 31 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #31, (28 o
Total
6860 2240 +ve 12.67 2.77 0.42 24.93 1.04 986.90
-ve -12.67 -429.58 -0.42 -0.99 -1.04 -21.43

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


171

Beam No.
CB 16B MID CB 16B Remarks
Unit CB16B LEFT
SPAN RIGHT/CB 16C

Width of Beam b 450 450 450


Depth of Beam D 1000 1000 1000
Effective Depth d 900 932 900
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 653.76 7.76 986.90
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 653.76 7.76 986.90
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 1.79 0.02 2.71
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pt,Lim % 0.44 0.00 0.68
pt2 % 0.00 0.00 0.00
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 0.44 0.00 0.68
d' mm 68.00 68.00 68.00
d'/d mm 0.08 0.07 0.08
fsc N/mm2 418.84 419.42 418.84 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.304 0.304 0.304 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 1766.3 1273.2 2755.3
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at first layer = 4 4 4
Nos. of bars at second layer = 4 0 2
Nos. of bars at third layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 6434 3217 4825
Ast, provided (%) 1.43 0.71 1.07
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 10.36 466.43 21.43
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 10.36 466.43 21.43
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.03 1.19 0.06
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.01 0.28 0.01
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.304 0.304 0.304
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 1229.5 1273.2 1377.6
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 4 4 4
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 3217 3217 3217
Ast, provided (%) 0.71 0.71 0.71
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


172

CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]


LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y kNmMoment-Z kNm
6198 5000 1112 0 221.911 0 -62.237 0 465.397
1130 0 93.461 0 62.237 0 -174.779
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6198 116 1112 0 1.592 0 0.418 0 5.311

TOTAL
6198 1112 0 222.87 0 0 0 468.5836

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
6860 5000 2242 0 -99.044 0 15.253 0 -135.284
2240 0 285.292 0 -15.253 0 -667.017

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6860 561 2240 0 2.47 0 0.379 0 -24.108

TOTAL
6860 2240 0 -97.56 0 0 0 -149.7488
0 0 286.77 0 0 0 -667.017

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 304.65 126.44 429.58
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 304.65 126.44 429.58
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 222.87 286.77
Mh kN-m 2016.20 1606.41
Ms kN-m 1133.78 1133.78
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 448.53 546.18
Shear stress N/mm2 1.107 0.301 1.349
% of tensile steel % 1.589 0.767 1.191
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 0.862 0.676 0.783 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.863 0.856 0.863 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)
Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.744 0.579 0.676
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 12
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 2 2 2
Asv provided mm2 226.2 226.2 226.2
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 546.64 546.64 546.64 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 286.45 1781.36 203.88 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 125 150 125
Hence Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


173

Side face Reinforcement


Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 450 * 900/100 = 202.5 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 5.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 565.5 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 144.0 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6198 1112 +ve 0 201.233 0 0 0 429.48798
- 1101 NORMA - - 1101 NORMA1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 0 0 -57.04123 0 0
- - 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6198 1112 +ve 0 1.592 0 0.447 0 5.329
- 116 LOAD GE 491 LOAD GE 120 LOAD GE 624 LOAD GE 114 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #114, (1
-ve 0 -1.184 0 -0.595 0 -5.922
- 286 LOAD GE 551 LOAD GE 434 LOAD GE 491 LOAD GE 515 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #515, (8
Total
6198 1112 +ve 0.00 202.98 0.00 0.45 0.00 435.35
-ve 0.00 -1.30 0.00 -57.64 0.00 -6.51
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 932.00 90.53 104.67


b2 32 4 3217.0 868.00 80.81
900.00 7.291
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
6434.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 244.66 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 336.00 mm
Total compression = 551.20 kN
Total tension = 551.20 kN
Moment = 435.35 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 90.53 / 200000 = 0.00045


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1000.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 932.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1000.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 336.0 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 664 * 664 / (3 * 200000 * 6433.98 * 596) = 0.00009

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1000*664/(0.00045*6433.98*664)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00023
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00050
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00042
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


174

Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm


Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00042 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 564) = 0.082 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


175

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6861 2241 +ve 0.00 81.63 0.00 30.67 0.00 0.00
1101 NORMAL LC1 1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL
- -

-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -303.21


1101 NORMAL
- - - - 1101 NORMALLC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6861 2241 +ve 0 2.375 0 0.654 0 4.436
437 LOAD GENERATIO
212 LOAD GE 507 LOAD GE141 LOAD GE 138 LOAD GE204 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #204, (2
-ve 0 -4.967 0 -0.882 0 -6.884

69 LOAD GENERATION
516 LOAD GE
95 LOAD GEN
439 LOAD GE
616 LOAD GE
580 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #580, (1
Total
6861 2241 +ve 0.00 84.24 0.00 31.32 0.00 4.88
-ve 0.00 -5.46 0.00 -0.88 0.00 -310.78
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 932.00 114.26 104.67


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
932.00 6.296
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
3217.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 253.36 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 259.45 mm
Total compression = 367.56 kN
Total tension = 367.56 kN
Moment = 310.78 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 114.26 / 200000 = 0.00057


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1000.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 932.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1000.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 259.4 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 740.55 * 740.55 / (3 * 200000 * 3216.99 * 672.55) = 0.00019

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1000*740.55/(0.00057*3216.99*740.55)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00037
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00063
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00044
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00044 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 672.55) = 0.087 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


176

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6860 2240 +ve 0 0 0 16.28632 0 629.3476
- - 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 -283.473 0 0 0 0
1101 NORMAL LC1 1101 NORMA - - - -
TRAIN Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6860 2240 +ve 0 1.581 0 0.308 0 24.324
502 LOAD GENERATIO 31 LOAD GEN 478 LOAD GE 62 LOAD GEN 601 LOAD GE 557 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #557, (1
-ve 0 -2.47 0 -0.565 0 -12.244
364 LOAD GENERATIO 561 LOAD GE 166 LOAD GE 526 LOAD GE 174 LOAD GE 31 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #31, (28 o
Total
6860 2240 +ve 0.00 1.74 0.00 16.59 0.00 656.10
-ve 0.00 -286.19 0.00 -0.57 0.00 -13.47
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 932.00 173.44 104.67


b2 32 2 1608.5 868.00 155.82
900.00 11.891
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
4825.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 244.66 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 302.23 mm
Total compression = 808.59 kN
Total tension = 808.59 kN
Moment = 656.10 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 173.44 / 200000 = 0.00087


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1000.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 932.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1000.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 302.2 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 697.77 * 697.77 / (3 * 200000 * 4825.49 * 629.77) = 0.00012

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1000*697.77/(0.00087*4825.49*697.77)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00016
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00096
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00084
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00084 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 597.77) = 0.166 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


177

Deflection check in serviceability Limit State

Ref. staad file for deflection check at mid span of beam.

Deflection due to all loads except train load


Node L/C X-Trans Y-Trans mm Z-Trans mm Absolute mmX-Rotan rad Y-Rotan rad Z-Rotan rad
2241 1101 0.153 -6.23 -0.136 6.234 0.001 0 0

Deflection due to train load


2241 144 -0.323 -0.031 0.151 0.357 0 0 0

ALL LOADS EXCLUDING TRAIN LOAD


LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 1101
ABSOLUTE DISPLACEMENT = 6.23 mm
TRAIN LOAD
LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 144
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT DUE TO MOVING LOAD = 0.031 mm
TOTAL DEFLECTION = 6.261 mm

ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION = MIN. OF (L/350 OR 20 mm) = 20 mm WHICH IS >6.261 mm


HENCE THE BEAM IS SAFE IN DEFLECTION.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


CB - 18
910

Beam number = CB18A GRID MKD = H'-J


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 40 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 16 m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
6325 1004 +ve 0.00 282.58 0.00 55.89 0.00 406.10
- 2101 NORMA 2307 WIND 2201 SEISM2303 WIND 2201 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2A
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
- - 2304 WIND - 2308 WIND -
train load Multification factor = 1.75 0.00
6325 1004 +ve 0.00 0.82 0.00 0.50 0.00 9.87
- 86 LOAD GEN 569 LOAD GE53 LOAD GEN 568 LOAD GE 96 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #96, (93 o
-ve 0.00 -0.50 0.00 -0.82 0.00 -10.54
- 638 LOAD GE 459 LOAD GE501 LOAD GE 621 LOAD GE 647 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #647, (2
Total
6325 1004 +ve 0.00 284.01 0.00 56.77 0.00 406.10
-ve 0.00 -0.88 0.00 -1.43 0.00 0.00
Span Moment
6747 1036 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 20.76 0.00 0.00
- - 2308 WIND 2204 SEISMI - -
-ve 0.00 -128.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 -577.73
- 2101 NORMAL 2303 WIND - 2101 NORMAL2101 NORMAL LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.75 1.75
6747 1036 +ve 0.00 1.72 0.00 0.82 0.00 6.14
- 128 LOAD GEN 530 LOAD GEN439 LOAD GEN 484 LOAD GEN453 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #453, (20 of
-ve 0.00 -2.44 0.00 -0.73 0.00 -4.38
- 434 LOAD GEN 486 LOAD GEN71 LOAD GENE 532 LOAD GEN159 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #159, (156 o
Total
6747 1036 +ve 0.00 3.00 0.00 22.20 0.00 10.74
-ve 0.00 -132.27 0.00 -1.28 0.00 -585.39
Right Support
6284 1048 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 946.09
- - 2308 WIND - 2308 WIND 2101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0.00 -404.19 0.00 -64.65 0.00 0
- 2101 NORMA 2303 WIND 2101 NORMA 2303 WIND -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.75 1.75
6284 1048 +ve 0.00 1.05 0.00 0.16 0.00 16.226
- 97 LOAD GEN 597 LOAD GE434 LOAD GE 511 LOAD GE 462 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #462, (2
-ve 0.00 -2.16 0.00 -0.48 0.00 -8.956
- 647 LOAD GE 526 LOAD GE542 LOAD GE 541 LOAD GE 128 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #128, (1
Total
6284 1048 +ve 0.00 1.83 0.00 0.29 0.00 974.48
-ve 0.00 -407.98 0.00 -65.49 0.00 -15.67

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


911

Beam No.
CB 18A MID CB 18 A Remarks
Unit CB18A LEFT
RIGHT
SPAN
Width of Beam b 450 450 450
Depth of Beam D 1000 1000 1000
Effective Depth d 932 932 868
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 406.10 10.74 974.48
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 406.10 10.74 974.48
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 1.04 0.03 2.87
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pt,Lim % 0.25 0.01 0.73
pt2 % 0.00 0.00 0.00
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 0.25 0.01 0.73
d' mm 68.00 68.00 68.00
d'/d mm 0.07 0.07 0.08
fsc N/mm2 419.42 419.42 418.19 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.304 0.304 0.304 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 1273.2 1273.2 2839.0
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at first layer = 4 4 4
Nos. of bars at second layer = 0 0 4
Nos. of bars at third layer = 0 0 4
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 3217 3217 9651
Ast, provided (%) 0.71 0.71 2.14
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 0.00 585.39 15.67
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 0.00 585.39 15.67
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.00 1.50 0.05
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.00 0.36 0.01
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.304 0.304 0.304
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 1273.2 1512.2 1419.5
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 4 4 4
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 3217 3217 3217
Ast, provided (%) 0.71 0.71 0.71
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


912

CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]


LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y kNmMoment-Z kNm
6325 5000 1004 0 195.831 0 41.156 0 261.717
2181 0 18.852 0 -41.156 0 217.188
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6325 86 1004 0 0.818 0 0.308 0 9.06

TOTAL
6325 1004 0 196.32 0 0 0 267.153

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
6284 5000 1036 0 -71.297 0 -18.718 0 -64.262
1048 0 243.262 0 18.718 0 -660.796

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6284 647 1048 0 2.162 0 -0.111 0 -15.933
1048 0 281.355 0 51.36 0 -662.042
TOTAL
6284 1048 0 -70.00 0 0 0 -73.8218
1048 0 244.56 0 0 0 -1058.0212

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 284.01 132.27 407.98
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 284.01 132.27 407.98
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 196.32 244.56
Mh kN-m 1178.56 2512.93
Ms kN-m 1178.56 1089.00
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 519.33 442.97
Shear stress N/mm2 1.238 0.315 1.134
% of tensile steel % 0.767 0.767 2.471
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 0.676 0.676 0.999 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.856 0.856 0.871 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)
Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.579 0.579 0.870
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 12
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 2 2 2
Asv provided mm2 226.2 226.2 226.2
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 546.64 546.64 546.64 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 206.37 1599.93 329.28 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 150 150 150
Hence Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


913

Side face Reinforcement


Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 450 * 932/100 = 209.7 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 5.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 565.5 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 144.0 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6325 1004 +ve 0 186.571 0 35.814 0 249.92
- 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 0 0 0 0 0
- - - - - -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6325 1004 +ve 0 0.818 0 0.501 0 9.874
- 86 LOAD GEN 569 LOAD GE 53 LOAD GEN 568 LOAD GE 96 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #96, (93 o
-ve 0 -0.504 0 -0.815 0 -10.539
- 638 LOAD GE 459 LOAD GE 501 LOAD GE 621 LOAD GE 647 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #647, (2
Total
6325 1004 +ve 0.00 187.47 0.00 36.32 0.00 260.78
-ve 0.00 -0.55 0.00 -0.82 0.00 -11.59
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 932.00 95.87 104.67


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
932.00 5.284
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
3217.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 253.36 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 259.45 mm
Total compression = 308.43 kN
Total tension = 308.43 kN
Moment = 260.78 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 95.87 / 200000 = 0.00048


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1000.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 932.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1000.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 259.4 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 740.55 * 740.55 / (3 * 200000 * 3216.99 * 672.55) = 0.00019

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1000*740.55/(0.00048*3216.99*740.55)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00044
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00053
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00034
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


914

Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm


Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00034 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 672.55) = 0.067 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


915

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6747 2181 +ve 0.00 111.24 0.00 7.60 0.00 0.00
- 1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL-

-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1101 NORMAL


-386.91
- - - - - LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6747 1036 +ve 0 1.717 0 0.82 0 6.139
- 128 LOAD GE 530 LOAD GE439 LOAD GE 484 LOAD GE453 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #453, (2
-ve 0 -2.436 0 -0.73 0 -4.381

- 434 LOAD GE
486 LOAD GE
71 LOAD GEN
532 LOAD GE
159 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #159, (1
Total
6747 1036 +ve 0.00 113.13 0.00 8.42 0.00 6.75
-ve 0.00 -2.68 0.00 -0.73 0.00 -391.73
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 932.00 144.02 104.67


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
932.00 7.937
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
3217.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 253.36 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 259.45 mm
Total compression = 463.30 kN
Total tension = 463.30 kN
Moment = 391.73 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 144.02 / 200000 = 0.00072


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1000.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 932.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1000.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 259.4 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 740.55 * 740.55 / (3 * 200000 * 3216.99 * 672.55) = 0.00019

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1000*740.55/(0.00072*3216.99*740.55)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00030
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00079
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00060
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.0006 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 672.55) = 0.120 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


916

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6284 1048 +ve 0 0 0 0 0 616.148
- - 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMA1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 -263.092 0 -44.104 0 0
- 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMA - -
TRAIN Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6284 1048 +ve 0 1.045 0 0.163 0 16.226
- 97 LOAD GEN 597 LOAD GE 434 LOAD GE 511 LOAD GE 462 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #462, (2
-ve 0 -2.162 0 -0.479 0 -8.956
- 647 LOAD GE 526 LOAD GE 542 LOAD GE 541 LOAD GE 128 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #128, (1
Total
6284 1048 +ve 0.00 1.15 0.00 0.16 0.00 634.00
-ve 0.00 -265.47 0.00 -44.58 0.00 -9.85
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 932.00 99.62 104.67


b2 32 4 3217.0 868.00 88.03
868.00 9.884
b3 32 4 3217.0 804.00 76.43
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
9651.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 235.96 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 382.00 mm
Total compression = 849.54 kN
Total tension = 849.54 kN
Moment = 634.00 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 99.62 / 200000 = 0.00050


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1000.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 932.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1000.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 382.0 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 618 * 618 / (3 * 200000 * 9650.97 * 550) = 0.00005

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1000*618/(0.0005*9650.97*618)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00014
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00056
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00051
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00051 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 486) = 0.099 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


917

Deflection check in serviceability Limit State

Ref. staad file for deflection check at mid span of beam.

Deflection due to all loads except train load


Node L/C X-Trans Y-Trans mm Z-Trans mm Absolute mmX-Rotan rad Y-Rotan rad Z-Rotan rad
2181 1101 0.167 -7.608 0.021 7.61 -0.001 0 -0.001

Deflection due to train load


2181 574 0.586 -0.116 0.354 0.695 0 0 0

ALL LOADS EXCLUDING TRAIN LOAD


LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 1101
ABSOLUTE DISPLACEMENT = 7.608 mm
TRAIN LOAD
LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 574
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT DUE TO MOVING LOAD = 0.116 mm
TOTAL DEFLECTION = 7.724 mm

ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION = MIN. OF (L/350 OR 20 mm) = 20 mm WHICH IS >7.724 mm


HENCE THE BEAM IS SAFE IN DEFLECTION.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


918

Beam number = CB18B GRID MKD = J-K


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 40 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 17 m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
6809 1048 +ve 1.53 368.08 0.00 12.13 0.00 993.51
2302 WIND UNLOAD2101 NORMA 2304 WIND 2101 NORMA 2303 WIND 2101 NORMAL LC1
-ve -1.53 0.00 0.00 -0.73 0.00 0.00
2301 WIND UNLOAD- 2303 WIND 2216 SEISM2304 WIND -
train load Multification factor = 1.75 1.75
6809 1048 +ve 0.00 0.52 0.00 0.08 0.00 3.36
447 LOAD GENERATIO 460 LOAD GE 641 LOAD GE 82 LOAD GEN 353 LOAD GE 162 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #162, (1
-ve 0.00 -0.14 0.00 -0.29 0.00 -4.10
17 LOAD GENERATION 370 LOAD GE 247 LOAD GE 626 LOAD GE 559 LOAD GE 593 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #593, (1
Total
6809 1048 +ve 1.53 369.00 0.00 12.28 0.00 999.38
-ve -1.53 -0.24 0.00 -1.24 0.00 -7.18
Span Moment
6811 2211 +ve 1.68 127.59 0.09 10.97 0.13 0.00
2302 WIND UNLOADE2101 NORMAL 2304 WIND 2201 SEISMI 2303 WIND U -
-ve -1.68 0.00 -0.09 0.00 -0.13 360.79
2301 WIND UNLOADE- 2303 WIND - 2304 WIND U 2101 NORMAL LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.75 1.75
6811 2211 +ve 0.00 0.69 0.00 0.25 0.00 1.22
496 LOAD GENERATION
163 LOAD GEN 488 LOAD GEN377 LOAD GEN 561 LOAD GEN167 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #167, (164 o
-ve 0.00 -0.94 0.00 -0.28 0.00 -2.57
96 LOAD GENERATION,
624 LOAD GEN 594 LOAD GEN162 LOAD GEN 610 LOAD GEN625 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #625, (192 o
Total
6811 2211 +ve 1.68 128.81 0.09 11.41 0.13 2.13
-ve -1.68 -1.65 -0.09 -0.49 -0.13 356.28
Right Support
6813 2213 +ve 2.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.02 916.79
2302 WIND UNLOAD- 2304 WIND - 2304 WIND 2101 NORMAL LC1
-ve -2.00 -444.23 -0.02 -38.39 -0.02 0
2301 WIND UNLOAD2101 NORMA 2303 WIND 2101 NORMA 2303 WIND -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.75 1.75
6813 2213 +ve 0.00 0.14 0.00 0.43 0.00 5.568
434 LOAD GENERATIO 278 LOAD GE 633 LOAD GE 115 LOAD GE 633 LOAD GE 621 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #621, (1
-ve 0.00 -0.71 0.00 -0.67 0.00 -2.774
478 LOAD GENERATIO 622 LOAD GE 585 LOAD GE 565 LOAD GE 561 LOAD GE 165 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #165, (1
Total
6813 2213 +ve 2.00 0.24 0.02 0.75 0.02 926.53
-ve -2.00 -445.48 -0.02 -39.56 -0.02 -4.85

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


919

Beam No.
CB 18B MID CB 18 B Remarks
Unit CB18B LEFT
RIGHT
SPAN
Width of Beam b 450 450 450
Depth of Beam D 750 750 750
Effective Depth d 618 682 618
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 999.38 2.13 926.53
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 999.38 2.13 926.53
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 5.81 0.01 5.39
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Doubly Singly Doubly
pt,Lim % 1.51 0.00 1.51
pt2 % 0.13 0.00 0.02
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 1.64 0.00 1.53
d' mm 68.00 68.00 68.00
d'/d mm 0.11 0.10 0.11
fsc N/mm2 409.38 412.54 409.38 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.14 0.00 0.02
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.304 0.304 0.304 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 4562.5 1140.6 4244.1
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at first layer = 4 4 4
Nos. of bars at second layer = 4 0 4
Nos. of bars at third layer = 4 0 4
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 9651 3217 9651
Ast, provided (%) 2.86 0.95 2.86
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 7.18 -356.28 4.85
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 7.18 -356.28 4.85
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.04 -1.70 0.03
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.01 -0.37 0.01
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.14 0.00 0.02
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.304 0.304 0.304
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 2281.2 1140.6 2122.0
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 4 4 4
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 3217 3217 3217
Ast, provided (%) 0.95 0.95 0.95
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


920

CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]


LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y kNmMoment-Z kNm
6809 5000 1048 0 259.674 0 5.69 0 711.204
2210 0 -141.626 0 -5.69 0 31.201
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6809 460 1048 0 0.523 0 -0.214 0 -2.893

TOTAL
6809 1048 0 259.99 0 0 0 709.4682

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
6813 5000 2212 0 -85.033 0 -25.897 0 -92.785
2213 0 320.898 0 25.897 0 -658.187

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6813 622 2213 0 0.713 0 0.41 0 -5.558

TOTAL
6813 2213 0 -84.61 0 0 0 -96.1198
0 0 321.33 0 0 0 -658.187

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 369.00 128.81 445.48
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 369.00 128.81 445.48
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 259.99 321.33
Mh kN-m 914.33 914.33
Ms kN-m 739.15 739.15
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 396.16 457.49
Shear stress N/mm2 1.425 0.420 1.645
% of tensile steel % 3.470 1.048 3.470
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 1.118 0.750 1.118 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.948 0.925 0.948 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)
Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 1.061 0.694 1.061
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 12
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 2 2 2
Asv provided mm2 226.2 226.2 226.2
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 546.64 546.64 546.64 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 286.27 1744.53 222.13 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 150 150 150
Hence Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


921

Side face Reinforcement


Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 450 * 618/100 = 139.1 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 3.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 339.3 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 153.5 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6809 1048 +ve 0 244.99 0 8.053 0 660.78
1101 NORMAL LC1 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 0 0 0 0 0
- - 1101 NORMA - - -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6809 1048 +ve 0 0.523 0 0.083 0 3.359
447 LOAD GENERATIO 460 LOAD GE 641 LOAD GE 82 LOAD GEN 353 LOAD GE 162 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #162, (1
-ve 0 -0.135 0 -0.291 0 -4.101
17 LOAD GENERATION 370 LOAD GE 247 LOAD GE 626 LOAD GE 559 LOAD GE 593 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #593, (1
Total
6809 1048 +ve 0.00 245.57 0.00 8.14 0.00 664.47
-ve 0.00 -0.15 0.00 -0.29 0.00 -4.51
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 682.00 158.13 104.67


b2 32 4 3217.0 618.00 131.21
618.00 18.389
b3 32 4 3217.0 554.00 104.29
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
9651.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 168.00 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 306.05 mm
Total compression = 1266.30 kN
Total tension = 1266.30 kN
Moment = 664.47 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 158.13 / 200000 = 0.00079


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 750.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 682.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 750.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 306.0 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 443.95 * 443.95 / (3 * 200000 * 9650.97 * 375.95) = 0.00004

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*750*443.95/(0.00079*9650.97*443.95)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00007
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00093
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00089
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


922

Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm


Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00089 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 311.95) = 0.168 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


923

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6811 2224 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.96 0.00 0.00
1101 NORMAL LC1 - - 1101 NORMAL
- -

-ve 0.00 -90.61 0.00 0.00 0.00 -240.50


1101 NORMAL
- 1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL
- 1101 NORMALLC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6811 2211 +ve 0 0.693 0 0.252 0 1.215
496 LOAD GENERATIO
163 LOAD GE 488 LOAD GE377 LOAD GE 561 LOAD GE167 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #167, (1
-ve 0 -0.944 0 -0.28 0 -2.574

96 LOAD GENERATION
624 LOAD GE
594 LOAD GE
162 LOAD GE
610 LOAD GE
625 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #625, (1
Total
6811 2211 +ve 0.00 0.76 0.00 7.21 0.00 1.34
-ve 0.00 -91.65 0.00 -0.28 0.00 -243.33
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 682.00 124.00 104.67


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
682.00 8.209
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
3217.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 185.40 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 215.97 mm
Total compression = 398.90 kN
Total tension = 398.90 kN
Moment = 243.33 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 124 / 200000 = 0.00062


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 750.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 682.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 750.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 216.0 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 534.03 * 534.03 / (3 * 200000 * 3216.99 * 466.03) = 0.00014

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*750*534.03/(0.00062*3216.99*534.03)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00026
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00071
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00057
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00057 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 466.03) = 0.110 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


924

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6813 2213 +ve 0 0 0 0 0 611.262
1101 NORMAL LC1 - - - - 1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 -296.161 0 -25.6 0 0
- 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA-
TRAIN Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6813 2213 +ve 0 0.138 0 0.429 0 5.568
434 LOAD GENERATIO 278 LOAD GE 633 LOAD GE 115 LOAD GE 633 LOAD GE 621 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #621, (1
-ve 0 -0.713 0 -0.667 0 -2.774
478 LOAD GENERATIO 622 LOAD GE 585 LOAD GE 565 LOAD GE 561 LOAD GE 165 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #165, (1
Total
6813 2213 +ve 0.00 0.15 0.00 0.43 0.00 617.39
-ve 0.00 -296.95 0.00 -26.27 0.00 -3.05
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 682.00 146.92 104.67


b2 32 4 3217.0 618.00 121.91
618.00 17.086
b3 32 4 3217.0 554.00 96.90
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
9651.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 168.00 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 306.05 mm
Total compression = 1176.56 kN
Total tension = 1176.56 kN
Moment = 617.39 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 146.92 / 200000 = 0.00073


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 750.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 682.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 750.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 306.0 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 443.95 * 443.95 / (3 * 200000 * 9650.97 * 375.95) = 0.00004

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*750*443.95/(0.00073*9650.97*443.95)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00007
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00087
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00083
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00083 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 311.95) = 0.155 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


925

Deflection check in serviceability Limit State

Ref. staad file for deflection check at mid span of beam.

Deflection due to all loads except train load


Node L/C X-Trans Y-Trans mm Z-Trans mm Absolute mmX-Rotan rad Y-Rotan rad Z-Rotan rad
2224 1101 0.167 -11.374 -0.069 11.376 -0.001 0 0.001

Deflection due to train load


2224 540 0.584 -0.177 0.361 0.71 0 0 0

ALL LOADS EXCLUDING TRAIN LOAD


LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 1101
ABSOLUTE DISPLACEMENT = 11.374 mm
TRAIN LOAD
LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 540
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT DUE TO MOVING LOAD = 0.177 mm
TOTAL DEFLECTION = 11.551 mm

ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION = MIN. OF (L/350 OR 20 mm) = 20 mm WHICH IS >11.551 mm


HENCE THE BEAM IS SAFE IN DEFLECTION.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


926

Beam number = CB18C-CB18D GRID MKD = K-L


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 40 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 17 m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
6812 2213 +ve 9.77 504.65 0.02 0.00 0.03 1190.42
2302 WIND UNLOAD2101 NORMA 2302 WIND - 2301 WIND 2101 NORMAL LC1
-ve -9.77 0.00 -0.02 -20.08 -0.03 0.00
2301 WIND UNLOAD- 2301 WIND 2208 SEISM2302 WIND -
train load Multification factor = 1.75 1.75
6812 2213 +ve 0.00 0.88 0.00 0.54 0.00 7.06
505 LOAD GENERATIO 65 LOAD GEN 523 LOAD GE 118 LOAD GE 636 LOAD GE 30 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #30, (27 o
-ve 0.00 -0.54 0.00 -0.20 0.00 -11.02
10 LOAD GENERATION 278 LOAD GE 532 LOAD GE 375 LOAD GE 523 LOAD GE 559 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #559, (1
Total
6812 2213 +ve 9.77 506.19 0.02 0.95 0.03 1202.77
-ve -9.77 -0.95 -0.02 -20.42 -0.03 -19.29
Span Moment
6867 2244 +ve 11.25 154.88 0.07 15.04 0.14 0.00
2302 WIND UNLOADE2101 NORMAL 2301 WIND 2101 NORMAL 2302 WIND U -
-ve -11.25 0.00 -0.07 0.00 -0.14 -512.76
2301 WIND UNLOADE- 2302 WIND - 2301 WIND U 2101 NORMAL LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.75 1.75
6867 2244 +ve 0.00 1.32 0.00 0.53 0.00 2.27
438 LOAD GENERATION
31 LOAD GENE 101 LOAD GEN515 LOAD GEN 516 LOAD GEN528 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #528, (95 of
-ve 0.00 -3.56 0.00 -0.30 0.00 -1.21
25 LOAD GENERATION,
557 LOAD GEN 516 LOAD GEN212 LOAD GEN 589 LOAD GEN63 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #63, (60 of 21
Total
6867 2244 +ve 11.25 157.19 0.07 15.97 0.14 3.97
-ve -11.25 -6.22 -0.07 -0.52 -0.14 -514.88
Right Support
7086 2243 +ve 0.21 950.32 0.39 0.00 0.78 2065.28
2301 WIND UNLOAD2205 SEISM2301 WIND - 2302 WIND 2205 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2B
-ve -0.21 0.00 -0.39 -155.32 -0.78 -142.87
2302 WIND UNLOAD- 2302 WIND 2101 NORMA 2301 WIND -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 0.00
7086 2243 +ve 0.00 2.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.007
453 LOAD GENERATIO 3 BRAKING 459 LOAD GE - 618 LOAD GE 3 BRAKING + TRACTIVE + RACKING BO
-ve 0.00 -0.27 0.00 -0.50 0.00 -1.044
440 LOAD GENERATIO 265 LOAD GE 520 LOAD GE 201 LOAD GE 459 LOAD GE 265 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #265, (4
Total
7086 2243 +ve 0.21 950.32 0.39 0.00 0.78 2065.28
-ve -0.21 0.00 -0.39 -156.19 -0.78 -142.87

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


927

Beam No.
CB 18C MID CB 18C Remarks
Unit CB18C LEFT
RIGHT/CB 18D
SPAN

Width of Beam b 450 450 450


Depth of Beam D 1000 1000 1000
Effective Depth d 868 900 868
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 1202.77 3.97 2065.28
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 1202.77 3.97 2065.28
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 3.55 0.01 6.09
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Doubly
pt,Lim % 0.92 0.00 1.51
pt2 % 0.00 0.00 0.20
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 0.92 0.00 1.71
d' mm 68.00 68.00 68.00
d'/d mm 0.08 0.08 0.08
fsc N/mm2 418.19 418.84 418.19 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.00 0.00 0.21
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.304 0.304 0.304 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 3600.6 1667.8 6671.2
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at first layer = 4 4 4
Nos. of bars at second layer = 4 0 4
Nos. of bars at third layer = 4 0 4
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 9651 3217 9651
Ast, provided (%) 2.14 0.71 2.14
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 19.29 514.88 142.87
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 19.29 514.88 142.87
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.06 1.41 0.42
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.01 0.34 0.10
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.00 0.00 0.21
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.304 0.304 0.304
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 1800.3 1667.8 3335.6
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 4 4 4
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 0 2 2
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 3217 4825 4825
Ast, provided (%) 0.71 1.07 1.07
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


928

CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]


LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y kNmMoment-Z kNm
6812 5000 2213 0 368.661 0 -14.668 0 865.014
2214 0 -46.886 0 14.668 0 75.162
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6812 65 2213 0 0.884 0 0.122 0 6.382

TOTAL
6812 2213 0 369.19 0 0 0 868.8432

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
7086 5000 2243 0 715.341 0 -119.993 0 1552.024
2410 0 -521.559 0 119.993 0 86.87

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
7086 648 2243 0 2.984 0 -0.31 0 7.007

TOTAL
7086 2243 0 717.13 0 0 0 1556.2282
0 0 -519.77 0 0 0 86.87

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 506.19 157.19 950.32
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 506.19 157.19 950.32
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 369.19 717.13
Mh kN-m 2512.93 1803.70
Ms kN-m 1089.00 1539.24
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 607.41 1050.84
Shear stress N/mm2 1.555 0.388 2.690
% of tensile steel % 2.471 0.794 2.471
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 0.999 0.684 0.999 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.871 0.863 0.871 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)
Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.870 0.591 0.870
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 12
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 2 2 2
Asv provided mm2 226.2 226.2 226.2
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 546.64 546.64 546.64 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 201.52 1107.19 103.40 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 150 150 100
Hence Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


929

Side face Reinforcement


Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 450 * 868/100 = 195.3 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 5.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 565.5 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 144.0 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6812 2213 +ve 0 336.492 0 0 0 793.887
1101 NORMAL LC1 1101 NORMA - - - 1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 0 0 -13.08 0 0
- - 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA-
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6812 2213 +ve 0 0.884 0 0.544 0 7.057
505 LOAD GENERATIO 65 LOAD GEN 523 LOAD GE 118 LOAD GE 636 LOAD GE 30 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #30, (27 o
-ve 0 -0.541 0 -0.196 0 -11.023
10 LOAD GENERATION 278 LOAD GE 532 LOAD GE 375 LOAD GE 523 LOAD GE 559 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #559, (1
Total
6812 2213 +ve 0.00 337.46 0.00 0.54 0.00 801.65
-ve 0.00 -0.60 0.00 -13.28 0.00 -12.13
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 932.00 125.96 104.67


b2 32 4 3217.0 868.00 111.30
868.00 12.498
b3 32 4 3217.0 804.00 96.65
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
9651.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 235.96 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 382.00 mm
Total compression = 1074.19 kN
Total tension = 1074.19 kN
Moment = 801.65 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 125.96 / 200000 = 0.00063


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1000.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 932.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1000.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 382.0 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 618 * 618 / (3 * 200000 * 9650.97 * 550) = 0.00005

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1000*618/(0.00063*9650.97*618)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00011
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00071
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00065
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


930

Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm


Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00065 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 486) = 0.128 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


931

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6867 2245 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.01 0.00 0.00
1101 NORMAL LC1 - - 1101 NORMAL
- -

-ve 0.00 -174.68 0.00 0.00 0.00 -342.08


1101 NORMAL
- 1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL
- 1101 NORMALLC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6867 2244 +ve 0 1.32 0 0.532 0 2.27
438 LOAD GENERATIO
31 LOAD GEN 101 LOAD GE515 LOAD GE 516 LOAD GE528 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #528, (9
-ve 0 -3.556 0 -0.297 0 -1.211

25 LOAD GENERATION
557 LOAD GE
516 LOAD GE
212 LOAD GE
589 LOAD GE
63 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #63, (60 o
Total
6867 2244 +ve 0.00 1.45 0.00 10.54 0.00 2.50
-ve 0.00 -178.59 0.00 -0.30 0.00 -343.41
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 932.00 90.78 104.67


b2 32 2 1608.5 868.00 81.55
900.00 6.224
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
4825.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 244.66 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 302.23 mm
Total compression = 423.22 kN
Total tension = 423.22 kN
Moment = 343.41 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 90.78 / 200000 = 0.00045


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1000.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 932.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1000.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 302.2 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 697.77 * 697.77 / (3 * 200000 * 4825.49 * 629.77) = 0.00012

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1000*697.77/(0.00045*4825.49*697.77)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00031
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00050
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00038
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00038 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 597.77) = 0.076 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


932

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
7086 2243 +ve 0 610.86 0 0 0 1326.034
1101 NORMAL LC1 1101 NORMA - - 1101 NORMA1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 0 0 -103.539 0 0
- - 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - -
TRAIN Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
7086 2243 +ve 0 2.984 0 0 0 7.007
453 LOAD GENERATIO 3 BRAKING 459 LOAD GE - 618 LOAD GE 3 BRAKING + TRACTIVE + RACKING BO
-ve 0 -0.272 0 -0.501 0 -1.044
440 LOAD GENERATIO 265 LOAD GE 520 LOAD GE 201 LOAD GE 459 LOAD GE 265 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #265, (4
Total
7086 2243 +ve 0.00 614.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 1333.74
-ve 0.00 -0.30 0.00 -104.04 0.00 -1.15
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 932.00 209.57 104.67


b2 32 4 3217.0 868.00 185.18
868.00 20.793
b3 32 4 3217.0 804.00 160.79
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
9651.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 235.96 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 382.00 mm
Total compression = 1787.17 kN
Total tension = 1787.17 kN
Moment = 1333.74 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 209.57 / 200000 = 0.00105


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1000.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 932.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1000.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 382.0 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 618 * 618 / (3 * 200000 * 9650.97 * 550) = 0.00005

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1000*618/(0.00105*9650.97*618)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00007
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00118
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00112
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00112 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 486) = 0.197 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


933

Deflection check in serviceability Limit State

Ref. staad file for deflection check at mid span of beam.

Deflection due to all loads except train load


Node L/C X-Trans Y-Trans mm Z-Trans mm Absolute mmX-Rotan rad Y-Rotan rad Z-Rotan rad
2244 1101 0.167 -8.066 -0.136 8.069 0 0 0

Deflection due to train load


2244 631 0.584 0.088 0.369 0.697 0 0 0

ALL LOADS EXCLUDING TRAIN LOAD


LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 1101
ABSOLUTE DISPLACEMENT = 8.066 mm
TRAIN LOAD
LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 631
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT DUE TO MOVING LOAD = 0.088 mm
TOTAL DEFLECTION = 8.154 mm

ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION = MIN. OF (L/350 OR 20 mm) = 20 mm WHICH IS >8.154 mm


HENCE THE BEAM IS SAFE IN DEFLECTION.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


CB - 20
CB - 22
936

Beam number = CB22A GRID MKD = H'-J


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 40 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 16 m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
6292 1006 +ve 0.00 422.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 540.85
- 2101 NORMA 2307 WIND - 2303 WIND 2201 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2A
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -74.93 0.00 0.00
- - 2304 WIND 2204 SEISM2308 WIND -
train load Multification factor = 1.75 0.00
6292 1006 +ve 0.00 0.27 0.00 0.52 0.00 7.46
- 153 LOAD GE 569 LOAD GE580 LOAD GE 568 LOAD GE 98 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #98, (95 o
-ve 0.00 -1.45 0.00 -0.77 0.00 -13.95
- 444 LOAD GE 459 LOAD GE97 LOAD GEN 621 LOAD GE 434 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #434, (1
Total
6292 1006 +ve 0.00 422.79 0.00 0.90 0.00 540.85
-ve 0.00 -2.54 0.00 -76.28 0.00 0.00
Span Moment
6743 1038 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.09 0.00 0.00
- - 2304 WIND 2212 SEISMI 2308 WIND U -
-ve 0.00 -256.87 0.00 -15.39 0.00 -724.60
- 2101 NORMAL 2307 WIND 2201 SEISMI 2303 WIND U 2101 NORMAL LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.75 1.75
6743 1038 +ve 0.00 1.72 0.00 0.67 0.00 7.78
- 127 LOAD GEN 530 LOAD GEN128 LOAD GEN 484 LOAD GEN628 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #628, (195 o
-ve 0.00 -2.54 0.00 -0.81 0.00 -3.48
- 647 LOAD GEN 486 LOAD GEN642 LOAD GEN 532 LOAD GEN158 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #158, (155 o
Total
6743 1038 +ve 0.00 3.02 0.00 2.27 0.00 13.61
-ve 0.00 -261.30 0.00 -16.80 0.00 -730.69
Right Support
6296 1051 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 78.79 0.00 1090.77
- - 2308 WIND 2101 NORMA 2308 WIND 2101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0.00 -438.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0
- 2101 NORMA 2303 WIND - 2303 WIND -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.75 1.75
6296 1051 +ve 0.00 1.69 0.00 0.73 0.00 13.398
- 62 LOAD GEN 597 LOAD GE539 LOAD GE 511 LOAD GE 620 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #620, (1
-ve 0.00 -1.22 0.00 -0.02 0.00 -10.807
- 434 LOAD GE 526 LOAD GE163 LOAD GE 541 LOAD GE 128 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #128, (1
Total
6296 1051 +ve 0.00 2.95 0.00 80.07 0.00 1114.22
-ve 0.00 -440.27 0.00 -0.04 0.00 -18.91

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


937

Beam No.
CB 22A MID Remarks
Unit CB22A LEFT CB 22A RIGHT
SPAN
Width of Beam b 450 450 450
Depth of Beam D 1000 1000 1000
Effective Depth d 932 932 868
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 540.85 13.61 1114.22
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 540.85 13.61 1114.22
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 1.38 0.03 3.29
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pt,Lim % 0.33 0.01 0.84
pt2 % 0.00 0.00 0.00
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 0.33 0.01 0.84
d' mm 68.00 68.00 68.00
d'/d mm 0.07 0.07 0.08
fsc N/mm2 419.42 419.42 418.19 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.304 0.304 0.304 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 1391.9 1273.2 3299.5
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at first layer = 4 4 4
Nos. of bars at second layer = 0 0 4
Nos. of bars at third layer = 0 0 4
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 3217 3217 9651
Ast, provided (%) 0.71 0.71 2.14
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 0.00 730.69 18.91
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 0.00 730.69 18.91
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.00 1.87 0.06
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.00 0.46 0.01
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.304 0.304 0.304
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 1273.2 1911.3 1649.8
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 4 4 4
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 3217 3217 3217
Ast, provided (%) 0.71 0.71 0.71
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


938

CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]


LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y kNmMoment-Z kNm
6292 5000 1006 0 304.89 0 -56.966 0 375.451
2179 0 83.135 0 56.966 0 224.618
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6292 444 2179 0 1.451 0 -0.065 0 4.985

TOTAL
6292 2179 0 305.76 0 0 0 378.442

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
6296 5000 1038 0 -109.582 0 62.641 0 -295.518
1051 0 310.767 0 -62.641 0 -786.251

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6296 62 1038 0 1.686 0 0.448 0 -1.641

TOTAL
6296 1038 0 -108.57 0 0 0 -296.5026
0 0 311.78 0 0 0 -786.251

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 422.79 261.30 440.27
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 422.79 261.30 440.27
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 305.76 311.78
Mh kN-m 1178.56 2512.93
Ms kN-m 1178.56 1089.00
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 628.77 510.19
Shear stress N/mm2 1.499 0.623 1.306
% of tensile steel % 0.767 0.767 2.471
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 0.676 0.676 0.999 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.856 0.856 0.871 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)
Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.579 0.579 0.870
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 12
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 2 2 2
Asv provided mm2 226.2 226.2 226.2
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 546.64 546.64 546.64 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 165.59 492.11 261.50 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 150 150 150
Hence Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


939

Side face Reinforcement


Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 450 * 932/100 = 209.7 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 5.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 565.5 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 144.0 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6292 1006 +ve 0 279.261 0 0 0 346.38
- 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMA1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 0 0 -49.604 0 0
- - - 1101 NORMA - -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6292 1006 +ve 0 0.272 0 0.517 0 7.457
- 153 LOAD GE 569 LOAD GE 580 LOAD GE 568 LOAD GE 98 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #98, (95 o
-ve 0 -1.451 0 -0.772 0 -13.947
- 444 LOAD GE 459 LOAD GE 97 LOAD GEN 621 LOAD GE 434 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #434, (1
Total
6292 1006 +ve 0.00 279.56 0.00 0.52 0.00 354.58
-ve 0.00 -1.60 0.00 -50.38 0.00 -15.34
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 932.00 130.36 104.67


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
932.00 7.184
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
3217.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 253.36 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 259.45 mm
Total compression = 419.37 kN
Total tension = 419.37 kN
Moment = 354.58 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 130.36 / 200000 = 0.00065


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1000.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 932.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1000.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 259.4 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 740.55 * 740.55 / (3 * 200000 * 3216.99 * 672.55) = 0.00019

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1000*740.55/(0.00065*3216.99*740.55)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00033
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00072
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00053
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


940

Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm


Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00053 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 672.55) = 0.105 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


941

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6743 1038 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
- - 1101 NORMAL
- - -

-ve 0.00 -171.29 0.00 -5.59 0.00 -492.27


1101 NORMAL
- 1101 NORMAL
- 1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMALLC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6743 1038 +ve 0 1.724 0 0.674 0 7.777
- 127 LOAD GE 530 LOAD GE128 LOAD GE 484 LOAD GE628 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #628, (1
-ve 0 -2.537 0 -0.806 0 -3.482

- 647 LOAD GE
486 LOAD GE
642 LOAD GE
532 LOAD GE
158 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #158, (1
Total
6743 1038 +ve 0.00 1.90 0.00 0.67 0.00 8.55
-ve 0.00 -174.08 0.00 -6.39 0.00 -496.10
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 932.00 182.39 104.67


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
932.00 10.051
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
3217.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 253.36 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 259.45 mm
Total compression = 586.74 kN
Total tension = 586.74 kN
Moment = 496.10 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 182.39 / 200000 = 0.00091


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1000.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 932.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1000.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 259.4 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 740.55 * 740.55 / (3 * 200000 * 3216.99 * 672.55) = 0.00019

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1000*740.55/(0.00091*3216.99*740.55)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00023
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00100
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00081
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00081 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 672.55) = 0.162 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


942

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6296 1051 +ve 0 0 0 54.045 0 718.955
- - 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 -287.601 0 0 0 0
- 1101 NORMA - - - -
TRAIN Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6296 1051 +ve 0 1.686 0 0.731 0 13.398
- 62 LOAD GEN 597 LOAD GE 539 LOAD GE 511 LOAD GE 620 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #620, (1
-ve 0 -1.224 0 -0.023 0 -10.807
- 434 LOAD GE 526 LOAD GE 163 LOAD GE 541 LOAD GE 128 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #128, (1
Total
6296 1051 +ve 0.00 1.85 0.00 54.78 0.00 733.69
-ve 0.00 -288.95 0.00 -0.02 0.00 -11.89
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 932.00 115.28 104.67


b2 32 4 3217.0 868.00 101.87
868.00 11.438
b3 32 4 3217.0 804.00 88.45
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
9651.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 235.96 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 382.00 mm
Total compression = 983.13 kN
Total tension = 983.13 kN
Moment = 733.69 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 115.28 / 200000 = 0.00058


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1000.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 932.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1000.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 382.0 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 618 * 618 / (3 * 200000 * 9650.97 * 550) = 0.00005

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1000*618/(0.00058*9650.97*618)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00012
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00065
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00059
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00059 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 486) = 0.116 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


943

Deflection check in serviceability Limit State

Ref. staad file for deflection check at mid span of beam.

Deflection due to all loads except train load


Node L/C X-Trans Y-Trans mm Z-Trans mm Absolute mmX-Rotan rad Y-Rotan rad Z-Rotan rad
2179 1101 0.199 -9.201 0.021 9.203 0.001 0 -0.001

Deflection due to train load


2179 507 0.582 -0.158 0.344 0.694 0 0 0

ALL LOADS EXCLUDING TRAIN LOAD


LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 1101
ABSOLUTE DISPLACEMENT = 9.201 mm
TRAIN LOAD
LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 507
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT DUE TO MOVING LOAD = 0.158 mm
TOTAL DEFLECTION = 9.359 mm

ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION = MIN. OF (L/350 OR 20 mm) = 20 mm WHICH IS >9.359 mm


HENCE THE BEAM IS SAFE IN DEFLECTION.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


944

Beam number = CB22B GRID MKD = J-K


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 40 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 17 m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
6871 1051 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1233.07
2304 WIND UNLOAD- 2304 WIND - 2304 WIND 2101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0.00 -441.14 0.00 -41.90 0.00 0.00
2303 WIND UNLOAD2101 NORMA 2303 WIND 2101 NORMA 2303 WIND -
train load Multification factor = 1.75 1.75
6871 1051 +ve 0.00 0.40 0.00 0.14 0.00 2.91
542 LOAD GENERATIO66 LOAD GEN 551 LOAD GE 455 LOAD GE 562 LOAD GE 165 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #165, (1
-ve 0.00 -0.18 0.00 -0.21 0.00 -4.77
573 LOAD GENERATIO622 LOAD GE 592 LOAD GE 565 LOAD GE 592 LOAD GE 488 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #488, (5
Total
6871 1051 +ve 0.00 0.70 0.00 0.25 0.00 1238.16
-ve 0.00 -441.45 0.00 -42.27 0.00 -8.35
Span Moment
6775 2223 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.04 0.00
2303 WIND UNLOADE- 2304 WIND - 2304 WIND U -
-ve 0.00 -129.02 -0.02 -18.68 -0.04 -451.48
2304 WIND UNLOADE2101 NORMAL 2303 WIND 2201 SEISMI 2303 WIND U 2101 NORMAL LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.75 1.75
6775 2223 +ve 0.00 0.70 0.00 0.24 0.00 1.24
573 LOAD GENERATION
163 LOAD GEN 600 LOAD GEN163 LOAD GEN 601 LOAD GEN516 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #516, (83 of
-ve 0.00 -0.92 0.00 -0.31 0.00 -0.98
437 LOAD GENERATION
458 LOAD GEN 478 LOAD GEN378 LOAD GEN 478 LOAD GEN195 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #195, (192 o
Total
6775 2223 +ve 0.00 1.23 0.02 0.41 0.04 2.18
-ve 0.00 -130.63 -0.02 -19.21 -0.04 -453.18
Right Support
6776 2199 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 63.58 0.00 1120.38
2304 WIND UNLOAD- 2304 WIND 2101 NORMA 2304 WIND 2101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0.00 -512.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0
2303 WIND UNLOAD2101 NORMA 2303 WIND - 2303 WIND -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.75 1.75
6776 2199 +ve 0.00 0.55 0.00 0.71 0.00 3.212
449 LOAD GENERATIO602 LOAD GE 484 LOAD GE516 LOAD GE 484 LOAD GE 461 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #461, (2
-ve 0.00 -0.02 0.00 -0.35 0.00 -4.515
513 LOAD GENERATIO28 LOAD GEN 525 LOAD GE29 LOAD GEN 525 LOAD GE 161 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #161, (1
Total
6776 2199 +ve 0.00 0.96 0.00 64.83 0.00 1126.00
-ve 0.00 -512.25 0.00 -0.61 0.00 -7.90

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


945

Beam No.
CB 22B MID Remarks
Unit CB22B LEFT CB 22B RIGHT
SPAN
Width of Beam b 450 450 450
Depth of Beam D 750 750 750
Effective Depth d 618 682 618
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 1238.16 2.18 1126.00
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 1238.16 2.18 1126.00
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 7.20 0.01 6.55
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Doubly Singly Doubly
pt,Lim % 1.51 0.00 1.51
pt2 % 0.51 0.00 0.33
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 2.02 0.00 1.84
d' mm 68.00 68.00 68.00
d'/d mm 0.11 0.10 0.11
fsc N/mm2 409.38 412.54 409.38 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.54 0.00 0.35
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.304 0.304 0.304 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 5606.0 1401.5 5115.8
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at first layer = 4 4 4
Nos. of bars at second layer = 4 0 4
Nos. of bars at third layer = 4 0 4
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 9651 3217 9651
Ast, provided (%) 2.86 0.95 2.86
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 8.35 453.18 7.90
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 8.35 453.18 7.90
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.05 2.17 0.05
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.01 0.53 0.01
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.54 0.00 0.35
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.304 0.304 0.304
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 2803.0 1636.8 2557.9
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 4 4 4
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 3217 3217 3217
Ast, provided (%) 0.95 0.95 0.95
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


946

CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]


LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y kNmMoment-Z kNm
6871 5000 2196 0 -201.16 0 -30.526 0 -52.612
1051 0 319.209 0 30.526 0 -910.071
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6871 66 2196 0 0.402 0 -0.072 0 1.6

TOTAL
6871 2196 0 319.45 0 0 0 -51.652

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
6776 5000 2198 0 -140.725 0 48.131 0 -135.639
2199 0 392.168 0 -48.131 0 -850.214

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6776 602 2198 0 0.551 0 0.63 0 3.746

TOTAL
6776 2198 0 -140.39 0 0 0 -133.3914
0 0 392.50 0 0 0 -850.214

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 441.45 130.63 512.25
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 441.45 130.63 512.25
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 319.45 392.50
Mh kN-m 914.33 914.33
Ms kN-m 739.15 739.15
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 455.62 528.67
Shear stress N/mm2 1.638 0.426 1.901
% of tensile steel % 3.470 1.048 3.470
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 1.118 0.750 1.118 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.948 0.925 0.948 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)
Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 1.061 0.694 1.061
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 12
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 2 2 2
Asv provided mm2 226.2 226.2 226.2
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 546.64 546.64 546.64 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 223.66 1665.48 176.29 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 150 150 150
Hence Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


947

Side face Reinforcement


Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 450 * 618/100 = 139.1 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 3.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 339.3 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 153.5 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6871 1051 +ve 0 0 0 0 0 822.051
- - - - - 1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 -294.088 0 -27.931 0 0
1101 NORMAL LC1 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA-
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6871 1051 +ve 0 0.402 0 0.142 0 2.911
542 LOAD GENERATIO 66 LOAD GEN 551 LOAD GE 455 LOAD GE 562 LOAD GE 165 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #165, (1
-ve 0 -0.177 0 -0.212 0 -4.77
573 LOAD GENERATIO 622 LOAD GE 592 LOAD GE 565 LOAD GE 592 LOAD GE 488 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #488, (5
Total
6871 1051 +ve 0.00 0.44 0.00 0.14 0.00 825.25
-ve 0.00 -294.28 0.00 -28.14 0.00 -5.25
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 682.00 196.39 104.67


b2 32 4 3217.0 618.00 162.96
618.00 22.839
b3 32 4 3217.0 554.00 129.53
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
9651.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 168.00 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 306.05 mm
Total compression = 1572.70 kN
Total tension = 1572.70 kN
Moment = 825.25 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 196.39 / 200000 = 0.00098


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 750.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 682.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 750.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 306.0 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 443.95 * 443.95 / (3 * 200000 * 9650.97 * 375.95) = 0.00004

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*750*443.95/(0.00098*9650.97*443.95)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00005
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00116
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00112
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


948

Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm


Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00112 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 311.95) = 0.193 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


949

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6775 2223 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1101 NORMAL LC1 - - - - -

-ve 0.00 -86.02 0.00 -10.12 0.00 -300.96


1101 NORMAL
- 1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMALLC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6775 2223 +ve 0 0.7 0 0.235 0 1.243
573 LOAD GENERATIO
163 LOAD GE 600 LOAD GE163 LOAD GE 601 LOAD GE516 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #516, (8
-ve 0 -0.922 0 -0.306 0 -0.975

437 LOAD GENERATIO


458 LOAD GE
478 LOAD GE
378 LOAD GE
478 LOAD GE
195 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #195, (1
Total
6775 2223 +ve 0.00 0.77 0.00 0.24 0.00 1.37
-ve 0.00 -87.03 0.00 -10.43 0.00 -302.03
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 682.00 153.91 104.67


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
682.00 10.189
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
3217.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 185.40 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 215.97 mm
Total compression = 495.12 kN
Total tension = 495.12 kN
Moment = 302.03 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 153.91 / 200000 = 0.00077


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 750.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 682.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 750.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 216.0 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 534.03 * 534.03 / (3 * 200000 * 3216.99 * 466.03) = 0.00014

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*750*534.03/(0.00077*3216.99*534.03)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00021
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00088
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00074
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00074 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 466.03) = 0.144 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


950

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6776 2199 +ve 0 0 0 42.389 0 746.988
1101 NORMAL LC1 - - 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 -341.491 0 0 0 0
- 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMA-
TRAIN Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6776 2199 +ve 0 0.551 0 0.713 0 3.212
449 LOAD GENERATIO 602 LOAD GE 484 LOAD GE 516 LOAD GE 484 LOAD GE 461 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #461, (2
-ve 0 -0.015 0 -0.35 0 -4.515
513 LOAD GENERATIO 28 LOAD GEN 525 LOAD GE 29 LOAD GEN 525 LOAD GE 161 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #161, (1
Total
6776 2199 +ve 0.00 0.61 0.00 43.10 0.00 750.52
-ve 0.00 -341.51 0.00 -0.35 0.00 -4.97
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 682.00 178.61 104.67


b2 32 4 3217.0 618.00 148.20
618.00 20.771
b3 32 4 3217.0 554.00 117.80
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
9651.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 168.00 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 306.05 mm
Total compression = 1430.28 kN
Total tension = 1430.28 kN
Moment = 750.52 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 178.61 / 200000 = 0.00089


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 750.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 682.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 750.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 306.0 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 443.95 * 443.95 / (3 * 200000 * 9650.97 * 375.95) = 0.00004

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*750*443.95/(0.00089*9650.97*443.95)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00006
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00105
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00101
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00101 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 311.95) = 0.191 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


951

Deflection check in serviceability Limit State

Ref. staad file for deflection check at mid span of beam.

Deflection due to all loads except train load


Node L/C X-Trans Y-Trans mm Z-Trans mm Absolute mmX-Rotan rad Y-Rotan rad Z-Rotan rad
2223 1101 0.199 -14.963 -0.069 14.965 0.002 0 0.001

Deflection due to train load


2223 541 0.58 -0.227 0.362 0.72 0 0 0

ALL LOADS EXCLUDING TRAIN LOAD


LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 1101
ABSOLUTE DISPLACEMENT = 14.963 mm
TRAIN LOAD
LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 541
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT DUE TO MOVING LOAD = 0.227 mm
TOTAL DEFLECTION = 15.19 mm

ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION = MIN. OF (L/350 OR 20 mm) = 20 mm WHICH IS >15.19 mm


HENCE THE BEAM IS SAFE IN DEFLECTION.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


952

Beam number = CB22C-22D GRID MKD = K-L


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 40 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 17 m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
6157 2199 +ve 0.00 505.04 0.00 32.30 0.00 1175.45
2304 WIND UNLOAD2101 NORMA 2303 WIND 2201 SEISM2304 WIND 2101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2303 WIND UNLOAD- 2304 WIND - 2303 WIND -
train load Multification factor = 1.75 1.75
6157 2199 +ve 0.00 0.29 0.00 0.58 0.00 5.58
493 LOAD GENERATIO32 LOAD GEN 574 LOAD GE 434 LOAD GE 485 LOAD GE 32 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #32, (29 o
-ve 0.00 -2.95 0.00 -0.51 0.00 -19.41
542 LOAD GENERATIO526 LOAD GE 634 LOAD GE 198 LOAD GE 579 LOAD GE 520 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #520, (8
Total
6157 2199 +ve 0.00 505.56 0.00 33.31 0.00 1185.22
-ve 0.00 -5.17 0.00 -0.89 0.00 -33.97
Span Moment
6162 1159 +ve 0.00 114.88 0.00 0.96 0.00 0.00
- 2201 SEISMI 2304 WIND 2209 SEISMI 2303 WIND U -
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -15.25 0.00 -404.35
- - 2307 WIND 2204 SEISMI 2308 WIND U 2101 NORMAL LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 1.75
6162 1159 +ve 0.00 1.47 0.00 0.33 0.00 6.40
- 217 LOAD GEN 484 LOAD GEN212 LOAD GEN 516 LOAD GEN554 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #554, (121 o
-ve 0.00 -2.50 0.00 -1.19 0.00 0.00
- 524 LOAD GEN 628 LOAD GEN566 LOAD GEN 484 LOAD GEN-
Total
6162 1159 +ve 0.00 114.88 0.00 1.54 0.00 11.21
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -17.33 0.00 -404.35
Right Support
7089 1175 +ve 0.49 954.88 0.06 147.28 0.05 2070.99
2302 WIND UNLOAD2205 SEISM2302 WIND 2205 SEISM2301 WIND 2205 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2B
-ve -0.49 0.00 -0.06 0.00 -0.05 -149.09
2301 WIND UNLOAD- 2301 WIND - 2302 WIND -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 0.00
7089 1175 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0
556 LOAD GENERATIO - 555 LOAD GE - 618 LOAD GE -
-ve 0.00 -5.27 0.00 -0.77 0.00 -12.134
591 LOAD GENERATIO 561 LOAD GE 618 LOAD GE 574 LOAD GE 555 LOAD GE 559 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #559, (1
Total
7089 1175 +ve 0.49 954.88 0.06 147.28 0.05 2070.99
-ve -0.49 0.00 -0.06 -1.35 -0.05 -149.09

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


953

Beam No.
CB 22C MID CB 22C Remarks
Unit CB22C LEFT
RIGHT/CB 22D
SPAN

Width of Beam b 450 450 450


Depth of Beam D 1000 1000 1000
Effective Depth d 868 900 868
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 1185.22 11.21 2070.99
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 1185.22 11.21 2070.99
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 3.50 0.03 6.11
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Doubly
pt,Lim % 0.91 0.01 1.51
pt2 % 0.00 0.00 0.21
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 0.91 0.01 1.71
d' mm 68.00 68.00 68.00
d'/d mm 0.08 0.08 0.08
fsc N/mm2 418.19 418.84 418.19 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.00 0.00 0.21
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.304 0.304 0.304 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 3540.3 1672.1 6688.3
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at first layer = 4 4 4
Nos. of bars at second layer = 4 0 4
Nos. of bars at third layer = 4 0 4
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 9651 3217 9651
Ast, provided (%) 2.14 0.71 2.14
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 33.97 404.35 149.09
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 33.97 404.35 149.09
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.10 1.11 0.44
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.02 0.26 0.10
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.00 0.00 0.21
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.304 0.304 0.304
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 1770.2 1672.1 3344.2
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 4 4 4
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 0 2 2
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 3217 4825 4825
Ast, provided (%) 0.71 1.07 1.07
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


954

CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]


LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y kNmMoment-Z kNm
6157 5000 2199 0 379.232 0 23.602 0 877.847
1151 0 -68.942 0 -23.602 0 136.148
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6157 526 1151 0 2.953 0 -0.215 0 5.769

TOTAL
6157 1151 0 381.00 0 0 0 881.3084

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
7089 5000 1175 0 719.016 0 111.574 0 1553.637
2411 0 -525.234 0 -111.574 0 94.997

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
7089 561 2411 0 5.271 0 0.672 0 -1.891

TOTAL
7089 2411 0 722.18 0 0 0 1552.5024
0 0 -522.07 0 0 0 94.997

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 505.56 114.88 954.88
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 505.56 114.88 954.88
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 381.00 722.18
Mh kN-m 2512.93 1803.70
Ms kN-m 1089.00 1539.24
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 619.23 1055.89
Shear stress N/mm2 1.585 0.284 2.703
% of tensile steel % 2.471 0.794 2.471
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 0.999 0.684 0.999 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.871 0.863 0.871 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)
Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.870 0.591 0.870
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 12
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 2 2 2
Asv provided mm2 226.2 226.2 226.2
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 546.64 546.64 546.64 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 196.05 2351.00 102.81 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 150 150 100
Hence Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


955

Side face Reinforcement


Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 450 * 868/100 = 195.3 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 5.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 565.5 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 144.0 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6157 2199 +ve 0 336.754 0 21.106 0 783.909
- 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 0 0 0 0 0
1101 NORMAL LC1 - - - 1101 NORMA-
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6157 2199 +ve 0 0.294 0 0.575 0 5.583
493 LOAD GENERATIO 32 LOAD GEN 574 LOAD GE 434 LOAD GE 485 LOAD GE 32 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #32, (29 o
-ve 0 -2.953 0 -0.507 0 -19.412
542 LOAD GENERATIO 526 LOAD GE 634 LOAD GE 198 LOAD GE 579 LOAD GE 520 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #520, (8
Total
6157 2199 +ve 0.00 337.08 0.00 21.68 0.00 790.05
-ve 0.00 -3.25 0.00 -0.51 0.00 -21.35
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 932.00 124.14 104.67


b2 32 4 3217.0 868.00 109.69
868.00 12.317
b3 32 4 3217.0 804.00 95.25
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
9651.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 235.96 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 382.00 mm
Total compression = 1058.64 kN
Total tension = 1058.64 kN
Moment = 790.05 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 124.14 / 200000 = 0.00062


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1000.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 932.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1000.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 382.0 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 618 * 618 / (3 * 200000 * 9650.97 * 550) = 0.00005

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1000*618/(0.00062*9650.97*618)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00011
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00070
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00064
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


956

Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm


Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00064 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 486) = 0.126 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


957

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6162 1159 +ve 0.00 66.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
- 1101 NORMAL
- - 1101 NORMAL-

-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -7.53 0.00 -269.81


1101 NORMAL
- - 1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL
- LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6162 1159 +ve 0 1.466 0 0.329 0 6.403
- 217 LOAD GE 484 LOAD GE212 LOAD GE 516 LOAD GE554 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #554, (1
-ve 0 -2.5 0 -1.186 0 0

- 524 LOAD GE
628 LOAD GE
566 LOAD GE
484 LOAD GE
-
Total
6162 1159 +ve 0.00 67.75 0.00 0.33 0.00 7.04
-ve 0.00 -2.75 0.00 -8.71 0.00 -269.81
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 932.00 74.83 104.67


b2 32 2 1608.5 868.00 67.71
900.00 4.124
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
4825.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 244.66 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 259.45 mm
Total compression = 240.72 kN
Total tension = 349.63 kN
Moment = 269.81 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 74.83 / 200000 = 0.00037


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1000.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 932.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1000.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 259.4 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 740.55 * 740.55 / (3 * 200000 * 4825.49 * 672.55) = 0.00013

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1000*740.55/(0.00037*4825.49*740.55)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00038
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00041
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00029
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00029 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 640.55) = 0.057 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


958

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
7089 1175 +ve 0 614.016 0 94.319 0 1324.969
- 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 0 0 0 0 0
1101 NORMAL LC1 - 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMA-
TRAIN Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
7089 1175 +ve 0 0 0 0 0 0
556 LOAD GENERATIO - 555 LOAD GE - 618 LOAD GE -
-ve 0 -5.271 0 -0.774 0 -12.134
591 LOAD GENERATIO 561 LOAD GE 618 LOAD GE 574 LOAD GE 555 LOAD GE 559 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #559, (1
Total
7089 1175 +ve 0.00 614.02 0.00 94.32 0.00 1324.97
-ve 0.00 -5.80 0.00 -0.77 0.00 -13.35
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 932.00 208.19 104.67


b2 32 4 3217.0 868.00 183.96
868.00 20.656
b3 32 4 3217.0 804.00 159.74
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
9651.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 235.96 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 382.00 mm
Total compression = 1775.42 kN
Total tension = 1775.42 kN
Moment = 1324.97 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 208.19 / 200000 = 0.00104


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1000.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 932.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1000.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 382.0 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 618 * 618 / (3 * 200000 * 9650.97 * 550) = 0.00005

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1000*618/(0.00104*9650.97*618)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00007
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00117
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00112
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00112 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 486) = 0.196 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


959

Deflection check in serviceability Limit State

Ref. staad file for deflection check at mid span of beam.

Deflection due to all loads except train load


Node L/C X-Trans Y-Trans mm Z-Trans mm Absolute mmX-Rotan rad Y-Rotan rad Z-Rotan rad
1159 1101 0.199 -7.315 -0.136 7.319 0 0 0

Deflection due to train load


1159 144 -0.306 -0.09 0.151 0.353 0 0 0

ALL LOADS EXCLUDING TRAIN LOAD


LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 1101
ABSOLUTE DISPLACEMENT = 7.315 mm
TRAIN LOAD
LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 144
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT DUE TO MOVING LOAD = 0.090 mm
TOTAL DEFLECTION = 7.405 mm

ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION = MIN. OF (L/350 OR 20 mm) = 20 mm WHICH IS >7.405 mm


HENCE THE BEAM IS SAFE IN DEFLECTION.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


CB - 24
961

Beam number = CB24A GRID MKD = H'-J


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 40 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 16 m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
6302 1007 +ve 0.00 896.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 1421.45
- 2101 NORMA 2304 WIND - 2304 WIND 2201 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2A
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -85.65 0.00 0.00
- - 2307 WIND 2208 SEISM2307 WIND -
train load Multification factor = 1.75 0.00
6302 1007 +ve 0.00 1.63 0.00 0.35 0.00 19.10
- 86 LOAD GEN 465 LOAD GE580 LOAD GE 575 LOAD GE 97 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #97, (94 o
-ve 0.00 -1.92 0.00 -1.22 0.00 -27.52
- 626 LOAD GE 552 LOAD GE52 LOAD GEN 615 LOAD GE 434 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #434, (1
Total
6302 1007 +ve 0.00 899.07 0.00 0.62 0.00 1421.45
-ve 0.00 -3.37 0.00 -87.79 0.00 0.00
Span Moment
6304 2183 +ve 0.00 212.56 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2301 WIND UNLOADE2201 SEISMI 2303 WIND - 2308 WIND U -
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -214.81 0.00 -2675.60
- - 2308 WIND 2101 NORMAL 2303 WIND U 2101 NORMAL LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 1.75
6304 2183 +ve 0.00 4.68 0.00 3.07 0.00 9.60
515 LOAD GENERATION
136 LOAD GEN 619 LOAD GEN561 LOAD GEN - 99 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #99, (96 of 21
-ve 0.00 -6.49 0.00 -0.75 0.00 -10.08
434 LOAD GENERATION
434 LOAD GEN - 9 LOAD GENER 619 LOAD GEN434 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #434, (1 of 2
Total
6304 2183 +ve 0.00 212.56 0.00 5.37 0.00 16.80
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -216.11 0.00 -2693.23
Right Support
6305 1052 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 77.34 0.00 3441.76
- - 2303 WIND 2208 SEISM- 2101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0.00 -1265.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 0
- 2101 NORMA 2308 WIND - 2101 NORMA-
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.75 1.75
6305 1052 +ve 0.00 2.69 0.00 1.34 0.00 45.193
- 98 LOAD GEN 555 LOAD GE535 LOAD GE 590 LOAD GE 620 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #620, (1
-ve 0.00 -5.81 0.00 0.00 0.00 -23.046
- 579 LOAD GE 541 LOAD GE- 385 LOAD GE 132 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #132, (1
Total
6305 1052 +ve 0.00 4.71 0.00 79.69 0.00 3520.85
-ve 0.00 -1275.52 0.00 0.00 0.00 -40.33

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


962

Beam No.
CB 24A MID Remarks
Unit
CB 24A LEFT SPAN CB 24A RIGHT
Width of Beam b 450 450 450
Depth of Beam D 1500 1500 1500
Effective Depth d 1432 1368 1336
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 1421.45 16.80 3520.85
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 1421.45 16.80 3520.85
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 1.54 0.02 4.38
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pt,Lim % 0.37 0.00 1.18
pt2 % 0.00 0.00 0.00
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 0.37 0.00 1.18
d' mm 68.00 68.00 68.00
d'/d mm 0.05 0.05 0.05
fsc N/mm2 424.25 423.90 423.70 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.304 0.304 0.304 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 2393.2 2521.2 7109.7
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at first layer = 4 4 4
Nos. of bars at second layer = 0 0 4
Nos. of bars at third layer = 0 0 4
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 0 0 2
Ast,Provided 3217 3217 11259
Ast, provided (%) 0.48 0.48 1.67
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 0.00 2693.23 40.33
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 0.00 2693.23 40.33
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.00 3.20 0.05
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.00 0.82 0.01
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.304 0.304 0.304
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 1956.3 5042.4 3554.8
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 4 4 4
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 0 4 2
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 2 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 3217 8042 4825
Ast, provided (%) 0.48 1.19 0.71
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


963

CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]


LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y kNmMoment-Z kNm
6302 5000 1007 0 664.506 0 -60.72064 0 981.23425
2180 0 -248.272 0 60.72064 0 1.51E+03
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6302 626 2180 0 1.923 0 0.345 0 15.095

TOTAL
6302 2180 0 665.66 0 0 0 990.29125

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
6305 5000 1039 0 -684.587 0 54.6435 0 -1.90E+03
1052 0 947.77 0 -54.6435 0 -2.59E+03

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6305 579 1052 0 5.806 0 -0.773 0 -41.602

TOTAL
6305 1052 0 -681.10 0 0 0 -1921.8612
0 0 951.25 0 0 0 -2588

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 899.07 212.56 1275.52
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 899.07 212.56 1275.52
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 665.66 951.25
Mh kN-m 1878.25 5004.02
Ms kN-m 1878.25 2521.61
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 1267.86 1336.24
Shear stress N/mm2 1.968 0.345 2.223
% of tensile steel % 0.499 0.523 1.873
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 0.586 0.595 0.911 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.769 0.778 0.782 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)
Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.450 0.463 0.712
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 12
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 2 2 2
Asv provided mm2 226.2 226.2 226.2
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 546.64 546.64 546.64 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 114.06 773.59 114.45 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 100 150 100
Hence Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


964

Side face Reinforcement


Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 450 * 1432/100 = 322.2 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 8.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 904.8 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 151.6 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6302 1007 +ve 0 597.453 0 0 0 873.24152
- 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMA1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 0 0 -51.11976 0 0
- - - 1101 NORMA - -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6302 1007 +ve 0 1.634 0 0.353 0 19.095
- 86 LOAD GEN 465 LOAD GE 580 LOAD GE 575 LOAD GE 97 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #97, (94 o
-ve 0 -1.923 0 -1.223 0 -27.52
- 626 LOAD GE 552 LOAD GE 52 LOAD GEN 615 LOAD GE 434 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #434, (1
Total
6302 1007 +ve 0.00 599.25 0.00 0.35 0.00 894.25
-ve 0.00 -2.12 0.00 -52.34 0.00 -30.27
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 1432.00 210.37 104.67


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
1432.00 9.064
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
3217.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 389.28 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 331.83 mm
Total compression = 676.75 kN
Total tension = 676.75 kN
Moment = 894.25 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 210.37 / 200000 = 0.00105


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 331.8 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 1168.17 * 1168.17 / (3 * 200000 * 3216.99 * 1100.17) = 0.00029

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1500*1168.17/(0.00105*3216.99*1168.17)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00030
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00112
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00083
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


965

Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm


Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00083 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 1100.17) = 0.168 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


966

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6304 2183 +ve 0.00 88.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1101 NORMAL LC1 1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL
- - -

-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -143.27 0.00 -1784.00


1101 NORMAL
- - - 1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMALLC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6304 2183 +ve 0 4.676 0 3.071 0 9.598
515 LOAD GENERATIO
136 LOAD GE 619 LOAD GE561 LOAD GE - 99 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #99, (96 o
-ve 0 -6.489 0 -0.746 0 -10.076

434 LOAD GENERATIO


434 LOAD GE
- 9 LOAD GENE
619 LOAD GE
434 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #434, (1
Total
6304 2183 +ve 0.00 93.82 0.00 3.07 0.00 10.56
-ve 0.00 -7.14 0.00 -144.01 0.00 -1795.08
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 1432.00 192.56 104.67


b2 32 4 3217.0 1368.00 179.67
1368.00 13.690
b3 32 2 1608.5 1304.00 166.78
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
8042.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 371.88 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 475.85 mm
Total compression = 1465.71 kN
Total tension = 1465.71 kN
Moment = 1795.08 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 192.56 / 200000 = 0.00096


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 475.8 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 1024.15 * 1024.15 / (3 * 200000 * 8042.48 * 956.15) = 0.00010

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1500*1024.15/(0.00096*8042.48*1024.15)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00013
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00103
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00093
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00093 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 892.15) = 0.187 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


967

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6305 1052 +ve 0 0 0 44.4761 0 2.29E+03
- - 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 -843.604 0 0 0 0
- 1101 NORMA - - 1101 NORMA-
TRAIN Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6305 1052 +ve 0 2.689 0 1.344 0 45.193
- 98 LOAD GEN 555 LOAD GE 535 LOAD GE 590 LOAD GE 620 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #620, (1
-ve 0 -5.806 0 0 0 -23.046
- 579 LOAD GE 541 LOAD GE - 385 LOAD GE 132 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #132, (1
Total
6305 1052 +ve 0.00 2.96 0.00 45.82 0.00 2344.39
-ve 0.00 -849.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 -25.35
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 1432.00 194.77 104.67


b2 32 4 3217.0 1368.00 180.88
1336.00 16.566
b3 32 4 3217.0 1304.00 167.00
b4 32 2 1608.5 1240.00 153.11
11259.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 363.18 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 534.41 mm
Total compression = 1991.99 kN
Total tension = 1991.99 kN
Moment = 2344.39 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 194.77 / 200000 = 0.00097


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 534.4 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 965.59 * 965.59 / (3 * 200000 * 11259.47 * 897.59) = 0.00007

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1500*965.59/(0.00097*11259.47*965.59)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00009
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00105
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00098
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00098 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 801.59) = 0.196 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


968

Deflection check in serviceability Limit State

Ref. staad file for deflection check at mid span of beam.

Deflection due to all loads except train load


Node L/C X-Trans Y-Trans mm Z-Trans mm Absolute mmX-Rotan rad Y-Rotan rad Z-Rotan rad
2183 1101 0.211 -12.871 0.013 12.873 -0.001 0 0

Deflection due to train load


2183 507 0.58 -0.089 0.345 0.681 0 0 0

ALL LOADS EXCLUDING TRAIN LOAD


LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 1101
ABSOLUTE DISPLACEMENT = 12.871 mm
TRAIN LOAD
LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 507
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT DUE TO MOVING LOAD = 0.089 mm
TOTAL DEFLECTION = 12.96 mm

ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION = MIN. OF (L/350 OR 20 mm) = 20 mm WHICH IS >12.96 mm


HENCE THE BEAM IS SAFE IN DEFLECTION.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


CB - 26
970

Beam number = CB26A GRID MKD = J-K


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 40 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 17 m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
6235 1053 +ve 0.00 462.88 0.00 47.21 0.00 1322.38
2304 WIND UNLOAD2101 NORMA 2303 WIND 2101 NORMA 2304 WIND 2101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2303 WIND UNLOAD- 2304 WIND - 2303 WIND -
train load Multification factor = 1.75 1.75
6235 1053 +ve 0.00 1.12 0.00 0.24 0.00 2.97
542 LOAD GENERATIO589 LOAD GE 523 LOAD GE 101 LOAD GE 592 LOAD GE 164 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #164, (1
-ve 0.00 -0.08 0.00 -0.50 0.00 -2.11
636 LOAD GENERATIO58 LOAD GEN 592 LOAD GE 565 LOAD GE 523 LOAD GE 460 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #460, (2
Total
6235 1053 +ve 0.00 464.83 0.00 47.64 0.00 1327.58
-ve 0.00 -0.15 0.00 -0.87 0.00 -3.70
Span Moment
6237 2219 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.90 0.03 0.00
2304 WIND UNLOADE- 2304 WIND 2216 SEISMI 2304 WIND U -
-ve 0.00 -116.27 -0.02 -3.47 -0.03 -450.55
2303 WIND UNLOADE2101 NORMAL 2303 WIND 2101 NORMAL 2303 WIND U 2101 NORMAL LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.75 1.75
6237 2219 +ve 0.00 0.52 0.00 0.27 0.00 0.47
444 LOAD GENERATION
165 LOAD GEN 603 LOAD GEN601 LOAD GEN 603 LOAD GEN647 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #647, (214 o
-ve 0.00 -0.83 0.00 -0.26 0.00 -0.71
481 LOAD GENERATION
642 LOAD GEN 478 LOAD GEN59 LOAD GENE 478 LOAD GEN112 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #112, (109 o
Total
6237 2219 +ve 0.00 0.91 0.02 1.37 0.03 0.82
-ve 0.00 -117.71 -0.02 -3.92 -0.03 -451.79
Right Support
6242 1118 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1090.23
2303 WIND UNLOAD- 2303 WIND - 2303 WIND 2101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0.00 -510.93 0.00 -52.50 0.00 0
2304 WIND UNLOAD2101 NORMA 2304 WIND 2205 SEISM2304 WIND -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.75 1.75
6242 1118 +ve 0.00 0.28 0.00 0.39 0.00 3.711
515 LOAD GENERATIO163 LOAD GE 526 LOAD GE516 LOAD GE 553 LOAD GE 467 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #467, (3
-ve 0.00 -0.43 0.00 -0.19 0.00 -2.953
486 LOAD GENERATIO466 LOAD GE 524 LOAD GE29 LOAD GEN 524 LOAD GE 163 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #163, (1
Total
6242 1118 +ve 0.00 0.49 0.00 0.68 0.00 1096.72
-ve 0.00 -511.68 0.00 -52.84 0.00 -5.17

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


971

Beam No.
CB26A MID Remarks
Unit CB26A LEFT
SPAN
CB 26A RIGHT

Width of Beam b 450 450 450


Depth of Beam D 750 750 750
Effective Depth d 618 682 650
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 1327.58 0.82 1096.72
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 1327.58 0.82 1096.72
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 7.72 0.00 5.77
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Doubly Singly Doubly
pt,Lim % 1.51 0.00 1.51
pt2 % 0.65 0.00 0.12
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 2.16 0.00 1.63
d' mm 68.00 68.00 68.00
d'/d mm 0.11 0.10 0.10
fsc N/mm2 409.38 412.54 411.07 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.69 0.00 0.13
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.304 0.304 0.304 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 5996.7 1499.2 4759.8
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at first layer = 4 4 4
Nos. of bars at second layer = 4 0 4
Nos. of bars at third layer = 2 0 0
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 8042 3217 6434
Ast, provided (%) 2.38 0.95 1.91
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 3.70 451.79 5.17
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 3.70 451.79 5.17
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.02 2.16 0.03
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.00 0.53 0.01
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.69 0.00 0.13
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.304 0.304 0.304
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 2998.4 1631.4 2379.9
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 4 4 4
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 3217 3217 3217
Ast, provided (%) 0.95 0.95 0.95
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


972

CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]


LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y kNmMoment-Z kNm
6235 5000 1053 0 334.556 0 35.408 0 975.394
1063 0 -216.507 0 -35.408 0 44.072
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6235 589 1053 0 1.115 0 -0.4 0 -0.767

TOTAL
6235 1053 0 335.23 0 0 0 974.9338

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
6242 5000 1098 0 -145.524 0 -40.477 0 -162.548
1118 0 385.056 0 40.477 0 -819.025

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6242 466 1118 0 0.428 0 -0.224 0 -3.711

TOTAL
6242 1118 0 -145.27 0 0 0 -164.7746
0 0 385.31 0 0 0 -819.025

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 464.83 117.71 511.68
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 464.83 117.71 511.68
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 335.23 385.31
Mh kN-m 914.33 1011.47
Ms kN-m 739.15 783.93
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 479.39 525.17
Shear stress N/mm2 1.724 0.384 1.795
% of tensile steel % 2.892 1.048 2.200
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 1.052 0.750 0.961 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.948 0.925 0.937 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)
Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.998 0.694 0.900
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 12
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 2 2 2
Asv provided mm2 226.2 226.2 226.2
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 546.64 546.64 546.64 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 194.25 2451.94 168.75 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 125 150 125
Hence Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


973

Side face Reinforcement


Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 450 * 618/100 = 139.1 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 3.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 339.3 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 153.5 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6235 1053 +ve 0 308.565 0 31.467 0 881.532
- 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 0 0 0 0 0
1101 NORMAL LC1 - - - 1101 NORMA-
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6235 1053 +ve 0 1.115 0 0.242 0 2.971
542 LOAD GENERATIO 589 LOAD GE 523 LOAD GE 101 LOAD GE 592 LOAD GE 164 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #164, (1
-ve 0 -0.083 0 -0.499 0 -2.112
636 LOAD GENERATIO 58 LOAD GEN 592 LOAD GE 565 LOAD GE 523 LOAD GE 460 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #460, (2
Total
6235 1053 +ve 0.00 309.79 0.00 31.71 0.00 884.80
-ve 0.00 -0.09 0.00 -0.50 0.00 -2.32
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 682.00 234.28 104.67


b2 32 4 3217.0 618.00 195.90
618.00 24.970
b3 32 2 1608.5 554.00 157.51
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
8042.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 168.00 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 291.41 mm
Total compression = 1637.24 kN
Total tension = 1637.24 kN
Moment = 884.80 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 234.28 / 200000 = 0.00117


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 750.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 682.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 750.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 291.4 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 458.59 * 458.59 / (3 * 200000 * 8042.48 * 390.59) = 0.00005

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*750*458.59/(0.00117*8042.48*458.59)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00005
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00138
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00133
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


974

Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm


Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00133 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 326.59) = 0.193 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


975

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6237 2219 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
- - 1101 NORMAL
- 1101 NORMAL-

-ve 0.00 -77.51 0.00 -2.31 0.00 -300.34


1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL LC1 1101 NORMAL
- 1101 NORMAL
- LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6237 2219 +ve 0 0.52 0 0.271 0 0.466
444 LOAD GENERATIO
165 LOAD GE 603 LOAD GE601 LOAD GE 603 LOAD GE647 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #647, (2
-ve 0 -0.825 0 -0.26 0 -0.706

481 LOAD GENERATIO


642 LOAD GE
478 LOAD GE
59 LOAD GEN
478 LOAD GE
112 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #112, (1
Total
6237 2219 +ve 0.00 0.57 0.00 0.27 0.00 0.51
-ve 0.00 -78.42 0.00 -2.57 0.00 -301.11
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 682.00 153.44 104.67


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
682.00 10.158
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
3217.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 185.40 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 215.97 mm
Total compression = 493.62 kN
Total tension = 493.62 kN
Moment = 301.11 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 153.44 / 200000 = 0.00077


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 750.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 682.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 750.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 216.0 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 534.03 * 534.03 / (3 * 200000 * 3216.99 * 466.03) = 0.00014

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*750*534.03/(0.00077*3216.99*534.03)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00021
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00088
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00074
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00074 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 466.03) = 0.143 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


976

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6242 1118 +ve 0 0 0 0 0 726.857
1101 NORMAL LC1 - - - - 1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 -340.618 0 -34.678 0 0
- 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA-
TRAIN Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6242 1118 +ve 0 0.281 0 0.387 0 3.711
515 LOAD GENERATIO 163 LOAD GE 526 LOAD GE 516 LOAD GE 553 LOAD GE 467 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #467, (3
-ve 0 -0.428 0 -0.19 0 -2.953
486 LOAD GENERATIO 466 LOAD GE 524 LOAD GE 29 LOAD GEN 524 LOAD GE 163 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #163, (1
Total
6242 1118 +ve 0.00 0.31 0.00 0.39 0.00 730.94
-ve 0.00 -341.09 0.00 -34.87 0.00 -3.25
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 682.00 219.63 104.67


b2 32 4 3217.0 618.00 185.16
650.00 21.103
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
6434.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 176.70 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 274.25 mm
Total compression = 1302.21 kN
Total tension = 1302.21 kN
Moment = 730.94 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 219.63 / 200000 = 0.00110


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 750.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 682.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 750.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 274.3 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 475.75 * 475.75 / (3 * 200000 * 6433.98 * 407.75) = 0.00006

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*750*475.75/(0.0011*6433.98*475.75)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00007
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00128
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00122
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00122 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 375.75) = 0.195 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


977

Deflection check in serviceability Limit State

Ref. staad file for deflection check at mid span of beam.

Deflection due to all loads except train load


Node L/C X-Trans Y-Trans mm Z-Trans mm Absolute mmX-Rotan rad Y-Rotan rad Z-Rotan rad
2219 1101 0.214 -15.809 -0.069 15.81 -0.001 0 0.001

Deflection due to train load


2219 542 0.578 -0.144 0.362 0.697 0 0 0

ALL LOADS EXCLUDING TRAIN LOAD


LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 1101
ABSOLUTE DISPLACEMENT = 15.809 mm
TRAIN LOAD
LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 542
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT DUE TO MOVING LOAD = 0.144 mm
TOTAL DEFLECTION = 15.953 mm

ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION = MIN. OF (L/350 OR 20 mm) = 20 mm WHICH IS >15.953 mm


HENCE THE BEAM IS SAFE IN DEFLECTION.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


978

Beam number = CB26B-CB26C GRID MKD = K-L


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 40 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 17 m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
6158 1118 +ve 0.00 410.89 0.00 69.35 0.00 835.91
- 2101 NORMA 2304 WIND 2101 NORMA 2307 WIND 2201 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2A
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
- - 2307 WIND - 2304 WIND -
train load Multification factor = 1.75 0.00
6158 1118 +ve 0.00 2.02 0.00 0.35 0.00 7.40
- 32 LOAD GEN 491 LOAD GE647 LOAD GE 624 LOAD GE 32 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #32, (29 o
-ve 0.00 -4.08 0.00 -0.83 0.00 -16.09
- 601 LOAD GE 551 LOAD GE117 LOAD GE 491 LOAD GE 565 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #565, (1
Total
6158 1118 +ve 0.00 414.42 0.00 69.96 0.00 835.91
-ve 0.00 -7.14 0.00 -1.44 0.00 0.00
Span Moment
6779 1152 +ve 5.73 143.98 0.01 58.33 0.01 0.00
2302 WIND UNLOADE2205 SEISMI 2301 WIND 2201 SEISMI 2302 WIND U -
-ve -5.73 0.00 -0.01 0.00 -0.01 -259.73
2301 WIND UNLOADE- 2302 WIND - 2301 WIND U 2208 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2B
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 0.00
6779 1152 +ve 0.00 0.29 0.00 0.80 0.00 3.29
492 LOAD GENERATION
419 LOAD GEN 524 LOAD GEN212 LOAD GEN 638 LOAD GEN615 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #615, (182 o
-ve 0.00 -1.50 0.00 -2.24 0.00 -2.64
558 LOAD GENERATION
136 LOAD GEN 638 LOAD GEN539 LOAD GEN 524 LOAD GEN63 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #63, (60 of 21
Total
6779 1152 +ve 5.73 143.98 0.01 59.73 0.01 0.00
-ve -5.73 0.00 -0.01 -3.93 -0.01 -259.73
Right Support
6786 2201 +ve 6.70 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.11 845.20
2302 WIND UNLOAD- 2301 WIND - 2301 WIND 2204 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2A
-ve -6.70 -279.95 -0.04 -44.40 -0.11 0
2301 WIND UNLOAD2201 SEISM2302 WIND 2201 SEISM2302 WIND -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 0.00
6786 2201 +ve 0.00 2.58 0.00 1.65 0.00 26.704
463 LOAD GENERATIO 140 LOAD GE 564 LOAD GE 556 LOAD GE 564 LOAD GE 526 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #526, (9
-ve 0.00 -5.31 0.00 -0.54 0.00 -13.305
438 LOAD GENERATIO 522 LOAD GE 434 LOAD GE 67 LOAD GEN 434 LOAD GE 32 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #32, (29 o
Total
6786 2201 +ve 6.70 0.00 0.04 2.89 0.11 845.20
-ve -6.70 -279.95 -0.04 -45.34 -0.11 0.00

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


979

Beam No.
CB 26B MID CB 26B Remarks
Unit CB26B LEFT
SPAN RIGHT/CB 26C

Width of Beam b 450 450 450


Depth of Beam D 1000 1000 1000
Effective Depth d 900 932 900
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 835.91 0.00 845.20
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 835.91 0.00 845.20
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 2.29 0.00 2.32
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pt,Lim % 0.57 0.00 0.57
pt2 % 0.00 0.00 0.00
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 0.57 0.00 0.57
d' mm 68.00 68.00 68.00
d'/d mm 0.08 0.07 0.08
fsc N/mm2 418.84 419.42 418.84 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.304 0.304 0.304 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 2298.3 1273.2 2326.0
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at first layer = 4 4 4
Nos. of bars at second layer = 4 0 2
Nos. of bars at third layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 6434 3217 4825
Ast, provided (%) 1.43 0.71 1.07
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 0.00 259.73 0.00
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 0.00 259.73 0.00
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.00 0.66 0.00
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.00 0.16 0.00
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.304 0.304 0.304
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 1229.5 1273.2 1229.5
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 4 4 4
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 3217 3217 3217
Ast, provided (%) 0.71 0.71 0.71
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


980

CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]


LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y kNmMoment-Z kNm
6158 5000 1118 0 306.241 0 51.328 0 610.426
1152 0 -2.454 0 -51.328 0 87.996
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6158 601 1152 0 4.08 0 -0.205 0 -2.771

TOTAL
6158 1152 0 308.69 0 0 0 608.7634

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
6786 5000 2203 0 -49.307 0 -30.804 0 -21.733
2201 0 201.424 0 30.804 0 -501.666

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6786 522 2201 0 5.312 0 -1.481 0 -26.431

TOTAL
6786 2201 0 -46.12 0 0 0 -37.5916
0 0 204.61 0 0 0 -501.666

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 414.42 143.98 279.95
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 414.42 143.98 279.95
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 308.69 204.61
Mh kN-m 2016.20 1606.41
Ms kN-m 1133.78 1133.78
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 534.35 464.02
Shear stress N/mm2 1.319 0.343 1.146
% of tensile steel % 1.589 0.767 1.191
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 0.862 0.676 0.783 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.863 0.856 0.863 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)
Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.744 0.579 0.676
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 12
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 2 2 2
Asv provided mm2 226.2 226.2 226.2
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 546.64 546.64 546.64 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 224.21 1328.55 251.44 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 125 150 125
Hence Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


981

Side face Reinforcement


Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 450 * 900/100 = 202.5 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 5.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 565.5 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 144.0 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6158 1118 +ve 0 273.955 0 46.264 0 546.342
- 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 0 0 0 0 0
- - - - 1101 NORMA-
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6158 1118 +ve 0 2.016 0 0.349 0 7.404
- 32 LOAD GEN 491 LOAD GE 647 LOAD GE 624 LOAD GE 32 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #32, (29 o
-ve 0 -4.08 0 -0.825 0 -16.086
- 601 LOAD GE 551 LOAD GE 117 LOAD GE 491 LOAD GE 565 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #565, (1
Total
6158 1118 +ve 0.00 276.17 0.00 46.61 0.00 554.49
-ve 0.00 -4.49 0.00 -0.83 0.00 -17.69
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 932.00 115.31 104.67


b2 32 4 3217.0 868.00 102.92
900.00 9.286
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
6434.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 244.66 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 336.00 mm
Total compression = 702.05 kN
Total tension = 702.05 kN
Moment = 554.49 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 115.31 / 200000 = 0.00058


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1000.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 932.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1000.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 336.0 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 664 * 664 / (3 * 200000 * 6433.98 * 596) = 0.00009

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1000*664/(0.00058*6433.98*664)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00018
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00064
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00056
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


982

Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm


Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00056 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 564) = 0.110 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


983

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6779 1152 +ve 0.00 83.69 0.00 34.36 0.00 0.00
- 1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL
- -

-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -152.79


1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL LC1 - - - 1101 NORMALLC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6779 1152 +ve 0 0.287 0 0.799 0 3.292
492 LOAD GENERATIO
419 LOAD GE 524 LOAD GE212 LOAD GE 638 LOAD GE615 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #615, (1
-ve 0 -1.498 0 -2.243 0 -2.637

558 LOAD GENERATIO


136 LOAD GE
638 LOAD GE
539 LOAD GE
524 LOAD GE
63 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #63, (60 o
Total
6779 1152 +ve 0.00 84.01 0.00 35.16 0.00 3.62
-ve 0.00 -1.65 0.00 -2.24 0.00 -155.69
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 932.00 57.24 104.67


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
932.00 3.154
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
3217.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 253.36 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 259.45 mm
Total compression = 184.13 kN
Total tension = 184.13 kN
Moment = 155.69 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 57.24 / 200000 = 0.00029


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1000.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 932.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1000.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 259.4 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 740.55 * 740.55 / (3 * 200000 * 3216.99 * 672.55) = 0.00019

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1000*740.55/(0.00029*3216.99*740.55)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00074
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00032
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00013
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00013 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 672.55) = 0.025 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


984

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6786 2201 +ve 0 0 0 0 0 503.818
- - 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMA1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 -179.953 0 -28.512 0 0
1101 NORMAL LC1 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMA - -
TRAIN Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6786 2201 +ve 0 2.583 0 1.651 0 26.704
463 LOAD GENERATIO 140 LOAD GE 564 LOAD GE 556 LOAD GE 564 LOAD GE 526 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #526, (9
-ve 0 -5.312 0 -0.539 0 -13.305
438 LOAD GENERATIO 522 LOAD GE 434 LOAD GE 67 LOAD GEN 434 LOAD GE 32 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #32, (29 o
Total
6786 2201 +ve 0.00 2.84 0.00 1.65 0.00 533.19
-ve 0.00 -185.80 0.00 -29.05 0.00 -14.64
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 932.00 140.95 104.67


b2 32 2 1608.5 868.00 126.63
900.00 9.663
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
4825.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 244.66 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 302.23 mm
Total compression = 657.11 kN
Total tension = 657.11 kN
Moment = 533.19 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 140.95 / 200000 = 0.00070


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1000.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 932.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1000.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 302.2 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 697.77 * 697.77 / (3 * 200000 * 4825.49 * 629.77) = 0.00012

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1000*697.77/(0.0007*4825.49*697.77)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00020
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00078
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00066
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00066 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 597.77) = 0.131 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


985

Deflection check in serviceability Limit State

Ref. staad file for deflection check at mid span of beam.

Deflection due to all loads except train load


Node L/C X-Trans Y-Trans mm Z-Trans mm Absolute mmX-Rotan rad Y-Rotan rad Z-Rotan rad
1152 1101 0.214 -5.002 -0.118 5.008 -0.001 0 0

Deflection due to train load


1152 144 -0.301 -0.062 0.157 0.345 0 0 0

ALL LOADS EXCLUDING TRAIN LOAD


LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 1101
ABSOLUTE DISPLACEMENT = 5.002 mm
TRAIN LOAD
LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 144
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT DUE TO MOVING LOAD = 0.062 mm
TOTAL DEFLECTION = 5.064 mm

ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION = MIN. OF (L/350 OR 20 mm) = 20 mm WHICH IS >5.064 mm


HENCE THE BEAM IS SAFE IN DEFLECTION.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


CB - 31
CB - 34
CB - 38A
989

Beam number = CB38A GRID MKD = H'-J


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 40 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 16 m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
6762 2193 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 12.38 0.00 529.64
2305 WIND UNLOAD- - 2208 SEISM- 2204 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2A
-ve 0.00 -275.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2302 WIND UNLOAD2101 NORMA 2301 WIND - 2301 WIND -
train load Multification factor = 1.75 0.00
6762 2193 +ve 0.00 1.88 0.00 0.36 0.00 4.86
141 LOAD GENERATIO601 LOAD GE 49 LOAD GEN 561 LOAD GE 49 LOAD GEN 9 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #9, (6 of 21
-ve 0.00 -0.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 -13.67
528 LOAD GENERATIO9 LOAD GENE 477 LOAD GE - 477 LOAD GE 601 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #601, (1
Total
6762 2193 +ve 0.00 3.29 0.00 13.01 0.00 529.64
-ve 0.00 -275.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Span Moment
6762 2191 +ve 0.00 108.31 0.00 12.37 0.00 0.00
- 2101 NORMAL 2308 WIND 2205 SEISMI 2303 WIND U -
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -279.00
2301 WIND UNLOADE- 2303 WIND - 2308 WIND U 2204 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2A
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.75 0.00
6762 2191 +ve 0.00 1.88 0.00 0.36 0.00 2.40
141 LOAD GENERATION
601 LOAD GEN 49 LOAD GENE561 LOAD GEN524 LOAD GEN 167 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #167, (164 o
-ve 0.00 -0.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1.27
528 LOAD GENERATION
9 LOAD GENER 477 LOAD GEN- 49 LOAD GENE 442 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #442, (9 of 2
Total
6762 2191 +ve 0.00 111.60 0.00 12.99 0.00 0.00
-ve 0.00 -0.68 0.00 0.00 0.00 -279.00
Right Support
6763 2189 +ve 0.00 159.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 72.54
2302 WIND UNLOAD2101 NORMA - - 2301 WIND 2201 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2A
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -16.12 0.00 0
- - 2301 WIND 2208 SEISM- -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.75 0.00
6763 2189 +ve 0.00 0.38 0.00 0.01 0.00 1.358
542 LOAD GENERATIO98 LOAD GEN 141 LOAD GE459 LOAD GE 500 LOAD GE 642 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #642, (2
-ve 0.00 -1.15 0.00 -0.23 0.00 -0.893
94 LOAD GENERATION601 LOAD GE 500 LOAD GE9 LOAD GENE 141 LOAD GE 9 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #9, (6 of 21
Total
6763 2189 +ve 0.00 160.52 0.00 0.01 0.00 72.54
-ve 0.00 -2.02 0.00 -16.53 0.00 0.00

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


990

Beam No.
CB 38A MID Remarks
Unit
CB 38A LEFT SPAN CB 38A RIGHT
Width of Beam b 300 300 300
Depth of Beam D 900 900 900
Effective Depth d 800 832 832
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 529.64 0.00 72.54
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 529.64 0.00 72.54
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 2.76 0.00 0.35
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pt,Lim % 0.69 0.00 0.08
pt2 % 0.00 0.00 0.00
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 0.69 0.00 0.08
d' mm 68.00 68.00 68.00
d'/d mm 0.09 0.08 0.08
fsc N/mm2 416.55 417.37 417.37 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.304 0.304 0.304 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 1666.7 757.7 757.7
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at first layer = 2 2 2
Nos. of bars at second layer = 2 0 0
Nos. of bars at third layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 3217 1608 1608
Ast, provided (%) 1.19 0.60 0.60
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 0.00 279.00 0.00
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 0.00 279.00 0.00
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.00 1.34 0.00
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.00 0.32 0.00
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.304 0.304 0.304
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 833.4 803.3 757.7
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 2 2 2
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 1608 1608 1608
Ast, provided (%) 0.60 0.60 0.60
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


991

CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]


LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y kNmMoment-Z kNm
6762 5000 2191 0 79.842 0 7.705 0 -99.186
2193 0 205.234 0 -7.705 0 -349.404
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6762 601 2191 0 1.881 0 0.341 0 -0.21

TOTAL
6762 2191 0 206.36 0 0 0 -99.312

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
6763 5000 2189 0 110.889 0 -10.863 0 43.78
2192 0 90.176 0 10.863 0 9.525

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6763 601 2192 0 1.154 0 0.07 0 -7.228

TOTAL
6763 2192 0 111.58 0 0 0 39.4432
0 0 90.87 0 0 0 9.525

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 275.75 111.60 160.52
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 275.75 111.60 160.52
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 206.36 111.58
Mh kN-m 931.00 535.02
Ms kN-m 512.63 535.02
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 298.03 239.86
Shear stress N/mm2 1.242 0.447 0.961
% of tensile steel % 1.340 0.644 0.644
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 0.814 0.638 0.638 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.889 0.880 0.880 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)
Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.724 0.562 0.562
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 12
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 2 2 2
Asv provided mm2 226.2 226.2 226.2
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 819.96 819.96 819.96 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 357.43 1149.46 410.40 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 150 150 150
Hence Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


992

Side face Reinforcement


Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 300 * 800/100 = 120.0 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 4.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 452.4 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 152.8 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6762 2193 +ve 0 0 0 6.88688 0 313.81259
1101 NORMAL LC1 - - 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 -183.391 0 0 0 0
- 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMA-
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6762 2193 +ve 0 1.881 0 0.359 0 4.861
141 LOAD GENERATIO 601 LOAD GE 49 LOAD GEN 561 LOAD GE 49 LOAD GEN 9 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #9, (6 of 21
-ve 0 -0.387 0 0 0 -13.666
528 LOAD GENERATIO 9 LOAD GENE 477 LOAD GE - 477 LOAD GE 601 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #601, (1
Total
6762 2193 +ve 0.00 2.07 0.00 7.25 0.00 319.16
-ve 0.00 -183.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 -15.03
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 2 1608.5 832.00 148.58 164.00


b2 32 2 1608.5 768.00 131.37
800.00 10.739
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
3217.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 217.48 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 279.53 mm
Total compression = 450.29 kN
Total tension = 450.29 kN
Moment = 319.16 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 148.58 / 200000 = 0.00074


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 900.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 832.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 900.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 279.5 mm
Width of section, b = 300.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 300 * 620.47 * 620.47 / (3 * 200000 * 3216.99 * 552.47) = 0.00011

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*300*900*620.47/(0.00074*3216.99*620.47)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00017
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00083
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00073
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 90.53 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


993

Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm


Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 90.53 * 0.00073 / (1 + 2 * 38.53 / 520.47) = 0.172 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


994

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6762 2191 +ve 0.00 72.20 0.00 6.90 0.00 0.00
- 1101 NORMAL
- 1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL-

-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -166.03


1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL LC1 - 1101 NORMAL
- - LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6762 2191 +ve 0 1.881 0 0.359 0 2.399
141 LOAD GENERATIO
601 LOAD GE 49 LOAD GEN561 LOAD GE524 LOAD GE167 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #167, (1
-ve 0 -0.387 0 0 0 -1.273

528 LOAD GENERATIO


9 LOAD GENE
477 LOAD GE
- 49 LOAD GEN
442 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #442, (9
Total
6762 2191 +ve 0.00 74.27 0.00 7.26 0.00 2.64
-ve 0.00 -0.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 -167.43
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 2 1608.5 832.00 136.91 164.00


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
832.00 6.823
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
1608.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 226.17 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 215.18 mm
Total compression = 220.22 kN
Total tension = 220.22 kN
Moment = 167.43 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 136.91 / 200000 = 0.00068


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 900.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 832.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 900.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 215.2 mm
Width of section, b = 300.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 300 * 684.82 * 684.82 / (3 * 200000 * 1608.5 * 616.82) = 0.00024

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*300*900*684.82/(0.00068*1608.5*684.82)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00037
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00076
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00052
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 90.53 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 90.53 * 0.00052 / (1 + 2 * 38.53 / 616.82) = 0.126 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


995

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6763 2189 +ve 0 106.573 0 0 0 42.06395
1101 NORMAL LC1 1101 NORMA - - 1101 NORMA1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 0 0 -9.62871 0 0
- - 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - -
TRAIN Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6763 2189 +ve 0 0.378 0 0.007 0 1.358
542 LOAD GENERATIO 98 LOAD GEN 141 LOAD GE 459 LOAD GE 500 LOAD GE 642 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #642, (2
-ve 0 -1.154 0 -0.232 0 -0.893
94 LOAD GENERATION 601 LOAD GE 500 LOAD GE 9 LOAD GENE 141 LOAD GE 9 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #9, (6 of 21
Total
6763 2189 +ve 0.00 106.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 43.56
-ve 0.00 -1.27 0.00 -9.86 0.00 -0.98
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 2 1608.5 832.00 35.62 164.00


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
832.00 1.775
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
1608.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 226.17 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 215.18 mm
Total compression = 57.29 kN
Total tension = 57.29 kN
Moment = 43.56 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 35.62 / 200000 = 0.00018


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 900.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 832.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 900.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 215.2 mm
Width of section, b = 300.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 300 * 684.82 * 684.82 / (3 * 200000 * 1608.5 * 616.82) = 0.00024

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*300*900*684.82/(0.00018*1608.5*684.82)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00143
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00020
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00000
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 90.53 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 90.53 * 0 / (1 + 2 * 38.53 / 616.82) = 0.000 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


996

Deflection check in serviceability Limit State

Ref. staad file for deflection check at mid span of beam.

Deflection due to all loads except train load


Node L/C X-Trans Y-Trans mm Z-Trans mm Absolute mmX-Rotan rad Y-Rotan rad Z-Rotan rad
2191 1101 0.24 -7.332 0.013 7.336 -0.001 0 0

Deflection due to train load


2191 601 0.581 -0.132 0.358 0.695 0 0 0

ALL LOADS EXCLUDING TRAIN LOAD


LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 1101
ABSOLUTE DISPLACEMENT = 7.332 mm
TRAIN LOAD
LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 601
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT DUE TO MOVING LOAD = 0.132 mm
TOTAL DEFLECTION = 7.464 mm

ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION = MIN. OF (L/350 OR 20 mm) = 20 mm WHICH IS >7.464 mm


HENCE THE BEAM IS SAFE IN DEFLECTION.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


CB - 39A
998

Beam number = CB39A GRID MKD = K-L


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 40 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 12.225 m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
7081 2408 +ve 6.12 87.16 0.32 3.15 0.15 151.75
2201 SEISMIC UNL 2205 SEISM2201 SEISM2213 SEISM2213 SEISM 2205 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2B
-ve -5.89 -3.32 -0.05 -4.47 -0.51 -53.86
2212 SEISMIC UNL 2216 SEISM2212 SEISM2258 SEISM2208 SEISM 2216 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2B
train load Multification factor = 0.00 0.00
7081 2408 +ve 0.44 0.00 0.02 0.08 0.02 0.00
601 LOAD GENERATIO - 306 LOAD GE 131 LOAD GE 601 LOAD GE -
-ve -0.20 -1.14 -0.01 -0.21 -0.03 -4.25
32 LOAD GENERATION 482 LOAD GE 131 LOAD GE 480 LOAD GE 306 LOAD GE 484 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #484, (5
Total
7081 2408 +ve 6.12 87.16 0.32 3.15 0.15 151.75
-ve -5.89 -3.32 -0.05 -4.47 -0.51 -53.86
Span Moment
7079 2408 +ve 5.39 0.00 0.26 7.77 0.56 131.50
2204 SEISMIC UNLOA- 2212 SEISMI 2208 SEISMI 2212 SEISMI 2208 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2B
-ve -5.07 -80.26 -0.29 0.00 -0.65 -90.26
2209 SEISMIC UNLOA2205 SEISMI 2201 SEISMI - 2201 SEISMI 2212 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2B
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 0.00
7079 2408 +ve 0.38 2.23 0.01 0.25 0.02 0.70
601 LOAD GENERATION534 LOAD GEN 32 LOAD GENE 601 LOAD GEN 32 LOAD GENE 138 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #138, (135 o
-ve -0.18 -0.17 -0.02 -0.09 -0.04 -7.34
32 LOAD GENERATION,109 LOAD GEN 601 LOAD GEN 63 LOAD GENE 601 LOAD GEN 456 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #456, (23 of
Total
7079 2408 +ve 5.39 0.00 0.26 7.77 0.56 131.50
-ve -5.07 -80.26 -0.29 0.00 -0.65 -90.26
Right Support
7077 2405 +ve 4.48 104.85 0.26 4.72 0.61 254.96
2201 SEISMIC UNL 2201 SEISM2209 SEISM2205 SEISM2201 SEISM 2201 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2A
-ve -4.23 0.00 -0.28 -0.59 -0.58 -81.774
2212 SEISMIC UNL - 2204 SEISM2216 SEISM2212 SEISM 2212 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2A
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 0.00
7077 2405 +ve 0.32 3.42 0.01 0.18 0.04 16.316
601 LOAD GENERATIO 601 LOAD GE 32 LOAD GEN 171 LOAD GE 601 LOAD GE 601 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #601, (1
-ve -0.15 -1.73 -0.02 -0.12 -0.02 -7.727
32 LOAD GENERATION 64 LOAD GEN 601 LOAD GE 507 LOAD GE 32 LOAD GEN 64 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #64, (61 o
Total
7077 2405 +ve 4.48 104.85 0.26 4.72 0.61 254.96
-ve -4.23 0.00 -0.28 -0.59 -0.58 -81.77

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


999

Beam No.
CB 39A MID Remarks
Unit
CB 39A LEFT SPAN CB 39A RIGHT
Width of Beam b 300 300 300
Depth of Beam D 900 900 900
Effective Depth d 832 832 832
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 151.75 131.50 254.96
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 151.75 131.50 254.96
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.73 0.63 1.23
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pt,Lim % 0.17 0.15 0.29
pt2 % 0.00 0.00 0.00
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 0.17 0.15 0.29
d' mm 68.00 68.00 68.00
d'/d mm 0.08 0.08 0.08
fsc N/mm2 417.37 417.37 417.37 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.304 0.304 0.304 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 757.7 757.7 757.7
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at first layer = 2 2 2
Nos. of bars at second layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at third layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 1608 1608 1608
Ast, provided (%) 0.60 0.60 0.60
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 53.86 90.26 81.77
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 53.86 90.26 81.77
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.26 0.43 0.39
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.06 0.10 0.09
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.304 0.304 0.304
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 757.7 757.7 757.7
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 2 2 2
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 1608 1608 1608
Ast, provided (%) 0.60 0.60 0.60
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1000

CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]


LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y kNmMoment-Z kNm
7081 5000 2408 0.061 45.937 0.155 -1.753 -0.209 49.741
2406 -0.061 23.647 -0.155 1.753 -0.397 -5.08
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
7081 482 2406 -0.138 1.142 -0.02 0.199 -0.053 -0.225

TOTAL
7081 2406 -0.138 46.62 0 0 0 49.606

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
7077 5000 2405 0.098 69.232 -0.005 2.685 0.012 101.39
2407 -0.098 13.565 0.005 -2.685 0.009 14.815

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
7077 601 2405 0.319 3.418 -0.02 0.006 0.044 16.316

TOTAL
7077 2405 0.319 71.28 0 0 0 111.1796
0 0 15.62 0 0 0 14.815

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 87.16 80.26 104.85
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 87.16 80.26 104.85
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 46.62 71.28
Mh kN-m 535.02 535.02
Ms kN-m 535.02 535.02
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 169.16 193.82
Shear stress N/mm2 0.678 0.322 0.777
% of tensile steel % 0.644 0.644 0.644
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 0.638 0.638 0.638 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.880 0.880 0.880 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)
Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.562 0.562 0.562
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 12
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 2 2 2
Asv provided mm2 226.2 226.2 226.2
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 819.96 819.96 819.96 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 635.70 2052.96 533.53 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 150 150 150
Hence Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1001

Side face Reinforcement


Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 300 * 832/100 = 124.8 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 4.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 452.4 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 152.8 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
7081 2408 +ve 0.004 41.615 0.148 0 0 42.066
1101 NORMAL LC1 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - - 1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 0 0 -2.645 -0.203 0
- - - 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA-
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
7081 2408 +ve 0.443 0 0.02 0.075 0.016 0
601 LOAD GENERATIO - 306 LOAD GE 131 LOAD GE 601 LOAD GE -
-ve -0.204 -1.142 -0.01 -0.206 -0.03 -4.249
32 LOAD GENERATION 482 LOAD GE 131 LOAD GE 480 LOAD GE 306 LOAD GE 484 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #484, (5
Total
7081 2408 +ve 0.45 41.62 0.17 0.08 0.02 42.07
-ve -0.20 -1.26 -0.01 -2.85 -0.23 -4.67
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 2 1608.5 832.00 34.40 164.00


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
832.00 1.714
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
1608.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 226.17 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 215.18 mm
Total compression = 55.33 kN
Total tension = 55.33 kN
Moment = 42.07 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 34.4 / 200000 = 0.00017


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 900.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 832.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 900.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 215.2 mm
Width of section, b = 300.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 300 * 684.82 * 684.82 / (3 * 200000 * 1608.5 * 616.82) = 0.00024

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*300*900*684.82/(0.00017*1608.5*684.82)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00148
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00019
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00000
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 90.53 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1002

Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm


Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 90.53 * 0 / (1 + 2 * 38.53 / 616.82) = 0.000 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1003

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
7079 2408 +ve 0.07 0.00 0.00 4.43 0.00 42.36
1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL LC1 - - 1101 NORMAL
- LC1

-ve 0.00 -51.51 -0.02 0.00 -0.04 -90.26


- 1101 NORMAL 1101 NORMAL - 1101 NORMAL-
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
7079 2408 +ve 0.383 2.228 0.009 0.249 0.02 0.704
601 LOAD GENERATIO534 LOAD GE 32 LOAD GEN 601 LOAD GE 32 LOAD GEN 138 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #138, (1
-ve -0.177 -0.172 -0.02 -0.09 -0.043 -7.339

32 LOAD GENERATION
109 LOAD GE
601 LOAD GE
63 LOAD GEN
601 LOAD GE
456 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #456, (2
Total
7079 2408 +ve 0.46 2.45 0.01 4.68 0.02 43.14
-ve -0.18 -51.70 -0.04 -0.09 -0.09 -98.33
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 2 1608.5 832.00 80.41 164.00


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
832.00 4.007
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
1608.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 226.17 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 215.18 mm
Total compression = 129.33 kN
Total tension = 129.33 kN
Moment = 98.33 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 80.41 / 200000 = 0.00040


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 900.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 832.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 900.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 215.2 mm
Width of section, b = 300.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 300 * 684.82 * 684.82 / (3 * 200000 * 1608.5 * 616.82) = 0.00024

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*300*900*684.82/(0.0004*1608.5*684.82)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00063
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00045
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00021
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 90.53 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 90.53 * 0.00021 / (1 + 2 * 38.53 / 616.82) = 0.051 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1004

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
7077 2405 +ve 0.055 66.821 0 2.756 0.006 96.892
1101 NORMAL LC1 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 0 -0.003 0 0 0
- - 1101 NORMA - - -
TRAIN Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
7077 2405 +ve 0.319 3.418 0.009 0.181 0.044 16.316
601 LOAD GENERATIO 601 LOAD GE 32 LOAD GEN 171 LOAD GE 601 LOAD GE 601 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #601, (1
-ve -0.147 -1.726 -0.02 -0.121 -0.02 -7.727
32 LOAD GENERATION 64 LOAD GEN 601 LOAD GE 507 LOAD GE 32 LOAD GEN 64 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #64, (61 o
Total
7077 2405 +ve 0.37 70.58 0.01 2.94 0.05 114.84
-ve -0.15 -1.90 -0.02 -0.12 -0.02 -8.50
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 2 1608.5 832.00 93.91 164.00


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
832.00 4.680
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
1608.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 226.17 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 215.18 mm
Total compression = 151.05 kN
Total tension = 151.05 kN
Moment = 114.84 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 93.91 / 200000 = 0.00047


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 900.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 832.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 900.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 215.2 mm
Width of section, b = 300.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 300 * 684.82 * 684.82 / (3 * 200000 * 1608.5 * 616.82) = 0.00024

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*300*900*684.82/(0.00047*1608.5*684.82)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00054
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00052
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00028
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 90.53 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 90.53 * 0.00028 / (1 + 2 * 38.53 / 616.82) = 0.069 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1005

Deflection check in serviceability Limit State

Ref. staad file for deflection check at mid span of beam.

Deflection due to all loads except train load


Node L/C X-Trans Y-Trans mm Z-Trans mm Absolute mmX-Rotan rad Y-Rotan rad Z-Rotan rad
2406 1101 0.241 -0.495 -0.115 0.562 0 0 0

Deflection due to train load


2406 458 0.573 -0.018 0.371 0.683 0 0 0

ALL LOADS EXCLUDING TRAIN LOAD


LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 1101
ABSOLUTE DISPLACEMENT = 0.495 mm
TRAIN LOAD
LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 458
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT DUE TO MOVING LOAD = 0.018 mm
TOTAL DEFLECTION = 0.513 mm

ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION = MIN. OF (L/350 OR 20 mm) = 20 mm WHICH IS >0.513 mm


HENCE THE BEAM IS SAFE IN DEFLECTION.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


CB - 40A
1007

Beam number = 40A


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 40 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 2.75 m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
+ve

-ve

train load Multification factor = 0.00 0.00


+ve

-ve

Total
0 0 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 38.23
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Span Moment
+ve

-ve

TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 0.00


+ve

-ve

Total
0 0 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 47.79
Right Support
+ve

-ve

TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 0.00


+ve

-ve

Total
0 0 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 38.23
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1008

Beam No.
at left face of at right face of Remarks
Unit Midspan
column column
Width of Beam b 300 300 300
Depth of Beam D 600 600 600
Effective Depth d 536 536 536
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 38.23 0.00 38.23
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 38.23 0.00 38.23
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.44 0.00 0.44
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pt,Lim % 0.10 0.00 0.10
pt2 % 0.00 0.00 0.00
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 0.10 0.00 0.10
d' mm 64.50 64.50 64.50
d'/d mm 0.12 0.12 0.12
fsc N/mm2 405.92 405.92 405.92 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.304 0.304 0.304 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 487.7 487.7 487.7
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 25 25 25
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 20 20 20
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 20 20 20
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 20 20 20
Nos. of bars at first layer = 2 2 2
Nos. of bars at second layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at third layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 982 982 982
Ast, provided (%) 0.55 0.55 0.55
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 0.00 47.79 0.00
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 0.00 47.79 0.00
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.00 0.56 0.00
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.00 0.13 0.00
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.304 0.304 0.304
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 487.7 487.7 487.7
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 25 25 25
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 20 20 20
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 20 20 20
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 20 20 20
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 2 2 2
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 982 982 982
Ast, provided (%) 0.55 0.55 0.55
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1009

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 51.82 0.00 51.82
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 82.02 184.24
Mh kN-m 211.13 211.13
Ms kN-m 211.13 211.13
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 51.82 51.82
Shear stress N/mm2 0.323 0.000 0.323
% of tensile steel % 0.611 0.611 0.611
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 0.627 0.627 0.627 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.983 0.983 0.983 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)

Dist enhancement factor 1.000 1.000 1.000


Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.616 0.616 0.616
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 12
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 2 2 2
Asv provided mm2 226.2 226.2 226.2
spacing required = 1016.8 1016.8
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 819.96 819.96 819.96 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 150 150 150
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

Side face Reinforcement

Since pile cap depth is more than 600mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 300 * 535.5/100 = 80.3 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 2.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 226.2 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 157.0 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)

3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10

Total
+ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 38.23
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 25 2 981.7 535.50 79.41 171.00


b2 20 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
535.50 3.839
b3 20 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 20 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
981.7

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1010

Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00


Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 145.57 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 135.39 mm
Total compression = 77.96 kN
Total tension = 77.96 kN
Moment = 38.23 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 79.41 / 200000 = 0.00040


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 600.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 535.5 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 600.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 135.4 mm
Width of section, b = 300.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 300 * 464.61 * 464.61 / (3 * 200000 * 981.75 * 400.11) = 0.00027

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*300*600*464.61/(0.0004*981.75*464.61)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00070
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00046
Therefore average tensile strain em 3a cr ε m = 0.00019
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  dc 
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 94.60 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 64.50 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack =

= 3 * 94.6 * 0.00019 / (1 + 2 * 42.6 / 400.11) = 0.044 mm


< 0.2 mm OK

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)

TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10

Total
+ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 47.79

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1011

Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 25 2 981.7 535.50 99.26 171.00


b2 20 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
535.50 4.798
b3 20 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 20 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
981.7
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 145.57 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 135.39 mm
Total compression = 97.45 kN
Total tension = 97.45 kN
Moment = 47.79 kN-m
s
3a cr ε m
cmin 1 2  a cr c nom  /  h  d c 
acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 99.26 / 200000 = 0.00050


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 600.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 535.5 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 600.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 135.4 mm
Width of section, b = 300.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 300 * 464.61 * 464.61 / (3 * 200000 * 981.75 * 400.11) = 0.00027

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*300*600*464.61/(0.0005*981.75*464.61)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00056
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00058
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00030
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 94.60 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 64.50 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack =

= 3 * 94.6 * 0.0003 / (1 + 2 * 42.6 / 400.11) = 0.071 mm


< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1012

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)

TRAIN Multification factor = 1.10 1.10

Total
+ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 38.23
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 25 2 981.7 535.50 79.41 171.00


b2 20 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
535.50 3.839
b3 20 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 20 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
981.7
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 145.57 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 135.39 mm
Total compression = 77.96 kN
Total tension = 77.96 kN
Moment = 38.23 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 79.41 / 200000 = 0.00040


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 600.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 535.5 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 600.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 135.4 mm
Width of section, b = 300.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 300 * 464.61 * 464.61 / (3 * 200000 * 981.75 * 400.11) = 0.00027

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*300*600*464.61/(0.0004*981.75*464.61)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00070
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00046
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00019
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 94.60 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 64.50 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack =

= 3 * 94.6 * 0.00019 / (1 + 2 * 42.6 / 400.11) = 0.044 mm


< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


CB - 41
1014

Beam number = CB41A/B GRID MKD =


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 40 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 5.1 m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
7114 1124 +ve 53.83 257.90 0.88 0.00 3.30 386.10
2201 SEISMIC UNL 2201 SEISM2213 SEISM- 2205 SEISM 2201 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2A
-ve -42.59 -136.02 -3.19 -10.88 -0.90 -224.10
2212 SEISMIC UNL 2212 SEISM2208 SEISM2208 SEISM2216 SEISM 2212 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2A
train load Multification factor = 0.00 0.00
7114 1124 +ve 1.58 10.84 0.06 0.40 0.15 16.63
32 LOAD GENERATION 118 LOAD GE 131 LOAD GE 311 LOAD GE 306 LOAD GE 118 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #118, (1
-ve -3.86 -31.67 -0.15 -0.14 -0.06 -44.81
601 LOAD GENERATIO 497 LOAD GE 306 LOAD GE 115 LOAD GE 131 LOAD GE 499 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #499, (6
Total
7114 1124 +ve 53.83 257.90 0.88 0.00 3.30 386.10
-ve -42.59 -136.02 -3.19 -10.88 -0.90 -224.10
Span Moment
7051 2391 +ve 22.64 249.71 0.95 0.00 0.39 215.38
2201 SEISMIC UNLOA2201 SEISMI 2205 SEISMI - 2213 SEISMI 2201 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2A
-ve -15.95 -35.65 -0.20 -4.27 -1.54 -224.00
2212 SEISMIC UNLOA2212 SEISMI 2216 SEISMI 2208 SEISMI 2208 SEISMI 2212 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2A
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 0.00
7051 2391 +ve 0.78 6.05 0.03 0.07 0.03 7.98
32 LOAD GENERATION,32 LOAD GENE 295 LOAD GEN 157 LOAD GEN 615 LOAD GEN 32 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #32, (29 of 21
-ve -1.81 -11.18 -0.02 -0.14 -0.05 -12.22
601 LOAD GENERATION615 LOAD GEN 615 LOAD GEN 285 LOAD GEN 306 LOAD GEN 615 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #615, (182 o
Total
7051 2391 +ve 22.64 249.71 0.95 0.00 0.39 215.38
-ve -15.95 -35.65 -0.20 -4.27 -1.54 -224.00
Right Support
7051 2389 +ve 22.64 65.83 0.95 0.00 1.08 174.45
2204 SEISMIC UNL 2212 SEISM2208 SEISM- 2208 SEISM 2212 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2A
-ve -15.95 -198.13 -0.20 -4.27 -0.16 -174.945
2209 SEISMIC UNL 2201 SEISM2213 SEISM2205 SEISM2213 SEISM 2201 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2A
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 0.00
7051 2389 +ve 0.78 6.05 0.03 0.07 0.03 18.662
32 LOAD GENERATION 32 LOAD GEN 295 LOAD GE 157 LOAD GE 296 LOAD GE 606 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #606, (1
-ve -1.81 -11.18 -0.02 -0.14 -0.02 -8.65
601 LOAD GENERATIO 615 LOAD GE 615 LOAD GE 285 LOAD GE 615 LOAD GE 32 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #32, (29 o
Total
7051 2389 +ve 22.64 65.83 0.95 0.00 1.08 174.45
-ve -15.95 -198.13 -0.20 -4.27 -0.16 -174.95

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1015

Beam No.
at left face of at right face of Remarks
Unit Midspan
column column
Width of Beam b 250 250 250
Depth of Beam D 600 600 600
Effective Depth d 500 532 500
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 386.10 215.38 174.45
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 386.10 215.38 174.45
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 6.18 3.04 2.79
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Doubly Singly Singly
pt,Lim % 1.51 0.77 0.70
pt2 % 0.24 0.00 0.00
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 1.75 0.77 0.70
d' mm 68.00 68.00 68.00
d'/d mm 0.14 0.13 0.14
fsc N/mm2 400.22 403.29 400.22 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.26 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.304 0.304 0.304 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 2182.2 1030.5 879.5
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at first layer = 2 2 2
Nos. of bars at second layer = 2 2 2
Nos. of bars at third layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 3217 3217 3217
Ast, provided (%) 2.14 2.14 2.14
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 224.10 224.00 174.95
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 224.10 224.00 174.95
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 3.59 3.17 2.80
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.93 0.81 0.71
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.26 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.304 0.304 0.304
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 1166.5 1077.0 882.2
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 2 2 2
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 1608 1608 1608
Ast, provided (%) 1.07 1.07 1.07
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1016

CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]


LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y kNmMoment-Z kNm
7114 5000 1124 6.742 45.939 -1.334 -7.025 1.385 64.917
2391 -6.742 38.733 1.334 7.025 1.31 -57.639
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
7114 497 2391 1.717 31.666 0.123 -0.292 0.126 -19.188

TOTAL
7114 2391 1.717 64.94 0 0 0 53.4042

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
7051 5000 2391 4.111 115.885 0.434 -2.901 -0.663 70.427
2389 -4.111 62.746 -0.434 2.901 -0.531 2.64

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
7051 615 2389 1.689 11.179 0.018 -0.017 0.022 -18.519

TOTAL
7051 2389 1.689 122.59 0 0 0 59.3156
0 0 69.45 0 0 0 2.64

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 257.90 249.71 198.13
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 257.90 249.71 198.13
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 64.94 122.59
Mh kN-m 332.50 473.48
Ms kN-m 293.29 293.29
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 275.43 294.38
Shear stress N/mm2 2.203 1.877 2.355
% of tensile steel % 2.574 2.419 2.574
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 1.012 0.992 1.012 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 1.000 0.985 1.000 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)
Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 1.012 0.976 1.012
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 12
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 2 2 2
Asv provided mm2 226.2 226.2 226.2
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 983.95 983.95 983.95 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 247.37 302.49 225.84 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 150 150 150
Hence Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1017

Side face Reinforcement


Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 250 * 500/100 = 62.5 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 2.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 226.2 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 154.7 mm
3a cr ε m
Crack width check in serviceability Limit State 2 Support
1  for  /  h (ONLY
section
a cr  c nom d c  NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6086 1124 +ve 0 0 0 0 0 178.9
1101 NORMAL LC1 - - - - 1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 -108.57 0 -5.452 0 0
- 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA-
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6086 1124 +ve 0 1.819 0 0.164 0 8.955
515 LOAD GENERATIO 32 LOAD GEN 24 LOAD GEN 4 LOAD GENE 24 LOAD GEN 601 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #601, (1
-ve 0 -1.963 0 -0.617 0 -7.056
492 LOAD GENERATIO 601 LOAD GE 576 LOAD GE 574 LOAD GE 576 LOAD GE 32 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #32, (29 o
Total
6086 1124 +ve 0.00 2.00 0.00 0.16 0.00 188.75
-ve 0.00 -110.73 0.00 -6.07 0.00 -7.76
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 2 1608.5 532.00 152.48 114.00


b2 32 2 1608.5 468.00 120.87
500.00 15.754
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
3217.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 135.92 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 223.28 mm
Total compression = 439.70 kN
Total tension = 439.70 kN
Moment = 188.75 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 152.48 / 200000 = 0.00076


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 600.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 532.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 600.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 223.3 mm
Width of section, b = 250.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 250 * 376.72 * 376.72 / (3 * 200000 * 3216.99 * 308.72) = 0.00006
3a cr ε m
 a cr  cno
 2 clause
The effect of tension stiffening is taken1from  /  h  d cof
nom15.9.8.2.1  IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*250*600*376.72/(0.00076*3216.99*376.72)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00009
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00093
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00087
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 72.73 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1018

Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm


Design surface crack =

= 3 * 72.73 * 0.00087 / (1 + 2 * 20.73 / 276.72) = 0.165 mm


< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1019

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
7051 2391 +ve 4.12 104.48 0.41 0.00 0.00 71.82
1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL LC1 1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL
- - LC1

-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -2.67 -0.63 0.00


- - - 1101 NORMAL 1101 NORMAL-
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
7051 2391 +ve 0.783 6.046 0.031 0.073 0.028 7.977
32 LOAD GENERATION32 LOAD GEN 295 LOAD GE 157 LOAD GE 615 LOAD GE 32 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #32, (29 o
-ve -1.812 -11.179 -0.018 -0.14 -0.051 -12.222

601 LOAD GENERATIO


615 LOAD GE
615 LOAD GE
285 LOAD GE
306 LOAD GE
615 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #615, (1
Total
7051 2391 +ve 4.90 111.13 0.45 0.07 0.03 80.59
-ve -1.81 -12.30 -0.02 -2.81 -0.68 -13.44
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 2 1608.5 532.00 17.69 114.00


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
532.00 1.276
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
1608.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
3a cr ε m=scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d
Balanced neutral axis depth n = 144.62 mm
Actual neutral axis depth 1  2n assume
a cr  c nom  /  h  d c  = 178.45 mm
Total compression = 28.45 kN
Total tension = 28.45 kN
Moment = 13.44 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 17.69 / 200000 = 0.00009


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 600.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 532.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 600.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 178.5 mm
Width of section, b = 250.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 250 * 421.55 * 421.55 / (3 * 200000 * 1608.5 * 353.55) = 0.00013

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*250*600*421.55/(0.00009*1608.5*421.55)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00160
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00011
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00000
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 72.73 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack =

= 3 * 72.73 * 0 / (1 + 2 * 20.73 / 353.55) = 0.000 mm


< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1020

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
7051 2389 +ve 4.115 0 0.414 0 0.505 0
1101 NORMAL LC1 - 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMA-
-ve 0 -48.927 0 -2.674 0 -4.568
- 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMAL LC1
TRAIN Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
7051 2389 +ve 0.783 6.046 0.031 0.073 0.034 18.662
32 LOAD GENERATION 32 LOAD GEN 295 LOAD GE 157 LOAD GE 296 LOAD GE 606 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #606, (1
-ve -1.812 -11.179 -0.018 -0.14 -0.022 -8.65
601 LOAD GENERATIO 615 LOAD GE 615 LOAD GE 285 LOAD GE 615 LOAD GE 32 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #32, (29 o
Total
7051 2389 +ve 4.90 6.65 0.45 0.07 0.54 20.53
-ve -1.81 -61.22 -0.02 -2.81 -0.02 -14.08
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 2 1608.5 532.00 16.58 114.00


b2 32 2 1608.5 468.00 13.15
500.00 1.713
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
3217.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 135.92 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 223.28 mm
Total compression = 47.82 kN
Total tension = 47.82 kN
Moment = 20.53 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 16.58 / 200000 = 0.00008


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 600.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 532.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 600.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 223.3 mm
Width of section, b = 250.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 250 * 376.72 * 376.72 / (3 * 200000 * 3216.99 * 308.72) = 0.00006

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*250*600*376.72/(0.00008*3216.99*376.72)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00085
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00010
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00004
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 72.73 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack =

= 3 * 72.73 * 0.00004 / (1 + 2 * 20.73 / 276.72) = 0.008 mm


< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1021

Deflection check in serviceability Limit State

Ref. staad file for deflection check at mid span of beam.

Deflection due to all loads except train load


Node L/C X-Trans Y-Trans mm Z-Trans mm Absolute mmX-Rotan rad Y-Rotan rad Z-Rotan rad
2413 1101 0.246 -2.071 -0.083 2.088 -0.001 0 0.001

Deflection due to train load


2413 601 0.581 0.1 0.363 0.692 0 0 0

ALL LOADS EXCLUDING TRAIN LOAD


LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 1101
ABSOLUTE DISPLACEMENT = 2.071 mm
TRAIN LOAD
LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 601
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT DUE TO MOVING LOAD = 0.100 mm
TOTAL DEFLECTION = 2.171 mm

ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION = MIN. OF (L/350 OR 20 mm) = 14.57 mm WHICH IS >2.171 mm


HENCE THE BEAM IS SAFE IN DEFLECTION.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


CB - 68
855

Beam number = CB68A GRID MKD = 2-4


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 40 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 10.95 m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
7098 1001 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00
1492.98 0.00 3030.05
- - - 2204 SEISM2303 WIND 2208 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2B
-ve 0.00 -1307.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1028.57
- 2205 SEISM2302 WIND - - 2213 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2B
train load Multification factor = 0.00 0.00
7098 1001 +ve 0.00 28.94 0.00 28.53 0.00 0.00
- 3 BRAKING 484 LOAD GE 170 LOAD GE 604 LOAD GE -
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -48.96 0.00 -138.38
- - 528 LOAD GE443 LOAD GE 537 LOAD GE 589 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #589, (1
Total
7098 1001 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 1492.98 0.00 3030.05
-ve 0.00 -1307.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1028.57
Span Moment
6566 1002 +ve 0.00 185.89 0.00 659.49 0.00 0.00
- 2213 SEISMI - 2201 SEISMI 2301 WIND U -
-ve 0.00 -592.93 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1922.66
- 2208 SEISMI 2303 WIND - - 2101 NORMAL LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 1.75
6566 1002 +ve 0.00 24.73 0.00 10.79 0.00 17.34
- 580 LOAD GEN528 LOAD GEN168 LOAD GEN 638 LOAD GEN480 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #480, (47 of
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -17.11 0.00 -27.54
- - 645 LOAD GEN525 LOAD GEN 626 LOAD GEN601 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #601, (168 o
Total
6566 1002 +ve 0.00 185.89 0.00 659.49 0.00 30.35
-ve 0.00 -592.93 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1970.85
Right Support
6319 1005 +ve 0.00 1210.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 4196.57
- 2205 SEISM- - 2306 WIND 2205 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2B
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -911.34 0.00 -570.682
- - 2302 WIND 2204 SEISM2301 WIND 2216 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2B
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 0.00
6319 1005 +ve 0.00 22.74 0.00 24.98 0.00 128.124
- 580 LOAD GE 472 LOAD GE647 LOAD GE 585 LOAD GE 580 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #580, (1
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -22.90 0.00 0
- - 450 LOAD GE96 LOAD GEN 604 LOAD GE -
Total
6319 1005 +ve 0.00 1210.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 4196.57
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -911.34 0.00 -570.68

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


856

Beam No.
CB 68A MID Remarks
Unit
CB 68A LEFT SPAN CB 68A RIGHT
Width of Beam b 900 900 900
Depth of Beam D 1500 1500 1500
Effective Depth d 1400 1432 1400
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 3030.05 30.35 4196.57
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 3030.05 30.35 4196.57
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 1.72 0.02 2.38
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pt,Lim % 0.42 0.00 0.59
pt2 % 0.00 0.00 0.00
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 0.42 0.00 0.59
d' mm 68.00 68.00 68.00
d'/d mm 0.05 0.05 0.05
fsc N/mm2 424.08 424.25 424.08 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.304 0.304 0.304 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 5249.1 3912.5 7440.6
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at first layer = 7 7 7
Nos. of bars at second layer = 3 0 5
Nos. of bars at third layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 8042 5630 9651
Ast, provided (%) 0.60 0.42 0.71
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 1028.57 1970.85 570.68
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 1028.57 1970.85 570.68
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.58 1.07 0.32
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.14 0.25 0.08
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.304 0.304 0.304
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 3825.1 3912.5 3825.1
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 7 7 7
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 5630 5630 5630
Ast, provided (%) 0.42 0.42 0.42
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


857

CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]


LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y kNmMoment-Z kNm
6319 5000 1005 0 762.54 0 -568.503 0 2008.435
1004 0 -571.924 0 568.503 0 463.659
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
7098 648 2417 0 28.925 0 -47.056 0 -70.377

TOTAL
7098 2417 0 779.90 0 0 0 1966.2088

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
7098 5000 2417 0 -670.197 0 891.599 0 -552.325
1001 0 875.144 0 -891.599 0 -1116.643

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6319 580 1005 0 22.738 0 21.22 0 128.121

TOTAL
6319 1005 0 -656.55 0 0 0 -475.4524
0 0 888.79 0 0 0 -1116.643

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 1307.70 592.93 1210.04
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 1307.70 592.93 1210.04
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 779.90 888.79
Mh kN-m 4505.13 5311.90
Ms kN-m 3236.07 3236.07
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 1872.79 1878.53
Shear stress N/mm2 1.486 0.460 1.491
% of tensile steel % 0.638 0.437 0.766
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 0.636 0.560 0.676 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.773 0.769 0.773 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)
Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.492 0.431 0.522
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 12
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 4 4 4
Asv provided mm2 452.4 452.4 452.4
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 546.64 546.64 546.64 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 156.78 509.44 159.79 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 125 150 125
Hence Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


858

Side face Reinforcement


Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 900 * 1400/100 = 630.0 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 8.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 904.8 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 151.6 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
7098 1001 +ve 0 0 0 823.34 0 1046.671
- - - 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 -822.813 0 0 0 0
- 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - - -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
7098 1001 +ve 0 28.936 0 28.526 0 0
- 3 BRAKING 484 LOAD GE 170 LOAD GE 604 LOAD GE -
-ve 0 0 0 -48.96 0 -138.378
- - 528 LOAD GE 443 LOAD GE 537 LOAD GE 589 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #589, (1
Total
7098 1001 +ve 0.00 31.83 0.00 851.87 0.00 1046.67
-ve 0.00 -822.81 0.00 -48.96 0.00 -152.22
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 7 5629.7 1432.00 102.51 127.33


b2 32 3 2412.7 1368.00 96.37
1400.00 4.963
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
8042.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 380.58 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 362.49 mm
Total compression = 809.62 kN
Total tension = 809.62 kN
Moment = 1046.67 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 102.51 / 200000 = 0.00051


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 362.5 mm
Width of section, b = 900.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 900 * 1137.51 * 1137.51 / (3 * 200000 * 8042.48 * 1069.51) = 0.00023

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*900*1500*1137.51/(0.00051*8042.48*1137.51)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00050
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00055
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00032
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 77.15 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


859

Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm


Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 77.15 * 0.00032 / (1 + 2 * 25.15 / 1037.51) = 0.071 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


860

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6566 1002 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 417.52 0.00 0.00
- - - 1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL-

-ve 0.00 -195.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1282.13


1101 NORMAL
- 1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL
- - LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6566 1002 +ve 0 24.726 0 10.792 0 17.34
- 580 LOAD GE528 LOAD GE168 LOAD GE 638 LOAD GE480 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #480, (4
-ve 0 0 0 -17.106 0 -27.542

- - 645 LOAD GE
525 LOAD GE
626 LOAD GE
601 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #601, (1
Total
6566 1002 +ve 0.00 27.20 0.00 428.31 0.00 19.07
-ve 0.00 -195.42 0.00 -17.11 0.00 -1312.43
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 7 5629.7 1432.00 175.59 127.33


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
1432.00 7.017
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
5629.7
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 389.28 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 313.04 mm
Total compression = 988.53 kN
Total tension = 988.53 kN
Moment = 1312.43 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 175.59 / 200000 = 0.00088


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 313.0 mm
Width of section, b = 900.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 900 * 1186.96 * 1186.96 / (3 * 200000 * 5629.73 * 1118.96) = 0.00034

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*900*1500*1186.96/(0.00088*5629.73*1186.96)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00042
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00093
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00060
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 77.15 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 77.15 * 0.0006 / (1 + 2 * 25.15 / 1118.96) = 0.132 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


861

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6319 1005 +ve 0 702.119 0 0 0 1852.64
- 1101 NORMA - - - 1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 0 0 -522.174 0 0
- - 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA-
TRAIN Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6319 1005 +ve 0 22.738 0 24.982 0 128.124
- 580 LOAD GE 472 LOAD GE 647 LOAD GE 585 LOAD GE 580 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #580, (1
-ve 0 0 0 -22.903 0 0
- - 450 LOAD GE 96 LOAD GEN 604 LOAD GE -
Total
6319 1005 +ve 0.00 727.13 0.00 24.98 0.00 1993.58
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -545.08 0.00 0.00
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 7 5629.7 1432.00 166.11 127.33


b2 32 5 4021.2 1368.00 155.91
1400.00 8.893
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
9651.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 380.58 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 390.35 mm
Total compression = 1562.12 kN
Total tension = 1562.12 kN
Moment = 1993.58 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 166.11 / 200000 = 0.00083


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 390.4 mm
Width of section, b = 900.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 900 * 1109.65 * 1109.65 / (3 * 200000 * 9650.97 * 1041.65) = 0.00018

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*900*1500*1109.65/(0.00083*9650.97*1109.65)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00026
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00088
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00070
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 77.15 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 77.15 * 0.0007 / (1 + 2 * 25.15 / 1009.65) = 0.155 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


862

Deflection check in serviceability Limit State

Ref. staad file for deflection check at mid span of beam.

Deflection due to all loads except train load


Node L/C X-Trans Y-Trans mm Z-Trans mm Absolute mmX-Rotan rad Y-Rotan rad Z-Rotan rad
1002 1101 0.156 -2.039 0.044 2.046 0 0 -0.001

Deflection due to train load


1002 346 0.295 -0.058 0.225 0.376 0 0 0

ALL LOADS EXCLUDING TRAIN LOAD


LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 1101
ABSOLUTE DISPLACEMENT = 2.039 mm
TRAIN LOAD
LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 346
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT DUE TO MOVING LOAD = 0.058 mm
TOTAL DEFLECTION = 2.097 mm

ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION = MIN. OF (L/350 OR 20 mm) = 20 mm WHICH IS >2.097 mm


HENCE THE BEAM IS SAFE IN DEFLECTION.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


863

Beam number = CB68B GRID MKD = 4-6


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 40 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 10.95 m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
6271 1005 +ve 0.00 1406.37 0.00 1178.71 0.00 4509.46
- 2205 SEISM2305 WIND 2201 SEISM- 2205 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2B
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -340.57
- - 2302 WIND - 2101 NORMA2216 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2B
train load Multification factor = 0.00 0.00
6271 1005 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 23.12 0.00 0.00
- - 481 LOAD GE97 LOAD GEN 437 LOAD GE -
-ve 0.00 -33.84 0.00 -26.25 0.00 -185.91
- 561 LOAD GE 512 LOAD GE434 LOAD GE 524 LOAD GE 521 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #521, (8
Total
6271 1005 +ve 0.00 1406.37 0.00 1178.71 0.00 4509.46
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -340.57
Span Moment
6567 1007 +ve 0.00 25.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
- 2213 SEISMI - - 2301 WIND U -
-ve 0.00 -862.24 0.00 -792.12 0.00 -2429.25
- 2208 SEISMI 2304 WIND 2204 SEISMI - 2101 NORMAL LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 1.75
6567 1007 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 18.87 0.00 48.09
- - 585 LOAD GEN557 LOAD GEN 620 LOAD GEN601 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #601, (168 o
-ve 0.00 -31.64 0.00 -7.74 0.00 -9.31
- 561 LOAD GEN 620 LOAD GEN150 LOAD GEN 621 LOAD GEN91 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #91, (88 of 21
Total
6567 1007 +ve 0.00 25.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 84.16
-ve 0.00 -862.24 0.00 -792.12 0.00 -2445.54
Right Support
7101 1009 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3814.70
- - 2301 WIND - 2301 WIND 2208 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2B
-ve 0.00 -1600.87 0.00 -1627.30 0.00 -579.021
- 2205 SEISM2352 WIND 2201 SEISM- 2213 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2B
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 0.00
7101 1009 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 44.18 0.00 184.515
- - 435 LOAD GE638 LOAD GE 580 LOAD GE 601 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #601, (1
-ve 0.00 -29.07 0.00 -25.06 0.00 0
- 561 LOAD GE 566 LOAD GE140 LOAD GE 535 LOAD GE -
Total
7101 1009 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3814.70
-ve 0.00 -1600.87 0.00 -1627.30 0.00 -579.02

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


864

Beam No.
Remarks
Unit CB 68B MID CB 68B
CB 68B LEFT SPAN RIGHT/ CB68C
Width of Beam b 900 900 900
Depth of Beam D 1500 1500 1500
Effective Depth d 1400 1432 1400
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 4509.46 84.16 3814.70
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 4509.46 84.16 3814.70
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 2.56 0.05 2.16
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pt,Lim % 0.64 0.01 0.53
pt2 % 0.00 0.00 0.00
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 0.64 0.01 0.53
d' mm 68.00 68.00 68.00
d'/d mm 0.05 0.05 0.05
fsc N/mm2 424.08 424.25 424.08 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.304 0.304 0.304 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 8047.7 3912.5 6711.1
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at first layer = 7 7 7
Nos. of bars at second layer = 5 0 3
Nos. of bars at third layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 9651 5630 8042
Ast, provided (%) 0.71 0.42 0.60
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 340.57 2445.54 579.02
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 340.57 2445.54 579.02
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.19 1.33 0.33
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.04 0.32 0.08
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.304 0.304 0.304
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 4023.8 4088.3 3825.1
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 7 7 7
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 5630 5630 5630
Ast, provided (%) 0.42 0.42 0.42
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


865

CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]


LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNm
Moment-Y kNmMoment-Z kNm
6271 5000 1005 0 930.081 0 793.174 0 2293.741
1006 0 -739.465 0 -793.174 0 799.092
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6271 561 1006 0 33.848 0 11.742 0 44.103

TOTAL
6271 1006 0 950.39 0 0 0 2320.2028

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
7101 5000 2419 0 -902.126 0 -1016.118 0 -416.015
1009 0 1107.073 0 1016.118 0 -1753.919

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
7101 561 1009 0 29.053 0 -42.359 0 -182.072

TOTAL
7101 1009 0 -884.69 0 0 0 -525.2582
0 0 1124.50 0 0 0 -1753.919

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 1406.37 862.24 1600.87
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 1406.37 862.24 1600.87
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 950.39 1124.50
Mh kN-m 5311.90 4505.13
Ms kN-m 3236.07 3236.07
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 1940.13 2217.40
Shear stress N/mm2 1.540 0.669 1.760
% of tensile steel % 0.766 0.437 0.638
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 0.676 0.560 0.636 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.773 0.769 0.773 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)
Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.522 0.431 0.492
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 12
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 4 4 4
Asv provided mm2 452.4 452.4 452.4
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 546.64 546.64 546.64 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 154.28 342.63 131.08 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 125 150 125
Hence Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


866

Side face Reinforcement


Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 900 * 1400/100 = 630.0 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 8.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 904.8 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 151.6 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6271 1005 +ve 0 843.81 0 713.501 0 2099.66
- 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 0 0 0 0 0
- - 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMA-
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6271 1005 +ve 0 0 0 23.119 0 0
- - 481 LOAD GE 97 LOAD GEN 437 LOAD GE -
-ve 0 -33.835 0 -26.253 0 -185.913
- 561 LOAD GE 512 LOAD GE 434 LOAD GE 524 LOAD GE 521 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #521, (8
Total
6271 1005 +ve 0.00 843.81 0.00 736.62 0.00 2099.66
-ve 0.00 -37.22 0.00 -26.25 0.00 -204.50
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 7 5629.7 1432.00 174.95 127.33


b2 32 5 4021.2 1368.00 164.20
1400.00 9.366
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
9651.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 380.58 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 390.35 mm
Total compression = 1645.25 kN
Total tension = 1645.25 kN
Moment = 2099.66 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 174.95 / 200000 = 0.00087


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 390.4 mm
Width of section, b = 900.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 900 * 1109.65 * 1109.65 / (3 * 200000 * 9650.97 * 1041.65) = 0.00018

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*900*1500*1109.65/(0.00087*9650.97*1109.65)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00024
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00093
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00075
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 77.15 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


867

Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm


Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 77.15 * 0.00075 / (1 + 2 * 25.15 / 1009.65) = 0.165 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


868

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6567 1007 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
- - - - 1101 NORMAL-

-ve 0.00 -382.01 0.00 -507.07 0.00 -1619.87


1101 NORMAL
- 1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL
- LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6567 1007 +ve 0 0 0 18.869 0 48.091
- - 585 LOAD GE557 LOAD GE 620 LOAD GE601 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #601, (1
-ve 0 -31.639 0 -7.737 0 -9.312

- 561 LOAD GE
620 LOAD GE
150 LOAD GE
621 LOAD GE
91 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #91, (88 o
Total
6567 1007 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 18.87 0.00 52.90
-ve 0.00 -416.81 0.00 -514.81 0.00 -1630.12
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 7 5629.7 1432.00 218.09 127.33


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
1432.00 8.716
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
5629.7
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 389.28 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 313.04 mm
Total compression = 1227.82 kN
Total tension = 1227.82 kN
Moment = 1630.12 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 218.09 / 200000 = 0.00109


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 313.0 mm
Width of section, b = 900.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 900 * 1186.96 * 1186.96 / (3 * 200000 * 5629.73 * 1118.96) = 0.00034

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*900*1500*1186.96/(0.00109*5629.73*1186.96)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00033
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00116
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00082
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 77.15 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 77.15 * 0.00082 / (1 + 2 * 25.15 / 1118.96) = 0.182 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


869

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
7101 1009 +ve 0 0 0 0 0 1595.477
- - - - 1101 NORMA1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 -1020.058 0 -922.253 0 0
- 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - -
TRAIN Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
7101 1009 +ve 0 0 0 44.184 0 184.515
- - 435 LOAD GE 638 LOAD GE 580 LOAD GE 601 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #601, (1
-ve 0 -29.071 0 -25.059 0 0
- 561 LOAD GE 566 LOAD GE 140 LOAD GE 535 LOAD GE -
Total
7101 1009 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 44.18 0.00 1798.44
-ve 0.00 -1052.04 0.00 -947.31 0.00 0.00
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 7 5629.7 1432.00 176.14 127.33


b2 32 3 2412.7 1368.00 165.60
1400.00 8.528
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
8042.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 380.58 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 362.49 mm
Total compression = 1391.13 kN
Total tension = 1391.13 kN
Moment = 1798.44 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 176.14 / 200000 = 0.00088


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 362.5 mm
Width of section, b = 900.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 900 * 1137.51 * 1137.51 / (3 * 200000 * 8042.48 * 1069.51) = 0.00023

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*900*1500*1137.51/(0.00088*8042.48*1137.51)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00029
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00094
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00071
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 77.15 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 77.15 * 0.00071 / (1 + 2 * 25.15 / 1037.51) = 0.157 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


870

Deflection check in serviceability Limit State

Ref. staad file for deflection check at mid span of beam.

Deflection due to all loads except train load


Node L/C X-Trans Y-Trans mm Z-Trans mm Absolute mmX-Rotan rad Y-Rotan rad Z-Rotan rad
1007 1101 0.212 -2.45 0.044 2.46 0 0 -0.002

Deflection due to train load


1007 50 -0.301 -0.07 0.207 0.372 0 0 0

ALL LOADS EXCLUDING TRAIN LOAD


LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 1101
ABSOLUTE DISPLACEMENT = 2.45 mm
TRAIN LOAD
LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 50
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT DUE TO MOVING LOAD = 0.070 mm
TOTAL DEFLECTION = 2.52 mm

ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION = MIN. OF (L/350 OR 20 mm) = 20 mm WHICH IS >2.52 mm


HENCE THE BEAM IS SAFE IN DEFLECTION.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


CB - 69
1029

Beam number = CB69A GRID MKD =


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 40 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 6.32 m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
6750 2182 +ve 0.00 95.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
- 2208 SEISM2301 WIND - 2301 WIND -
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -42.79 0.00 -443.92
- - 2306 WIND 2201 SEISM- 2101 NORMAL LC1
train load Multification factor = 0.00 1.75
6750 2182 +ve 0.00 2.15 0.00 0.53 0.00 3.61
- 22 LOAD GEN 562 LOAD GE71 LOAD GEN 474 LOAD GE 480 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #480, (4
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.31 0.00 -3.04
- - 640 LOAD GE439 LOAD GE 611 LOAD GE 204 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #204, (2
Total
6750 2182 +ve 0.00 95.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.32
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -42.79 0.00 -449.23
Span Moment
6750 2181 +ve 0.00 177.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
- 2205 SEISMI 2301 WIND - - -
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -42.79 0.00 -443.92
- - 2306 WIND 2204 SEISMI 2302 WIND U 2101 NORMAL LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 1.75
6750 2181 +ve 0.00 2.15 0.00 0.53 0.00 5.64
- 22 LOAD GENE562 LOAD GEN71 LOAD GENE 611 LOAD GEN480 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #480, (47 of
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.31 0.00 -0.14
- - 640 LOAD GEN439 LOAD GEN 533 LOAD GEN346 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #346, (128 o
Total
6750 2181 +ve 0.00 177.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.86
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -42.79 0.00 -444.16
Right Support
6748 2178 +ve 0.00 532.97 0.00 0.00 0.00 1394.04
- 2101 NORMA 2301 WIND - - 2101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -27.16 0.00 0
- - 2306 WIND 2204 SEISM2302 WIND -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.75 1.75
6748 2178 +ve 0.00 3.07 0.00 0.45 0.00 13.431
- 100 LOAD GE 516 LOAD GE71 LOAD GEN 612 LOAD GE 99 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #99, (96 o
-ve 0.00 -1.41 0.00 -0.86 0.00 -1.175
- 434 LOAD GE 464 LOAD GE439 LOAD GE 578 LOAD GE 359 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #359, (1
Total
6748 2178 +ve 0.00 538.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 1417.54
-ve 0.00 -2.47 0.00 -27.16 0.00 -2.06

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1030

Beam No.
CB 69A Remarks
Unit
CB 69A LEFT MIDSPAN CB 69A RIGHT
Width of Beam b 450 450 450
Depth of Beam D 1000 1000 1000
Effective Depth d 932 932 868
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 6.32 9.86 1417.54
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 6.32 9.86 1417.54
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.02 0.03 4.18
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pt,Lim % 0.00 0.01 1.12
pt2 % 0.00 0.00 0.00
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 0.00 0.01 1.12
d' mm 68.00 68.00 68.00
d'/d mm 0.07 0.07 0.08
fsc N/mm2 419.42 419.42 418.19 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.304 0.304 0.304 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 1273.2 1273.2 4364.0
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at first layer = 4 4 4
Nos. of bars at second layer = 0 0 4
Nos. of bars at third layer = 0 0 2
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 3217 3217 8042
Ast, provided (%) 0.71 0.71 1.79
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 449.23 444.16 2.06
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 449.23 444.16 2.06
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 1.15 1.14 0.01
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.27 0.27 0.00
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.304 0.304 0.304
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 1273.2 1273.2 2182.0
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 25
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 4 4 4
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 0 0 2
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 3217 3217 4199
Ast, provided (%) 0.71 0.71 0.93
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1031

CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]


LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y kNmMoment-Z kNm
6750 5000 2181 0 116.535 0 -28.693 0 -122.278
2182 0 -40.152 0 28.693 0 328.321
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6750 22 2181 0 2.146 0 0.242 0 2.9

TOTAL
6750 2181 0 117.82 0 0 0 -120.538

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
6748 5000 2178 0 382.537 0 -18.616 0 1020.322
2181 0 -251.393 0 18.616 0 154.034

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6748 100 2178 0 3.066 0 0.303 0 13.419

TOTAL
6748 2178 0 384.38 0 0 0 1028.3734
0 0 -249.55 0 0 0 154.034

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 95.24 177.75 538.33
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 95.24 177.75 538.33
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 117.82 384.38
Mh kN-m 1178.56 2251.20
Ms kN-m 1178.56 1371.27
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 877.58 949.21
Shear stress N/mm2 2.092 0.424 2.430
% of tensile steel % 0.767 0.767 2.059
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 0.676 0.676 0.940 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.856 0.856 0.871 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)
Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.579 0.579 0.819
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 12
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 2 2 2
Asv provided mm2 226.2 226.2 226.2
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 546.64 546.64 546.64 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 114.26 892.15 108.71 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 100 100 100
Hence Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1032

Side face Reinforcement


Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 450 * 932/100 = 209.7 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 4.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 452.4 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 172.8 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6750 2182 +ve 0 25.594 0 0 0 0
- 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMA-
-ve 0 0 0 -23.362 0 -294.016
- - - 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMAL LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6750 2182 +ve 0 2.146 0 0.529 0 3.61
- 22 LOAD GEN 562 LOAD GE 71 LOAD GEN 474 LOAD GE 480 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #480, (4
-ve 0 0 0 -0.307 0 -3.037
- - 640 LOAD GE 439 LOAD GE 611 LOAD GE 204 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #204, (2
Total
6750 2182 +ve 0.00 27.95 0.00 0.53 0.00 3.97
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -23.67 0.00 -297.36
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 932.00 1.46 104.67


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
932.00 0.080
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
3217.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 253.36 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 259.44 mm
Total compression = 4.70 kN
Total tension = 4.70 kN
Moment = 3.97 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 1.46 / 200000 = 0.00001


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1000.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 932.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1000.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 259.4 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 740.56 * 740.56 / (3 * 200000 * 3216.99 * 672.56) = 0.00019

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1000*740.56/(0.00001*3216.99*740.56)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.02913
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00001
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00000
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1033

Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm


Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 672.56) = 0.000 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1034

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6750 2181 +ve 0.00 97.89 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
- 1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL
- - -

-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -23.36 0.00 -131.63


1101 NORMAL
- - - 1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMALLC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6750 2181 +ve 0 2.146 0 0.529 0 5.636
- 22 LOAD GEN562 LOAD GE71 LOAD GEN 611 LOAD GE480 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #480, (4
-ve 0 0 0 -0.307 0 -0.138

- - 640 LOAD GE
439 LOAD GE
533 LOAD GE
346 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #346, (1
Total
6750 2181 +ve 0.00 100.25 0.00 0.53 0.00 6.20
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -23.67 0.00 -131.78
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 932.00 48.45 104.67


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
932.00 2.670
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
3217.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 253.36 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 259.45 mm
Total compression = 155.86 kN
Total tension = 155.86 kN
Moment = 131.78 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 48.45 / 200000 = 0.00024


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1000.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 932.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1000.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 259.4 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 740.55 * 740.55 / (3 * 200000 * 3216.99 * 672.55) = 0.00019

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1000*740.55/(0.00024*3216.99*740.55)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00088
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00027
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00008
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00008 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 672.55) = 0.015 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1035

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6748 2181 +ve 0 231.387 0 0 0 0
- 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - - -
-ve 0 0 0 -16.263 0 -159.871
- - - 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA1101 NORMAL LC1
TRAIN Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6748 2178 +ve 0 3.066 0 0.446 0 13.431
- 100 LOAD GE 516 LOAD GE 71 LOAD GEN 612 LOAD GE 99 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #99, (96 o
-ve 0 -1.411 0 -0.864 0 -1.175
- 434 LOAD GE 464 LOAD GE 439 LOAD GE 578 LOAD GE 359 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #359, (1
Total
6748 2178 +ve 0.00 234.76 0.00 0.45 0.00 14.77
-ve 0.00 -1.55 0.00 -17.13 0.00 -161.16
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 932.00 2.64 104.67


b2 32 4 3217.0 868.00 2.34
868.00 0.238
b3 32 2 1608.5 804.00 2.05
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
8042.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 235.96 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 360.73 mm
Total compression = 19.31 kN
Total tension = 19.31 kN
Moment = 14.77 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 2.64 / 200000 = 0.00001


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1000.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 932.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1000.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 360.7 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 639.27 * 639.27 / (3 * 200000 * 8042.48 * 571.27) = 0.00007

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1000*639.27/(0.00001*8042.48*639.27)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00645
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00001
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00000
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 507.27) = 0.000 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1036

Deflection check in serviceability Limit State

Ref. staad file for deflection check at mid span of beam.

Deflection due to all loads except train load


Node L/C X-Trans Y-Trans mm Z-Trans mm Absolute mmX-Rotan rad Y-Rotan rad Z-Rotan rad
2181 1101 0.168 -7.613 0.021 7.615 -0.001 0 -0.001

Deflection due to train load


2181 574 0.586 -0.116 0.354 0.695 0 0 0

ALL LOADS EXCLUDING TRAIN LOAD


LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 1101
ABSOLUTE DISPLACEMENT = 7.613 mm
TRAIN LOAD
LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 574
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT DUE TO MOVING LOAD = 0.116 mm
TOTAL DEFLECTION = 7.729 mm

ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION = MIN. OF (L/350 OR 20 mm) = 18.06 mm WHICH IS >7.729 mm


HENCE THE BEAM IS SAFE IN DEFLECTION.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1037

Beam number = CB69B GRID MKD =


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 40 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 6.32 m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
6744 2178 +ve 0.00 673.08 0.00 40.17 0.00 1658.35
- 2101 NORMA 2301 WIND 2201 SEISM- 2101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
- - - - 2101 NORMA-
train load Multification factor = 1.75 1.75
6744 2178 +ve 0.00 1.38 0.00 0.48 0.00 0.00
- 99 LOAD GEN 462 LOAD GE642 LOAD GE 582 LOAD GE -
-ve 0.00 -4.85 0.00 -0.48 0.00 -22.42
- 647 LOAD GE 552 LOAD GE126 LOAD GE 583 LOAD GE 507 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #507, (7
Total
6744 2178 +ve 0.00 675.50 0.00 41.02 0.00 1658.35
-ve 0.00 -8.49 0.00 -0.84 0.00 -39.24
Span Moment
6744 2179 +ve 0.00 483.41 0.00 40.17 0.00 0.00
- 2101 NORMAL 2301 WIND 2204 SEISMI - -
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -484.06
- - - - 2302 WIND U 2101 NORMAL LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.75 1.75
6744 2179 +ve 0.00 1.38 0.00 0.48 0.00 0.00
- 99 LOAD GENE 462 LOAD GEN642 LOAD GEN 583 LOAD GEN-
-ve 0.00 -4.85 0.00 -0.48 0.00 -6.98
- 647 LOAD GEN 552 LOAD GEN126 LOAD GEN 553 LOAD GEN91 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #91, (88 of 21
Total
6744 2179 +ve 0.00 485.83 0.00 41.02 0.00 0.00
-ve 0.00 -8.49 0.00 -0.84 0.00 -496.28
Right Support
6746 2180 +ve 0.00 38.86 0.00 43.85 0.00 0.00
- 2208 SEISM2302 WIND 2208 SEISM2302 WIND -
-ve 0.00 -26.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 -539.35
- 2255 SEISM2305 WIND - 2305 WIND 2101 NORMAL LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 1.75
6746 2180 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.74 0.00 6.989
- - 503 LOAD GE642 LOAD GE 569 LOAD GE 601 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #601, (1
-ve 0.00 -3.81 0.00 -0.29 0.00 -3.862
- 507 LOAD GE 457 LOAD GE71 LOAD GEN 438 LOAD GE 95 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #95, (92 o
Total
6746 2180 +ve 0.00 38.86 0.00 45.14 0.00 12.23
-ve 0.00 -26.33 0.00 -0.51 0.00 -546.11

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1038

Beam No.
CB 69B Remarks
Unit
CB 69B LEFT MIDSPAN CB 69B RIGHT
Width of Beam b 450 450 450
Depth of Beam D 1000 1000 1000
Effective Depth d 868 932 932
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 1658.35 0.00 12.23
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 1658.35 0.00 12.23
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 4.89 0.00 0.03
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pt,Lim % 1.35 0.00 0.01
pt2 % 0.00 0.00 0.00
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 1.35 0.00 0.01
d' mm 68.00 68.00 68.00
d'/d mm 0.08 0.07 0.07
fsc N/mm2 418.19 419.42 419.42 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.304 0.304 0.304 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 5286.8 1321.7 1273.2
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at first layer = 4 4 4
Nos. of bars at second layer = 4 0 0
Nos. of bars at third layer = 2 0 0
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 8042 3217 3217
Ast, provided (%) 1.79 0.71 0.71
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 39.24 496.28 546.11
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 39.24 496.28 546.11
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.12 1.27 1.40
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.03 0.30 0.34
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.304 0.304 0.304
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 2643.4 1321.7 1406.0
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 25 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 4 4 4
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 2 0 0
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 4199 3217 3217
Ast, provided (%) 0.93 0.71 0.71
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1039

CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]


LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y kNmMoment-Z kNm
6744 5000 2178 0 496.684 0 30.454 0 1233.722
2179 0 -365.539 0 -30.454 0 363.547
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6744 647 2179 0 4.853 0 -0.414 0 1.958

TOTAL
6744 2179 0 499.60 0 0 0 1234.8968

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
6746 5000 2179 0 77.105 0 29.676 0 -313.544
2180 0 7.58 0 -29.676 0 404.97

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6746 507 2180 0 3.813 0 -0.253 0 -4.268

TOTAL
6746 2180 0 79.39 0 0 0 -316.1048
0 0 9.87 0 0 0 404.97

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 675.50 485.83 38.86
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 675.50 485.83 38.86
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 499.60 79.39
Mh kN-m 2251.20 1178.56
Ms kN-m 1371.27 1178.56
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 1064.43 839.15
Shear stress N/mm2 2.725 1.158 2.001
% of tensile steel % 2.059 0.767 0.767
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 0.940 0.676 0.676 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.871 0.856 0.856 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)
Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.819 0.579 0.579
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 12
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 2 2 2
Asv provided mm2 226.2 226.2 226.2
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 546.64 546.64 546.64 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 94.80 223.19 120.00 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 100 100 100
Hence Hence Not O.K.Hence O.K. Hence O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1040

Side face Reinforcement


Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 450 * 868/100 = 195.3 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 5.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 565.5 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 144.0 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6744 2178 +ve 0 455.209 0 26.477 0 1115.711
- 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 0 0 0 0 0
- - 1101 NORMA - - -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6744 2178 +ve 0 1.383 0 0.484 0 0
- 99 LOAD GEN 462 LOAD GE 642 LOAD GE 582 LOAD GE -
-ve 0 -4.853 0 -0.481 0 -22.423
- 647 LOAD GE 552 LOAD GE 126 LOAD GE 583 LOAD GE 507 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #507, (7
Total
6744 2178 +ve 0.00 456.73 0.00 26.96 0.00 1115.71
-ve 0.00 -5.34 0.00 -0.48 0.00 -24.67
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 932.00 199.20 104.67


b2 32 4 3217.0 868.00 176.89
868.00 17.970
b3 32 2 1608.5 804.00 154.57
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
8042.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 235.96 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 360.73 mm
Total compression = 1458.51 kN
Total tension = 1458.51 kN
Moment = 1115.71 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 199.2 / 200000 = 0.00100


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1000.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 932.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1000.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 360.7 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 639.27 * 639.27 / (3 * 200000 * 8042.48 * 571.27) = 0.00007

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1000*639.27/(0.001*8042.48*639.27)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00009
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00111
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00105
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1041

Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm


Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00105 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 507.27) = 0.174 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1042

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6744 2179 +ve 0.00 328.76 0.00 26.48 0.00 0.00
- 1101 NORMAL
- 1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL-

-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -336.60


1101 NORMAL
- - 1101 NORMAL
- - LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6744 2179 +ve 0 1.383 0 0.484 0 0
- 99 LOAD GEN 462 LOAD GE642 LOAD GE 583 LOAD GE-
-ve 0 -4.853 0 -0.481 0 -6.982

- 647 LOAD GE
552 LOAD GE
126 LOAD GE
553 LOAD GE
91 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #91, (88 o
Total
6744 2179 +ve 0.00 330.29 0.00 26.96 0.00 0.00
-ve 0.00 -5.34 0.00 -0.48 0.00 -344.28
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 932.00 126.57 104.67


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
932.00 6.975
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
3217.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 253.36 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 259.45 mm
Total compression = 407.18 kN
Total tension = 407.18 kN
Moment = 344.28 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 126.57 / 200000 = 0.00063


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1000.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 932.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1000.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 259.4 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 740.55 * 740.55 / (3 * 200000 * 3216.99 * 672.55) = 0.00019

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1000*740.55/(0.00063*3216.99*740.55)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00034
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00070
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00051
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00051 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 672.55) = 0.101 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1043

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6746 2180 +ve 0 0 0 24.495 0 0
- - 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - -
-ve 0 -15.848 0 0 0 -357.31
- 1101 NORMA - - 1101 NORMA1101 NORMAL LC1
TRAIN Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6746 2180 +ve 0 0 0 0.737 0 6.989
- - 503 LOAD GE 642 LOAD GE 569 LOAD GE 601 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #601, (1
-ve 0 -3.813 0 -0.291 0 -3.862
- 507 LOAD GE 457 LOAD GE 71 LOAD GEN 438 LOAD GE 95 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #95, (92 o
Total
6746 2180 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 25.23 0.00 7.69
-ve 0.00 -20.04 0.00 -0.29 0.00 -361.56
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 932.00 2.83 104.67


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
932.00 0.156
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
3217.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 253.36 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 259.44 mm
Total compression = 9.09 kN
Total tension = 9.09 kN
Moment = 7.69 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 2.83 / 200000 = 0.00001


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1000.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 932.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1000.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 259.4 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 740.56 * 740.56 / (3 * 200000 * 3216.99 * 672.56) = 0.00019

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1000*740.56/(0.00001*3216.99*740.56)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.01505
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00002
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00000
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 672.56) = 0.000 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1044

Deflection check in serviceability Limit State

Ref. staad file for deflection check at mid span of beam.

Deflection due to all loads except train load


Node L/C X-Trans Y-Trans mm Z-Trans mm Absolute mmX-Rotan rad Y-Rotan rad Z-Rotan rad
2179 1101 0.2 -9.207 0.021 9.209 0.001 0 -0.001

Deflection due to train load


2179 507 0.582 -0.158 0.344 0.694 0 0 0

ALL LOADS EXCLUDING TRAIN LOAD


LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 1101
ABSOLUTE DISPLACEMENT = 9.207 mm
TRAIN LOAD
LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 507
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT DUE TO MOVING LOAD = 0.158 mm
TOTAL DEFLECTION = 9.365 mm

ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION = MIN. OF (L/350 OR 20 mm) = 18.06 mm WHICH IS >9.365 mm


HENCE THE BEAM IS SAFE IN DEFLECTION.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


CB - 70
1046

Beam number = CB70A GRID MKD =


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 40 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 4.63 m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
7099 2171 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 175.63 0.00 274.66
- - 2302 WIND 2204 SEISM- 2208 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2B
-ve 0.00 -515.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 -81.33
- 2101 NORMA 2305 WIND - 2301 WIND 2213 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2B
train load Multification factor = 1.75 0.00
7099 2171 +ve 0.00 2.35 0.00 4.01 0.00 2.43
- 630 LOAD GE 550 LOAD GE507 LOAD GE 550 LOAD GE 91 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #91, (88 o
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -2.86 0.00 -20.19
- - 551 LOAD GE171 LOAD GE 474 LOAD GE 630 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #630, (1
Total
7099 2171 +ve 0.00 4.11 0.00 182.64 0.00 274.66
-ve 0.00 -515.31 0.00 -5.01 0.00 -81.33
Span Moment
6731 2418 +ve 0.00 63.51 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
- 2204 SEISMI - - - -
-ve 0.00 -30.66 0.00 -138.94 0.00 -795.44
- 2251 SEISMI 2302 WIND 2101 NORMAL 2302 WIND U 2205 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2B
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.75 0.00
7099 2418 +ve 0.00 2.35 0.00 4.01 0.00 3.27
- 630 LOAD GEN550 LOAD GEN507 LOAD GEN 474 LOAD GEN91 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #91, (88 of 21
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -2.86 0.00 -15.12
- - 551 LOAD GEN171 LOAD GEN 550 LOAD GEN630 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #630, (197 o
Total
7099 2418 +ve 0.00 67.62 0.00 7.01 0.00 0.00
-ve 0.00 -30.66 0.00 -143.94 0.00 -795.44
Right Support
6731 2170 +ve 0.00 171.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
- 2201 SEISM- - 2303 WIND -
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -138.94 0.00 -577.237
- - 2302 WIND 2101 NORMA - 2101 NORMAL LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 1.75
6731 2170 +ve 0.00 6.48 0.00 1.19 0.00 4.315
- 629 LOAD GE 466 LOAD GE539 LOAD GE 578 LOAD GE 480 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #480, (4
-ve 0.00 -1.83 0.00 0.00 0.00 -4.141
- 91 LOAD GEN 571 LOAD GE- 561 LOAD GE 205 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #205, (2
Total
6731 2170 +ve 0.00 171.85 0.00 2.09 0.00 7.55
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -138.94 0.00 -584.48

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1047

Beam No.
CB 70A Remarks
Unit
CB 70A LEFT MIDSPAN CB 70A RIGHT
Width of Beam b 450 450 450
Depth of Beam D 1500 1500 1500
Effective Depth d 1432 1432 1432
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 274.66 0.00 7.55
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 274.66 0.00 7.55
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.30 0.00 0.01
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pt,Lim % 0.07 0.00 0.00
pt2 % 0.00 0.00 0.00
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 0.07 0.00 0.00
d' mm 68.00 68.00 68.00
d'/d mm 0.05 0.05 0.05
fsc N/mm2 424.25 424.25 424.25 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.304 0.304 0.304 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 1956.3 1956.3 1956.3
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at first layer = 3 3 3
Nos. of bars at second layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at third layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 2413 2413 2413
Ast, provided (%) 0.36 0.36 0.36
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 81.33 795.44 584.48
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 81.33 795.44 584.48
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.09 0.86 0.63
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.02 0.20 0.15
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.304 0.304 0.304
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 1956.3 1956.3 1956.3
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 3 3 3
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 2413 2413 2413
Ast, provided (%) 0.36 0.36 0.36
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1048

CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]


LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y kNmMoment-Z kNm
7099 5000 2418 0 -294.958 0 105.708 0 -564.314
2171 0 379.487 0 -105.708 0 -173.455
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
7099 630 2418 0 2.347 0 2.76 0 -15.117

TOTAL
7099 2418 0 380.90 0 0 0 -573.3842

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
6731 5000 2170 0 102.529 0 -101.687 0 -414.042
2418 0 -1.839 0 101.687 0 554.192

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6731 629 2170 0 6.477 0 0.709 0 0.639

TOTAL
6731 2170 0 106.42 0 0 0 -413.6586
0 0 2.05 0 0 0 554.192

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 515.31 67.62 171.85
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 515.31 67.62 171.85
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 380.90 106.42
Mh kN-m 1432.25 1432.25
Ms kN-m 1432.25 1432.25
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 1247.05 972.57
Shear stress N/mm2 1.935 0.105 1.509
% of tensile steel % 0.374 0.374 0.374
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 0.532 0.532 0.532 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.769 0.769 0.769 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)
Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.409 0.409 0.409
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 12
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 2 2 2
Asv provided mm2 226.2 226.2 226.2
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 546.64 546.64 546.64 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 113.53 2285.94 145.77 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 100 100 100
Hence Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1049

Side face Reinforcement


Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 450 * 1432/100 = 322.2 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 8.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 904.8 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 151.6 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
7099 2171 +ve 0 0 0 93.57187 0 164.5442
- - 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 -343.512 0 0 0 0
- 1101 NORMA - - 1101 NORMA-
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
7099 2171 +ve 0 2.347 0 4.006 0 2.427
- 630 LOAD GE 550 LOAD GE 507 LOAD GE 550 LOAD GE 91 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #91, (88 o
-ve 0 0 0 -2.862 0 -20.188
- - 551 LOAD GE 171 LOAD GE 474 LOAD GE 630 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #630, (1
Total
7099 2171 +ve 0.00 2.58 0.00 97.58 0.00 167.21
-ve 0.00 -343.51 0.00 -2.86 0.00 -22.21
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 3 2412.7 1432.00 51.93 157.00


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
1432.00 1.904
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
2412.7
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 389.28 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 292.47 mm
Total compression = 125.30 kN
Total tension = 125.30 kN
Moment = 167.21 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 51.93 / 200000 = 0.00026


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 292.5 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 1207.53 * 1207.53 / (3 * 200000 * 2412.74 * 1139.53) = 0.00040

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1500*1207.53/(0.00026*2412.74*1207.53)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00164
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00028
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00000
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 87.86 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1050

Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm


Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 87.86 * 0 / (1 + 2 * 35.86 / 1139.53) = 0.000 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1051

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6731 2418 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
- - - - - -

-ve 0.00 -7.43 0.00 -92.65 0.00 -492.40


1101 NORMAL
- 1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMALLC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
7099 2418 +ve 0 2.347 0 4.006 0 3.269
- 630 LOAD GE550 LOAD GE507 LOAD GE 474 LOAD GE91 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #91, (88 o
-ve 0 0 0 -2.862 0 -15.117

- - 551 LOAD GE
171 LOAD GE
550 LOAD GE
630 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #630, (1
Total
7099 2418 +ve 0.00 2.58 0.00 4.01 0.00 3.60
-ve 0.00 -7.43 0.00 -95.51 0.00 -509.03
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 3 2412.7 1432.00 158.09 157.00


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
1432.00 5.796
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
2412.7
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 389.28 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 292.47 mm
Total compression = 381.44 kN
Total tension = 381.44 kN
Moment = 509.03 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 158.09 / 200000 = 0.00079


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 292.5 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 1207.53 * 1207.53 / (3 * 200000 * 2412.74 * 1139.53) = 0.00040

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1500*1207.53/(0.00079*2412.74*1207.53)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00054
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00084
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00044
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 87.86 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 87.86 * 0.00044 / (1 + 2 * 35.86 / 1139.53) = 0.109 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1052

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6731 2170 +ve 0 85.806 0 0 0 0
- 1101 NORMA - - 1101 NORMA-
-ve 0 0 0 -92.65195 0 -384.83728
- - 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMAL LC1
TRAIN Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6731 2170 +ve 0 6.477 0 1.192 0 4.315
- 629 LOAD GE 466 LOAD GE 539 LOAD GE 578 LOAD GE 480 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #480, (4
-ve 0 -1.831 0 0 0 -4.141
- 91 LOAD GEN 571 LOAD GE - 561 LOAD GE 205 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #205, (2
Total
6731 2170 +ve 0.00 92.93 0.00 1.19 0.00 4.75
-ve 0.00 -2.01 0.00 -92.65 0.00 -389.39
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 3 2412.7 1432.00 1.47 157.00


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
1432.00 0.054
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
2412.7
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 389.28 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 292.47 mm
Total compression = 3.56 kN
Total tension = 3.56 kN
Moment = 4.75 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 1.47 / 200000 = 0.00001


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 292.5 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 1207.53 * 1207.53 / (3 * 200000 * 2412.74 * 1139.53) = 0.00040

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1500*1207.53/(0.00001*2412.74*1207.53)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.05769
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00001
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00000
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 87.86 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 87.86 * 0 / (1 + 2 * 35.86 / 1139.53) = 0.000 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1053

Deflection check in serviceability Limit State

Ref. staad file for deflection check at mid span of beam.

Deflection due to all loads except train load


Node L/C X-Trans Y-Trans mm Z-Trans mm Absolute mmX-Rotan rad Y-Rotan rad Z-Rotan rad
2170 1101 0.156 -10.734 0.013 10.735 0 0 0

Deflection due to train load


2170 574 0.587 -0.088 0.355 0.692 0 0 0

ALL LOADS EXCLUDING TRAIN LOAD


LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 1101
ABSOLUTE DISPLACEMENT = 10.734 mm
TRAIN LOAD
LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 574
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT DUE TO MOVING LOAD = 0.088 mm
TOTAL DEFLECTION = 10.822 mm

ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION = MIN. OF (L/350 OR 20 mm) = 13.23 mm WHICH IS >10.822 mm


HENCE THE BEAM IS SAFE IN DEFLECTION.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


CB - 71
1055

Beam number = CB71A-71B GRID MKD =


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 40 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 6.81 m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
6753 2183 +ve 0.00 65.89 0.00 187.56 0.00 0.00
2308 WIND UNLOAD2201 SEISM2306 WIND 2101 NORMA 2308 WIND -
-ve 0.00 -36.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 -671.47
2303 WIND UNLOAD2212 SEISM2301 WIND - 2303 WIND 2101 NORMAL LC1
train load Multification factor = 0.00 1.75
6753 2183 +ve 0.00 1.48 0.00 1.32 0.00 10.04
432 LOAD GENERATIO452 LOAD GE 446 LOAD GE 439 LOAD GE 502 LOAD GE 601 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #601, (1
-ve 0.00 -3.67 0.00 -0.34 0.00 -3.03
442 LOAD GENERATIO77 LOAD GEN 502 LOAD GE 112 LOAD GE 569 LOAD GE 91 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #91, (88 o
Total
6753 2183 +ve 0.00 65.89 0.00 187.56 0.00 17.57
-ve 0.00 -36.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 -676.77
Span Moment
6753 2420 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 187.56 0.00 0.00
2308 WIND UNLOADE- 2306 WIND 2101 NORMAL 2302 WIND U -
-ve 0.00 -137.52 0.00 0.00 0.00 -631.99
2303 WIND UNLOADE2201 SEISMI 2301 WIND - 2305 WIND U 2205 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2B
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.75 0.00
7102 2420 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.75 0.00 9.01
545 LOAD GENERATION
- 631 LOAD GEN9 LOAD GENER 477 LOAD GEN601 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #601, (168 o
-ve 0.00 -2.47 0.00 -5.02 0.00 0.00
594 LOAD GENERATION
574 LOAD GEN 477 LOAD GEN574 LOAD GEN 631 LOAD GEN-
Total
7102 2420 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 187.56 0.00 0.00
-ve 0.00 -141.84 0.00 0.00 0.00 -631.99
Right Support
7102 2184 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 668.84
2308 WIND UNLOAD- 2305 WIND - 2308 WIND 2208 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2B
-ve 0.00 -616.83 0.00 -210.18 0.00 0
2303 WIND UNLOAD2101 NORMA 2302 WIND 2201 SEISM2303 WIND -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.75 1.75
7102 2184 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.75 0.00 14.085
332 LOAD GENERATIO- 437 LOAD GE9 LOAD GENE 482 LOAD GE 601 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #601, (1
-ve 0.00 -2.51 0.00 -5.05 0.00 0
524 LOAD GENERATIO574 LOAD GE 491 LOAD GE574 LOAD GE 491 LOAD GE -
Total
7102 2184 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 693.49
-ve 0.00 -621.22 0.00 -210.18 0.00 0.00

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1056

Beam No.
CB 71A/71B CB 71A/71B CB 71A/71B Remarks
Unit
LEFT MIDSPAN RIGHT
Width of Beam b 450 450 450
Depth of Beam D 1500 1500 1500
Effective Depth d 1432 1432 1432
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 17.57 0.00 693.49
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 17.57 0.00 693.49
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.02 0.00 0.75
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pt,Lim % 0.00 0.00 0.18
pt2 % 0.00 0.00 0.00
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 0.00 0.00 0.18
d' mm 68.00 68.00 68.00
d'/d mm 0.05 0.05 0.05
fsc N/mm2 424.25 424.25 424.25 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.304 0.304 0.304 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 1956.3 1956.3 1956.3
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at first layer = 3 3 3
Nos. of bars at second layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at third layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 2413 2413 2413
Ast, provided (%) 0.36 0.36 0.36
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 676.77 631.99 0.00
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 676.77 631.99 0.00
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.73 0.68 0.00
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.17 0.16 0.00
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.304 0.304 0.304
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 1956.3 1956.3 1956.3
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 3 3 3
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 2413 2413 2413
Ast, provided (%) 0.36 0.36 0.36
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1057

CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]


LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y kNmMoment-Z kNm
6753 5000 2183 0 7.995 0 137.341 0 -495.819
2420 0 92.978 0 -137.341 0 403.851
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6753 77 2420 0 3.668 0 0.03 0 -6.499

TOTAL
6753 2420 0 95.18 0 0 0 -499.7184

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
7102 5000 2420 0 -378.666 0 -140.823 0 -415.135
2184 0 463.195 0 140.823 0 -503.444

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
7102 574 2184 0 2.468 0 5.018 0 -13.849

TOTAL
7102 2184 0 -377.19 0 0 0 -423.4444
0 0 464.68 0 0 0 -503.444

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 65.89 141.84 621.22
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 65.89 141.84 621.22
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 95.18 464.68
Mh kN-m 1432.25 1432.25
Ms kN-m 1432.25 1432.25
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 684.06 1053.56
Shear stress N/mm2 1.062 0.220 1.635
% of tensile steel % 0.374 0.374 0.374
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 0.532 0.532 0.532 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.769 0.769 0.769 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)
Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.409 0.409 0.409
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 12
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 2 2 2
Asv provided mm2 226.2 226.2 226.2
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 546.64 546.64 546.64 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 207.79 1037.07 134.50 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 100 100 100
Hence Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1058

Side face Reinforcement


Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 450 * 1432/100 = 322.2 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 8.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 904.8 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 151.6 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6753 2183 +ve 0 4.246 0 120.779 0 0
- 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - -
-ve 0 0 0 0 0 -438.916
1101 NORMAL LC1 - - - 1101 NORMA1101 NORMAL LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6753 2183 +ve 0 1.483 0 1.322 0 10.041
432 LOAD GENERATIO 452 LOAD GE 446 LOAD GE 439 LOAD GE 502 LOAD GE 601 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #601, (1
-ve 0 -3.668 0 -0.344 0 -3.033
442 LOAD GENERATIO 77 LOAD GEN 502 LOAD GE 112 LOAD GE 569 LOAD GE 91 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #91, (88 o
Total
6753 2183 +ve 0.00 5.88 0.00 122.10 0.00 11.05
-ve 0.00 -4.03 0.00 -0.34 0.00 -442.25
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 3 2412.7 1432.00 3.43 157.00


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
1432.00 0.126
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
2412.7
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 389.28 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 292.47 mm
Total compression = 8.28 kN
Total tension = 8.28 kN
Moment = 11.05 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 3.43 / 200000 = 0.00002


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 292.5 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 1207.53 * 1207.53 / (3 * 200000 * 2412.74 * 1139.53) = 0.00040

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1500*1207.53/(0.00002*2412.74*1207.53)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.02479
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00002
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00000
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 87.86 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1059

Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm


Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 87.86 * 0 / (1 + 2 * 35.86 / 1139.53) = 0.000 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1060

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
7102 2420 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
- - 1101 NORMAL
- - -

-ve 0.00 -340.10 0.00 -122.15 0.00 -356.06


1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL LC1 1101 NORMAL
- 1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMALLC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
7102 2420 +ve 0 0 0 1.747 0 9.006
545 LOAD GENERATIO
- 631 LOAD GE9 LOAD GENE 477 LOAD GE601 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #601, (1
-ve 0 -2.468 0 -5.018 0 0

594 LOAD GENERATIO


574 LOAD GE
477 LOAD GE
574 LOAD GE
631 LOAD GE
-
Total
7102 2420 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.75 0.00 9.91
-ve 0.00 -342.81 0.00 -127.17 0.00 -356.06
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 3 2412.7 1432.00 110.58 157.00


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
1432.00 4.055
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
2412.7
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 389.28 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 292.47 mm
Total compression = 266.81 kN
Total tension = 266.81 kN
Moment = 356.06 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 110.58 / 200000 = 0.00055


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 292.5 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 1207.53 * 1207.53 / (3 * 200000 * 2412.74 * 1139.53) = 0.00040

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1500*1207.53/(0.00055*2412.74*1207.53)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00077
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00059
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00019
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 87.86 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 87.86 * 0.00019 / (1 + 2 * 35.86 / 1139.53) = 0.047 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1061

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6754 2184 +ve 0 179.677 0 0 0 332.021
1101 NORMAL LC1 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - - 1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 0 0 -55.319 0 0
- - - 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA-
TRAIN Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
7102 2184 +ve 0 0 0 1.752 0 14.085
332 LOAD GENERATIO - 437 LOAD GE 9 LOAD GENE 482 LOAD GE 601 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #601, (1
-ve 0 -2.512 0 -5.046 0 0
524 LOAD GENERATIO 574 LOAD GE 491 LOAD GE 574 LOAD GE 491 LOAD GE -
Total
7102 2184 +ve 0.00 179.68 0.00 1.75 0.00 347.51
-ve 0.00 -2.76 0.00 -60.37 0.00 0.00
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 3 2412.7 1432.00 107.93 157.00


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
1432.00 3.957
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
2412.7
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 389.28 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 292.47 mm
Total compression = 260.41 kN
Total tension = 260.41 kN
Moment = 347.51 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 107.93 / 200000 = 0.00054


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 292.5 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 1207.53 * 1207.53 / (3 * 200000 * 2412.74 * 1139.53) = 0.00040

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1500*1207.53/(0.00054*2412.74*1207.53)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00079
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00057
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00017
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 87.86 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 87.86 * 0.00017 / (1 + 2 * 35.86 / 1139.53) = 0.043 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1062

Deflection check in serviceability Limit State

Ref. staad file for deflection check at mid span of beam.

Deflection due to all loads except train load


Node L/C X-Trans Y-Trans mm Z-Trans mm Absolute mmX-Rotan rad Y-Rotan rad Z-Rotan rad
2183 1101 0.212 -12.882 0.013 12.884 -0.001 0 0

Deflection due to train load


2183 507 0.579 -0.089 0.345 0.68 0 0 0

ALL LOADS EXCLUDING TRAIN LOAD


LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 1101
ABSOLUTE DISPLACEMENT = 12.882 mm
TRAIN LOAD
LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 507
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT DUE TO MOVING LOAD = 0.089 mm
TOTAL DEFLECTION = 12.971 mm

ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION = MIN. OF (L/350 OR 20 mm) = 19.46 mm WHICH IS >12.971 mm


HENCE THE BEAM IS SAFE IN DEFLECTION.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


CB - 72
1064

Beam number = CB72A GRID MKD = 2-4


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 40 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 2.945 m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
6727 2175 +ve 0.00 76.05 0.10 6.27 0.01 15.13
2304 WIND UNLOAD2204 SEISM2303 WIND 2212 SEISM2303 WIND 2208 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2B
-ve 0.00 0.00 -0.10 -35.45 -0.01 0.00
2303 WIND UNLOAD- 2304 WIND 2201 SEISM2304 WIND -
train load Multification factor = 0.00 0.00
6727 2175 +ve 0.00 1.08 0.00 1.28 0.00 0.08
534 LOAD GENERATIO131 LOAD GE 540 LOAD GEN 179 LOAD GE 641 LOAD GE 502 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #502, (
-ve 0.00 -2.24 0.00 -1.18 0.00 -0.19
4 LOAD GENERATION,439 LOAD GE 37 LOAD GENE 502 LOAD GE 208 LOAD GE 201 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #201, (
Total
6727 2175 +ve 0.00 76.05 0.10 6.27 0.01 15.13
-ve 0.00 0.00 -0.10 -35.45 -0.01 0.00
Span Moment
6727 2441 +ve 0.00 165.74 0.10 6.27 0.29 153.81
2304 WIND UNLOADE2101 NORMAL 2303 WIND UN2209 SEISMI 2304 WIND U 2101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0.00 0.00 -0.10 -35.45 -0.29 0.00
2303 WIND UNLOADE- 2304 WIND UN2204 SEISMI 2303 WIND U -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.75 1.75
6727 2441 +ve 0.00 1.08 0.00 1.28 0.00 3.18
534 LOAD GENERATION
131 LOAD GEN 540 LOAD GENE179 LOAD GEN 37 LOAD GENE 131 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #131, (128
-ve 0.00 -2.24 0.00 -1.18 0.00 -6.82
4 LOAD GENERATION,439
L LOAD GEN 37 LOAD GENER502 LOAD GEN 543 LOAD GEN 439 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #439, (6 of
Total
6727 2441 +ve 0.00 167.63 0.10 6.27 0.29 159.38
-ve 0.00 -3.92 -0.10 -35.45 -0.29 -11.93
Right Support
6727 2441 +ve 0.00 165.74 0.10 6.27 0.29 375.70
2304 WIND UNLOAD2101 NORMA 2303 WIND 2209 SEISM2304 WIND 2101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0.00 0.00 -0.10 -35.45 -0.29 0
2303 WIND UNLOAD- 2304 WIND 2204 SEISM2303 WIND -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.75 1.75
6727 2441 +ve 0.00 1.08 0.00 1.28 0.00 3.183
534 LOAD GENERATIO131 LOAD GE 540 LOAD GEN 179 LOAD GE 37 LOAD GEN 131 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #131, (
-ve 0.00 -2.24 0.00 -1.18 0.00 -6.817
4 LOAD GENERATION,439 LOAD GE 37 LOAD GENE 502 LOAD GE 543 LOAD GE 439 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #439, (
Total
6727 2441 +ve 0.00 167.63 0.10 6.27 0.29 381.27
-ve 0.00 -3.92 -0.10 -35.45 -0.29 -11.93

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1065

Beam No.
CB72B Remarks
Unit
CB72B LEFT MIDSPAN CB72B RIGHT
Width of Beam b 450 450 450
Depth of Beam D 1000 1000 1000
Effective Depth d 932 932 932
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 15.13 159.38 381.27
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 15.13 159.38 381.27
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.04 0.41 0.98
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pt,Lim % 0.01 0.09 0.23
pt2 % 0.00 0.00 0.00
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 0.01 0.09 0.23
d' mm 68.00 68.00 68.00
d'/d mm 0.07 0.07 0.07
fsc N/mm2 419.42 419.42 419.42 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.304 0.304 0.304 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 1273.2 1273.2 1273.2
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at first layer = 3 3 3
Nos. of bars at second layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at third layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 2413 2413 2413
Ast, provided (%) 0.54 0.54 0.54
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 0.00 11.93 11.93
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 0.00 11.93 11.93
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.00 0.03 0.03
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.00 0.01 0.01
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.304 0.304 0.304
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 1273.2 1273.2 1273.2
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 3 3 3
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 2413 2413 2413
Ast, provided (%) 0.54 0.54 0.54
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1066

CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]


LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y kNmMoment-Z kNm
6727 5000 2441 0 120.397 0 -17.22 0 273.297
2175 0 -51.89 0 17.22 0 -10.989
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6727 439 2175 0 2.241 0 0.919 0 -0.007

TOTAL
6727 2175 0 121.74 0 0 0 273.2928

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
6727 5000 2441 0 120.397 0 -17.22 0 273.297
2175 0 -51.89 0 17.22 0 -10.989

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6727 439 2175 0 2.241 0 0.919 0 -0.007

TOTAL
6727 2175 0 121.74 0 0 0 273.2928
0 0 -50.55 0 0 0 -10.989

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 76.05 167.63 167.63
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 76.05 167.63 167.63
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 121.74 121.74
Mh kN-m 907.48 907.48
Ms kN-m 907.48 907.48
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 984.54 984.54
Shear stress N/mm2 2.348 0.400 2.348
% of tensile steel % 0.575 0.575 0.575
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 0.614 0.614 0.614 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.856 0.856 0.856 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)
Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.526 0.526 0.526
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 12
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 4 4 4
Asv provided mm2 452.4 452.4 452.4
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 1093.27 1093.27 1093.27 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 196.84 1596.65 196.84 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 150 150 150
Hence Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1067

Side face Reinforcement


Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 450 * 932/100 = 209.7 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 5.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 565.5 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 144.0 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6727 2175 +ve 0 47.593 0 0 0 9.743
- 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMAL - 1101 NORMA1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 0 0 -16.578 0 0
1101 NORMAL LC1 - - 1101 NORMA - -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6727 2175 +ve 0 1.079 0 1.283 0 0.076
534 LOAD GENERATIO 131 LOAD GE 540 LOAD GEN 179 LOAD GE 641 LOAD GE 502 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #502, (
-ve 0 -2.241 0 -1.182 0 -0.188
4 LOAD GENERATION, 439 LOAD GE 37 LOAD GENE 502 LOAD GE 208 LOAD GE 201 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #201, (
Total
6727 2175 +ve 0.00 48.78 0.00 1.28 0.00 9.83
-ve 0.00 -2.47 0.00 -17.76 0.00 -0.21
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 3 2412.7 932.00 4.76 157.00


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
932.00 0.222
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
2412.7
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 253.36 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 229.62 mm
Total compression = 11.49 kN
Total tension = 11.49 kN
Moment = 9.83 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 4.76 / 200000 = 0.00002


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1000.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 932.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1000.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 229.6 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 770.38 * 770.38 / (3 * 200000 * 2412.74 * 702.38) = 0.00026

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1000*770.38/(0.00002*2412.74*770.38)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.01191
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00003
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00000
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 87.86 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1068

Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm


Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 87.86 * 0 / (1 + 2 * 35.86 / 702.38) = 0.000 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1069

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6727 2441 +ve 0.00 110.48 0.00 0.00 0.00 102.51
1101 NORMAL
- 1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL - - LC1

-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -16.58 0.00 0.00


1101 NORMAL LC1 - - 1101 NORMAL 1101 NORMAL-
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6727 2441 +ve 0 1.079 0 1.283 0 3.183
534 LOAD GENERATIO
131 LOAD GE 540 LOAD GEN179 LOAD GE 37 LOAD GEN131 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #131, (
-ve 0 -2.241 0 -1.182 0 -6.817

4 LOAD GENERATION,
439 LOAD GE
37 LOAD GENE
502 LOAD GE
543 LOAD GE
439 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #439, (
Total
6727 2441 +ve 0.00 111.66 0.00 1.28 0.00 106.01
-ve 0.00 -2.47 0.00 -17.76 0.00 -7.50
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 3 2412.7 932.00 3.63 157.00


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
932.00 0.170
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
2412.7
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 253.36 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 229.62 mm
Total compression = 8.77 kN
Total tension = 8.77 kN
Moment = 7.50 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 3.63 / 200000 = 0.00002


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1000.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 932.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1000.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 229.6 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 770.38 * 770.38 / (3 * 200000 * 2412.74 * 702.38) = 0.00026

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1000*770.38/(0.00002*2412.74*770.38)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.01561
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00002
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00000
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 87.86 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 87.86 * 0 / (1 + 2 * 35.86 / 702.38) = 0.000 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1070

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6727 2441 +ve 0 110.477 0 0 0 250.405
- 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMAL - - 1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 0 0 -16.578 0 0
1101 NORMAL LC1 - - 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA-
TRAIN Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6727 2441 +ve 0 1.079 0 1.283 0 3.183
534 LOAD GENERATIO 131 LOAD GE 540 LOAD GEN 179 LOAD GE 37 LOAD GEN 131 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #131, (
-ve 0 -2.241 0 -1.182 0 -6.817
4 LOAD GENERATION, 439 LOAD GE 37 LOAD GENE 502 LOAD GE 543 LOAD GE 439 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #439, (
Total
6727 2441 +ve 0.00 111.66 0.00 1.28 0.00 253.91
-ve 0.00 -2.47 0.00 -17.76 0.00 -7.50
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 3 2412.7 932.00 123.02 157.00


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
932.00 5.745
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
2412.7
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 253.36 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 229.62 mm
Total compression = 296.81 kN
Total tension = 296.81 kN
Moment = 253.91 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 123.02 / 200000 = 0.00062


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1000.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 932.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1000.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 229.6 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 770.38 * 770.38 / (3 * 200000 * 2412.74 * 702.38) = 0.00026

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1000*770.38/(0.00062*2412.74*770.38)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00046
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00067
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00041
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 87.86 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 87.86 * 0.00041 / (1 + 2 * 35.86 / 702.38) = 0.094 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1071

Deflection check in serviceability Limit State

Ref. staad file for deflection check at mid span of beam.

Deflection due to all loads except train load


Node L/C X-Trans Y-Trans mm Z-Trans mm Absolute mm X-Rotan rad Y-Rotan rad Z-Rotan rad
2441 1101 0.151 -6.775 -0.003 6.776 0.001 0 0.001

Deflection due to train load


2441 628 0.587 0.075 0.355 0.69 0 0 0

ALL LOADS EXCLUDING TRAIN LOAD


LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 1101
ABSOLUTE DISPLACEMENT = 6.775 mm
TRAIN LOAD
LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 628
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT DUE TO MOVING LOAD = 0.075 mm
TOTAL DEFLECTION = 6.85 mm

ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION = MIN. OF (L/350 OR 20 mm) = 8.41 mm WHICH IS >6.85 mm


HENCE THE BEAM IS SAFE IN DEFLECTION.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1072

Beam number = CB72B GRID MKD = 2-4


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 40 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 13.99 m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
7132 2177 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00
3.73 0.00 1135.34
- - - 2212 SEISM2302 WIND 2101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0.00 -1147.14 0.00 -14.55 0.00 0.00
- 2101 NORMA 2304 WIND 2201 SEISM2305 WIND -
train load Multification factor = 1.75 1.75
7132 2177 +ve 0.00 1.59 0.00 0.98 0.00 1.01
- 100 LOAD GE 585 LOAD GEN548 LOAD GE 637 LOAD GE 507 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #507, (
-ve 0.00 -1.41 0.00 -0.47 0.00 -5.61
- 579 LOAD GE 535 LOAD GEN169 LOAD GE 486 LOAD GE 200 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #200, (
Total
7132 2177 +ve 0.00 2.77 0.00 5.44 0.00 1137.11
-ve 0.00 -1149.60 0.00 -15.36 0.00 -9.81
Span Moment
6741 2438 +ve 0.00 274.52 0.00 3.73 0.00 0.00
- 2204 SEISMI 2306 WIND UN2212 SEISMI 2305 WIND U -
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -14.55 0.00 -1244.66
- - 2301 WIND UN2201 SEISMI 2302 WIND U 2205 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2B
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 0.00
7132 2438 +ve 0.00 1.59 0.00 0.98 0.00 1.25
- 100 LOAD GEN 585 LOAD GENE548 LOAD GEN 486 LOAD GEN77 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #77, (74 of 2
-ve 0.00 -1.41 0.00 -0.47 0.00 -5.71
- 579 LOAD GEN 535 LOAD GENE169 LOAD GEN 637 LOAD GEN632 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #632, (199
Total
7132 2438 +ve 0.00 274.52 0.00 5.44 0.00 0.00
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -15.36 0.00 -1244.66
Right Support
6279 1037 +ve 0.00 542.77 0.00 22.62 0.00 1486.22
- 2101 NORMA 2301 WIND 2201 SEISM- 2101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0
- - 2306 WIND - 2302 WIND -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.75 1.75
6279 1037 +ve 0.00 3.59 0.00 0.66 0.00 14.401
- 630 LOAD GE 516 LOAD GEN68 LOAD GEN 612 LOAD GE 452 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #452, (
-ve 0.00 -1.02 0.00 -0.51 0.00 0
- 78 LOAD GEN 464 LOAD GEN439 LOAD GE 578 LOAD GE -
Total
6279 1037 +ve 0.00 549.06 0.00 23.77 0.00 1511.42
-ve 0.00 -1.79 0.00 -0.89 0.00 0.00

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1073

Beam No.
CB72B Remarks
Unit
CB72B LEFT MIDSPAN CB72B RIGHT
Width of Beam b 450 450 450
Depth of Beam D 1000 1000 1000
Effective Depth d 868 868 836
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 1137.11 0.00 1511.42
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 1137.11 0.00 1511.42
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 3.35 0.00 4.81
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pt,Lim % 0.86 0.00 1.32
pt2 % 0.00 0.00 0.00
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 0.86 0.00 1.32
d' mm 68.00 68.00 68.00
d'/d mm 0.08 0.08 0.08
fsc N/mm2 418.19 418.19 417.46 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.304 0.304 0.304 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 3376.6 1872.8 4980.7
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at first layer = 3 3 3
Nos. of bars at second layer = 3 0 3
Nos. of bars at third layer = 3 0 3
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 0 0 3
Ast,Provided 7238 2413 9651
Ast, provided (%) 1.61 0.54 2.14
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 9.81 1244.66 0.00
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 9.81 1244.66 0.00
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.03 3.67 0.00
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.01 0.96 0.00
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.304 0.304 0.304
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 1688.3 3745.6 2490.3
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 3 3 3
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 0 3 3
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 3 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 2413 7238 4825
Ast, provided (%) 0.54 1.61 1.07
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1074

CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]


LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y kNmMoment-Z kNm
7132 5000 2438 0 -804.098 0 -9.074 0 -965.741
2177 0 887.833 0 9.074 0 -880.839
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
7132 100 2438 0 1.585 0 -0.311 0 0.626

TOTAL
7132 2438 0 888.78 0 0 0 -965.3654

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
6279 5000 1037 0 384.498 0 18.506 0 1078.135
1036 0 -253.354 0 -18.506 0 103.485

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6279 630 1037 0 3.593 0 -0.306 0 13.406

TOTAL
6279 1037 0 386.65 0 0 0 1086.1786
0 0 -251.20 0 0 0 103.485

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 1149.60 274.52 549.06
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 1149.60 274.52 549.06
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 888.78 386.65
Mh kN-m 2096.78 2378.59
Ms kN-m 840.31 1472.07
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 1210.90 743.79
Shear stress N/mm2 3.100 0.703 1.977
% of tensile steel % 1.853 0.618 2.565
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 0.907 0.629 1.011 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.871 0.871 0.879 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)
Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.790 0.548 0.889
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 12
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 4 4 4
Asv provided mm2 452.4 452.4 452.4
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 1093.27 1093.27 1093.27 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 161.39 788.32 293.93 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 150 150 150
Hence Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1075

Side face Reinforcement


Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 450 * 868/100 = 195.3 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 5.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 565.5 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 144.0 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
7132 2177 +ve 0 0 0 0 0 769.061
- - 1101 NORMAL - 1101 NORMA1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 -766.929 0 -9.816 0 0
- 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMA - -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
7132 2177 +ve 0 1.585 0 0.979 0 1.009
- 100 LOAD GE 585 LOAD GEN 548 LOAD GE 637 LOAD GE 507 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #507, (
-ve 0 -1.406 0 -0.465 0 -5.608
- 579 LOAD GE 535 LOAD GEN 169 LOAD GE 486 LOAD GE 200 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #200, (
Total
7132 2177 +ve 0.00 1.74 0.00 0.98 0.00 770.17
-ve 0.00 -768.48 0.00 -10.28 0.00 -6.17
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 3 2412.7 932.00 157.37 157.00


b2 32 3 2412.7 868.00 140.25
868.00 13.130
b3 32 3 2412.7 804.00 123.13
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
7238.2
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 235.96 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 343.63 mm
Total compression = 1015.17 kN
Total tension = 1015.17 kN
Moment = 770.17 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 157.37 / 200000 = 0.00079


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1000.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 932.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1000.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 343.6 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 656.37 * 656.37 / (3 * 200000 * 7238.23 * 588.37) = 0.00008

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1000*656.37/(0.00079*7238.23*656.37)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00012
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00088
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00080
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 87.86 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1076

Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm


Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 87.86 * 0.0008 / (1 + 2 * 35.86 / 524.37) = 0.186 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1077

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
7132 2438 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
- - 1101 NORMAL - - -

-ve 0.00 -685.61 0.00 -9.82 0.00 -819.84


1101 NORMAL
- 1101 NORMAL
- 1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMALLC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
7132 2438 +ve 0 1.585 0 0.979 0 1.254
- 100 LOAD GE 585 LOAD GEN548 LOAD GE 486 LOAD GE77 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #77, (74
-ve 0 -1.406 0 -0.465 0 -5.712

- 579 LOAD GE
535 LOAD GEN
169 LOAD GE
637 LOAD GE
632 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #632, (
Total
7132 2438 +ve 0.00 1.74 0.00 0.98 0.00 1.38
-ve 0.00 -687.15 0.00 -10.28 0.00 -826.12
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 3 2412.7 932.00 168.80 157.00


b2 32 3 2412.7 868.00 150.44
868.00 14.084
b3 32 3 2412.7 804.00 132.08
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
7238.2
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 235.96 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 343.63 mm
Total compression = 1088.91 kN
Total tension = 1088.91 kN
Moment = 826.12 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 168.8 / 200000 = 0.00084


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1000.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 932.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1000.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 343.6 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 656.37 * 656.37 / (3 * 200000 * 7238.23 * 588.37) = 0.00008

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1000*656.37/(0.00084*7238.23*656.37)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00011
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00094
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00087
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 87.86 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 87.86 * 0.00087 / (1 + 2 * 35.86 / 524.37) = 0.197 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1078

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6279 1037 +ve 0 358.535 0 16.795 0 976.477
- 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMAL 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 0 0 0 0 0
- - - - - -
TRAIN Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6279 1037 +ve 0 3.593 0 0.658 0 14.401
- 630 LOAD GE 516 LOAD GEN 68 LOAD GEN 612 LOAD GE 452 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #452, (
-ve 0 -1.024 0 -0.508 0 0
- 78 LOAD GEN 464 LOAD GEN 439 LOAD GE 578 LOAD GE -
Total
6279 1037 +ve 0.00 362.49 0.00 17.45 0.00 992.32
-ve 0.00 -1.13 0.00 -0.51 0.00 0.00
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 3 2412.7 932.00 171.75 157.00


b2 32 3 2412.7 868.00 152.09
836.00 16.364
b3 32 3 2412.7 804.00 132.43
b4 32 3 2412.7 740.00 112.77
9651.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 227.26 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 372.89 mm
Total compression = 1372.96 kN
Total tension = 1372.96 kN
Moment = 992.32 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 171.75 / 200000 = 0.00086


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1000.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 932.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1000.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 372.9 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 627.11 * 627.11 / (3 * 200000 * 9650.97 * 559.11) = 0.00005

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1000*627.11/(0.00086*9650.97*627.11)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00008
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00096
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00091
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 87.86 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 87.86 * 0.00091 / (1 + 2 * 35.86 / 463.11) = 0.197 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1079

Deflection check in serviceability Limit State

Ref. staad file for deflection check at mid span of beam.

Deflection due to all loads except train load


Node L/C X-Trans Y-Trans mm Z-Trans mm Absolute mm X-Rotan rad Y-Rotan rad Z-Rotan rad
2176 1101 0.156 -9.732 -0.003 9.733 0 0 0.001

Deflection due to train load


2176 574 0.587 -0.058 0.356 0.689 0 0 0

ALL LOADS EXCLUDING TRAIN LOAD


LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 1101
ABSOLUTE DISPLACEMENT = 9.732 mm
TRAIN LOAD
LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 574
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT DUE TO MOVING LOAD = 0.058 mm
TOTAL DEFLECTION = 9.79 mm

ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION = MIN. OF (L/350 OR 20 mm) = 20 mm WHICH IS >9.79 mm HENCE


THE BEAM IS SAFE IN DEFLECTION.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1080

Beam number = CB72C & CB72D GRID MKD = 4-6


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 40 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 13.2 m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
6274 1037 +ve 0.00 649.59 0.00 0.00 0.00 1675.58
- 2101 NORMA 2301 WIND - - 2101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -43.52 0.00 0.00
- - - 2204 SEISM2101 NORMA-
train load Multification factor = 1.75 1.75
6274 1037 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.62 0.00 0.00
- - 462 LOAD GE642 LOAD GE 582 LOAD GE -
-ve 0.00 -2.29 0.00 -0.43 0.00 -14.93
- 83 LOAD GEN 552 LOAD GE95 LOAD GEN 583 LOAD GE 507 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #507, (7
Total
6274 1037 +ve 0.00 649.59 0.00 1.08 0.00 1675.58
-ve 0.00 -4.00 0.00 -44.27 0.00 -26.12
Span Moment
6300 2439 +ve 0.00 214.00 0.00 13.52 0.00 0.00
2304 WIND UNLOADE2204 SEISMI 2301 WIND 2204 SEISMI 2301 WIND U -
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -4.67 0.00 -1235.72
2307 WIND UNLOADE- - 2209 SEISMI - 2205 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2B
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 0.00
6300 2439 +ve 0.00 0.84 0.00 0.46 0.00 9.32
478 LOAD GENERATION
202 LOAD GEN 579 LOAD GEN9 LOAD GENER 579 LOAD GEN574 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #574, (141 o
-ve 0.00 -3.37 0.00 -1.11 0.00 0.00
613 LOAD GENERATION
500 LOAD GEN 599 LOAD GEN534 LOAD GEN 576 LOAD GEN-
Total
6300 2439 +ve 0.00 214.00 0.00 14.32 0.00 0.00
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -6.62 0.00 -1235.72
Right Support
7133 1040 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 13.52 0.00 1282.99
2307 WIND UNLOAD- - 2204 SEISM- 2101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0.00 -1210.95 0.00 -4.67 0.00 0
2304 WIND UNLOAD2101 NORMA 2301 WIND 2209 SEISM2301 WIND -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.75 1.75
7133 1040 +ve 0.00 0.84 0.00 0.46 0.00 16.076
613 LOAD GENERATIO202 LOAD GE 606 LOAD GE9 LOAD GENE 576 LOAD GE 561 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #561, (1
-ve 0.00 -3.37 0.00 -1.11 0.00 -0.485
478 LOAD GENERATIO500 LOAD GE 579 LOAD GE534 LOAD GE 579 LOAD GE 9 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #9, (6 of 21
Total
7133 1040 +ve 0.00 1.47 0.00 14.32 0.00 1311.12
-ve 0.00 -1216.85 0.00 -6.62 0.00 -0.85

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1081

Beam No.
Remarks
Unit CB 72C CB 72C
CB 72C LEFT MIDSPAN RIGHT/CB 72D
Width of Beam b 450 450 450
Depth of Beam D 1000 1000 1000
Effective Depth d 836 868 836
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 1675.58 0.00 1311.12
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 1675.58 0.00 1311.12
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 5.33 0.00 4.17
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Doubly Singly Singly
pt,Lim % 1.51 0.00 1.11
pt2 % 0.00 0.00 0.00
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 1.51 0.00 1.11
d' mm 68.00 68.00 68.00
d'/d mm 0.08 0.08 0.08
fsc N/mm2 417.46 418.19 417.46 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.304 0.304 0.304 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 5676.6 1857.2 4188.5
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at first layer = 3 3 3
Nos. of bars at second layer = 3 0 3
Nos. of bars at third layer = 3 0 3
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 3 0 3
Ast,Provided 9651 2413 9651
Ast, provided (%) 2.14 0.54 2.14
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 26.12 1235.72 0.85
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 26.12 1235.72 0.85
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.08 3.64 0.00
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.02 0.95 0.00
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.304 0.304 0.304
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 2838.3 3714.5 2094.3
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 3 3 3
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 3 3 0
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 3 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 4825 7238 2413
Ast, provided (%) 1.07 1.61 0.54
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1082

CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]


LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y kNmMoment-Z kNm
6274 5000 1037 0 471.244 0 -37.29 0 1228.132
1038 0 -340.1 0 37.29 0 274.882
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6274 83 1038 0 2.287 0 0.351 0 4.331

TOTAL
6274 1038 0 472.62 0 0 0 1230.7306

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
7133 5000 2439 0 -855.627 0 7.461 0 -962.72
1040 0 939.363 0 -7.461 0 -995.164

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
7133 500 1040 0 3.372 0 1.007 0 -14.638

TOTAL
7133 1040 0 -853.60 0 0 0 -971.5028
0 0 941.39 0 0 0 -995.164

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 649.59 214.00 1216.85
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 649.59 214.00 1216.85
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 472.62 941.39
Mh kN-m 1673.16 2378.59
Ms kN-m 1472.07 806.73
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 881.02 1204.40
Shear stress N/mm2 2.342 0.548 3.235
% of tensile steel % 2.565 0.618 2.565
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 1.011 0.629 1.011 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.879 0.871 0.879 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)
Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.889 0.548 0.889
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 12
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 4 4 4
Asv provided mm2 452.4 452.4 452.4
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 1093.27 1093.27 1093.27 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 236.05 1093.82 159.29 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 150 150 100
Hence Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1083

Side face Reinforcement


Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 450 * 836/100 = 188.1 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 5.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 565.5 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 144.0 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6274 1037 +ve 0 432.597 0 0 0 1107.13
- 1101 NORMA - - 1101 NORMA1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 0 0 -32.876 0 0
- - 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6274 1037 +ve 0 0 0 0.616 0 0
- - 462 LOAD GE 642 LOAD GE 582 LOAD GE -
-ve 0 -2.287 0 -0.429 0 -14.925
- 83 LOAD GEN 552 LOAD GE 95 LOAD GEN 583 LOAD GE 507 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #507, (7
Total
6274 1037 +ve 0.00 432.60 0.00 0.62 0.00 1107.13
-ve 0.00 -2.52 0.00 -33.31 0.00 -16.42
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 3 2412.7 932.00 191.62 157.00


b2 32 3 2412.7 868.00 169.69
836.00 18.257
b3 32 3 2412.7 804.00 147.75
b4 32 3 2412.7 740.00 125.82
9651.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 227.26 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 372.89 mm
Total compression = 1531.81 kN
Total tension = 1531.81 kN
Moment = 1107.13 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 191.62 / 200000 = 0.00096


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1000.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 932.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1000.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 372.9 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 627.11 * 627.11 / (3 * 200000 * 9650.97 * 559.11) = 0.00005

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1000*627.11/(0.00096*9650.97*627.11)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00007
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00107
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00102
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 87.86 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1084

Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm


Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 87.86 * 0.00102 / (1 + 2 * 35.86 / 463.11) = 0.198 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1085

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6300 2439 +ve 0.00 96.62 0.00 7.55 0.00 0.00
1101 NORMAL LC1 1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL-

-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -817.58


1101 NORMAL
- - - - - LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6300 2439 +ve 0 0.839 0 0.456 0 9.322
478 LOAD GENERATIO
202 LOAD GE 579 LOAD GE9 LOAD GENE 579 LOAD GE574 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #574, (1
-ve 0 -3.372 0 -1.112 0 0

613 LOAD GENERATIO


500 LOAD GE
599 LOAD GE
534 LOAD GE
576 LOAD GE
-
Total
6300 2439 +ve 0.00 97.54 0.00 8.01 0.00 10.25
-ve 0.00 -3.71 0.00 -1.11 0.00 -817.58
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 3 2412.7 932.00 167.06 157.00


b2 32 3 2412.7 868.00 148.88
868.00 13.938
b3 32 3 2412.7 804.00 130.71
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
7238.2
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 235.96 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 343.63 mm
Total compression = 1077.66 kN
Total tension = 1077.66 kN
Moment = 817.58 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 167.06 / 200000 = 0.00084


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1000.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 932.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1000.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 343.6 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 656.37 * 656.37 / (3 * 200000 * 7238.23 * 588.37) = 0.00008

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1000*656.37/(0.00084*7238.23*656.37)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00011
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00093
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00086
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 87.86 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 87.86 * 0.00086 / (1 + 2 * 35.86 / 524.37) = 0.198 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1086

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
7133 1040 +ve 0 0 0 7.55 0 863.717
- - - 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 -809.707 0 0 0 0
1101 NORMAL LC1 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMA-
TRAIN Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
7133 1040 +ve 0 0.839 0 0.456 0 16.076
613 LOAD GENERATIO 202 LOAD GE 606 LOAD GE 9 LOAD GENE 576 LOAD GE 561 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #561, (1
-ve 0 -3.372 0 -1.112 0 -0.485
478 LOAD GENERATIO 500 LOAD GE 579 LOAD GE 534 LOAD GE 579 LOAD GE 9 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #9, (6 of 21
Total
7133 1040 +ve 0.00 0.92 0.00 8.01 0.00 881.40
-ve 0.00 -813.42 0.00 -1.11 0.00 -0.53
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 3 2412.7 932.00 152.55 157.00


b2 32 3 2412.7 868.00 135.09
836.00 14.535
b3 32 3 2412.7 804.00 117.63
b4 32 3 2412.7 740.00 100.17
9651.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 227.26 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 372.89 mm
Total compression = 1219.50 kN
Total tension = 1219.50 kN
Moment = 881.40 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 152.55 / 200000 = 0.00076


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1000.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 932.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1000.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 372.9 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 627.11 * 627.11 / (3 * 200000 * 9650.97 * 559.11) = 0.00005

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1000*627.11/(0.00076*9650.97*627.11)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00009
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00086
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00080
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 87.86 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 87.86 * 0.0008 / (1 + 2 * 35.86 / 463.11) = 0.183 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1087

Deflection check in serviceability Limit State

Ref. staad file for deflection check at mid span of beam.

Deflection due to all loads except train load


Node L/C X-Trans Y-Trans mm Z-Trans mm Absolute mmX-Rotan rad Y-Rotan rad Z-Rotan rad
1039 1101 0.212 -11.462 -0.003 11.464 0 0 0.001

Deflection due to train load


1039 77 -0.299 -0.085 0.193 0.366 0 0 0

ALL LOADS EXCLUDING TRAIN LOAD


LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 1101
ABSOLUTE DISPLACEMENT = 11.462 mm
TRAIN LOAD
LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 77
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT DUE TO MOVING LOAD = 0.085 mm
TOTAL DEFLECTION = 11.547 mm

ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION = MIN. OF (L/350 OR 20 mm) = 20 mm WHICH IS >11.547 mm


HENCE THE BEAM IS SAFE IN DEFLECTION.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


CB - 73
1089

Beam number = CB73A & CB73B GRID MKD = 4-6


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 40 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 10.95 m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
6179 1044 +ve 0.00 1632.44 0.00 0.00 0.00 4134.45
- 2205 SEISM2306 WIND - 2302 WIND 2205 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2B
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1115.73 0.00 -222.94
- - 2301 WIND 2204 SEISM2305 WIND 2216 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2B
train load Multification factor = 0.00 0.00
6179 1044 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 28.04 0.00 2.03
- - 472 LOAD GE102 LOAD GE 462 LOAD GE 91 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #91, (88 o
-ve 0.00 -23.52 0.00 -39.25 0.00 -140.99
- 647 LOAD GE 618 LOAD GE480 LOAD GE 520 LOAD GE 642 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #642, (2
Total
6179 1044 +ve 0.00 1632.44 0.00 0.00 0.00 4134.45
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1115.73 0.00 -222.94
Span Moment
6188 1046 +ve 0.00 940.52 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
- 2208 SEISMI 2306 WIND - 2305 WIND U -
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1855.65 0.00 -2981.91
- - 2301 WIND 2201 SEISMI 2302 WIND U 2101 NORMAL LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 1.75
6188 1046 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 26.49 0.00 29.73
- - 618 LOAD GEN101 LOAD GEN 592 LOAD GEN99 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #99, (96 of 21
-ve 0.00 -23.54 0.00 -36.20 0.00 -41.08
- 647 LOAD GEN 568 LOAD GEN480 LOAD GEN 438 LOAD GEN614 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #614, (181 o
Total
6188 1046 +ve 0.00 940.52 0.00 0.00 0.00 52.03
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1855.65 0.00 -3053.80
Right Support
6803 1049 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 1282.73 0.00 5518.58
- - 2351 WIND 2204 SEISM2305 WIND 2208 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2B
-ve 0.00 -1825.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 0
- 2101 NORMA 2302 WIND - 2352 WIND -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.75 0.00
6803 1049 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 31.85 0.00 153.296
- - 609 LOAD GE626 LOAD GE 472 LOAD GE 647 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #647, (2
-ve 0.00 -30.32 0.00 -16.79 0.00 -3.087
- 647 LOAD GE 608 LOAD GE160 LOAD GE 557 LOAD GE 369 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #369, (1
Total
6803 1049 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 1282.73 0.00 5518.58
-ve 0.00 -1879.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1090

Beam No.
CB 73A/CB CB 73B MID Remarks
Unit
73B LEFT SPAN CB 73B RIGHT
Width of Beam b 1200 1200 1200
Depth of Beam D 1500 1500 1500
Effective Depth d 1400 1432 1400
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 4134.45 52.03 5518.58
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 4134.45 52.03 5518.58
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 1.76 0.02 2.35
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pt,Lim % 0.43 0.00 0.58
pt2 % 0.00 0.00 0.00
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 0.43 0.00 0.58
d' mm 68.00 68.00 68.00
d'/d mm 0.05 0.05 0.05
fsc N/mm2 424.08 424.25 424.08 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.304 0.304 0.304 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 7172.1 5216.7 9772.9
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at first layer = 9 9 9
Nos. of bars at second layer = 7 0 9
Nos. of bars at third layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 12868 7238 14476
Ast, provided (%) 0.71 0.40 0.80
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 222.94 3053.80 0.00
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 222.94 3053.80 0.00
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.09 1.24 0.00
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.02 0.30 0.00
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.304 0.304 0.304
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 5100.1 5216.7 5100.1
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 9 9 9
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 7238 7238 7238
Ast, provided (%) 0.40 0.40 0.40
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1091

CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]


LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNm
Moment-Y kNmMoment-Z kNm
6179 5000 1044 0 1149.582 0 -621.33 0 2102.721
1045 0 -836.867 0 621.33 0 1757.234
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6179 647 1045 0 23.629 0 37.248 0 48.764

TOTAL
6179 1045 0 1163.76 0 0 0 2131.9794

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
6803 5000 2209 0 -1073.39 0 841.398 0 -780.666
1049 0 1339.289 0 -841.398 0 -3451.18

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6803 647 1049 0 30.161 0 -25.135 0 -152.718

TOTAL
6803 1049 0 -1055.29 0 0 0 -872.2968
0 0 1357.39 0 0 0 -3451.18

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 1632.44 940.52 1879.04
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 1632.44 940.52 1879.04
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 1163.76 1357.39
Mh kN-m 7082.53 7861.81
Ms kN-m 4169.49 4169.49
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 2702.01 2796.00
Shear stress N/mm2 1.608 0.547 1.664
% of tensile steel % 0.766 0.421 0.862
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 0.676 0.554 0.703 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.773 0.769 0.773 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)
Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.522 0.426 0.543
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 12
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 6 6 6
Asv provided mm2 678.6 678.6 678.6
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 614.97 614.97 614.97 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 165.55 471.55 161.74 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 100 150 100
Hence Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1092

Side face Reinforcement


Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 1200 * 1400/100 = 840.0 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 8.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 904.8 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 151.6 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6179 1044 +ve 0 1045.774 0 0 0 1923.386
- 1101 NORMA - - 1101 NORMA1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 0 0 -545.286 0 0
- - 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6179 1044 +ve 0 0 0 28.036 0 2.03
- - 472 LOAD GE 102 LOAD GE 462 LOAD GE 91 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #91, (88 o
-ve 0 -23.52 0 -39.251 0 -140.986
- 647 LOAD GE 618 LOAD GE 480 LOAD GE 520 LOAD GE 642 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #642, (2
Total
6179 1044 +ve 0.00 1045.77 0.00 28.04 0.00 1925.62
-ve 0.00 -25.87 0.00 -584.54 0.00 -155.08
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 9 7238.2 1432.00 120.61 133.00


b2 32 7 5629.7 1368.00 113.21
1400.00 6.452
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
12868.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 380.58 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 390.14 mm
Total compression = 1510.35 kN
Total tension = 1510.35 kN
Moment = 1925.62 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 120.61 / 200000 = 0.00060


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 390.1 mm
Width of section, b = 1200.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 1200 * 1109.86 * 1109.86 / (3 * 200000 * 12867.96 * 1041.86) = 0.00018

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*1200*1500*1109.86/(0.0006*12867.96*1109.86)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00035
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00064
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00046
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 79.11 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1093

Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm


Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 79.11 * 0.00046 / (1 + 2 * 27.11 / 1009.86) = 0.103 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1094

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6188 1046 +ve 0.00 479.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
- 1101 NORMAL
- - - -

-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1203.16 0.00 -1989.02


1101 NORMAL
- - 1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMALLC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6188 1046 +ve 0 0 0 26.491 0 29.731
- - 618 LOAD GE101 LOAD GE 592 LOAD GE99 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #99, (96 o
-ve 0 -23.537 0 -36.198 0 -41.078

- 647 LOAD GE
568 LOAD GE
480 LOAD GE
438 LOAD GE
614 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #614, (1
Total
6188 1046 +ve 0.00 479.85 0.00 26.49 0.00 32.70
-ve 0.00 -25.89 0.00 -1239.36 0.00 -2034.20
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 9 7238.2 1432.00 211.42 133.00


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
1432.00 8.279
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
7238.2
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 389.28 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 308.08 mm
Total compression = 1530.27 kN
Total tension = 1530.27 kN
Moment = 2034.20 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 211.42 / 200000 = 0.00106


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 308.1 mm
Width of section, b = 1200.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 1200 * 1191.92 * 1191.92 / (3 * 200000 * 7238.23 * 1123.92) = 0.00035

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*1200*1500*1191.92/(0.00106*7238.23*1191.92)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00036
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00112
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00077
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 79.11 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 79.11 * 0.00077 / (1 + 2 * 27.11 / 1123.92) = 0.175 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1095

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6803 1049 +ve 0 0 0 742.825 0 3127.396
- - 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 -1218.614 0 0 0 0
- 1101 NORMA - - 1101 NORMA-
TRAIN Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6803 1049 +ve 0 0 0 31.85 0 153.296
- - 609 LOAD GE 626 LOAD GE 472 LOAD GE 647 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #647, (2
-ve 0 -30.318 0 -16.789 0 -3.087
- 647 LOAD GE 608 LOAD GE 160 LOAD GE 557 LOAD GE 369 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #369, (1
Total
6803 1049 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 774.68 0.00 3296.02
-ve 0.00 -1251.96 0.00 -16.79 0.00 -3.40
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 9 7238.2 1432.00 185.85 133.00


b2 32 9 7238.2 1368.00 174.22
1400.00 10.618
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
14476.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 380.58 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 409.09 mm
Total compression = 2606.23 kN
Total tension = 2606.23 kN
Moment = 3296.02 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 185.85 / 200000 = 0.00093


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 409.1 mm
Width of section, b = 1200.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 1200 * 1090.91 * 1090.91 / (3 * 200000 * 14476.46 * 1022.91) = 0.00016

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*1200*1500*1090.91/(0.00093*14476.46*1090.91)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00020
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00099
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00083
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 79.11 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 79.11 * 0.00083 / (1 + 2 * 27.11 / 990.91) = 0.187 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1096

Deflection check in serviceability Limit State

Ref. staad file for deflection check at mid span of beam.

Deflection due to all loads except train load


Node L/C X-Trans Y-Trans mm Z-Trans mm Absolute mmX-Rotan rad Y-Rotan rad Z-Rotan rad
1046 1101 0.156 -3.038 -0.025 3.043 0 0 0.001

Deflection due to train load


1046 542 0.586 -0.113 0.356 0.695 0 0 0

ALL LOADS EXCLUDING TRAIN LOAD


LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 1101
ABSOLUTE DISPLACEMENT = 3.038 mm
TRAIN LOAD
LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 542
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT DUE TO MOVING LOAD = 0.113 mm
TOTAL DEFLECTION = 3.151 mm

ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION = MIN. OF (L/350 OR 20 mm) = 20 mm WHICH IS >3.151 mm


HENCE THE BEAM IS SAFE IN DEFLECTION.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1097

Beam number = CB73C & CB73D GRID MKD = 4-6


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 40 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 10.95 m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
6191 1049 +ve 0.00 2063.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 5791.93
- 2101 NORMA 2301 WIND - 2306 WIND 2205 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2B
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1291.11 0.00 0.00
- - 2306 WIND 2204 SEISM2301 WIND -
train load Multification factor = 1.75 0.00
6191 1049 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 19.64 0.00 0.00
- - 638 LOAD GE160 LOAD GE 575 LOAD GE -
-ve 0.00 -41.20 0.00 -32.28 0.00 -232.19
- 534 LOAD GE 604 LOAD GE455 LOAD GE 491 LOAD GE 534 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #534, (1
Total
6191 1049 +ve 0.00 2063.60 0.00 34.37 0.00 5791.93
-ve 0.00 -72.09 0.00 -1347.60 0.00 0.00
Span Moment
6301 1052 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 2196.88 0.00 0.00
- - 2302 WIND 2201 SEISMI 2305 WIND U -
-ve 0.00 -943.77 0.00 0.00 0.00 -3922.62
- 2208 SEISMI - - 2302 WIND U 2101 NORMAL LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 1.75
6301 1052 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 37.03 0.00 44.41
- - 626 LOAD GEN606 LOAD GEN 529 LOAD GEN338 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #338, (120 o
-ve 0.00 -47.18 0.00 -23.33 0.00 -5.56
- 534 LOAD GEN 573 LOAD GEN61 LOAD GENE 527 LOAD GEN118 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #118, (115 o
Total
6301 1052 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 2261.67 0.00 77.71
-ve 0.00 -943.77 0.00 -40.83 0.00 -3932.35
Right Support
6192 1054 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00
1111.15 0.00 3692.48
- - - 2204 SEISM2305 WIND 2208 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2B
-ve 0.00 -1736.88 0.00 0.00 0.00 -466.791
- 2205 SEISM2302 WIND - 2302 WIND 2213 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2B
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 0.00
6192 1054 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 37.92 0.00 249.825
- - 562 LOAD GE606 LOAD GE 630 LOAD GE 534 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #534, (1
-ve 0.00 -48.24 0.00 -24.98 0.00 0
- 534 LOAD GE 528 LOAD GE101 LOAD GE 605 LOAD GE -
Total
6192 1054 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 1177.52 0.00 3692.48
-ve 0.00 -1736.88 0.00 -43.71 0.00 -466.79

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1098

Beam No.
CB 73C Remarks
Unit
CB 73C LEFT MIDSPAN CB 73C RIGHT
Width of Beam b 1200 1200 1200
Depth of Beam D 1500 1500 1500
Effective Depth d 1400 1400 1400
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 5791.93 77.71 3692.48
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 5791.93 77.71 3692.48
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 2.46 0.03 1.57
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pt,Lim % 0.61 0.01 0.38
pt2 % 0.00 0.00 0.00
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 0.61 0.01 0.38
d' mm 68.00 68.00 68.00
d'/d mm 0.05 0.05 0.05
fsc N/mm2 424.08 424.08 424.08 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.304 0.304 0.304 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 10300.6 5100.1 6365.0
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at first layer = 9 9 9
Nos. of bars at second layer = 9 0 3
Nos. of bars at third layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 14476 7238 9651
Ast, provided (%) 0.80 0.40 0.54
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 0.00 3932.35 466.79
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 0.00 3932.35 466.79
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.00 1.67 0.20
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.00 0.40 0.05
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.304 0.304 0.304
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 5150.3 6801.7 5100.1
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 9 9 9
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 0 5 0
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 7238 11259 7238
Ast, provided (%) 0.40 0.63 0.40
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1099

CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]


LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNm
Moment-Y kNmMoment-Z kNm
6191 5000 1049 0 1167.426 0 -230.269 0 2589.593
2247 0 -897.009 0 230.269 0 1036.274
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6191 534 2247 0 42.917 0 20.329 0 87.031

TOTAL
6191 2247 0 1193.18 0 0 0 2641.8116

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
6192 5000 1053 0 -549.489 0 -74.606 0 -1624.275
1054 0 862.773 0 74.606 0 -1128.201

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6192 534 1054 0 46.252 0 -18.604 0 -246.624

TOTAL
6192 1054 0 -521.74 0 0 0 -1772.2494
0 0 890.52 0 0 0 -1128.201

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 2063.60 943.77 1736.88
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 2063.60 943.77 1736.88
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 1193.18 890.52
Mh kN-m 7861.81 5453.29
Ms kN-m 4169.49 4169.49
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 2423.49 2428.77
Shear stress N/mm2 1.443 0.562 1.446
% of tensile steel % 0.862 0.431 0.574
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 0.703 0.558 0.614 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.773 0.773 0.773 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)
Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.543 0.431 0.475
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 12
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 6 6 6
Asv provided mm2 678.6 678.6 678.6
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 614.97 614.97 614.97 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 189.35 463.73 179.42 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 100 100 100
Hence Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1100

Side face Reinforcement


Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 1200 * 1400/100 = 840.0 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 8.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 904.8 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 151.6 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6191 1049 +ve 0 1377.027 0 0 0 3345.211
- 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - - 1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 0 0 -777.093 0 0
- - - 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA-
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6191 1049 +ve 0 0 0 19.642 0 0
- - 638 LOAD GE 160 LOAD GE 575 LOAD GE -
-ve 0 -41.196 0 -32.281 0 -232.186
- 534 LOAD GE 604 LOAD GE 455 LOAD GE 491 LOAD GE 534 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #534, (1
Total
6191 1049 +ve 0.00 1377.03 0.00 19.64 0.00 3345.21
-ve 0.00 -45.32 0.00 -809.37 0.00 -255.40
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 9 7238.2 1432.00 188.62 133.00


b2 32 9 7238.2 1368.00 176.82
1400.00 10.776
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
14476.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 380.58 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 409.09 mm
Total compression = 2645.13 kN
Total tension = 2645.13 kN
Moment = 3345.21 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 188.62 / 200000 = 0.00094


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 409.1 mm
Width of section, b = 1200.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 1200 * 1090.91 * 1090.91 / (3 * 200000 * 14476.46 * 1022.91) = 0.00016

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*1200*1500*1090.91/(0.00094*14476.46*1090.91)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00020
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00101
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00085
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 79.11 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1101

Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm


Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 79.11 * 0.00085 / (1 + 2 * 27.11 / 990.91) = 0.190 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1102

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6301 1052 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 1422.55 0.00 0.00
- - 1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL
- -

-ve 0.00 -475.84 0.00 0.00 0.00 -2616.15


1101 NORMAL
- 1101 NORMAL
- - 1101 NORMALLC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6301 1052 +ve 0 0 0 37.026 0 44.407
- - 626 LOAD GE606 LOAD GE 529 LOAD GE338 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #338, (1
-ve 0 -47.179 0 -23.33 0 -5.563

- 534 LOAD GE
573 LOAD GE
61 LOAD GEN
527 LOAD GE
118 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #118, (1
Total
6301 1052 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 1459.57 0.00 48.85
-ve 0.00 -527.74 0.00 -23.33 0.00 -2622.27
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 9 7238.2 1432.00 184.96 133.00


b2 32 5 4021.2 1368.00 173.82
1400.00 9.190
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
11259.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 380.58 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 369.54 mm
Total compression = 2037.72 kN
Total tension = 2037.72 kN
Moment = 2622.27 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 184.96 / 200000 = 0.00092


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 369.5 mm
Width of section, b = 1200.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 1200 * 1130.46 * 1130.46 / (3 * 200000 * 11259.47 * 1062.46) = 0.00021

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*1200*1500*1130.46/(0.00092*11259.47*1130.46)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00026
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00098
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00077
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 79.11 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 79.11 * 0.00077 / (1 + 2 * 27.11 / 1030.46) = 0.174 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1103

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6192 1054 +ve 0 0 0 541.238 0 1542.567
- - - 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 -1107.527 0 0 0 0
- 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMA-
TRAIN Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6192 1054 +ve 0 0 0 37.922 0 249.825
- - 562 LOAD GE 606 LOAD GE 630 LOAD GE 534 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #534, (1
-ve 0 -48.239 0 -24.977 0 0
- 534 LOAD GE 528 LOAD GE 101 LOAD GE 605 LOAD GE -
Total
6192 1054 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 579.16 0.00 1817.37
-ve 0.00 -1160.59 0.00 -24.98 0.00 0.00
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 9 7238.2 1432.00 151.03 133.00


b2 32 3 2412.7 1368.00 142.43
1400.00 5.914
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
9651.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 380.58 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 308.08 mm
Total compression = 1093.16 kN
Total tension = 1436.80 kN
Moment = 1817.37 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 151.03 / 200000 = 0.00076


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 308.1 mm
Width of section, b = 1200.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 1200 * 1191.92 * 1191.92 / (3 * 200000 * 9650.97 * 1123.92) = 0.00026

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*1200*1500*1191.92/(0.00076*9650.97*1191.92)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00038
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00080
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00054
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 79.11 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 79.11 * 0.00054 / (1 + 2 * 27.11 / 1091.92) = 0.122 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1104

Deflection check in serviceability Limit State

Ref. staad file for deflection check at mid span of beam.

Deflection due to all loads except train load


Node L/C X-Trans Y-Trans mm Z-Trans mm Absolute mmX-Rotan rad Y-Rotan rad Z-Rotan rad
1052 1101 0.212 -3.733 -0.025 3.739 0 0 0.001

Deflection due to train load


1052 539 0.578 -0.1 0.355 0.686 0 0 0

ALL LOADS EXCLUDING TRAIN LOAD


LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 1101
ABSOLUTE DISPLACEMENT = 3.733 mm
TRAIN LOAD
LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 539
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT DUE TO MOVING LOAD = 0.100 mm
TOTAL DEFLECTION = 3.833 mm

ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION = MIN. OF (L/350 OR 20 mm) = 20 mm WHICH IS >3.833 mm


HENCE THE BEAM IS SAFE IN DEFLECTION.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


CB - 74
1176

Beam number = CB74A GRID MKD =


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 40 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 2.2 m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
6193 1054 +ve 0.00 192.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 358.81
2307 WIND UNLOAD2101 NORMA 2301 WIND - 2306 WIND 2101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -67.38 0.00 0.00
2304 WIND UNLOAD- 2306 WIND 2204 SEISM2301 WIND -
train load Multification factor = 1.75 1.75
6193 1054 +ve 0.00 0.38 0.00 0.89 0.00 0.69
576 LOAD GENERATIO98 LOAD GEN 571 LOAD GE 9 LOAD GENE 213 LOAD GE 100 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #100, (9
-ve 0.00 -1.15 0.00 -1.36 0.00 -2.61
437 LOAD GENERATIO601 LOAD GE 542 LOAD GE 642 LOAD GE 571 LOAD GE 601 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #601, (1
Total
6193 1054 +ve 0.00 192.76 0.00 1.56 0.00 360.01
-ve 0.00 -2.02 0.00 -69.75 0.00 -4.56
Span Moment
6193 2236 +ve 0.00 156.32 0.00 0.00 0.00 207.73
2307 WIND UNLOADE2101 NORMAL 2301 WIND - 2301 WIND U 2101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -67.38 0.00 0.00
2304 WIND UNLOADE- 2306 WIND 2201 SEISMI 2306 WIND U -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.75 1.75
6193 2236 +ve 0.00 0.38 0.00 0.89 0.00 0.08
576 LOAD GENERATION
98 LOAD GENE 571 LOAD GEN9 LOAD GENER 571 LOAD GEN102 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #102, (99 of
-ve 0.00 -1.15 0.00 -1.36 0.00 -0.76
437 LOAD GENERATION
601 LOAD GEN 542 LOAD GEN642 LOAD GEN 492 LOAD GEN583 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #583, (150 o
Total
6193 2236 +ve 0.00 156.98 0.00 1.56 0.00 207.86
-ve 0.00 -2.02 0.00 -69.75 0.00 -1.32
Right Support
6851 2189 +ve 0.00 147.47 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2307 WIND UNLOAD2101 NORMA - - - -
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -67.38 0.00 -16.2
2304 WIND UNLOAD- 2302 WIND 2201 SEISM2302 WIND 2205 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2B
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.75 0.00
6851 2189 +ve 0.00 0.38 0.00 0.89 0.00 0.007
497 LOAD GENERATIO98 LOAD GEN 625 LOAD GE9 LOAD GENE 625 LOAD GE 459 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #459, (2
-ve 0.00 -1.15 0.00 -1.36 0.00 -0.232
577 LOAD GENERATIO601 LOAD GE 436 LOAD GE642 LOAD GE 436 LOAD GE 9 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #9, (6 of 21
Total
6851 2189 +ve 0.00 148.13 0.00 1.56 0.00 0.00
-ve 0.00 -2.02 0.00 -69.75 0.00 -16.20

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1177

Beam No.
at left face of at right face of Remarks
Unit Midspan
column column
Width of Beam b 300 300 300
Depth of Beam D 900 900 900
Effective Depth d 832 832 832
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 360.01 207.86 0.00
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 360.01 207.86 0.00
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 1.73 1.00 0.00
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pt,Lim % 0.42 0.24 0.00
pt2 % 0.00 0.00 0.00
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 0.42 0.24 0.00
d' mm 68.00 68.00 68.00
d'/d mm 0.08 0.08 0.08
fsc N/mm2 417.37 417.37 417.37 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.304 0.304 0.304 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 1050.0 757.7 757.7
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at first layer = 2 2 2
Nos. of bars at second layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at third layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 1608 1608 1608
Ast, provided (%) 0.60 0.60 0.60
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 4.56 1.32 16.20
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 4.56 1.32 16.20
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.02 0.01 0.08
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.01 0.00 0.02
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.304 0.304 0.304
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 757.7 757.7 757.7
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 2 2 2
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 1608 1608 1608
Ast, provided (%) 0.60 0.60 0.60
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1178

CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]


LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y kNmMoment-Z kNm
6193 5000 1054 0 142.969 0 -43.78 0 268.127
2236 0 -117.471 0 43.78 0 -54.377
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6193 601 2236 0 1.154 0 1.286 0 0.732

TOTAL
6193 2236 0 143.66 0 0 0 268.5662

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
6851 5000 2236 0 117.471 0 -43.78 0 54.377
2189 0 -110.889 0 43.78 0 10.863

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6851 601 2189 0 1.154 0 1.286 0 0.07

TOTAL
6851 2189 0 118.16 0 0 0 54.419
0 0 -110.20 0 0 0 10.863

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 192.76 156.98 148.13
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 192.76 156.98 148.13
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 143.66 118.16
Mh kN-m 535.02 535.02
Ms kN-m 535.02 535.02
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 824.59 799.10
Shear stress N/mm2 3.304 0.629 3.202
% of tensile steel % 0.644 0.644 0.644
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 0.638 0.638 0.638 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.880 0.880 0.880 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)
Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.562 0.562 0.562
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 12
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 2 2 2
Asv provided mm2 226.2 226.2 226.2
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 819.96 819.96 819.96 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 104.39 702.14 107.90 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 100 100 100
Hence Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1179

Side face Reinforcement


Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 300 * 832/100 = 124.8 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 4.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 452.4 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 152.8 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6193 1054 +ve 0 128.072 0 0 0 239.224
- 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - - 1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 0 0 -38.578 0 0
1101 NORMAL LC1 - - 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA-
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6193 1054 +ve 0 0.378 0 0.893 0 0.686
576 LOAD GENERATIO 98 LOAD GEN 571 LOAD GE 9 LOAD GENE 213 LOAD GE 100 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #100, (9
-ve 0 -1.154 0 -1.358 0 -2.608
437 LOAD GENERATIO 601 LOAD GE 542 LOAD GE 642 LOAD GE 571 LOAD GE 601 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #601, (1
Total
6193 1054 +ve 0.00 128.49 0.00 0.89 0.00 239.98
-ve 0.00 -1.27 0.00 -39.94 0.00 -2.87
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 2 1608.5 832.00 196.24 164.00


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
832.00 9.780
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
1608.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 226.17 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 215.18 mm
Total compression = 315.65 kN
Total tension = 315.65 kN
Moment = 239.98 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 196.24 / 200000 = 0.00098


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 900.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 832.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 900.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 215.2 mm
Width of section, b = 300.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 300 * 684.82 * 684.82 / (3 * 200000 * 1608.5 * 616.82) = 0.00024

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*300*900*684.82/(0.00098*1608.5*684.82)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00026
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00109
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00085
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 90.53 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1180

Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm


Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 90.53 * 0.00085 / (1 + 2 * 38.53 / 616.82) = 0.196 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1181

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6193 2236 +ve 0.00 104.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 187.89
1101 NORMAL
- 1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL
- 1101 NORMALLC1

-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -38.58 0.00 0.00


1101 NORMAL LC1 - - 1101 NORMAL - -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6193 2236 +ve 0 0.378 0 0.893 0 0.076
576 LOAD GENERATIO
98 LOAD GEN 571 LOAD GE9 LOAD GENE 571 LOAD GE102 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #102, (9
-ve 0 -1.154 0 -1.358 0 -0.755

437 LOAD GENERATIO


601 LOAD GE
542 LOAD GE
642 LOAD GE
492 LOAD GE
583 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #583, (1
Total
6193 2236 +ve 0.00 104.63 0.00 0.89 0.00 187.97
-ve 0.00 -1.27 0.00 -39.94 0.00 -0.83
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 2 1608.5 832.00 0.68 164.00


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
832.00 0.034
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
1608.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 226.17 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 215.18 mm
Total compression = 1.09 kN
Total tension = 1.09 kN
Moment = 0.83 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 0.68 / 200000 = 0.00000


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 900.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 832.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 900.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 215.2 mm
Width of section, b = 300.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 300 * 684.82 * 684.82 / (3 * 200000 * 1608.5 * 616.82) = 0.00024

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*300*900*684.82/(0*1608.5*684.82)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.07514
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00000
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00000
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 90.53 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 90.53 * 0 / (1 + 2 * 38.53 / 616.82) = 0.000 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1182

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6851 2189 +ve 0 98.319 0 0 0 0
- 1101 NORMA - - - -
-ve 0 0 0 -38.578 0 -9.58
1101 NORMAL LC1 - 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA1101 NORMAL LC1
TRAIN Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6851 2189 +ve 0 0.378 0 0.893 0 0.007
497 LOAD GENERATIO 98 LOAD GEN 625 LOAD GE 9 LOAD GENE 625 LOAD GE 459 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #459, (2
-ve 0 -1.154 0 -1.358 0 -0.232
577 LOAD GENERATIO 601 LOAD GE 436 LOAD GE 642 LOAD GE 436 LOAD GE 9 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #9, (6 of 21
Total
6851 2189 +ve 0.00 98.73 0.00 0.89 0.00 0.01
-ve 0.00 -1.27 0.00 -39.94 0.00 -9.84
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 2 1608.5 832.00 0.01 164.00


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
832.00 0.000
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
1608.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 226.17 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 215.18 mm
Total compression = 0.01 kN
Total tension = 0.01 kN
Moment = 0.01 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 0.01 / 200000 = 0.00000


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 900.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 832.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 900.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 215.2 mm
Width of section, b = 300.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 300 * 684.82 * 684.82 / (3 * 200000 * 1608.5 * 616.82) = 0.00024

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*300*900*684.82/(0*1608.5*684.82)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 8.10433
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00000
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00000
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 90.53 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 90.53 * 0 / (1 + 2 * 38.53 / 616.82) = 0.000 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1183

Deflection check in serviceability Limit State

Ref. staad file for deflection check at mid span of beam.

Deflection due to all loads except train load


Node L/C X-Trans Y-Trans mm Z-Trans mm Absolute mmX-Rotan rad Y-Rotan rad Z-Rotan rad
1054 1101 0.231 -1.544 -0.025 1.562 0 0 0

Deflection due to train load


1054 589 0.58 -0.038 0.358 0.682 0 0 0

ALL LOADS EXCLUDING TRAIN LOAD


LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 1101
ABSOLUTE DISPLACEMENT = 1.544 mm
TRAIN LOAD
LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 589
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT DUE TO MOVING LOAD = 0.038 mm
TOTAL DEFLECTION = 1.582 mm

ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION = MIN. OF (L/350 OR 20 mm) = 6.29 mm WHICH IS >1.582 mm


HENCE THE BEAM IS SAFE IN DEFLECTION.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


CB - 75
1185

Beam number = CB75A & CB75B GRID MKD = 2-4


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 40 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 10.95 m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
6183 1058 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.87 0.00 408.65
- - 2301 WIND 2258 SEISM2302 WIND 2101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0.00 -200.41 0.00 -4.21 0.00 0.00
- 2101 NORMA - 2213 SEISM2305 WIND -
train load Multification factor = 1.75 1.75
6183 1058 +ve 0.00 0.98 0.00 0.17 0.00 1.17
- 434 LOAD GE 548 LOAD GE101 LOAD GE 541 LOAD GE 101 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #101, (9
-ve 0.00 -0.41 0.00 -0.61 0.00 -2.83
- 101 LOAD GE 574 LOAD GE606 LOAD GE 483 LOAD GE 434 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #434, (1
Total
6183 1058 +ve 0.00 1.72 0.00 8.18 0.00 410.69
-ve 0.00 -201.13 0.00 -5.28 0.00 -4.96
Span Moment
6210 2210 +ve 0.01 0.00 0.02 18.77 0.04 0.00
2303 WIND UNLOADE- 2301 WIND 2204 SEISMI 2301 WIND U -
-ve -0.01 -71.75 -0.02 0.00 -0.04 -279.06
2304 WIND UNLOADE2101 NORMAL 2302 WIND - 2302 WIND U 2101 NORMAL LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.75 1.75
6210 2210 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.31 0.00 3.05
477 LOAD GENERATION
- 459 LOAD GEN183 LOAD GEN 605 LOAD GEN470 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #470, (37 of
-ve 0.00 -1.01 0.00 -0.19 0.00 -0.64
465 LOAD GENERATION
647 LOAD GEN 531 LOAD GEN516 LOAD GEN 629 LOAD GEN332 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #332, (114 o
Total
6210 2210 +ve 0.01 0.00 0.02 19.30 0.04 5.33
-ve -0.01 -73.51 -0.02 -0.33 -0.04 -280.18
Right Support
6804 1061 +ve 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.04 690.19
2304 WIND UNLOAD- 2302 WIND - 2302 WIND 2101 NORMAL LC1
-ve -0.01 -405.90 -0.02 -43.73 -0.04 0
2303 WIND UNLOAD2101 NORMA 2301 WIND 2101 NORMA 2301 WIND -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.75 1.75
6804 1061 +ve 0.00 0.78 0.00 0.15 0.00 3.646
281 LOAD GENERATIO 538 LOAD GE 531 LOAD GE 181 LOAD GE 531 LOAD GE 434 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #434, (1
-ve 0.00 -0.80 0.00 -0.38 0.00 -1.691
507 LOAD GENERATIO 172 LOAD GE 640 LOAD GE 480 LOAD GE 459 LOAD GE 332 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #332, (1
Total
6804 1061 +ve 0.01 1.36 0.02 0.27 0.04 696.57
-ve -0.01 -407.29 -0.02 -44.40 -0.04 -2.96

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1186

Beam No.
CB75A/CB75 CB75B Remarks
Unit
B LEFT MIDSPAN CB75B RIGHT
Width of Beam b 450 450 450
Depth of Beam D 750 750 750
Effective Depth d 682 682 650
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 410.69 5.33 696.57
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 410.69 5.33 696.57
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 1.96 0.03 3.66
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pt,Lim % 0.48 0.01 0.96
pt2 % 0.00 0.00 0.00
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 0.48 0.01 0.96
d' mm 68.00 68.00 68.00
d'/d mm 0.10 0.10 0.10
fsc N/mm2 412.54 412.54 411.07 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.304 0.304 0.304 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 1472.8 931.7 2798.4
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at first layer = 4 4 4
Nos. of bars at second layer = 0 0 2
Nos. of bars at third layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 3217 3217 4825
Ast, provided (%) 0.95 0.95 1.43
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 4.96 280.18 2.96
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 4.96 280.18 2.96
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.02 1.34 0.02
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.01 0.32 0.00
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.304 0.304 0.304
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 931.7 983.9 1399.2
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 4 4 4
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 3217 3217 3217
Ast, provided (%) 0.95 0.95 0.95
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1187

CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]


LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y kNmMoment-Z kNm
6203 5000 1058 0 157.953 0 46.593 0 254.664
1059 0 -31.667 0 -46.593 0 112.251
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6203 434 1059 0 1.697 0 0.223 0 0.295

TOTAL
6203 1059 0 158.97 0 0 0 254.841

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
6804 5000 2210 0 -69.082 0 -28.966 0 -140.07
1061 0 288.103 0 28.966 0 -485.898

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6804 172 1061 0 0.798 0 -0.144 0 -3.025

TOTAL
6804 1061 0 -68.60 0 0 0 -141.885
0 0 288.58 0 0 0 -485.898

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 201.13 73.51 407.29
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 201.13 73.51 407.29
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 158.97 288.58
Mh kN-m 828.71 1081.64
Ms kN-m 828.71 783.93
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 403.22 494.76
Shear stress N/mm2 1.314 0.240 1.691
% of tensile steel % 1.048 1.048 1.650
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 0.750 0.750 0.873 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.925 0.925 0.937 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)
Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.694 0.694 0.817
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 12
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 2 2 2
Asv provided mm2 226.2 226.2 226.2
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 546.64 546.64 546.64 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 214.48 -3987.74 171.62 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 100 150 100
Hence Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1188

Side face Reinforcement


Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 450 * 682/100 = 153.5 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 3.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 339.3 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 153.5 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6183 1058 +ve 0 0 0 5.003 0 272.357
- - 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 -133.583 0 0 0 0
- 1101 NORMA - - - -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6183 1058 +ve 0 0.982 0 0.174 0 1.17
- 434 LOAD GE 548 LOAD GE 101 LOAD GE 541 LOAD GE 101 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #101, (9
-ve 0 -0.412 0 -0.611 0 -2.833
- 101 LOAD GE 574 LOAD GE 606 LOAD GE 483 LOAD GE 434 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #434, (1
Total
6183 1058 +ve 0.00 1.08 0.00 5.18 0.00 273.64
-ve 0.00 -134.04 0.00 -0.61 0.00 -3.12
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 682.00 139.44 104.67


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
682.00 9.232
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
3217.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 185.40 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 215.97 mm
Total compression = 448.59 kN
Total tension = 448.59 kN
Moment = 273.64 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 139.44 / 200000 = 0.00070


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 750.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 682.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 750.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 216.0 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 534.03 * 534.03 / (3 * 200000 * 3216.99 * 466.03) = 0.00014

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*750*534.03/(0.0007*3216.99*534.03)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00023
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00080
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00066
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1189

Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm


Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00066 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 466.03) = 0.128 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1190

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6210 2210 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.43 0.00 0.00
- - 1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL-

-ve 0.00 -47.89 0.00 0.00 0.00 -186.02


1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL LC1 1101 NORMAL
- - - LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6210 2210 +ve 0 0 0 0.307 0 3.046
477 LOAD GENERATIO
- 459 LOAD GE183 LOAD GE 605 LOAD GE470 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #470, (3
-ve 0 -1.009 0 -0.19 0 -0.639

465 LOAD GENERATIO


647 LOAD GE
531 LOAD GE
516 LOAD GE
629 LOAD GE
332 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #332, (1
Total
6210 2210 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.73 0.00 3.35
-ve 0.00 -49.00 0.00 -0.19 0.00 -186.72
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 682.00 95.15 104.67


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
682.00 6.299
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
3217.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 185.40 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 215.97 mm
Total compression = 306.09 kN
Total tension = 306.09 kN
Moment = 186.72 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 95.15 / 200000 = 0.00048


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 750.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 682.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 750.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 216.0 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 534.03 * 534.03 / (3 * 200000 * 3216.99 * 466.03) = 0.00014

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*750*534.03/(0.00048*3216.99*534.03)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00034
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00055
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00040
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.0004 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 466.03) = 0.078 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1191

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6804 1061 +ve 0 0 0 0 0 455.876
1101 NORMAL LC1 - - - - 1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 -267.105 0 -28.915 0 0
- 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA-
TRAIN Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6804 1061 +ve 0 0.776 0 0.153 0 3.646
281 LOAD GENERATIO 538 LOAD GE 531 LOAD GE 181 LOAD GE 531 LOAD GE 434 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #434, (1
-ve 0 -0.798 0 -0.38 0 -1.691
507 LOAD GENERATIO 172 LOAD GE 640 LOAD GE 480 LOAD GE 459 LOAD GE 332 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #332, (1
Total
6804 1061 +ve 0.00 0.85 0.00 0.15 0.00 459.89
-ve 0.00 -267.98 0.00 -29.30 0.00 -1.86
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 682.00 172.83 104.67


b2 32 2 1608.5 618.00 147.30
650.00 14.171
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
4825.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 176.70 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 248.69 mm
Total compression = 792.94 kN
Total tension = 792.94 kN
Moment = 459.89 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 172.83 / 200000 = 0.00086


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 750.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 682.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 750.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 248.7 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 501.31 * 501.31 / (3 * 200000 * 4825.49 * 433.31) = 0.00009

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*750*501.31/(0.00086*4825.49*501.31)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00012
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00100
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00091
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00091 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 401.31) = 0.175 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1192

Deflection check in serviceability Limit State

Ref. staad file for deflection check at mid span of beam.

Deflection due to all loads except train load


Node L/C X-Trans Y-Trans mm Z-Trans mm Absolute mmX-Rotan rad Y-Rotan rad Z-Rotan rad
2210 1101 0.169 -6.701 -0.042 6.703 -0.001 0 -0.002

Deflection due to train load


2210 541 0.584 -0.251 0.358 0.729 0 0 0

ALL LOADS EXCLUDING TRAIN LOAD


LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 1101
ABSOLUTE DISPLACEMENT = 6.701 mm
TRAIN LOAD
LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 541
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT DUE TO MOVING LOAD = 0.251 mm
TOTAL DEFLECTION = 6.952 mm

ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION = MIN. OF (L/350 OR 20 mm) = 20 mm WHICH IS >6.952 mm


HENCE THE BEAM IS SAFE IN DEFLECTION.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1193

Beam number = CB75C GRID MKD = 4-6


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 40 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 10.95 m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
6230 1061 +ve 0.00 449.61 0.00 83.01 0.00 792.91
2304 WIND UNLOAD2101 NORMA 2304 WIND 2101 NORMA 2303 WIND 2101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2303 WIND UNLOAD- 2303 WIND - 2304 WIND -
train load Multification factor = 1.75 1.75
6230 1061 +ve 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.34 0.00 0.00
625 LOAD GENERATIO168 LOAD GE 567 LOAD GE 599 LOAD GE 547 LOAD GE -
-ve 0.00 -2.37 0.00 -0.15 0.00 -10.72
516 LOAD GENERATIO544 LOAD GE 480 LOAD GE 29 LOAD GEN 567 LOAD GE 537 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #537, (1
Total
6230 1061 +ve 0.00 449.69 0.00 83.61 0.00 792.91
-ve 0.00 -4.14 0.00 -0.26 0.00 -18.76
Span Moment
6769 1063 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.26 0.00 0.00
2304 WIND UNLOADE- 2303 WIND 2208 SEISMI 2303 WIND U -
-ve 0.00 -126.45 0.00 0.00 0.00 -449.75
2303 WIND UNLOADE2101 NORMAL 2304 WIND - 2304 WIND U 2101 NORMAL LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.75 1.75
6769 1063 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.49 0.00 3.50
635 LOAD GENERATION
- 547 LOAD GEN565 LOAD GEN 547 LOAD GEN591 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #591, (158 o
-ve 0.00 -1.75 0.00 -0.12 0.00 -0.53
464 LOAD GENERATION
537 LOAD GEN 567 LOAD GEN193 LOAD GEN 567 LOAD GEN123 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #123, (120 o
Total
6769 1063 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.12 0.00 6.12
-ve 0.00 -129.51 0.00 -0.20 0.00 -450.67
Right Support
6251 1064 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 335.20
2304 WIND UNLOAD- 2303 WIND - 2303 WIND 2101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0.00 -267.03 0.00 -99.81 0.00 0
2303 WIND UNLOAD2101 NORMA 2304 WIND 2101 NORMA 2304 WIND -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.75 1.75
6251 1064 +ve 0.00 0.32 0.00 0.06 0.00 4.877
486 LOAD GENERATIO642 LOAD GE 519 LOAD GE50 LOAD GEN 552 LOAD GE 536 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #536, (1
-ve 0.00 -1.35 0.00 -0.35 0.00 0
609 LOAD GENERATIO63 LOAD GEN 518 LOAD GE592 LOAD GE 518 LOAD GE -
Total
6251 1064 +ve 0.00 0.57 0.00 0.11 0.00 343.73
-ve 0.00 -269.39 0.00 -100.42 0.00 0.00

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1194

Beam No.
CB 75C Remarks
Unit
CB 75C LEFT MIDSPAN CB 75C RIGHT
Width of Beam b 450 450 450
Depth of Beam D 750 750 750
Effective Depth d 650 682 682
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 792.91 6.12 343.73
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 792.91 6.12 343.73
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 4.17 0.03 1.64
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pt,Lim % 1.11 0.01 0.40
pt2 % 0.00 0.00 0.00
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 1.11 0.01 0.40
d' mm 68.00 68.00 68.00
d'/d mm 0.10 0.10 0.10
fsc N/mm2 411.07 412.54 412.54 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.304 0.304 0.304 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 3258.1 931.7 1219.3
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at first layer = 4 4 4
Nos. of bars at second layer = 2 0 0
Nos. of bars at third layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 4825 3217 3217
Ast, provided (%) 1.43 0.95 0.95
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 18.76 450.67 0.00
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 18.76 450.67 0.00
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.10 2.15 0.00
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.02 0.53 0.00
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.304 0.304 0.304
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 1629.1 1627.0 931.7
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 25 25 25
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 4 4 4
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 3217 3217 3217
Ast, provided (%) 0.95 0.95 0.95
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1195

CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]


LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y kNmMoment-Z kNm
6230 5000 1061 0 326.169 0 63.353 0 572.585
2196 0 -107.148 0 -63.353 0 186.803
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6230 544 2196 0 2.365 0 -0.192 0 2.385

TOTAL
6230 2196 0 327.59 0 0 0 574.016

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
6251 5000 1063 0 -62.474 0 -74.848 0 -248.938
1064 0 189.014 0 74.848 0 -238.319

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6251 63 1064 0 1.348 0 -0.023 0 -4.74

TOTAL
6251 1064 0 -61.67 0 0 0 -251.782
0 0 189.82 0 0 0 -238.319

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 449.69 129.51 269.39
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 449.69 129.51 269.39
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 327.59 189.82
Mh kN-m 1081.64 828.71
Ms kN-m 783.93 828.71
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 533.77 434.07
Shear stress N/mm2 1.825 0.422 1.414
% of tensile steel % 1.650 1.048 1.048
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 0.873 0.750 0.750 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.937 0.925 0.925 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)
Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.817 0.694 0.694
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 12
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 2 2 2
Asv provided mm2 226.2 226.2 226.2
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 546.64 546.64 546.64 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 155.36 1713.37 195.23 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 100 150 100
Hence Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1196

Side face Reinforcement


Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 450 * 650/100 = 146.3 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 3.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 339.3 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 153.5 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6230 1061 +ve 0 297.672 0 55.721 0 527.63
1101 NORMAL LC1 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 0 0 0 0 0
- - - - 1101 NORMA-
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6230 1061 +ve 0 0.049 0 0.338 0 0
625 LOAD GENERATIO 168 LOAD GE 567 LOAD GE 599 LOAD GE 547 LOAD GE -
-ve 0 -2.365 0 -0.149 0 -10.721
516 LOAD GENERATIO 544 LOAD GE 480 LOAD GE 29 LOAD GEN 567 LOAD GE 537 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #537, (1
Total
6230 1061 +ve 0.00 297.73 0.00 56.06 0.00 527.63
-ve 0.00 -2.60 0.00 -0.15 0.00 -11.79
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 682.00 198.29 104.67


b2 32 2 1608.5 618.00 169.00
650.00 16.258
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
4825.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 176.70 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 248.69 mm
Total compression = 909.74 kN
Total tension = 909.74 kN
Moment = 527.63 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 198.29 / 200000 = 0.00099


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 750.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 682.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 750.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 248.7 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 501.31 * 501.31 / (3 * 200000 * 4825.49 * 433.31) = 0.00009

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*750*501.31/(0.00099*4825.49*501.31)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00011
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00115
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00106
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1197

Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm


Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00106 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 401.31) = 0.193 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1198

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6769 1063 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.52 0.00 0.00
1101 NORMAL LC1 - - 1101 NORMAL
- -

-ve 0.00 -84.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 -300.00


1101 NORMAL
- 1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL
- 1101 NORMALLC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6769 1063 +ve 0 0 0 0.491 0 3.498
635 LOAD GENERATIO
- 547 LOAD GE565 LOAD GE 547 LOAD GE591 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #591, (1
-ve 0 -1.747 0 -0.116 0 -0.526

464 LOAD GENERATIO


537 LOAD GE
567 LOAD GE
193 LOAD GE
567 LOAD GE
123 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #123, (1
Total
6769 1063 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.02 0.00 3.85
-ve 0.00 -86.17 0.00 -0.12 0.00 -300.58
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 682.00 153.17 104.67


b2 25 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
682.00 10.140
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
3217.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 185.40 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 215.97 mm
Total compression = 492.74 kN
Total tension = 492.74 kN
Moment = 300.58 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 153.17 / 200000 = 0.00077


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 750.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 682.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 750.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 216.0 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 534.03 * 534.03 / (3 * 200000 * 3216.99 * 466.03) = 0.00014

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*750*534.03/(0.00077*3216.99*534.03)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00021
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00088
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00073
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00073 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 466.03) = 0.143 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1199

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6251 1064 +ve 0 0 0 0 0 223.239
- - 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMA1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 -177.975 0 -66.525 0 0
1101 NORMAL LC1 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMA - -
TRAIN Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6251 1064 +ve 0 0.324 0 0.061 0 4.877
486 LOAD GENERATIO 642 LOAD GE 519 LOAD GE 50 LOAD GEN 552 LOAD GE 536 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #536, (1
-ve 0 -1.348 0 -0.351 0 0
609 LOAD GENERATIO 63 LOAD GEN 518 LOAD GE 592 LOAD GE 518 LOAD GE -
Total
6251 1064 +ve 0.00 0.36 0.00 0.06 0.00 228.60
-ve 0.00 -179.46 0.00 -66.88 0.00 0.00
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 682.00 116.49 104.67


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
682.00 7.712
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
3217.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 185.40 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 215.97 mm
Total compression = 374.75 kN
Total tension = 374.75 kN
Moment = 228.60 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 116.49 / 200000 = 0.00058


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 750.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 682.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 750.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 216.0 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 534.03 * 534.03 / (3 * 200000 * 3216.99 * 466.03) = 0.00014

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*750*534.03/(0.00058*3216.99*534.03)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00027
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00067
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00052
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00052 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 466.03) = 0.102 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1200

Deflection check in serviceability Limit State

Ref. staad file for deflection check at mid span of beam.

Deflection due to all loads except train load


Node L/C X-Trans Y-Trans mm Z-Trans mm Absolute mmX-Rotan rad Y-Rotan rad Z-Rotan rad
1063 1101 0.215 -8.924 -0.042 8.926 -0.001 0 -0.002

Deflection due to train load


1063 542 0.578 -0.183 0.358 0.704 0 0 0

ALL LOADS EXCLUDING TRAIN LOAD


LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 1101
ABSOLUTE DISPLACEMENT = 8.924 mm
TRAIN LOAD
LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 542
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT DUE TO MOVING LOAD = 0.183 mm
TOTAL DEFLECTION = 9.107 mm

ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION = MIN. OF (L/350 OR 20 mm) = 20 mm WHICH IS >9.107 mm


HENCE THE BEAM IS SAFE IN DEFLECTION.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


CB - 76
1202

Beam number = CB76A & CB76B GRID MKD = 2-4


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 40 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 13.99 m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
6204 1068 +ve 0.00 337.69 0.00 36.90 0.00 595.40
- 2101 NORMA - 2101 NORMA 2301 WIND 2101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
- - 2301 WIND - 2306 WIND -
train load Multification factor = 1.75 1.75
6204 1068 +ve 0.00 0.18 0.00 0.10 0.00 1.46
- 103 LOAD GE 602 LOAD GE118 LOAD GE 497 LOAD GE 103 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #103, (1
-ve 0.00 -0.99 0.00 -0.33 0.00 -4.76
- 434 LOAD GE 630 LOAD GE380 LOAD GE 517 LOAD GE 434 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #434, (1
Total
6204 1068 +ve 0.00 337.99 0.00 37.07 0.00 597.96
-ve 0.00 -1.73 0.00 -0.57 0.00 -8.34
Span Moment
6211 2211 +ve 0.05 0.00 0.05 3.14 0.08 0.00
2304 WIND UNLOADE- 2301 WIND 2204 SEISMI 2301 WIND U -
-ve -0.05 -68.59 -0.05 -0.12 -0.08 -438.30
2303 WIND UNLOADE2101 NORMAL 2302 WIND 2209 SEISMI 2302 WIND U 2101 NORMAL LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.75 1.75
6211 2211 +ve 0.00 0.16 0.00 0.26 0.00 2.50
456 LOAD GENERATION
103 LOAD GEN 646 LOAD GEN162 LOAD GEN 646 LOAD GEN434 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #434, (1 of 2
-ve 0.00 -0.92 0.00 -0.28 0.00 -0.81
124 LOAD GENERATION
434 LOAD GEN 553 LOAD GEN378 LOAD GEN 553 LOAD GEN327 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #327, (109 o
Total
6211 2211 +ve 0.05 0.28 0.05 3.59 0.08 4.37
-ve -0.05 -70.20 -0.05 -0.61 -0.08 -439.72
Right Support
6805 1071 +ve 0.05 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.08 1028.18
2303 WIND UNLOAD- 2302 WIND - 2302 WIND 2101 NORMAL LC1
-ve -0.05 -555.46 -0.04 -18.24 -0.08 0
2304 WIND UNLOAD2101 NORMA 2301 WIND 2101 NORMA 2301 WIND -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.75 1.75
6805 1071 +ve 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.21 0.00 4.725
467 LOAD GENERATIO 103 LOAD GE 531 LOAD GE 164 LOAD GE 531 LOAD GE 434 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #434, (1
-ve 0.00 -0.65 0.00 -0.29 0.00 -0.913
456 LOAD GENERATIO 434 LOAD GE 605 LOAD GE 486 LOAD GE 459 LOAD GE 332 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #332, (1
Total
6805 1071 +ve 0.05 0.17 0.04 0.37 0.08 1036.45
-ve -0.05 -556.60 -0.04 -18.75 -0.08 -1.60

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1203

Beam No.
CB76A/CB76 CB76B Remarks
Unit
B LEFT MIDSPAN CB76B RIGHT
Width of Beam b 450 450 450
Depth of Beam D 750 750 750
Effective Depth d 682 682 586
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 597.96 4.37 1036.45
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 597.96 4.37 1036.45
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 2.86 0.02 6.71
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Doubly
pt,Lim % 0.72 0.00 1.51
pt2 % 0.00 0.00 0.38
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 0.72 0.00 1.88
d' mm 68.00 68.00 68.00
d'/d mm 0.10 0.10 0.12
fsc N/mm2 412.54 412.54 407.42 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.00 0.00 0.40
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.304 0.304 0.304 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 2215.6 1242.2 4968.6
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at first layer = 4 4 4
Nos. of bars at second layer = 0 0 4
Nos. of bars at third layer = 0 0 4
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 0 0 2
Ast,Provided 3217 3217 11259
Ast, provided (%) 0.95 0.95 3.34
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 8.34 439.72 1.60
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 8.34 439.72 1.60
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.04 2.10 0.01
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.01 0.52 0.00
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.00 0.00 0.40
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.304 0.304 0.304
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 1242.2 1584.5 2484.3
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 25 25 25
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 4 4 4
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 3217 3217 3217
Ast, provided (%) 0.95 0.95 0.95
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1204

CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]


LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y kNmMoment-Z kNm
6204 5000 1068 0 231.46 0 26.129 0 414.428
1069 0 -106.415 0 -26.129 0 239.361
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6204 434 1069 0 1.077 0 0.122 0 0.783

TOTAL
6204 1069 0 232.11 0 0 0 414.8978

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
6805 5000 2211 0 -170.284 0 -11.901 0 -267.92
1071 0 396.345 0 11.901 0 -725.096

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6805 434 1071 0 0.652 0 0.143 0 -4.725

TOTAL
6805 1071 0 -169.89 0 0 0 -270.755
0 0 396.74 0 0 0 -725.096

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 337.99 70.20 556.60
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 337.99 70.20 556.60
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 232.11 396.74
Mh kN-m 828.71 822.09
Ms kN-m 828.71 694.37
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 397.30 549.15
Shear stress N/mm2 1.295 0.229 2.111
% of tensile steel % 1.048 1.048 4.270
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 0.750 0.750 1.198 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.925 0.925 0.961 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)
Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.694 0.694 1.152
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 12
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 2 2 2
Asv provided mm2 226.2 226.2 226.2
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 546.64 546.64 546.64 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 218.61 -3331.54 160.90 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 100 150 100
Hence Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1205

Side face Reinforcement


Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 450 * 682/100 = 153.5 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 3.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 339.3 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 153.5 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6204 1068 +ve 0 225.081 0 24.58861 0 396.7157
- 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 0 0 0 0 0
- - 1101 NORMA - - -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6204 1068 +ve 0 0.175 0 0.099 0 1.464
- 103 LOAD GE 602 LOAD GE 118 LOAD GE 497 LOAD GE 103 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #103, (1
-ve 0 -0.989 0 -0.326 0 -4.764
- 434 LOAD GE 630 LOAD GE 380 LOAD GE 517 LOAD GE 434 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #434, (1
Total
6204 1068 +ve 0.00 225.27 0.00 24.69 0.00 398.33
-ve 0.00 -1.09 0.00 -0.33 0.00 -5.24
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 682.00 202.98 104.67


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
682.00 13.438
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
3217.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 185.40 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 215.97 mm
Total compression = 652.98 kN
Total tension = 652.98 kN
Moment = 398.33 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 202.98 / 200000 = 0.00101


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 750.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 682.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 750.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 216.0 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 534.03 * 534.03 / (3 * 200000 * 3216.99 * 466.03) = 0.00014

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*750*534.03/(0.00101*3216.99*534.03)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00016
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00116
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00102
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1206

Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm


Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00102 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 466.03) = 0.195 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1207

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6211 2211 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.75 0.00 0.00
- - 1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL-

-ve 0.00 -45.78 0.00 0.00 0.00 -292.00


1101 NORMAL
- 1101 NORMAL
- - - LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6211 2211 +ve 0 0.161 0 0.256 0 2.499
456 LOAD GENERATIO
103 LOAD GE 646 LOAD GE162 LOAD GE 646 LOAD GE434 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #434, (1
-ve 0 -0.919 0 -0.282 0 -0.81

124 LOAD GENERATIO


434 LOAD GE
553 LOAD GE
378 LOAD GE
553 LOAD GE
327 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #327, (1
Total
6211 2211 +ve 0.00 0.18 0.00 1.01 0.00 2.75
-ve 0.00 -46.79 0.00 -0.28 0.00 -292.89
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 682.00 149.25 104.67


b2 25 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
682.00 9.881
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
3217.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 185.40 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 215.97 mm
Total compression = 480.14 kN
Total tension = 480.14 kN
Moment = 292.89 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 149.25 / 200000 = 0.00075


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 750.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 682.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 750.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 216.0 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 534.03 * 534.03 / (3 * 200000 * 3216.99 * 466.03) = 0.00014

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*750*534.03/(0.00075*3216.99*534.03)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00021
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00086
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00071
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00071 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 466.03) = 0.139 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1208

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6805 1071 +ve 0 0 0 0 0 685.7
- - - - - 1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 -368.936 0 -11.83 0 0
- 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA-
TRAIN Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6805 1071 +ve 0 0.099 0 0.212 0 4.725
467 LOAD GENERATIO 103 LOAD GE 531 LOAD GE 164 LOAD GE 531 LOAD GE 434 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #434, (1
-ve 0 -0.652 0 -0.293 0 -0.913
456 LOAD GENERATIO 434 LOAD GE 605 LOAD GE 486 LOAD GE 459 LOAD GE 332 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #332, (1
Total
6805 1071 +ve 0.00 0.11 0.00 0.21 0.00 690.90
-ve 0.00 -369.65 0.00 -12.12 0.00 -1.00
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 682.00 155.20 104.67


b2 32 4 3217.0 618.00 128.10
586.00 19.089
b3 32 4 3217.0 554.00 101.00
b4 32 2 1608.5 490.00 73.89
11259.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 159.30 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 315.52 mm
Total compression = 1355.14 kN
Total tension = 1355.14 kN
Moment = 690.90 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 155.2 / 200000 = 0.00078


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 750.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 682.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 750.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 315.5 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 434.48 * 434.48 / (3 * 200000 * 11259.47 * 366.48) = 0.00003

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*750*434.48/(0.00078*11259.47*434.48)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00006
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00092
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00089
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00089 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 270.48) = 0.164 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1209

Deflection check in serviceability Limit State

Ref. staad file for deflection check at mid span of beam.

Deflection due to all loads except train load


Node L/C X-Trans Y-Trans mm Z-Trans mm Absolute mmX-Rotan rad Y-Rotan rad Z-Rotan rad
2211 1101 0.169 -10.894 -0.056 10.895 -0.001 0 -0.001

Deflection due to train load


2211 541 0.584 -0.24 0.36 0.727 0 0 0

ALL LOADS EXCLUDING TRAIN LOAD


LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 1101
ABSOLUTE DISPLACEMENT = 10.894 mm
TRAIN LOAD
LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 541
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT DUE TO MOVING LOAD = 0.240 mm
TOTAL DEFLECTION = 11.134 mm

ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION = MIN. OF (L/350 OR 20 mm) = 20 mm WHICH IS >11.134 mm


HENCE THE BEAM IS SAFE IN DEFLECTION.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1210

Beam number = CB76C GRID MKD = 4-6


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 40 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 10.95 m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
6240 1071 +ve 0.15 657.15 0.00 43.07 0.01 1281.76
2304 WIND UNLOAD2101 NORMA 2303 WIND 2201 SEISM2304 WIND 2101 NORMAL LC1
-ve -0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.01 0.00
2303 WIND UNLOAD- 2304 WIND - 2303 WIND -
train load Multification factor = 1.75 1.75
6240 1071 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.36 0.00 0.00
478 LOAD GENERATIO - 524 LOAD GE 594 LOAD GE 630 LOAD GE -
-ve 0.00 -1.36 0.00 -0.13 0.00 -7.67
557 LOAD GENERATIO 543 LOAD GE 630 LOAD GE 162 LOAD GE 620 LOAD GE 539 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #539, (1
Total
6240 1071 +ve 0.15 657.15 0.00 43.70 0.01 1281.76
-ve -0.15 -2.37 0.00 -0.23 -0.01 -13.43
Span Moment
6770 1073 +ve 0.13 0.00 0.01 11.04 0.01 0.00
2304 WIND UNLOADE- 2303 WIND 2101 NORMAL 2303 WIND U -
-ve -0.13 -110.89 -0.01 0.00 -0.01 -698.00
2303 WIND UNLOADE2205 SEISMI 2304 WIND - 2304 WIND U 2101 NORMAL LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 1.75
6770 1073 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.24 0.00 1.81
594 LOAD GENERATION
- 619 LOAD GEN378 LOAD GEN 619 LOAD GEN334 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #334, (116 o
-ve 0.00 -1.14 0.00 -0.21 0.00 -0.48
481 LOAD GENERATION
539 LOAD GEN 470 LOAD GEN164 LOAD GEN 470 LOAD GEN125 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #125, (122 o
Total
6770 1073 +ve 0.13 0.00 0.01 11.46 0.01 3.17
-ve -0.13 -110.89 -0.01 -0.37 -0.01 -698.83
Right Support
6252 1074 +ve 0.11 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.02 666.52
2304 WIND UNLOAD- 2303 WIND - 2303 WIND 2101 NORMAL LC1
-ve -0.11 -436.20 -0.01 -40.48 -0.02 0
2303 WIND UNLOAD2101 NORMA 2304 WIND 2205 SEISM2304 WIND -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.75 1.75
6252 1074 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.00 4.263
451 LOAD GENERATIO - 454 LOAD GE 57 LOAD GEN 603 LOAD GE 539 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #539, (1
-ve 0.00 -0.88 0.00 -0.44 0.00 0
483 LOAD GENERATIO 105 LOAD GE 543 LOAD GE 595 LOAD GE 543 LOAD GE -
Total
6252 1074 +ve 0.11 0.00 0.01 0.36 0.02 673.98
-ve -0.11 -437.73 -0.01 -41.25 -0.02 0.00

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1211

Beam No.
CB 76C Remarks
Unit
CB 76C LEFT MIDSPAN CB 76C RIGHT
Width of Beam b 450 450 450
Depth of Beam D 750 750 750
Effective Depth d 586 650 650
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 1281.76 3.17 673.98
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 1281.76 3.17 673.98
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 8.29 0.02 3.54
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Doubly Singly Singly
pt,Lim % 1.51 0.00 0.92
pt2 % 0.81 0.00 0.00
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 2.32 0.00 0.92
d' mm 68.00 68.00 68.00
d'/d mm 0.12 0.10 0.10
fsc N/mm2 407.42 411.07 411.07 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.86 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.304 0.304 0.304 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 6107.1 1526.8 2694.0
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at first layer = 4 4 4
Nos. of bars at second layer = 4 0 2
Nos. of bars at third layer = 4 0 0
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 2 0 0
Ast,Provided 11259 3217 4825
Ast, provided (%) 3.34 0.95 1.43
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 13.43 698.83 0.00
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 13.43 698.83 0.00
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.09 3.68 0.00
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.02 0.96 0.00
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.86 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.304 0.304 0.304
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 3053.6 2808.9 1526.8
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 4 4 4
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 0 2 0
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 3217 4825 3217
Ast, provided (%) 0.95 1.43 0.95
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1212

CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]


LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y kNmMoment-Z kNm
6240 5000 1071 0 495.334 0 32.15 0 953.982
2197 0 -265.98 0 -32.15 0 380.221
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6240 543 2197 0 1.356 0 -0.251 0 2.904

TOTAL
6240 2197 0 496.15 0 0 0 955.7244

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
6252 5000 1073 0 -192.768 0 -31.352 0 -496.537
1074 0 318.052 0 31.352 0 -493.178

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6252 105 1074 0 0.878 0 -0.037 0 -3.082

TOTAL
6252 1074 0 -192.24 0 0 0 -498.3862
0 0 318.58 0 0 0 -493.178

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 657.15 110.89 437.73
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 657.15 110.89 437.73
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 496.15 318.58
Mh kN-m 822.09 1081.64
Ms kN-m 694.37 783.93
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 723.22 523.91
Shear stress N/mm2 2.743 0.379 1.791
% of tensile steel % 4.270 1.100 1.650
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 1.198 0.763 0.873 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.961 0.937 0.937 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)
Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 1.152 0.714 0.817
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 12
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 2 2 2
Asv provided mm2 226.2 226.2 226.2
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 546.64 546.64 546.64 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 109.83 3362.94 159.17 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 100 150 100
Hence Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1213

Side face Reinforcement


Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 450 * 586/100 = 131.9 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 3.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 339.3 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 153.5 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6240 1071 +ve 0 440.836 0 26.635 0 854.5
1101 NORMAL LC1 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 0 0 0 0 0
- - - - 1101 NORMA-
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6240 1071 +ve 0 0 0 0.364 0 0
478 LOAD GENERATIO - 524 LOAD GE 594 LOAD GE 630 LOAD GE -
-ve 0 -1.356 0 -0.133 0 -7.674
557 LOAD GENERATIO 543 LOAD GE 630 LOAD GE 162 LOAD GE 620 LOAD GE 539 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #539, (1
Total
6240 1071 +ve 0.00 440.84 0.00 27.00 0.00 854.50
-ve 0.00 -1.49 0.00 -0.13 0.00 -8.44
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 682.00 191.95 104.67


b2 32 4 3217.0 618.00 158.43
586.00 23.609
b3 32 4 3217.0 554.00 124.91
b4 32 2 1608.5 490.00 91.39
11259.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 159.30 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 315.52 mm
Total compression = 1676.03 kN
Total tension = 1676.03 kN
Moment = 854.50 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 191.95 / 200000 = 0.00096


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 750.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 682.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 750.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 315.5 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 434.48 * 434.48 / (3 * 200000 * 11259.47 * 366.48) = 0.00003

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*750*434.48/(0.00096*11259.47*434.48)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00005
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00114
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00110
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1214

Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm


Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.0011 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 270.48) = 0.194 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1215

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6770 1073 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.36 0.00 0.00
- - - 1101 NORMAL
- -

-ve 0.00 -69.57 0.00 0.00 0.00 -465.00


1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL LC1 1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL
- 1101 NORMALLC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6770 1073 +ve 0 0 0 0.241 0 1.814
594 LOAD GENERATIO
- 619 LOAD GE378 LOAD GE 619 LOAD GE334 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #334, (1
-ve 0 -1.142 0 -0.212 0 -0.475

481 LOAD GENERATIO


539 LOAD GE
470 LOAD GE
164 LOAD GE
470 LOAD GE
125 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #125, (1
Total
6770 1073 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.60 0.00 2.00
-ve 0.00 -70.83 0.00 -0.21 0.00 -465.52
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 682.00 174.95 104.67


b2 32 2 1608.5 618.00 149.11
650.00 14.344
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
4825.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 176.70 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 248.69 mm
Total compression = 802.65 kN
Total tension = 802.65 kN
Moment = 465.52 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 174.95 / 200000 = 0.00087


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 750.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 682.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 750.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 248.7 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 501.31 * 501.31 / (3 * 200000 * 4825.49 * 433.31) = 0.00009

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*750*501.31/(0.00087*4825.49*501.31)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00012
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00101
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00092
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00092 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 401.31) = 0.177 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1216

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6252 1074 +ve 0 0 0 0 0 443
1101 NORMAL LC1 - 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMA1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 -290.759 0 -26.414 0 0
- 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMA - -
TRAIN Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6252 1074 +ve 0 0 0 0.203 0 4.263
451 LOAD GENERATIO - 454 LOAD GE 57 LOAD GEN 603 LOAD GE 539 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #539, (1
-ve 0 -0.878 0 -0.441 0 0
483 LOAD GENERATIO 105 LOAD GE 543 LOAD GE 595 LOAD GE 543 LOAD GE -
Total
6252 1074 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.00 447.69
-ve 0.00 -291.72 0.00 -26.86 0.00 0.00
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 682.00 168.25 104.67


b2 32 2 1608.5 618.00 143.40
650.00 13.795
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
4825.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 176.70 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 248.69 mm
Total compression = 771.91 kN
Total tension = 771.91 kN
Moment = 447.69 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 168.25 / 200000 = 0.00084


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 750.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 682.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 750.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 248.7 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 501.31 * 501.31 / (3 * 200000 * 4825.49 * 433.31) = 0.00009

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*750*501.31/(0.00084*4825.49*501.31)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00013
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00097
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00088
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00088 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 401.31) = 0.170 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1217

Deflection check in serviceability Limit State

Ref. staad file for deflection check at mid span of beam.

Deflection due to all loads except train load


Node L/C X-Trans Y-Trans mm Z-Trans mm Absolute mmX-Rotan rad Y-Rotan rad Z-Rotan rad
1073 1101 0.215 -14.843 -0.056 14.845 -0.001 0 -0.001

Deflection due to train load


1073 542 0.578 -0.192 0.36 0.707 0 0 0

ALL LOADS EXCLUDING TRAIN LOAD


LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 1101
ABSOLUTE DISPLACEMENT = 14.843 mm
TRAIN LOAD
LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 542
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT DUE TO MOVING LOAD = 0.192 mm
TOTAL DEFLECTION = 15.035 mm

ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION = MIN. OF (L/350 OR 20 mm) = 20 mm WHICH IS >15.035 mm


HENCE THE BEAM IS SAFE IN DEFLECTION.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


CB - 76/1
1219

Beam number = CB76'A & CB76'B GRID MKD = 2-4


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 40 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 13.99 m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
6824 2216 +ve 4.04 355.67 0.01 0.00 0.01 583.97
2303 WIND UNLOAD2101 NORMA 2302 WIND - 2303 WIND 2101 NORMAL LC1
-ve -4.04 0.00 -0.01 -6.42 -0.01 0.00
2304 WIND UNLOAD- 2301 WIND 2101 NORMA 2304 WIND -
train load Multification factor = 1.75 1.75
6824 2216 +ve 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.14 0.00 0.97
606 LOAD GENERATIO 325 LOAD GE 512 LOAD GE 273 LOAD GE 13 LOAD GEN 104 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #104, (1
-ve 0.00 -0.83 0.00 -0.28 0.00 -4.16
491 LOAD GENERATIO 434 LOAD GE 13 LOAD GEN 379 LOAD GE 512 LOAD GE 434 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #434, (1
Total
6824 2216 +ve 4.04 355.76 0.01 0.24 0.01 585.67
-ve -4.04 -1.45 -0.01 -6.91 -0.01 -7.28
Span Moment
6825 2217 +ve 3.67 63.01 0.06 0.00 0.09 0.00
2303 WIND UNLOADE2101 NORMAL 2301 WIND - 2302 WIND U -
-ve -3.67 0.00 -0.06 -17.45 -0.09 -460.79
2304 WIND UNLOADE- 2302 WIND 2208 SEISMI 2301 WIND U 2101 NORMAL LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.75 1.75
6825 2217 +ve 0.00 0.16 0.00 0.15 0.00 1.06
518 LOAD GENERATION
104 LOAD GEN 646 LOAD GEN275 LOAD GEN 531 LOAD GEN118 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #118, (115 o
-ve 0.00 -0.97 0.00 -0.25 0.00 -1.31
521 LOAD GENERATION
434 LOAD GEN 531 LOAD GEN377 LOAD GEN 459 LOAD GEN306 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #306, (88 of
Total
6825 2217 +ve 3.67 63.30 0.06 0.26 0.09 1.86
-ve -3.67 -1.69 -0.06 -17.88 -0.09 -463.08
Right Support
6831 2218 +ve 3.49 0.00 0.07 7.55 0.12 1045.03
2303 WIND UNLOAD- 2302 WIND 2101 NORMA 2302 WIND 2101 NORMAL LC1
-ve -3.49 -548.04 -0.07 -0.29 -0.12 0
2304 WIND UNLOAD2101 NORMA 2301 WIND 2213 SEISM2301 WIND -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.75 1.75
6831 2218 +ve 0.00 0.30 0.00 0.20 0.00 5.83
476 LOAD GENERATIO 118 LOAD GE 553 LOAD GE 161 LOAD GE 597 LOAD GE 434 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #434, (1
-ve 0.00 -1.03 0.00 -0.11 0.00 -0.447
613 LOAD GENERATIO 434 LOAD GE 464 LOAD GE 58 LOAD GEN 464 LOAD GE 104 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #104, (1
Total
6831 2218 +ve 3.49 0.53 0.07 7.90 0.12 1055.24
-ve -3.49 -549.85 -0.07 -0.49 -0.12 -0.78

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1220

Beam No.
CB76/1A- Remarks
Unit CB76/1B CB76/1B CB76/1B
LEFT MIDSPAN RIGHT
Width of Beam b 450 450 450
Depth of Beam D 750 750 750
Effective Depth d 650 682 586
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 585.67 1.86 1055.24
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 585.67 1.86 1055.24
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 3.08 0.01 6.83
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Doubly
pt,Lim % 0.79 0.00 1.51
pt2 % 0.00 0.00 0.41
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 0.79 0.00 1.92
d' mm 68.00 68.00 68.00
d'/d mm 0.10 0.10 0.12
fsc N/mm2 411.07 412.54 407.42 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.00 0.00 0.44
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.304 0.304 0.304 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 2296.9 1264.0 5055.8
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at first layer = 4 4 4
Nos. of bars at second layer = 2 0 4
Nos. of bars at third layer = 0 0 4
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 0 0 2
Ast,Provided 4825 3217 11259
Ast, provided (%) 1.43 0.95 3.34
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 7.28 463.08 0.78
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 7.28 463.08 0.78
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.04 2.21 0.01
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.01 0.55 0.00
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.00 0.00 0.44
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.304 0.304 0.304
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 1264.0 1675.3 2527.9
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 4 4 4
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 0 0 2
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 3217 3217 4825
Ast, provided (%) 0.95 0.95 1.43
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1221

CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]


LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNm Moment-Y kNmMoment-Z kNm
6824 5000 2216 0 246.649 0 -4.064 0 411.036
2217 0 -121.605 0 4.064 0 301.536
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6824 434 2217 0 0.828 0 0.1 0 0.956

TOTAL
6824 2217 0 247.15 0 0 0 411.6096

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
6831 5000 2224 0 -174.026 0 4.468 0 -248.948
2218 0 392.772 0 -4.468 0 -744.364

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6831 434 2218 0 1.034 0 -0.032 0 -5.83

TOTAL
6831 2218 0 -173.41 0 0 0 -252.446
0 0 393.39 0 0 0 -744.364

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 355.76 63.30 549.85
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 355.76 63.30 549.85
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 247.15 393.39
Mh kN-m 1081.64 822.09
Ms kN-m 783.93 947.29
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 407.86 596.43
Shear stress N/mm2 1.394 0.206 2.262
% of tensile steel % 1.650 1.048 4.270
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 0.873 0.750 1.198 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.937 0.925 0.961 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)
Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.817 0.694 1.152
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 12
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 2 2 2
Asv provided mm2 226.2 226.2 226.2
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 546.64 546.64 546.64 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 223.81 -2481.48 144.81 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 100 150 100
Hence Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1222

Side face Reinforcement


Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 450 * 650/100 = 146.3 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 3.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 339.3 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 153.5 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6824 2216 +ve 0 237.067 0 0 0 389.099
1101 NORMAL LC1 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - - 1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 0 0 -4.282 0 0
- - - 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA-
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6824 2216 +ve 0 0.05 0 0.139 0 0.972
606 LOAD GENERATIO 325 LOAD GE 512 LOAD GE 273 LOAD GE 13 LOAD GEN 104 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #104, (1
-ve 0 -0.828 0 -0.282 0 -4.159
491 LOAD GENERATIO 434 LOAD GE 13 LOAD GEN 379 LOAD GE 512 LOAD GE 434 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #434, (1
Total
6824 2216 +ve 0.00 237.12 0.00 0.14 0.00 390.17
-ve 0.00 -0.91 0.00 -4.56 0.00 -4.57
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 682.00 146.63 104.67


b2 32 2 1608.5 618.00 124.97
650.00 12.022
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
4825.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 176.70 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 248.69 mm
Total compression = 672.73 kN
Total tension = 672.73 kN
Moment = 390.17 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 146.63 / 200000 = 0.00073


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 750.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 682.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 750.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 248.7 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 501.31 * 501.31 / (3 * 200000 * 4825.49 * 433.31) = 0.00009

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*750*501.31/(0.00073*4825.49*501.31)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00015
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00085
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00076
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1223

Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm


Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00076 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 401.31) = 0.146 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1224

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6825 2217 +ve 0.00 41.96 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
- 1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL
- - -

-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -10.86 0.00 -307.15


1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL LC1 - - 1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMALLC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6825 2217 +ve 0 0.163 0 0.148 0 1.064
518 LOAD GENERATIO
104 LOAD GE 646 LOAD GE275 LOAD GE 531 LOAD GE118 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #118, (1
-ve 0 -0.966 0 -0.248 0 -1.307

521 LOAD GENERATIO


434 LOAD GE
531 LOAD GE
377 LOAD GE
459 LOAD GE
306 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #306, (8
Total
6825 2217 +ve 0.00 42.14 0.00 0.15 0.00 1.17
-ve 0.00 -1.06 0.00 -11.11 0.00 -308.59
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 682.00 157.25 104.67


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
682.00 10.411
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
3217.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 185.40 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 215.97 mm
Total compression = 505.88 kN
Total tension = 505.88 kN
Moment = 308.59 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 157.25 / 200000 = 0.00079


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 750.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 682.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 750.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 216.0 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 534.03 * 534.03 / (3 * 200000 * 3216.99 * 466.03) = 0.00014

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*750*534.03/(0.00079*3216.99*534.03)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00020
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00090
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00076
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00076 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 466.03) = 0.148 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1225

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6831 2218 +ve 0 0 0 5.033 0 696.978
1101 NORMAL LC1 - - 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 -365.404 0 0 0 0
- 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMA-
TRAIN Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6831 2218 +ve 0 0.302 0 0.199 0 5.83
476 LOAD GENERATIO 118 LOAD GE 553 LOAD GE 161 LOAD GE 597 LOAD GE 434 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #434, (1
-ve 0 -1.034 0 -0.112 0 -0.447
613 LOAD GENERATIO 434 LOAD GE 464 LOAD GE 58 LOAD GEN 464 LOAD GE 104 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #104, (1
Total
6831 2218 +ve 0.00 0.33 0.00 5.23 0.00 703.39
-ve 0.00 -366.54 0.00 -0.11 0.00 -0.49
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 682.00 158.01 104.67


b2 32 4 3217.0 618.00 130.42
586.00 19.434
b3 32 4 3217.0 554.00 102.82
b4 32 2 1608.5 490.00 75.23
11259.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 159.30 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 315.52 mm
Total compression = 1379.64 kN
Total tension = 1379.64 kN
Moment = 703.39 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 158.01 / 200000 = 0.00079


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 750.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 682.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 750.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 315.5 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 434.48 * 434.48 / (3 * 200000 * 11259.47 * 366.48) = 0.00003

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*750*434.48/(0.00079*11259.47*434.48)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00006
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00094
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00090
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.0009 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 270.48) = 0.167 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1226

Deflection check in serviceability Limit State

Ref. staad file for deflection check at mid span of beam.

Deflection due to all loads except train load


Node L/C X-Trans Y-Trans mm Z-Trans mm Absolute mmX-Rotan rad Y-Rotan rad Z-Rotan rad
2224 1101 0.169 -11.138 -0.07 11.139 -0.001 0 0.001

Deflection due to train load


2224 541 0.584 -0.18 0.361 0.71 0 0 0

ALL LOADS EXCLUDING TRAIN LOAD


LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 1101
ABSOLUTE DISPLACEMENT = 11.138 mm
TRAIN LOAD
LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 541
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT DUE TO MOVING LOAD = 0.180 mm
TOTAL DEFLECTION = 11.318 mm

ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION = MIN. OF (L/350 OR 20 mm) = 20 mm WHICH IS >11.318 mm


HENCE THE BEAM IS SAFE IN DEFLECTION.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1227

Beam number = CB76'C GRID MKD = 4-6


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 40 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 10.95 m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
6826 2218 +ve 0.28 681.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 1358.79
2303 WIND UNLOAD2101 NORMA 2301 WIND - 2302 WIND 2101 NORMAL LC1
-ve -0.28 0.00 0.00 -16.71 0.00 0.00
2304 WIND UNLOAD- 2302 WIND 2101 NORMA 2301 WIND -
train load Multification factor = 1.75 1.75
6826 2218 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.28 0.00 0.00
569 LOAD GENERATIO - 457 LOAD GE 594 LOAD GE 459 LOAD GE -
-ve 0.00 -0.84 0.00 -0.11 0.00 -6.04
624 LOAD GENERATIO 112 LOAD GE 638 LOAD GE 275 LOAD GE 457 LOAD GE 539 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #539, (1
Total
6826 2218 +ve 0.28 681.70 0.00 0.49 0.00 1358.79
-ve -0.28 -1.47 0.00 -16.89 0.00 -10.57
Span Moment
6830 2219 +ve 0.24 0.00 0.00 8.86 0.00 0.00
2303 WIND UNLOADE- 2302 WIND 2208 SEISMI 2304 WIND U -
-ve -0.24 -114.32 0.00 0.00 0.00 -729.55
2304 WIND UNLOADE2205 SEISMI 2301 WIND - 2303 WIND U 2101 NORMAL LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 1.75
6830 2219 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.16 0.00 1.02
624 LOAD GENERATION
- 638 LOAD GEN59 LOAD GENE 638 LOAD GEN319 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #319, (101 o
-ve 0.00 -0.95 0.00 -0.23 0.00 -0.38
464 LOAD GENERATION
539 LOAD GEN 582 LOAD GEN162 LOAD GEN 582 LOAD GEN606 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #606, (173 o
Total
6830 2219 +ve 0.24 0.00 0.00 9.15 0.00 1.78
-ve -0.24 -114.32 0.00 -0.40 0.00 -730.22
Right Support
6827 2220 +ve 0.20 0.00 0.00 35.14 0.00 677.28
2303 WIND UNLOAD- 2304 WIND 2101 NORMA 2304 WIND 2101 NORMAL LC1
-ve -0.20 -448.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0
2304 WIND UNLOAD2101 NORMA 2303 WIND - 2303 WIND -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.75 1.75
6827 2220 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.24 0.00 4.51
579 LOAD GENERATIO - 593 LOAD GE59 LOAD GEN 593 LOAD GE 539 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #539, (1
-ve 0.00 -1.11 0.00 -0.47 0.00 0
501 LOAD GENERATIO 540 LOAD GE 629 LOAD GE601 LOAD GE 629 LOAD GE -
Total
6827 2220 +ve 0.20 0.00 0.00 35.56 0.00 685.17
-ve -0.20 -450.27 0.00 -0.82 0.00 0.00

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1228

Beam No.
CB76/1C CB76/1C Remarks
Unit
LEFT Midspan CB76/1C right
Width of Beam b 450 450 450
Depth of Beam D 750 750 750
Effective Depth d 586 650 650
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 1358.79 1.78 685.17
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 1358.79 1.78 685.17
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 8.79 0.01 3.60
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Doubly Singly Singly
pt,Lim % 1.51 0.00 0.94
pt2 % 0.94 0.00 0.00
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 2.45 0.00 0.94
d' mm 68.00 68.00 68.00
d'/d mm 0.12 0.10 0.10
fsc N/mm2 407.42 411.07 411.07 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 1.01 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.304 0.304 0.304 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 6464.6 1616.2 2745.5
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at first layer = 4 4 4
Nos. of bars at second layer = 4 0 2
Nos. of bars at third layer = 4 0 0
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 2 0 0
Ast,Provided 11259 3217 4825
Ast, provided (%) 3.34 0.95 1.43
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 10.57 730.22 0.00
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 10.57 730.22 0.00
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.07 3.84 0.00
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.02 1.01 0.00
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 1.01 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.304 0.304 0.304
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 3232.3 2956.2 1616.2
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 4 4 4
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 2 2 0
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 4825 4825 3217
Ast, provided (%) 1.43 1.43 0.95
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1229

CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]


LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y kNmMoment-Z kNm
6826 5000 2218 0 516.382 0 -11.897 0 1021.383
2223 0 -294.344 0 11.897 0 399.414
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6826 112 2223 0 0.842 0 0.018 0 2.856

TOTAL
6826 2223 0 516.89 0 0 0 1023.0966

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
6827 5000 2219 0 -205.126 0 25.487 0 -528.732
2220 0 330.41 0 -25.487 0 -508.869

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6827 540 2220 0 1.109 0 0.268 0 -4.509

TOTAL
6827 2220 0 -204.46 0 0 0 -531.4374
0 0 331.08 0 0 0 -508.869

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 681.70 114.32 450.27
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 681.70 114.32 450.27
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 516.89 331.08
Mh kN-m 822.09 1081.64
Ms kN-m 947.29 783.93
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 776.29 536.41
Shear stress N/mm2 2.944 0.391 1.834
% of tensile steel % 4.270 1.100 1.650
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 1.198 0.763 0.873 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.961 0.937 0.937 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)
Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 1.152 0.714 0.817
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 12
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 2 2 2
Asv provided mm2 226.2 226.2 226.2
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 546.64 546.64 546.64 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 99.75 2850.23 154.37 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 100 150 100
Hence Hence Not O.K.Hence O.K. Hence O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1230

Side face Reinforcement


Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 450 * 586/100 = 131.9 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 3.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 339.3 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 153.5 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6826 2218 +ve 0 454.509 0 0 0 906.127
1101 NORMAL LC1 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - - 1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 0 0 -11.139 0 0
- - - 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA-
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6826 2218 +ve 0 0 0 0.281 0 0
569 LOAD GENERATIO - 457 LOAD GE 594 LOAD GE 459 LOAD GE -
-ve 0 -0.842 0 -0.105 0 -6.038
624 LOAD GENERATIO 112 LOAD GE 638 LOAD GE 275 LOAD GE 457 LOAD GE 539 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #539, (1
Total
6826 2218 +ve 0.00 454.51 0.00 0.28 0.00 906.13
-ve 0.00 -0.93 0.00 -11.24 0.00 -6.64
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 682.00 203.55 89.71


b2 32 4 3217.0 618.00 168.00
586.00 25.035
b3 32 4 3217.0 554.00 132.46
b4 32 2 1608.5 490.00 96.91
11259.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 159.30 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 315.52 mm
Total compression = 1777.29 kN
Total tension = 1777.29 kN
Moment = 906.13 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 203.55 / 200000 = 0.00102


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 750.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 682.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 750.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 315.5 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 434.48 * 434.48 / (3 * 200000 * 11259.47 * 366.48) = 0.00003

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*750*434.48/(0.00102*11259.47*434.48)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00004
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00121
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00117
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 65.46 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1231

Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm


Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 65.46 * 0.00117 / (1 + 2 * 13.46 / 270.48) = 0.199 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1232

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6830 2219 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.41 0.00 0.00
- - - 1101 NORMAL
- -

-ve 0.00 -65.61 0.00 0.00 0.00 -486.34


1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL LC1 1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL
- 1101 NORMALLC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6830 2219 +ve 0 0 0 0.163 0 1.017
624 LOAD GENERATIO
- 638 LOAD GE59 LOAD GEN 638 LOAD GE319 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #319, (1
-ve 0 -0.953 0 -0.23 0 -0.381

464 LOAD GENERATIO


539 LOAD GE
582 LOAD GE
162 LOAD GE
582 LOAD GE
606 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #606, (1
Total
6830 2219 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.57 0.00 1.12
-ve 0.00 -66.66 0.00 -0.23 0.00 -486.76
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 682.00 182.93 89.71


b2 32 2 1608.5 618.00 155.91
650.00 14.999
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
4825.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 176.70 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 248.69 mm
Total compression = 839.27 kN
Total tension = 839.27 kN
Moment = 486.76 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 182.93 / 200000 = 0.00091


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 750.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 682.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 750.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 248.7 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 501.31 * 501.31 / (3 * 200000 * 4825.49 * 433.31) = 0.00009

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*750*501.31/(0.00091*4825.49*501.31)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00012
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00106
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00097
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 65.46 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 65.46 * 0.00097 / (1 + 2 * 13.46 / 401.31) = 0.178 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1233

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6827 2220 +ve 0 0 0 23.425 0 451.348
1101 NORMAL LC1 - 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 -298.851 0 0 0 0
- 1101 NORMA - - - -
TRAIN Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6827 2220 +ve 0 0 0 0.244 0 4.51
579 LOAD GENERATIO - 593 LOAD GE 59 LOAD GEN 593 LOAD GE 539 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #539, (1
-ve 0 -1.109 0 -0.467 0 0
501 LOAD GENERATIO 540 LOAD GE 629 LOAD GE 601 LOAD GE 629 LOAD GE -
Total
6827 2220 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 23.67 0.00 456.31
-ve 0.00 -300.07 0.00 -0.47 0.00 0.00
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 682.00 171.49 89.71


b2 32 2 1608.5 618.00 146.16
650.00 14.061
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
4825.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 176.70 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 248.69 mm
Total compression = 786.77 kN
Total tension = 786.77 kN
Moment = 456.31 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 171.49 / 200000 = 0.00086


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 750.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 682.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 750.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 248.7 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 501.31 * 501.31 / (3 * 200000 * 4825.49 * 433.31) = 0.00009

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*750*501.31/(0.00086*4825.49*501.31)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00012
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00099
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00090
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 65.46 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 65.46 * 0.0009 / (1 + 2 * 13.46 / 401.31) = 0.166 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1234

Deflection check in serviceability Limit State

Ref. staad file for deflection check at mid span of beam.

Deflection due to all loads except train load


Node L/C X-Trans Y-Trans mm Z-Trans mm Absolute mmX-Rotan rad Y-Rotan rad Z-Rotan rad
2219 1101 0.215 -15.795 -0.07 15.796 -0.001 0 0.001

Deflection due to train load


2219 542 0.578 -0.144 0.362 0.697 0 0 0

ALL LOADS EXCLUDING TRAIN LOAD


LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 1101
ABSOLUTE DISPLACEMENT = 15.795 mm
TRAIN LOAD
LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 542
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT DUE TO MOVING LOAD = 0.144 mm
TOTAL DEFLECTION = 15.939 mm

ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION = MIN. OF (L/350 OR 20 mm) = 20 mm WHICH IS >15.939 mm


HENCE THE BEAM IS SAFE IN DEFLECTION.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


CB - 77
1236

Beam number = CB77A GRID MKD = 2-4


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 40 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 10.95 m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
6205 1092 +ve 0.71 263.82 0.05 0.00 0.13 339.50
2303 WIND UNLOAD2101 NORMA 2304 WIND - 2303 WIND 2101 NORMAL LC1
-ve -0.71 0.00 -0.05 -66.69 -0.13 0.00
2304 WIND UNLOAD- 2303 WIND 2101 NORMA 2304 WIND -
train load Multification factor = 1.75 1.75
6205 1092 +ve 0.00 0.18 0.00 0.11 0.00 0.00
487 LOAD GENERATIO 281 LOAD GE 496 LOAD GE 267 LOAD GE 60 LOAD GEN -
-ve 0.00 -0.72 0.00 -0.23 0.00 -3.52
604 LOAD GENERATIO 434 LOAD GE 186 LOAD GE 623 LOAD GE 450 LOAD GE 434 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #434, (1
Total
6205 1092 +ve 0.71 264.14 0.05 0.18 0.13 339.50
-ve -0.71 -1.26 -0.05 -67.09 -0.13 -6.16
Span Moment
6212 1093 +ve 0.05 113.06 0.09 0.00 0.16 0.00
2304 WIND UNLOADE2101 NORMAL 2301 WIND - 2302 WIND U -
-ve -0.05 0.00 -0.09 -17.51 -0.16 -400.00
2303 WIND UNLOADE- 2302 WIND 2204 SEISMI 2301 WIND U 2101 NORMAL LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.75 1.75
6212 1093 +ve 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.28 0.00 1.07
507 LOAD GENERATION
119 LOAD GEN 459 LOAD GEN516 LOAD GEN 593 LOAD GEN118 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #118, (115 o
-ve 0.00 -0.98 0.00 -0.33 0.00 -1.28
564 LOAD GENERATION
434 LOAD GEN 553 LOAD GEN29 LOAD GENE 459 LOAD GEN338 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #338, (120 o
Total
6212 1093 +ve 0.05 113.07 0.09 0.49 0.16 1.87
-ve -0.05 -1.72 -0.09 -18.09 -0.16 -402.23
Right Support
6806 1096 +ve 0.05 0.00 0.10 35.04 0.17 760.11
2303 WIND UNLOAD- 2302 WIND 2101 NORMA 2302 WIND 2101 NORMAL LC1
-ve -0.05 -353.46 -0.10 0.00 -0.17 0
2304 WIND UNLOAD2101 NORMA 2301 WIND - 2301 WIND -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.75 1.75
6806 1096 +ve 0.00 0.61 0.00 0.40 0.00 6.791
564 LOAD GENERATIO 118 LOAD GE 593 LOAD GE 602 LOAD GE 593 LOAD GE 434 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #434, (1
-ve 0.00 -1.36 0.00 -0.13 0.00 -0.7
507 LOAD GENERATIO 434 LOAD GE 646 LOAD GE 33 LOAD GEN 646 LOAD GE 118 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #118, (1
Total
6806 1096 +ve 0.05 1.07 0.10 35.73 0.17 772.00
-ve -0.05 -355.84 -0.10 -0.23 -0.17 -1.23

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1237

Beam No.
CB 77A Remarks
Unit
CB 77A LEFT MIDSPAN CB 77A RIGHT
Width of Beam b 450 450 450
Depth of Beam D 750 750 750
Effective Depth d 682 682 618
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 339.50 1.87 772.00
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 339.50 1.87 772.00
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 1.62 0.01 4.49
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pt,Lim % 0.39 0.00 1.22
pt2 % 0.00 0.00 0.00
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 0.39 0.00 1.22
d' mm 68.00 68.00 68.00
d'/d mm 0.10 0.10 0.11
fsc N/mm2 412.54 412.54 409.38 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.304 0.304 0.304 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 1203.4 931.7 3387.7
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at first layer = 4 4 4
Nos. of bars at second layer = 0 0 4
Nos. of bars at third layer = 0 0 2
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 3217 3217 8042
Ast, provided (%) 0.95 0.95 2.38
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 6.16 402.23 1.23
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 6.16 402.23 1.23
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.03 1.92 0.01
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.01 0.47 0.00
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.304 0.304 0.304
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 931.7 1440.4 1693.9
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 4 4 4
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 3217 3217 3217
Ast, provided (%) 0.95 0.95 0.95
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1238

CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]


LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y kNmMoment-Z kNm
6205 5000 1092 0 184.057 0 -46.758 0 240.038
1093 0 -57.772 0 46.758 0 227.902
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6205 434 1093 0 0.721 0 0.052 0 0.732

TOTAL
6205 1093 0 184.49 0 0 0 240.4772

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
6806 5000 2212 0 -142.214 0 22.543 0 -142.625
1096 0 250.032 0 -22.543 0 -544.787

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6806 434 1096 0 1.362 0 -0.279 0 -6.791

TOTAL
6806 1096 0 -141.40 0 0 0 -146.6996
0 0 250.85 0 0 0 -544.787

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 264.14 113.07 355.84
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 264.14 113.07 355.84
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 184.49 250.85
Mh kN-m 828.71 1376.58
Ms kN-m 828.71 739.15
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 466.44 451.31
Shear stress N/mm2 1.520 0.368 1.623
% of tensile steel % 1.048 1.048 2.892
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 0.750 0.750 1.052 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.925 0.925 0.948 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)
Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.694 0.694 0.998
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 12
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 2 2 2
Asv provided mm2 226.2 226.2 226.2
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 546.64 546.64 546.64 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 178.42 2951.90 213.39 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 125 150 125
Hence Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1239

Side face Reinforcement


Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 450 * 682/100 = 153.5 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 3.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 339.3 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 153.5 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6205 1092 +ve 0 175.832 0 0 0 226.122
- 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - - 1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 0 0 -44.457 0 0
1101 NORMAL LC1 - - 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA-
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6205 1092 +ve 0 0.179 0 0.105 0 0
487 LOAD GENERATIO 281 LOAD GE 496 LOAD GE 267 LOAD GE 60 LOAD GEN -
-ve 0 -0.721 0 -0.228 0 -3.521
604 LOAD GENERATIO 434 LOAD GE 186 LOAD GE 623 LOAD GE 450 LOAD GE 434 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #434, (1
Total
6205 1092 +ve 0.00 176.03 0.00 0.11 0.00 226.12
-ve 0.00 -0.79 0.00 -44.69 0.00 -3.87
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 682.00 115.23 104.67


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
682.00 7.628
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
3217.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 185.40 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 215.97 mm
Total compression = 370.69 kN
Total tension = 370.69 kN
Moment = 226.12 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 115.23 / 200000 = 0.00058


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 750.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 682.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 750.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 216.0 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 534.03 * 534.03 / (3 * 200000 * 3216.99 * 466.03) = 0.00014

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*750*534.03/(0.00058*3216.99*534.03)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00028
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00066
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00052
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1240

Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm


Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00052 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 466.03) = 0.101 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1241

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6212 1093 +ve 0.00 75.32 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
- 1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL
- - -

-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -8.16 0.00 -266.63


1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL LC1 - - 1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMALLC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6212 1093 +ve 0 0.01 0 0.28 0 1.071
507 LOAD GENERATIO
119 LOAD GE 459 LOAD GE516 LOAD GE 593 LOAD GE118 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #118, (1
-ve 0 -0.98 0 -0.334 0 -1.275

564 LOAD GENERATIO


434 LOAD GE
553 LOAD GE
29 LOAD GEN
459 LOAD GE
338 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #338, (1
Total
6212 1093 +ve 0.00 75.34 0.00 0.28 0.00 1.18
-ve 0.00 -1.08 0.00 -8.50 0.00 -268.03
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 682.00 136.58 104.67


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
682.00 9.042
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
3217.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 185.40 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 215.97 mm
Total compression = 439.39 kN
Total tension = 439.39 kN
Moment = 268.03 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 136.58 / 200000 = 0.00068


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 750.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 682.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 750.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 216.0 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 534.03 * 534.03 / (3 * 200000 * 3216.99 * 466.03) = 0.00014

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*750*534.03/(0.00068*3216.99*534.03)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00023
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00078
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00064
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00064 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 466.03) = 0.124 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1242

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6806 1096 +ve 0 0 0 23.357 0 507.033
1101 NORMAL LC1 - - 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 -235.682 0 0 0 0
- 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMA-
TRAIN Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6806 1096 +ve 0 0.612 0 0.395 0 6.791
564 LOAD GENERATIO 118 LOAD GE 593 LOAD GE 602 LOAD GE 593 LOAD GE 434 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #434, (1
-ve 0 -1.362 0 -0.13 0 -0.7
507 LOAD GENERATIO 434 LOAD GE 646 LOAD GE 33 LOAD GEN 646 LOAD GE 118 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #118, (1
Total
6806 1096 +ve 0.00 0.67 0.00 23.75 0.00 514.50
-ve 0.00 -237.18 0.00 -0.13 0.00 -0.77
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 682.00 136.23 104.67


b2 32 4 3217.0 618.00 113.91
618.00 14.520
b3 32 2 1608.5 554.00 91.59
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
8042.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 168.00 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 291.41 mm
Total compression = 952.04 kN
Total tension = 952.04 kN
Moment = 514.50 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 136.23 / 200000 = 0.00068


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 750.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 682.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 750.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 291.4 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 458.59 * 458.59 / (3 * 200000 * 8042.48 * 390.59) = 0.00005

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*750*458.59/(0.00068*8042.48*458.59)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00009
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00080
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00075
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00075 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 326.59) = 0.142 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1243

Deflection check in serviceability Limit State

Ref. staad file for deflection check at mid span of beam.

Deflection due to all loads except train load


Node L/C X-Trans Y-Trans mm Z-Trans mm Absolute mmX-Rotan rad Y-Rotan rad Z-Rotan rad
1093 2101 0.229 -11.812 -0.125 11.815 0.001 0 0.002

Deflection due to train load


1093 537 0.586 -0.079 0.363 0.694 0 0 0

ALL LOADS EXCLUDING TRAIN LOAD


LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 2101
ABSOLUTE DISPLACEMENT = 11.812 mm
TRAIN LOAD
LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 537
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT DUE TO MOVING LOAD = 0.079 mm
TOTAL DEFLECTION = 11.891 mm

ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION = MIN. OF (L/350 OR 20 mm) = 20 mm WHICH IS >11.891 mm


HENCE THE BEAM IS SAFE IN DEFLECTION.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1244

Beam number = CB77B & CB77C GRID MKD = 4-6


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 40 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 14.5 m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
6244 1096 +ve 0.15 521.11 0.01 0.00 0.01 999.89
2304 WIND UNLOAD2101 NORMA 2304 WIND - 2303 WIND 2101 NORMAL LC1
-ve -0.15 0.00 -0.01 -76.25 -0.01 0.00
2303 WIND UNLOAD- 2303 WIND 2101 NORMA 2304 WIND -
train load Multification factor = 1.75 1.75
6244 1096 +ve 0.00 0.43 0.00 0.15 0.00 0.00
507 LOAD GENERATIO 647 LOAD GE 524 LOAD GE 621 LOAD GE 506 LOAD GE -
-ve 0.00 -1.09 0.00 -0.14 0.00 -6.46
596 LOAD GENERATIO 116 LOAD GE 506 LOAD GE 277 LOAD GE 524 LOAD GE 112 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #112, (1
Total
6244 1096 +ve 0.15 521.86 0.01 0.26 0.01 999.89
-ve -0.15 -1.91 -0.01 -76.50 -0.01 -11.30
Span Moment
6771 1098 +ve 0.12 0.00 0.01 2.77 0.01 0.00
2304 WIND UNLOADE- 2304 WIND 2216 SEISMI 2304 WIND U -
-ve -0.12 -125.12 -0.01 -3.98 -0.01 -525.91
2303 WIND UNLOADE2205 SEISMI 2303 WIND 2205 SEISMI 2303 WIND U 2101 NORMAL LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 1.75
6771 1098 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.18 0.00 0.97
544 LOAD GENERATION
- 547 LOAD GEN29 LOAD GENE 547 LOAD GEN319 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #319, (101 o
-ve 0.00 -1.22 0.00 -0.50 0.00 -0.86
473 LOAD GENERATION
543 LOAD GEN 455 LOAD GEN516 LOAD GEN 455 LOAD GEN601 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #601, (168 o
Total
6771 1098 +ve 0.12 0.00 0.01 3.09 0.01 1.69
-ve -0.12 -125.12 -0.01 -4.85 -0.01 -527.40
Right Support
6254 1099 +ve 0.11 0.00 0.01 93.49 0.02 396.94
2304 WIND UNLOAD- 2304 WIND 2101 NORMA 2304 WIND 2208 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2B
-ve -0.11 -307.46 -0.01 0.00 -0.02 0
2303 WIND UNLOAD2101 NORMA 2303 WIND - 2303 WIND -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.75 0.00
6254 1099 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.17 0.00 5.749
518 LOAD GENERATIO - 505 LOAD GE 59 LOAD GEN 505 LOAD GE 543 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #543, (1
-ve 0.00 -1.54 0.00 -0.37 0.00 0
594 LOAD GENERATIO 543 LOAD GE 629 LOAD GE 601 LOAD GE 629 LOAD GE -
Total
6254 1099 +ve 0.11 0.00 0.01 93.78 0.02 396.94
-ve -0.11 -310.15 -0.01 -0.65 -0.02 0.00

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1245

Beam No.
Remarks
Unit CB 77B CB 77B RIGHT
CB 77B LEFT MIDSPAN -CB 77C
Width of Beam b 450 450 450
Depth of Beam D 750 750 750
Effective Depth d 618 682 682
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 999.89 1.69 396.94
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 999.89 1.69 396.94
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 5.82 0.01 1.90
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Doubly Singly Singly
pt,Lim % 1.51 0.00 0.46
pt2 % 0.13 0.00 0.00
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 1.64 0.00 0.46
d' mm 68.00 68.00 68.00
d'/d mm 0.11 0.10 0.10
fsc N/mm2 409.38 412.54 412.54 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.14 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.304 0.304 0.304 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 4564.7 1141.2 1420.2
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at first layer = 4 4 4
Nos. of bars at second layer = 4 0 0
Nos. of bars at third layer = 2 0 0
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 8042 3217 3217
Ast, provided (%) 2.38 0.95 0.95
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 11.30 527.40 0.00
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 11.30 527.40 0.00
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.07 2.52 0.00
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.02 0.63 0.00
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.14 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.304 0.304 0.304
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 2282.3 1929.5 1141.2
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 4 4 4
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 3217 3217 3217
Ast, provided (%) 0.95 0.95 0.95
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1246

CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]


LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y kNmMoment-Z kNm
6244 5000 1096 0 395.748 0 -58.122 0 753.886
2198 0 -173.354 0 58.122 0 243.465
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6244 2101 1096 0 521.105 0 -76.245 0 999.89

TOTAL
6244 1096 0 708.41 0 0 0 1353.82

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
6254 5000 1098 0 -98.252 0 70.516 0 -336.889
1099 0 224.792 0 -70.516 0 -289.01

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6254 543 1099 0 1.536 0 0.154 0 -5.749

TOTAL
6254 1099 0 -97.33 0 0 0 -340.3384
0 0 225.71 0 0 0 -289.01

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 521.86 125.12 310.15
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 521.86 125.12 310.15
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 708.41 225.71
Mh kN-m 914.33 828.71
Ms kN-m 739.15 828.71
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 859.79 394.01
Shear stress N/mm2 3.092 0.408 1.284
% of tensile steel % 2.892 1.048 1.048
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 1.052 0.750 0.750 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.948 0.925 0.925 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)
Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.998 0.694 0.694
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 12
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 4 4 4
Asv provided mm2 452.4 452.4 452.4
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 1093.27 1093.27 1093.27 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 175.38 3859.24 441.97 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 125 150 125
Hence Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1247

Side face Reinforcement


Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 450 * 618/100 = 139.1 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 3.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 339.3 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 153.5 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6244 1096 +ve 0 347.445 0 0 0 666.867
- 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - - 1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 0 0 -50.829 0 0
1101 NORMAL LC1 - - 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA-
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6244 1096 +ve 0 0.429 0 0.15 0 0
507 LOAD GENERATIO 647 LOAD GE 524 LOAD GE 621 LOAD GE 506 LOAD GE -
-ve 0 -1.093 0 -0.143 0 -6.458
596 LOAD GENERATIO 116 LOAD GE 506 LOAD GE 277 LOAD GE 524 LOAD GE 112 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #112, (1
Total
6244 1096 +ve 0.00 347.92 0.00 0.15 0.00 666.87
-ve 0.00 -1.20 0.00 -50.97 0.00 -7.10
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 682.00 176.58 104.67


b2 32 4 3217.0 618.00 147.65
618.00 18.820
b3 32 2 1608.5 554.00 118.71
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
8042.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 168.00 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 291.41 mm
Total compression = 1233.97 kN
Total tension = 1233.97 kN
Moment = 666.87 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 176.58 / 200000 = 0.00088


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 750.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 682.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 750.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 291.4 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 458.59 * 458.59 / (3 * 200000 * 8042.48 * 390.59) = 0.00005

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*750*458.59/(0.00088*8042.48*458.59)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00007
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00104
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00099
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1248

Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm


Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00099 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 326.59) = 0.186 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1249

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6771 1098 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1101 NORMAL LC1 - - - - -

-ve 0.00 -72.84 0.00 -1.44 0.00 -350.56


1101 NORMAL
- 1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMALLC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6771 1098 +ve 0 0 0 0.184 0 0.966
544 LOAD GENERATIO
- 547 LOAD GE29 LOAD GEN 547 LOAD GE319 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #319, (1
-ve 0 -1.218 0 -0.496 0 -0.856

473 LOAD GENERATIO


543 LOAD GE
455 LOAD GE
516 LOAD GE
455 LOAD GE
601 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #601, (1
Total
6771 1098 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.18 0.00 1.06
-ve 0.00 -74.18 0.00 -1.94 0.00 -351.51
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 682.00 179.12 104.67


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
682.00 11.858
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
3217.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 185.40 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 215.97 mm
Total compression = 576.23 kN
Total tension = 576.23 kN
Moment = 351.51 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 179.12 / 200000 = 0.00090


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 750.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 682.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 750.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 216.0 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 534.03 * 534.03 / (3 * 200000 * 3216.99 * 466.03) = 0.00014

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*750*534.03/(0.0009*3216.99*534.03)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00018
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00103
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00088
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00088 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 466.03) = 0.172 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1250

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6254 1099 +ve 0 0 0 62.322 0 257.1
- - 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 -204.929 0 0 0 0
1101 NORMAL LC1 1101 NORMA - - - -
TRAIN Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6254 1099 +ve 0 0 0 0.169 0 5.749
518 LOAD GENERATIO - 505 LOAD GE 59 LOAD GEN 505 LOAD GE 543 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #543, (1
-ve 0 -1.536 0 -0.369 0 0
594 LOAD GENERATIO 543 LOAD GE 629 LOAD GE 601 LOAD GE 629 LOAD GE -
Total
6254 1099 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 62.49 0.00 263.42
-ve 0.00 -206.62 0.00 -0.37 0.00 0.00
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 682.00 134.24 104.67


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
682.00 8.887
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
3217.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 185.40 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 215.97 mm
Total compression = 431.84 kN
Total tension = 431.84 kN
Moment = 263.42 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 134.24 / 200000 = 0.00067


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 750.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 682.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 750.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 216.0 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 534.03 * 534.03 / (3 * 200000 * 3216.99 * 466.03) = 0.00014

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*750*534.03/(0.00067*3216.99*534.03)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00024
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00077
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00063
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00063 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 466.03) = 0.122 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1251

Deflection check in serviceability Limit State

Ref. staad file for deflection check at mid span of beam.

Deflection due to all loads except train load


Node L/C X-Trans Y-Trans mm Z-Trans mm Absolute mmX-Rotan rad Y-Rotan rad Z-Rotan rad
1098 2101 0.322 -16.861 -0.125 16.864 -0.001 0 0.003

Deflection due to train load


1098 114 -0.3 -0.108 0.168 0.361 0 0 0

ALL LOADS EXCLUDING TRAIN LOAD


LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 2101
ABSOLUTE DISPLACEMENT = 16.861 mm
TRAIN LOAD
LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 114
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT DUE TO MOVING LOAD = 0.108 mm
TOTAL DEFLECTION = 16.969 mm

ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION = MIN. OF (L/350 OR 20 mm) = 20 mm WHICH IS >16.969 mm


HENCE THE BEAM IS SAFE IN DEFLECTION.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


CB - 80
1253

Beam number = CB80A,CB80B GRID MKD = 1-4


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 40 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 14.5 m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
2163 1108 +ve 0.00 1494.88 0.00 1318.99 0.00 5167.28
- 2205 SEISM2302 WIND 2209 SEISM2301 WIND 2205 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2B
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -2653.29 0.00 -696.65
- - 2305 WIND 2204 SEISM2306 WIND 2216 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2B
train load Multification factor = 0.00 0.00
2163 1108 +ve 0.00 4.50 0.00 107.68 0.00 23.55
- 131 LOAD GE 637 LOAD GE171 LOAD GE 510 LOAD GE 131 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #131, (1
-ve 0.00 -34.98 0.00 -184.72 0.00 -175.13
- 466 LOAD GE 471 LOAD GE480 LOAD GE 469 LOAD GE 439 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #439, (6
Total
2163 1108 +ve 0.00 1494.88 0.00 1318.99 0.00 5167.28
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -2653.29 0.00 -696.65
Span Moment
6544 1112 +ve 0.01 432.71 4.17 426.32 7.17 0.00
2303 WIND UNLOADE2208 SEISMI 2301 WIND 2204 SEISMI 2301 WIND U -
-ve -0.01 -290.68 -4.17 -52.79 -7.17 -2699.32
2304 WIND UNLOADE2213 SEISMI 2302 WIND 2209 SEISMI 2302 WIND U 2101 NORMAL LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 1.75
6544 1112 +ve 0.00 14.34 0.00 23.79 0.00 27.12
460 LOAD GENERATION
1 TRACTIVE 87 LOAD GENE 516 LOAD GEN 169 LOAD GEN585 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #585, (152 o
-ve 0.00 -3.37 0.00 -16.18 0.00 -24.06
- 285 LOAD GEN 480 LOAD GEN118 LOAD GEN 464 LOAD GEN28 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #28, (25 of 21
Total
6544 1112 +ve 0.01 432.71 4.17 426.32 7.17 47.45
-ve -0.01 -290.68 -4.17 -52.79 -7.17 -2741.43
Right Support
6807 1115 +ve 0.01 0.00 3.61 321.50 6.55 6451.51
2304 WIND UNLOAD- 2302 WIND 2212 SEISM2302 WIND 2208 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2B
-ve -0.01 -1990.66 -3.61 -334.77 -6.55 0
2303 WIND UNLOAD2205 SEISM2301 WIND 2201 SEISM2301 WIND -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 0.00
6807 1115 +ve 0.00 3.96 0.00 38.30 0.00 111.381
- 285 LOAD GE 464 LOAD GE 565 LOAD GE 464 LOAD GE 434 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #434, (1
-ve 0.00 -15.22 0.00 -24.01 0.00 -28.526
436 LOAD GENERATIO 1 TRACTIVE126 LOAD GE 118 LOAD GE 87 LOAD GEN 285 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #285, (6
Total
6807 1115 +ve 0.01 0.00 3.61 321.50 6.55 6451.51
-ve -0.01 -1990.66 -3.61 -334.77 -6.55 0.00

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1254

Beam No.
CB 80A/CB CB 80B MID Remarks
Unit
80B LEFT SPAN CB 80B RIGHT
Width of Beam b 1200 1200 1200
Depth of Beam D 1500 1500 1500
Effective Depth d 1400 1432 1368
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 5167.28 47.45 6451.51
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 5167.28 47.45 6451.51
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 2.20 0.02 2.87
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pt,Lim % 0.54 0.00 0.73
pt2 % 0.00 0.00 0.00
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 0.54 0.00 0.73
d' mm 68.00 68.00 68.00
d'/d mm 0.05 0.05 0.05
fsc N/mm2 424.08 424.25 423.90 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.304 0.304 0.304 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 9101.8 5216.7 11924.9
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at first layer = 9 9 9
Nos. of bars at second layer = 5 0 9
Nos. of bars at third layer = 0 0 5
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 11259 7238 18498
Ast, provided (%) 0.63 0.40 1.03
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 696.65 2741.43 0.00
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 696.65 2741.43 0.00
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.30 1.11 0.00
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.07 0.26 0.00
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.304 0.304 0.304
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 5100.1 5216.7 5962.5
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 9 9 9
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 7238 7238 7238
Ast, provided (%) 0.40 0.40 0.40
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1255

CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]


LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNm
Moment-Y kNmMoment-Z kNm
2163 5000 1108 0 903.608 0 -752.025 0 2462.033
1109 0 -855.741 0 752.025 0 -2000.061
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
2163 466 1109 0 34.973 0 179.429 0 146.337

TOTAL
2163 1109 0 924.59 0 0 0 2549.8352

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
6807 5000 2213 0 -1172.76 0 -2.175 0 -911.82
1115 0 1434.635 0 2.175 0 -3657.64

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6807 1 1115 0 15.263 0 18.342 0 -81.072

TOTAL
6807 1115 0 -1163.60 0 0 0 -960.4632
0 0 1443.79 0 0 0 -3657.64

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 1494.88 432.71 1990.66
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 1494.88 432.71 1990.66
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 924.59 1443.79
Mh kN-m 6279.69 9449.42
Ms kN-m 4169.49 4068.74
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 2239.52 2442.95
Shear stress N/mm2 1.333 0.252 1.488
% of tensile steel % 0.670 0.421 1.127
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 0.646 0.554 0.769 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.773 0.769 0.778 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)
Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.500 0.426 0.598
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 12
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 6 6 6
Asv provided mm2 678.6 678.6 678.6
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 614.97 614.97 614.97 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 199.45 1087.74 190.62 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 100 150 100
Hence Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1256

Side face Reinforcement


Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 1200 * 1400/100 = 840.0 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 8.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 904.8 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 151.6 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
2163 1108 +ve 0 816.605 0 0 0 2271.441
- 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMA1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 0 0 -708.283 0 0
- - - 1101 NORMA - -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
2163 1108 +ve 0 4.499 0 107.676 0 23.545
- 131 LOAD GE 637 LOAD GE 171 LOAD GE 510 LOAD GE 131 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #131, (1
-ve 0 -34.975 0 -184.723 0 -175.127
- 466 LOAD GE 471 LOAD GE 480 LOAD GE 469 LOAD GE 439 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #439, (6
Total
2163 1108 +ve 0.00 821.55 0.00 107.68 0.00 2297.34
-ve 0.00 -38.47 0.00 -893.01 0.00 -192.64
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 9 7238.2 1432.00 162.04 133.00


b2 32 5 4021.2 1368.00 152.28
1400.00 8.051
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
11259.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 380.58 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 369.54 mm
Total compression = 1785.22 kN
Total tension = 1785.22 kN
Moment = 2297.34 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 162.04 / 200000 = 0.00081


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 369.5 mm
Width of section, b = 1200.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 1200 * 1130.46 * 1130.46 / (3 * 200000 * 11259.47 * 1062.46) = 0.00021

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*1200*1500*1130.46/(0.00081*11259.47*1130.46)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00030
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00086
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00065
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 79.11 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1257

Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm


Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 79.11 * 0.00065 / (1 + 2 * 27.11 / 1030.46) = 0.146 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1258

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6544 1112 +ve 0.00 74.65 0.00 205.01 0.00 0.00
- 1101 NORMAL
- 1101 NORMAL
- -

-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1800.40


1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL LC1 - 1101 NORMAL
- 1101 NORMALLC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6544 1112 +ve 0 14.342 0 23.79 0 27.116
460 LOAD GENERATIO
1 TRACTIVE87 LOAD GEN516 LOAD GE 169 LOAD GE585 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #585, (1
-ve 0 -3.369 0 -16.179 0 -24.064

- 285 LOAD GE
480 LOAD GE
118 LOAD GE
464 LOAD GE
28 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #28, (25 o
Total
6544 1112 +ve 0.00 90.42 0.00 228.80 0.00 29.83
-ve 0.00 -3.71 0.00 -16.18 0.00 -1826.87
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 9 7238.2 1432.00 189.87 133.00


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
1432.00 7.435
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
7238.2
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 389.28 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 308.08 mm
Total compression = 1374.30 kN
Total tension = 1374.30 kN
Moment = 1826.87 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 189.87 / 200000 = 0.00095


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 308.1 mm
Width of section, b = 1200.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 1200 * 1191.92 * 1191.92 / (3 * 200000 * 7238.23 * 1123.92) = 0.00035

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*1200*1500*1191.92/(0.00095*7238.23*1191.92)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00040
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00101
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00066
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 79.11 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 79.11 * 0.00066 / (1 + 2 * 27.11 / 1123.92) = 0.149 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1259

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6807 1115 +ve 0 0 0 22.673 0 3270.498
1101 NORMAL LC1 - 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 -1277.956 0 0 0 0
- 1101 NORMA - - - -
TRAIN Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6807 1115 +ve 0 3.96 0 38.302 0 111.381
- 285 LOAD GE 464 LOAD GE 565 LOAD GE 464 LOAD GE 434 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #434, (1
-ve 0 -15.221 0 -24.008 0 -28.526
436 LOAD GENERATIO 1 TRACTIVE126 LOAD GE 118 LOAD GE 87 LOAD GEN 285 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #285, (6
Total
6807 1115 +ve 0.00 4.36 0.00 60.98 0.00 3393.02
-ve 0.00 -1294.70 0.00 -24.01 0.00 -31.38
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 9 7238.2 1432.00 157.31 133.00


b2 32 9 7238.2 1368.00 147.07
1368.00 10.239
b3 32 5 4021.2 1304.00 136.84
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
18497.7
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 371.88 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 448.22 mm
Total compression = 2753.47 kN
Total tension = 2753.47 kN
Moment = 3393.02 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 157.31 / 200000 = 0.00079


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 448.2 mm
Width of section, b = 1200.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 1200 * 1051.78 * 1051.78 / (3 * 200000 * 18497.7 * 983.78) = 0.00012

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*1200*1500*1051.78/(0.00079*18497.7*1051.78)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00019
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00084
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00072
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 79.11 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 79.11 * 0.00072 / (1 + 2 * 27.11 / 919.78) = 0.161 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1260

Deflection check in serviceability Limit State

Ref. staad file for deflection check at mid span of beam.

Deflection due to all loads except train load


Node L/C X-Trans Y-Trans mm Z-Trans mm Absolute mmX-Rotan rad Y-Rotan rad Z-Rotan rad
1112 1101 0.153 -3.124 -0.1 3.13 0 0 0

Deflection due to train load


1112 537 0.586 -0.065 0.365 0.693 0 0 0

ALL LOADS EXCLUDING TRAIN LOAD


LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 1101
ABSOLUTE DISPLACEMENT = 3.124 mm
TRAIN LOAD
LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 537
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT DUE TO MOVING LOAD = 0.065 mm
TOTAL DEFLECTION = 3.189 mm

ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION = MIN. OF (L/350 OR 20 mm) = 20 mm WHICH IS >3.189 mm


HENCE THE BEAM IS SAFE IN DEFLECTION.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1261

Beam number = CB80C,CB80D GRID MKD = 4-7


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 40 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 14.5 m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
6123 1115 +ve 0.00 2493.01 0.00 152.99 0.00 7390.97
2303 WIND UNLOAD2205 SEISM2302 WIND 2209 SEISM2303 WIND 2205 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2B
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -642.36 0.00 0.00
2304 WIND UNLOAD- 2301 WIND 2204 SEISM2304 WIND -
train load Multification factor = 0.00 0.00
6123 1115 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 22.71 0.00 0.00
444 LOAD GENERATIO- 646 LOAD GE 198 LOAD GE 447 LOAD GEN -
-ve 0.00 -40.30 0.00 -42.04 0.00 -237.54
472 LOAD GENERATIO521 LOAD GE 447 LOAD GE 517 LOAD GE 488 LOAD GEN 548 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #548, (1
Total
6123 1115 +ve 0.00 2493.01 0.00 152.99 0.00 7390.97
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -642.36 0.00 0.00
Span Moment
6784 1118 +ve 0.00 630.78 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2304 WIND UNLOADE2208 SEISMI 2303 WIND - 2303 WIND U -
-ve 0.00 -160.18 0.00 -505.84 0.00 -3992.73
2303 WIND UNLOADE2213 SEISMI 2304 WIND 2201 SEISMI 2304 WIND U 2101 NORMAL LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 1.75
6784 1118 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 15.00 0.00 41.24
472 LOAD GENERATION
- 458 LOAD GEN198 LOAD GEN 447 LOAD GENE485 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #485, (52 of
-ve 0.00 -36.86 0.00 -20.76 0.00 -12.86
444 LOAD GENERATION
521 LOAD GEN 621 LOAD GEN516 LOAD GEN 488 LOAD GENE104 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #104, (101 o
Total
6784 1118 +ve 0.00 630.78 0.00 0.00 0.00 72.17
-ve 0.00 -160.18 0.00 -505.84 0.00 -4015.24
Right Support
7095 1121 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00
3498.58 0.00 7078.62
- - - 2204 SEISM2301 WIND 2208 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2B
-ve 0.00 -3061.16 0.00 -551.85 0.00 0
- 2205 SEISM2302 WIND 2209 SEISM2306 WIND -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 0.00
7095 1121 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 173.08 0.00 200.787
- - 619 LOAD GE601 LOAD GE 634 LOAD GEN521 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #521, (8
-ve 0.00 -28.67 0.00 -82.56 0.00 0
- 543 LOAD GE 440 LOAD GE32 LOAD GEN 447 LOAD GEN-
Total
7095 1121 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 3498.58 0.00 7078.62
-ve 0.00 -3061.16 0.00 -551.85 0.00 0.00

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1262

Beam No.
CB 80C CB 80C Remarks
Unit CB 80C LEFT
MIDSPAN RIGHT/CB80D
Width of Beam b 1200 1200 1200
Depth of Beam D 1500 1500 1500
Effective Depth d 1368 1400 1368
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 7390.97 72.17 7078.62
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 7390.97 72.17 7078.62
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 3.29 0.03 3.15
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pt,Lim % 0.85 0.01 0.81
pt2 % 0.00 0.00 0.00
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 0.85 0.01 0.81
d' mm 68.00 68.00 68.00
d'/d mm 0.05 0.05 0.05
fsc N/mm2 423.90 424.08 423.90 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.304 0.304 0.304 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 13890.0 5100.1 13228.5
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at first layer = 9 9 9
Nos. of bars at second layer = 9 0 9
Nos. of bars at third layer = 5 0 3
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 18498 7238 16889
Ast, provided (%) 1.03 0.40 0.94
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 0.00 4015.24 0.00
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 0.00 4015.24 0.00
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.00 1.71 0.00
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.00 0.41 0.00
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.304 0.304 0.304
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 6945.0 6953.3 6614.3
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 9 9 9
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 0 5 0
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 7238 11259 7238
Ast, provided (%) 0.40 0.63 0.40
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1263

CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]


LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y kNm Moment-Z kNm
6123 5000 1115 0 1815.51 0 -240.44 0 4439.448
2199 0 -1439.06 0 240.44 0 1264.186
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y kNMoment-Z kNm
6123 521 2199 0 40.303 0 41.58 0 95.321

TOTAL
6123 2199 0 1839.69 0 0 0 4496.6406

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
7095 5000 2415 0 -2119.144 0 1580.822 0 1743.984
1121 0 2223.953 0 -1580.822 0 -3948.871

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y kNMoment-Z kNm
7095 543 1121 0 28.669 0 -156.607 0 -200.361

TOTAL
7095 1121 0 -2101.94 0 0 0 1623.7674
0 0 2241.15 0 0 0 -3948.871

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 2493.01 630.78 3061.16
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 2493.01 630.78 3061.16
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 1839.69 2241.15
Mh kN-m 9449.42 8751.45
Ms kN-m 4068.74 4068.74
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 3077.50 3546.36
Shear stress N/mm2 1.875 0.375 2.160
% of tensile steel % 1.127 0.431 1.029
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 0.769 0.558 0.746 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.778 0.773 0.778 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)
Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.598 0.431 0.580
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 12
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 6 6 6
Asv provided mm2 678.6 678.6 678.6
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 614.97 614.97 614.97 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 146.68 714.76 124.21 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 100 150 100
Hence Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1264

Side face Reinforcement


Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 1200 * 1368/100 = 820.8 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 8.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 904.8 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 151.6 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6123 1115 +ve 0 1581.811 0 0 0 3950.325
- 1101 NORMA - - 1101 NORMAL 1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 0 0 -215.365 0 0
1101 NORMAL LC1 - 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6123 1115 +ve 0 0 0 22.713 0 0
444 LOAD GENERATIO - 646 LOAD GE 198 LOAD GE 447 LOAD GEN-
-ve 0 -40.303 0 -42.044 0 -237.536
472 LOAD GENERATIO 521 LOAD GE 447 LOAD GE 517 LOAD GE 488 LOAD GEN548 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #548, (1
Total
6123 1115 +ve 0.00 1581.81 0.00 22.71 0.00 3950.33
-ve 0.00 -44.33 0.00 -257.41 0.00 -261.29
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 9 7238.2 1432.00 183.15 133.00


b2 32 9 7238.2 1368.00 171.23
1368.00 11.920
b3 32 5 4021.2 1304.00 159.32
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
18497.7
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 371.88 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 448.22 mm
Total compression = 3205.73 kN
Total tension = 3205.73 kN
Moment = 3950.33 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 183.15 / 200000 = 0.00092


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 448.2 mm
Width of section, b = 1200.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 1200 * 1051.78 * 1051.78 / (3 * 200000 * 18497.7 * 983.78) = 0.00012

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*1200*1500*1051.78/(0.00092*18497.7*1051.78)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00016
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00098
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00086
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 79.11 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1265

Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm


Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 79.11 * 0.00086 / (1 + 2 * 27.11 / 919.78) = 0.192 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1266

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6784 1118 +ve 0.00 253.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1101 NORMAL LC1 1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL
- 1101 NORMAL-

-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -251.98 0.00 -2662.44


1101 NORMAL
- - - 1101 NORMAL
- LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6784 1118 +ve 0 0 0 15.002 0 41.239
472 LOAD GENERATIO
- 458 LOAD GE198 LOAD GE 447 LOAD GEN485 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #485, (5
-ve 0 -36.86 0 -20.756 0 -12.864

444 LOAD GENERATIO


521 LOAD GE
621 LOAD GE
516 LOAD GE
488 LOAD GEN
104 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #104, (1
Total
6784 1118 +ve 0.00 253.10 0.00 15.00 0.00 45.36
-ve 0.00 -40.55 0.00 -272.73 0.00 -2676.59
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 9 7238.2 1432.00 188.79 133.00


b2 32 5 4021.2 1368.00 177.42
1400.00 9.381
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
11259.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 380.58 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 369.54 mm
Total compression = 2079.93 kN
Total tension = 2079.93 kN
Moment = 2676.59 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 188.79 / 200000 = 0.00094


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 369.5 mm
Width of section, b = 1200.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 1200 * 1130.46 * 1130.46 / (3 * 200000 * 11259.47 * 1062.46) = 0.00021

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*1200*1500*1130.46/(0.00094*11259.47*1130.46)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00026
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00100
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00079
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 79.11 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 79.11 * 0.00079 / (1 + 2 * 27.11 / 1030.46) = 0.178 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1267

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
7095 1121 +ve 0 0 0 1419.458 0 3524.927
- - - 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMAL 1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 -1984.302 0 0 0 0
- 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - - -
TRAIN Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
7095 1121 +ve 0 0 0 173.078 0 200.787
- - 619 LOAD GE 601 LOAD GE 634 LOAD GEN521 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #521, (8
-ve 0 -28.669 0 -82.555 0 0
- 543 LOAD GE 440 LOAD GE 32 LOAD GEN 447 LOAD GEN-
Total
7095 1121 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 1592.54 0.00 3745.79
-ve 0.00 -2015.84 0.00 -82.56 0.00 0.00
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 9 7238.2 1432.00 186.84 133.00


b2 32 9 7238.2 1368.00 174.87
1368.00 11.582
b3 32 3 2412.7 1304.00 162.90
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
16889.2
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 371.88 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 433.33 mm
Total compression = 3011.21 kN
Total tension = 3011.21 kN
Moment = 3745.79 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 186.84 / 200000 = 0.00093


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 433.3 mm
Width of section, b = 1200.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 1200 * 1066.67 * 1066.67 / (3 * 200000 * 16889.2 * 998.67) = 0.00013

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*1200*1500*1066.67/(0.00093*16889.2*1066.67)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00017
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00100
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00086
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 79.11 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 79.11 * 0.00086 / (1 + 2 * 27.11 / 934.67) = 0.194 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1268

Deflection check in serviceability Limit State

Ref. staad file for deflection check at mid span of beam.

Deflection due to all loads except train load


Node L/C X-Trans Y-Trans mm Z-Trans mm Absolute mmX-Rotan rad Y-Rotan rad Z-Rotan rad
1118 1101 0.215 -4.526 -0.1 4.532 0 0 0

Deflection due to train load


1118 142 -0.303 -0.089 0.164 0.356 0 0 0

ALL LOADS EXCLUDING TRAIN LOAD


LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 1101
ABSOLUTE DISPLACEMENT = 4.526 mm
TRAIN LOAD
LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 142
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT DUE TO MOVING LOAD = 0.089 mm
TOTAL DEFLECTION = 4.615 mm

ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION = MIN. OF (L/350 OR 20 mm) = 20 mm WHICH IS >4.615 mm


HENCE THE BEAM IS SAFE IN DEFLECTION.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


CB - 83
1270

Beam number = CB83A & CB83B GRID MKD = 3-4


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 40 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 13.2 m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
6196 1129 +ve 0.00 802.51 0.00 86.11 0.00 1584.49
- 2101 NORMA 2301 WIND 2201 SEISM2306 WIND 2205 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2B
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -5.26 0.00 0.00
- - 2306 WIND 2212 SEISM2301 WIND -
train load Multification factor = 1.75 0.00
6196 1129 +ve 0.00 1.65 0.00 2.12 0.00 1.69
- 287 LOAD GE 572 LOAD GE212 LOAD GE 544 LOAD GE 286 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #286, (6
-ve 0.00 -4.39 0.00 -4.01 0.00 -14.15
- 200 LOAD GE 459 LOAD GE540 LOAD GE 499 LOAD GE 201 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #201, (1
Total
6196 1129 +ve 0.00 805.40 0.00 89.83 0.00 1584.49
-ve 0.00 -7.68 0.00 -12.28 0.00 0.00
Span Moment
6197 2214 +ve 0.02 0.00 0.34 49.29 0.61 0.00
2301 WIND UNLOADE- 2301 WIND 2204 SEISMI 2301 WIND U -
-ve -0.02 -153.89 -0.34 0.00 -0.61 -659.77
2302 WIND UNLOADE2205 SEISMI 2302 WIND - 2302 WIND U 2101 NORMAL LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 1.75
6197 2214 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.69 0.00 6.33
550 LOAD GENERATION
- 621 LOAD GEN217 LOAD GEN 621 LOAD GEN627 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #627, (194 o
-ve 0.00 -2.26 0.00 -1.45 0.00 -1.79
509 LOAD GENERATION
445 LOAD GEN 531 LOAD GEN553 LOAD GEN 531 LOAD GEN292 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #292, (74 of
Total
6197 2214 +ve 0.02 0.00 0.34 50.50 0.61 11.08
-ve -0.02 -153.89 -0.34 -2.54 -0.61 -662.90
Right Support
6808 1150 +ve 0.02 0.00 0.37 4.74 0.65 880.35
2302 WIND UNLOAD- 2302 WIND 2212 SEISM2302 WIND 2208 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2B
-ve -0.02 -482.06 -0.37 -9.12 -0.65 0
2301 WIND UNLOAD2101 NORMA 2301 WIND 2251 SEISM2301 WIND -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.75 0.00
6808 1150 +ve 0.00 2.42 0.00 0.25 0.00 8.716
509 LOAD GENERATIO 565 LOAD GE 531 LOAD GE 212 LOAD GE 531 LOAD GE 201 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #201, (1
-ve 0.00 -1.95 0.00 -1.19 0.00 -5.422
550 LOAD GENERATIO 203 LOAD GE 621 LOAD GE 524 LOAD GE 621 LOAD GE 516 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #516, (8
Total
6808 1150 +ve 0.02 4.24 0.37 5.17 0.65 880.35
-ve -0.02 -485.46 -0.37 -11.20 -0.65 0.00

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1271

Beam No.
CB 83A - CB CB 83B Remarks
Unit
83B LEFT MIDSPAN CB 83B RIGHT
Width of Beam b 450 450 450
Depth of Beam D 1000 1000 1000
Effective Depth d 868 932 900
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 1584.49 11.08 880.35
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 1584.49 11.08 880.35
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 4.67 0.03 2.42
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pt,Lim % 1.28 0.01 0.60
pt2 % 0.00 0.00 0.00
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 1.28 0.01 0.60
d' mm 68.00 68.00 68.00
d'/d mm 0.08 0.07 0.08
fsc N/mm2 418.19 419.42 418.84 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.304 0.304 0.304 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 4995.2 1273.2 2431.2
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at first layer = 4 4 4
Nos. of bars at second layer = 4 0 2
Nos. of bars at third layer = 2 0 0
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 8042 3217 4825
Ast, provided (%) 1.79 0.71 1.07
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 0.00 662.90 0.00
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 0.00 662.90 0.00
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.00 1.70 0.00
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.00 0.41 0.00
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.304 0.304 0.304
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 2497.6 1723.8 1248.8
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 4 4 4
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 3217 3217 3217
Ast, provided (%) 0.71 0.71 0.71
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1272

CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]


LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y kNmMoment-Z kNm
6196 5000 1129 0 587.706 0 46.916 0 1063.544
1130 0 -417.521 0 -46.916 0 363.879
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6116 507 1129 0 8.979 0 -2.668 0 -27.47

TOTAL
6116 1129 0 593.09 0 0 0 1047.062

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
6808 5000 2214 0 -228.272 0 -4.062 0 -400.989
1150 0 348.194 0 4.062 0 -609.269

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6808 565 2214 0 2.645 0 -0.953 0 3.103

TOTAL
6808 2214 0 -226.69 0 0 0 -399.1272
0 0 349.78 0 0 0 -609.269

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 805.40 153.89 485.46
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 805.40 153.89 485.46
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 593.09 349.78
Mh kN-m 2251.20 1606.41
Ms kN-m 1089.00 1133.78
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 878.97 708.79
Shear stress N/mm2 2.250 0.367 1.750
% of tensile steel % 2.059 0.767 1.191
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 0.940 0.676 0.783 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.871 0.856 0.863 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)
Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.819 0.579 0.676
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 12
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 2 2 2
Asv provided mm2 226.2 226.2 226.2
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 546.64 546.64 546.64 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 119.38 1161.74 148.34 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 100 150 100
Hence Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1273

Side face Reinforcement


Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 450 * 868/100 = 195.3 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 5.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 565.5 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 144.0 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6196 1129 +ve 0 534.845 0 44.353 0 970.677
- 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 0 0 0 0 0
- - - - 1101 NORMA-
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6196 1129 +ve 0 1.652 0 2.123 0 1.688
- 287 LOAD GE 572 LOAD GE 212 LOAD GE 544 LOAD GE 286 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #286, (6
-ve 0 -4.39 0 -4.011 0 -14.147
- 200 LOAD GE 459 LOAD GE 540 LOAD GE 499 LOAD GE 201 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #201, (1
Total
6196 1129 +ve 0.00 536.66 0.00 46.48 0.00 972.53
-ve 0.00 -4.83 0.00 -4.01 0.00 -15.56
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 932.00 173.64 104.67


b2 32 4 3217.0 868.00 154.19
868.00 15.664
b3 32 2 1608.5 804.00 134.73
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
8042.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 235.96 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 360.73 mm
Total compression = 1271.34 kN
Total tension = 1271.34 kN
Moment = 972.53 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 173.64 / 200000 = 0.00087


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1000.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 932.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1000.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 360.7 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 639.27 * 639.27 / (3 * 200000 * 8042.48 * 571.27) = 0.00007

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1000*639.27/(0.00087*8042.48*639.27)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00010
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00097
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00090
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1274

Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm


Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.0009 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 507.27) = 0.177 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1275

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6197 2214 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 30.11 0.00 0.00
- - 1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL-

-ve 0.00 -76.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 -439.75


1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL LC1 1101 NORMAL
- - - LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6197 2214 +ve 0 0 0 0.69 0 6.333
550 LOAD GENERATIO
- 621 LOAD GE217 LOAD GE 621 LOAD GE627 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #627, (1
-ve 0 -2.262 0 -1.449 0 -1.789

509 LOAD GENERATIO


445 LOAD GE
531 LOAD GE
553 LOAD GE
531 LOAD GE
292 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #292, (7
Total
6197 2214 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 30.80 0.00 6.97
-ve 0.00 -78.56 0.00 -1.45 0.00 -441.72
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 932.00 162.40 104.67


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
932.00 8.949
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
3217.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 253.36 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 259.45 mm
Total compression = 522.43 kN
Total tension = 522.43 kN
Moment = 441.72 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 162.4 / 200000 = 0.00081


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1000.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 932.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1000.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 259.4 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 740.55 * 740.55 / (3 * 200000 * 3216.99 * 672.55) = 0.00019

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1000*740.55/(0.00081*3216.99*740.55)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00026
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00089
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00070
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.0007 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 672.55) = 0.140 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1276

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6808 1150 +ve 0 0 0 0 0 554.058
1101 NORMAL LC1 - - - - 1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 -321.448 0 -5.156 0 0
- 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA-
TRAIN Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6808 1150 +ve 0 2.422 0 0.248 0 8.716
509 LOAD GENERATIO 565 LOAD GE 531 LOAD GE 212 LOAD GE 531 LOAD GE 201 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #201, (1
-ve 0 -1.947 0 -1.19 0 -5.422
550 LOAD GENERATIO 203 LOAD GE 621 LOAD GE 524 LOAD GE 621 LOAD GE 516 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #516, (8
Total
6808 1150 +ve 0.00 2.66 0.00 0.25 0.00 563.65
-ve 0.00 -323.59 0.00 -6.35 0.00 -5.96
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 932.00 149.00 104.67


b2 32 2 1608.5 868.00 133.86
900.00 10.215
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
4825.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 244.66 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 302.23 mm
Total compression = 694.64 kN
Total tension = 694.64 kN
Moment = 563.65 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 149 / 200000 = 0.00074


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1000.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 932.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1000.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 302.2 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 697.77 * 697.77 / (3 * 200000 * 4825.49 * 629.77) = 0.00012

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1000*697.77/(0.00074*4825.49*697.77)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00019
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00083
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00071
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00071 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 597.77) = 0.139 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1277

Deflection check in serviceability Limit State

Ref. staad file for deflection check at mid span of beam.

Deflection due to all loads except train load


Node L/C X-Trans Y-Trans mm Z-Trans mm Absolute mmX-Rotan rad Y-Rotan rad Z-Rotan rad
2214 1101 0.169 -5.941 -0.119 5.944 0 0 -0.001

Deflection due to train load


2214 516 0.586 -0.133 0.37 0.706 0 0 0

ALL LOADS EXCLUDING TRAIN LOAD


LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 1101
ABSOLUTE DISPLACEMENT = 5.941 mm
TRAIN LOAD
LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 516
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT DUE TO MOVING LOAD = 0.133 mm
TOTAL DEFLECTION = 6.074 mm

ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION = MIN. OF (L/350 OR 20 mm) = 20 mm WHICH IS >6.074 mm


HENCE THE BEAM IS SAFE IN DEFLECTION.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1278

Beam number = CB83C & CB83D GRID MKD = 4-5


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 40 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 12.3 m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
6154 1150 +ve 0.00 520.34 0.00 0.00 0.00 905.83
- 2101 NORMA 2301 WIND - - 2205 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2B
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -21.57 0.00 0.00
- - 2306 WIND 2208 SEISM2101 NORMA-
train load Multification factor = 1.75 0.00
6154 1150 +ve 0.00 0.59 0.00 0.43 0.00 0.11
- 202 LOAD GE 528 LOAD GE280 LOAD GE 564 LOAD GE 28 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #28, (25 o
-ve 0.00 -4.88 0.00 -0.44 0.00 -24.28
- 516 LOAD GE 515 LOAD GE145 LOAD GE 438 LOAD GE 565 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #565, (1
Total
6154 1150 +ve 0.00 521.36 0.00 0.75 0.00 905.83
-ve 0.00 -8.54 0.00 -22.34 0.00 0.00
Span Moment
6155 1152 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
- - 2306 WIND - 2306 WIND U -
-ve 0.00 -166.97 0.00 -65.99 0.00 -592.98
- 2205 SEISMI 2301 WIND 2101 NORMAL 2301 WIND U 2101 NORMAL LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 1.75
6155 1152 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.90 0.00 7.36
- - 435 LOAD GEN539 LOAD GEN 472 LOAD GEN507 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #507, (74 of
-ve 0.00 -4.52 0.00 -0.01 0.00 -1.27
- 521 LOAD GEN 642 LOAD GEN217 LOAD GEN 600 LOAD GEN121 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #121, (118 o
Total
6155 1152 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.57 0.00 12.87
-ve 0.00 -166.97 0.00 -66.00 0.00 -595.19
Right Support
6156 1153 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 694.45
- - 2306 WIND - - 2204 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2A
-ve 0.00 -494.44 0.00 -70.65 0.00 0
- 2101 NORMA 2301 WIND 2205 SEISM2304 WIND -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.75 0.00
6156 1153 +ve 0.00 2.87 0.00 0.96 0.00 25.92
- 32 LOAD GEN 630 LOAD GE539 LOAD GE 622 LOAD GE 574 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #574, (1
-ve 0.00 -8.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 -6.428
- 574 LOAD GE 3 BRAKING - 546 LOAD GE 32 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #32, (29 o
Total
6156 1153 +ve 0.00 5.03 0.00 1.69 0.00 694.45
-ve 0.00 -508.45 0.00 -70.65 0.00 0.00

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1279

Beam No.
Remarks
Unit CB 83C CB 83C RIGHT
CB 83C LEFT MIDSPAN - CB 83D
Width of Beam b 450 450 450
Depth of Beam D 1000 1000 1000
Effective Depth d 900 932 932
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 905.83 12.87 694.45
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 905.83 12.87 694.45
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 2.49 0.03 1.78
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pt,Lim % 0.62 0.01 0.43
pt2 % 0.00 0.00 0.00
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 0.62 0.01 0.43
d' mm 68.00 68.00 68.00
d'/d mm 0.08 0.07 0.07
fsc N/mm2 418.84 419.42 419.42 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.304 0.304 0.304 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 2508.0 1273.2 1810.8
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at first layer = 4 4 4
Nos. of bars at second layer = 2 0 0
Nos. of bars at third layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 4825 3217 3217
Ast, provided (%) 1.07 0.71 0.71
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 0.00 595.19 0.00
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 0.00 595.19 0.00
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.00 1.52 0.00
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.00 0.37 0.00
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.304 0.304 0.304
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 1254.0 1538.8 1273.2
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 4 4 4
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 3217 3217 3217
Ast, provided (%) 0.71 0.71 0.71
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1280

CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]


LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y kNmMoment-Z kNm
6154 5000 1150 0 386.968 0 -13.731 0 630.289
1151 0 -163.158 0 13.731 0 333.807
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6154 516 1151 0 5.114 0 -0.13 0 7.245

TOTAL
6154 1151 0 390.04 0 0 0 634.636

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
6156 5000 1152 0 -201.739 0 -47.229 0 -352.038
1153 0 372.118 0 47.229 0 -459.969

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6156 574 1153 0 6.706 0 -0.416 0 -23.327

TOTAL
6156 1153 0 -197.72 0 0 0 -366.0342
0 0 376.14 0 0 0 -459.969

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 521.36 166.97 508.45
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 521.36 166.97 508.45
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 390.04 376.14
Mh kN-m 1606.41 1178.56
Ms kN-m 1133.78 1178.56
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 653.23 693.13
Shear stress N/mm2 1.613 0.398 1.653
% of tensile steel % 1.191 0.767 0.767
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 0.783 0.676 0.676 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.863 0.856 0.856 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)
Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.676 0.579 0.579
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 12
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 2 2 2
Asv provided mm2 226.2 226.2 226.2
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 546.64 546.64 546.64 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 163.57 996.61 148.35 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 100 150 100
Hence Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1281

Side face Reinforcement


Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 450 * 900/100 = 202.5 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 5.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 565.5 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 144.0 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6154 1150 +ve 0 346.972 0 0 0 571.726
- 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - - 1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 0 0 -12.213 0 0
- - - 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA-
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6154 1150 +ve 0 0.585 0 0.428 0 0.107
- 202 LOAD GE 528 LOAD GE 280 LOAD GE 564 LOAD GE 28 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #28, (25 o
-ve 0 -4.881 0 -0.439 0 -24.284
- 516 LOAD GE 515 LOAD GE 145 LOAD GE 438 LOAD GE 565 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #565, (1
Total
6154 1150 +ve 0.00 347.62 0.00 0.43 0.00 571.84
-ve 0.00 -5.37 0.00 -12.65 0.00 -26.71
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 932.00 151.17 104.67


b2 32 2 1608.5 868.00 135.80
900.00 10.364
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
4825.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 244.66 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 302.23 mm
Total compression = 704.74 kN
Total tension = 704.74 kN
Moment = 571.84 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 151.17 / 200000 = 0.00076


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1000.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 932.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1000.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 302.2 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 697.77 * 697.77 / (3 * 200000 * 4825.49 * 629.77) = 0.00012

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1000*697.77/(0.00076*4825.49*697.77)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00019
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00084
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00072
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1282

Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm


Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00072 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 597.77) = 0.142 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1283

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6155 1152 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
- - - - - -

-ve 0.00 -99.89 0.00 -44.03 0.00 -395.26


1101 NORMAL
- 1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMALLC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6155 1152 +ve 0 0 0 0.896 0 7.355
- - 435 LOAD GE539 LOAD GE 472 LOAD GE507 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #507, (7
-ve 0 -4.517 0 -0.007 0 -1.265

- 521 LOAD GE
642 LOAD GE
217 LOAD GE
600 LOAD GE
121 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #121, (1
Total
6155 1152 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.90 0.00 8.09
-ve 0.00 -104.85 0.00 -44.04 0.00 -396.65
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 932.00 145.83 104.67


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
932.00 8.036
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
3217.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 253.36 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 259.45 mm
Total compression = 469.13 kN
Total tension = 469.13 kN
Moment = 396.65 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 145.83 / 200000 = 0.00073


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1000.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 932.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1000.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 259.4 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 740.55 * 740.55 / (3 * 200000 * 3216.99 * 672.55) = 0.00019

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1000*740.55/(0.00073*3216.99*740.55)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00029
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00080
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00061
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00061 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 672.55) = 0.122 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1284

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6156 1153 +ve 0 0 0 0 0 411.196
- - - - - 1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 -329.557 0 -42.447 0 0
- 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA-
TRAIN Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6156 1153 +ve 0 2.873 0 0.964 0 25.92
- 32 LOAD GEN 630 LOAD GE 539 LOAD GE 622 LOAD GE 574 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #574, (1
-ve 0 -8.006 0 0 0 -6.428
- 574 LOAD GE 3 BRAKING - 546 LOAD GE 32 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #32, (29 o
Total
6156 1153 +ve 0.00 3.16 0.00 0.96 0.00 439.71
-ve 0.00 -338.36 0.00 -42.45 0.00 -7.07
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 932.00 161.66 104.67


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
932.00 8.909
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
3217.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 253.36 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 259.45 mm
Total compression = 520.05 kN
Total tension = 520.05 kN
Moment = 439.71 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 161.66 / 200000 = 0.00081


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1000.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 932.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1000.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 259.4 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 740.55 * 740.55 / (3 * 200000 * 3216.99 * 672.55) = 0.00019

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1000*740.55/(0.00081*3216.99*740.55)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00026
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00089
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00070
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.0007 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 672.55) = 0.139 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1285

Deflection check in serviceability Limit State

Ref. staad file for deflection check at mid span of beam.

Deflection due to all loads except train load


Node L/C X-Trans Y-Trans mm Z-Trans mm Absolute mmX-Rotan rad Y-Rotan rad Z-Rotan rad
1151 1101 0.199 -6.103 -0.119 6.107 0 0 -0.001

Deflection due to train load


1151 565 0.582 -0.165 0.366 0.707 0 0 0

ALL LOADS EXCLUDING TRAIN LOAD


LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 1101
ABSOLUTE DISPLACEMENT = 6.103 mm
TRAIN LOAD
LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 565
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT DUE TO MOVING LOAD = 0.165 mm
TOTAL DEFLECTION = 6.268 mm

ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION = MIN. OF (L/350 OR 20 mm) = 20 mm WHICH IS >6.268 mm


HENCE THE BEAM IS SAFE IN DEFLECTION.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


CB - 85
1287

Beam number = CB85C & CB85D GRID MKD = 4-5


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 40 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 9.925 m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
6160 1158 +ve 0.00 530.93 0.00 0.00 0.00 797.22
- 2101 NORMA 2301 WIND - - 2205 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2B
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -18.85 0.00 0.00
- - 2306 WIND 2204 SEISM2101 NORMA-
train load Multification factor = 1.75 0.00
6160 1158 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.09 0.00 0.00
- - 528 LOAD GE559 LOAD GE 564 LOAD GE -
-ve 0.00 -2.83 0.00 -0.30 0.00 -14.19
- 507 LOAD GE 515 LOAD GE31 LOAD GEN 438 LOAD GE 574 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #574, (1
Total
6160 1158 +ve 0.00 530.93 0.00 1.91 0.00 797.22
-ve 0.00 -4.95 0.00 -19.38 0.00 0.00
Span Moment
6164 1159 +ve 0.01 114.13 0.12 7.15 0.21 0.00
2301 WIND UNLOADE2205 SEISMI 2301 WIND 2209 SEISMI 2302 WIND U -
-ve -0.01 -14.19 -0.12 -24.46 -0.21 -685.78
2302 WIND UNLOADE2216 SEISMI 2302 WIND 2204 SEISMI 2301 WIND U 2208 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2B
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 0.00
6164 1159 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.03 0.00 0.55
529 LOAD GENERATION
- 605 LOAD GEN520 LOAD GEN 601 LOAD GEN315 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #315, (97 of
-ve 0.00 -3.63 0.00 -0.83 0.00 -5.43
596 LOAD GENERATION
507 LOAD GEN 601 LOAD GEN212 LOAD GEN 605 LOAD GEN144 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #144, (141 o
Total
6164 1159 +ve 0.01 114.13 0.12 10.71 0.21 0.00
-ve -0.01 -14.19 -0.12 -25.92 -0.21 -685.78
Right Support
6782 1161 +ve 0.01 0.00 0.20 79.56 0.29 1798.55
2302 WIND UNLOAD- 2302 WIND 2204 SEISM2302 WIND 2208 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2B
-ve -0.01 -851.73 -0.20 -29.37 -0.29 0
2301 WIND UNLOAD2205 SEISM2301 WIND 2209 SEISM2301 WIND -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 0.00
6782 1161 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.33 0.00 21.824
596 LOAD GENERATIO - 601 LOAD GE 580 LOAD GE 601 LOAD GE 507 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #507, (7
-ve 0.00 -4.81 0.00 -2.60 0.00 0
529 LOAD GENERATIO 144 LOAD GE 605 LOAD GE 210 LOAD GE 605 LOAD GE -
Total
6782 1161 +ve 0.01 0.00 0.20 88.89 0.29 1798.55
-ve -0.01 -851.73 -0.20 -33.91 -0.29 0.00

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1288

Beam No.
Remarks
Unit CB 85C CB 85C RIGHT
CB 85C LEFT MIDSPAN - CB 85D
Width of Beam b 450 450 450
Depth of Beam D 1000 1000 1000
Effective Depth d 932 932 873
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 797.22 0.00 1798.55
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 797.22 0.00 1798.55
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 2.04 0.00 5.25
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pt,Lim % 0.50 0.00 1.48
pt2 % 0.00 0.00 0.00
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 0.50 0.00 1.48
d' mm 68.00 68.00 68.00
d'/d mm 0.07 0.07 0.08
fsc N/mm2 419.42 419.42 418.29 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.304 0.304 0.304 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 2097.7 1453.6 5814.3
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 25
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at first layer = 4 4 4
Nos. of bars at second layer = 0 0 4
Nos. of bars at third layer = 0 0 2
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 3217 3217 7416
Ast, provided (%) 0.71 0.71 1.65
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 0.00 685.78 0.00
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 0.00 685.78 0.00
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.00 1.75 0.00
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.00 0.43 0.00
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.304 0.304 0.304
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 1453.6 1786.8 2907.1
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 4 4 4
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 3217 3217 3217
Ast, provided (%) 0.71 0.71 0.71
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1289

CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]


LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y kNmMoment-Z kNm
6160 5000 1158 0 394.033 0 -10.823 0 532.369
1159 0 -168.749 0 10.823 0 453.907
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6160 507 1159 0 2.859 0 -0.887 0 4.642

TOTAL
6160 1159 0 395.75 0 0 0 535.1542

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
6782 5000 2202 0 -454.444 0 27.134 0 -352.551
1161 0 624.823 0 -27.134 0 -1174.612

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6782 144 1161 0 4.81 0 2.226 0 -13.278

TOTAL
6782 1161 0 -451.56 0 0 0 -360.5178
0 0 627.71 0 0 0 -1174.612

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 530.93 114.13 851.73
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 530.93 114.13 851.73
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 395.75 627.71
Mh kN-m 1178.56 2147.26
Ms kN-m 1178.56 1095.53
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 864.88 948.49
Shear stress N/mm2 2.062 0.272 2.415
% of tensile steel % 0.767 0.767 1.888
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 0.676 0.676 0.913 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.856 0.856 0.870 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)
Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.579 0.579 0.794
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 12
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 2 2 2
Asv provided mm2 226.2 226.2 226.2
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 546.64 546.64 546.64 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 116.09 2340.86 108.20 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 100 150 100
Hence Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1290

Side face Reinforcement


Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 450 * 932/100 = 209.7 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 5.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 565.5 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 144.0 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6160 1158 +ve 0 360.643 0 0 0 511.558
- 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - - 1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 0 0 -7.717 0 0
- - - 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA-
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6160 1158 +ve 0 0 0 1.089 0 0
- - 528 LOAD GE 559 LOAD GE 564 LOAD GE -
-ve 0 -2.826 0 -0.301 0 -14.193
- 507 LOAD GE 515 LOAD GE 31 LOAD GEN 438 LOAD GE 574 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #574, (1
Total
6160 1158 +ve 0.00 360.64 0.00 1.09 0.00 511.56
-ve 0.00 -3.11 0.00 -8.02 0.00 -15.61
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 932.00 188.07 104.67


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
932.00 10.364
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
3217.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 253.36 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 259.45 mm
Total compression = 605.02 kN
Total tension = 605.02 kN
Moment = 511.56 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 188.07 / 200000 = 0.00094


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1000.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 932.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1000.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 259.4 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 740.55 * 740.55 / (3 * 200000 * 3216.99 * 672.55) = 0.00019

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1000*740.55/(0.00094*3216.99*740.55)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00023
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00104
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00085
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1291

Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm


Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00085 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 672.55) = 0.168 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1292

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6164 1159 +ve 0.00 48.86 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1101 NORMAL LC1 1101 NORMAL
- - 1101 NORMAL-

-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -18.07 0.00 -455.99


1101 NORMAL
- - 1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL
- LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6164 1159 +ve 0 0 0 2.032 0 0.552
529 LOAD GENERATIO
- 605 LOAD GE520 LOAD GE 601 LOAD GE315 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #315, (9
-ve 0 -3.631 0 -0.833 0 -5.434

596 LOAD GENERATIO


507 LOAD GE
601 LOAD GE
212 LOAD GE
605 LOAD GE
144 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #144, (1
Total
6164 1159 +ve 0.00 48.86 0.00 2.03 0.00 0.61
-ve 0.00 -3.99 0.00 -18.91 0.00 -461.97
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 932.00 169.84 104.67


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
932.00 9.360
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
3217.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 253.36 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 259.45 mm
Total compression = 546.37 kN
Total tension = 546.37 kN
Moment = 461.97 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 169.84 / 200000 = 0.00085


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1000.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 932.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1000.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 259.4 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 740.55 * 740.55 / (3 * 200000 * 3216.99 * 672.55) = 0.00019

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1000*740.55/(0.00085*3216.99*740.55)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00025
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00094
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00074
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00074 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 672.55) = 0.148 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1293

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6782 1161 +ve 0 0 0 1.166 0 1001.739
- - 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 -540.005 0 0 0 0
1101 NORMAL LC1 1101 NORMA - - - -
TRAIN Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6782 1161 +ve 0 0 0 5.334 0 21.824
596 LOAD GENERATIO - 601 LOAD GE 580 LOAD GE 601 LOAD GE 507 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #507, (7
-ve 0 -4.81 0 -2.596 0 0
529 LOAD GENERATIO 144 LOAD GE 605 LOAD GE 210 LOAD GE 605 LOAD GE -
Total
6782 1161 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.50 0.00 1025.75
-ve 0.00 -545.30 0.00 -2.60 0.00 0.00
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 932.00 192.74 104.67


b2 32 4 3217.0 868.00 171.47
872.67 16.713
b3 25 2 981.7 818.00 154.86
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
7415.7
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 237.23 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 352.02 mm
Total compression = 1323.72 kN
Total tension = 1323.72 kN
Moment = 1025.75 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 192.74 / 200000 = 0.00096


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1000.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 932.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1000.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 352.0 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 647.98 * 647.98 / (3 * 200000 * 7415.73 * 579.98) = 0.00007

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1000*647.98/(0.00096*7415.73*647.98)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00010
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00108
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00100
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.001 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 520.64) = 0.197 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1294

Deflection check in serviceability Limit State

Ref. staad file for deflection check at mid span of beam.

Deflection due to all loads except train load


Node L/C X-Trans Y-Trans mm Z-Trans mm Absolute mmX-Rotan rad Y-Rotan rad Z-Rotan rad
1159 1101 NORM 0.185 -7.319 -0.102 7.322 0 0 0

Deflection due to train load


1159 507 0.589 -0.042 0.377 0.7 0 0 0

ALL LOADS EXCLUDING TRAIN LOAD


LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 1101 NORMAL LC1
ABSOLUTE DISPLACEMENT = 7.319 mm
TRAIN LOAD
LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 507
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT DUE TO MOVING LOAD = 0.042 mm
TOTAL DEFLECTION = 7.361 mm

ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION = MIN. OF (L/350 OR 20 mm) = 20 mm WHICH IS >7.361 mm


HENCE THE BEAM IS SAFE IN DEFLECTION.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1295

Beam number = CB85A & CB85B GRID MKD = 3-4


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 40 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 13.2 m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
6140 1156 +ve 0.05 601.85 0.25 0.00 0.45 1052.57
2302 WIND UNLOAD2101 NORMA 2301 WIND - 2302 WIND 2101 NORMAL LC1
-ve -0.05 0.00 -0.25 -45.30 -0.45 0.00
2301 WIND UNLOAD- 2302 WIND 2204 SEISM2301 WIND -
train load Multification factor = 1.75 1.75
6140 1156 +ve 0.00 2.87 0.00 0.61 0.00 5.28
515 LOAD GENERATIO 176 LOAD GE 555 LOAD GE 439 LOAD GE 175 LOAD GE 144 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #144, (1
-ve 0.00 -7.17 0.00 -0.65 0.00 -18.82
557 LOAD GENERATIO 446 LOAD GE 175 LOAD GE 171 LOAD GE 555 LOAD GE 447 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #447, (1
Total
6140 1156 +ve 0.05 606.87 0.25 1.07 0.45 1061.81
-ve -0.05 -12.55 -0.25 -46.43 -0.45 -32.94
Span Moment
6858 2244 +ve 0.05 9.59 0.25 0.00 0.55 0.00
2301 WIND UNLOADE2216 SEISMI 2301 WIND - 2301 WIND U -
-ve -0.05 -74.16 -0.25 -26.63 -0.55 -671.16
2302 WIND UNLOADE2205 SEISMI 2302 WIND 2101 NORMAL 2302 WIND U 2101 NORMAL LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 1.75
6858 2244 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.42 0.00 7.47
531 LOAD GENERATION
- 532 LOAD GEN212 LOAD GEN 532 LOAD GEN630 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #630, (197 o
-ve 0.00 -1.93 0.00 -1.11 0.00 -0.78
486 LOAD GENERATION
629 LOAD GEN 572 LOAD GEN562 LOAD GEN 572 LOAD GEN63 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #63, (60 of 21
Total
6858 2244 +ve 0.05 9.59 0.25 0.73 0.55 13.07
-ve -0.05 -74.16 -0.25 -28.57 -0.55 -672.52
Right Support
6864 1158 +ve 0.01 0.00 0.50 8.11 0.91 832.80
2302 WIND UNLOAD- 2302 WIND 2208 SEISM2302 WIND 2101 NORMAL LC1
-ve -0.01 -503.14 -0.50 -9.28 -0.91 0
2301 WIND UNLOAD2101 NORMA 2301 WIND 2255 SEISM2301 WIND -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.75 1.75
6864 1158 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.43 0.00 11.446
571 LOAD GENERATIO - 434 LOAD GE 212 LOAD GE 434 LOAD GE 629 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #629, (1
-ve 0.00 -1.42 0.00 -0.67 0.00 -0.162
505 LOAD GENERATIO 450 LOAD GE 621 LOAD GE 523 LOAD GE 605 LOAD GE 292 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #292, (7
Total
6864 1158 +ve 0.01 0.00 0.50 8.86 0.91 852.83
-ve -0.01 -505.62 -0.50 -10.45 -0.91 -0.28

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1296

Beam No.
CB 85A - CB CB 85B Remarks
Unit
85B LEFT MIDSPAN CB 85B RIGHT
Width of Beam b 450 450 450
Depth of Beam D 1000 1000 1000
Effective Depth d 900 932 932
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 1061.81 13.07 852.83
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 1061.81 13.07 852.83
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 2.91 0.03 2.18
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pt,Lim % 0.74 0.01 0.54
pt2 % 0.00 0.00 0.00
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 0.74 0.01 0.54
d' mm 68.00 68.00 68.00
d'/d mm 0.08 0.07 0.07
fsc N/mm2 418.84 419.42 419.42 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.304 0.304 0.304 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 2987.9 1273.2 2255.3
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at first layer = 4 4 4
Nos. of bars at second layer = 4 0 0
Nos. of bars at third layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 6434 3217 3217
Ast, provided (%) 1.43 0.71 0.71
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 32.94 672.52 0.28
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 32.94 672.52 0.28
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.09 1.72 0.00
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.02 0.42 0.00
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.304 0.304 0.304
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 1493.9 1750.2 1273.2
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 4 4 4
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 3217 3217 3217
Ast, provided (%) 0.71 0.71 0.71
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1297

CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]


LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y kNmMoment-Z kNm
6140 5000 1156 0 427.468 0 -30.568 0 759.952
2241 0 -248.814 0 30.568 0 200.368
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6140 446 2241 0 7.169 0 -0.479 0 -1.539

TOTAL
6140 2241 0 431.77 0 0 0 759.0286

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
6864 5000 2244 0 -232.828 0 -2.857 0 -444.473
1158 0 352.75 0 2.857 0 -581.751

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6864 450 1158 0 1.42 0 0.269 0 -10.324

TOTAL
6864 1158 0 -231.98 0 0 0 -450.6674
0 0 353.60 0 0 0 -581.751

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 606.87 74.16 505.62
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 606.87 74.16 505.62
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 431.77 353.60
Mh kN-m 2016.20 1178.56
Ms kN-m 1133.78 1178.56
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 677.02 692.44
Shear stress N/mm2 1.672 0.177 1.651
% of tensile steel % 1.589 0.767 0.767
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 0.862 0.676 0.676 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.863 0.856 0.856 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)
Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.744 0.579 0.579
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 12
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 2 2 2
Asv provided mm2 226.2 226.2 226.2
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 546.64 546.64 546.64 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 164.71 -114819.41 148.51 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 100 150 100
Hence Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1298

Side face Reinforcement


Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 450 * 900/100 = 202.5 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 5.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 565.5 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 144.0 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6140 1156 +ve 0 443.794 0 0 0 782.541
1101 NORMAL LC1 1101 NORMA - - 1101 NORMA1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 0 0 -21.585 0 0
- - 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6140 1156 +ve 0 2.872 0 0.612 0 5.281
515 LOAD GENERATIO 176 LOAD GE 555 LOAD GE 439 LOAD GE 175 LOAD GE 144 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #144, (1
-ve 0 -7.169 0 -0.646 0 -18.824
557 LOAD GENERATIO 446 LOAD GE 175 LOAD GE 171 LOAD GE 555 LOAD GE 447 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #447, (1
Total
6140 1156 +ve 0.00 446.95 0.00 0.61 0.00 788.35
-ve 0.00 -7.89 0.00 -22.23 0.00 -20.71
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 932.00 163.94 104.67


b2 32 4 3217.0 868.00 146.33
900.00 13.203
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
6434.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 244.66 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 336.00 mm
Total compression = 998.14 kN
Total tension = 998.14 kN
Moment = 788.35 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 163.94 / 200000 = 0.00082


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1000.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 932.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1000.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 336.0 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 664 * 664 / (3 * 200000 * 6433.98 * 596) = 0.00009

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1000*664/(0.00082*6433.98*664)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00013
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00091
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00083
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1299

Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm


Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00083 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 564) = 0.163 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1300

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6858 2244 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
- - 1101 NORMAL
- 1101 NORMAL-

-ve 0.00 -43.52 0.00 -10.61 0.00 -471.90


1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL LC1 1101 NORMAL
- 1101 NORMAL
- LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6858 2244 +ve 0 0 0 0.418 0 7.469
531 LOAD GENERATIO
- 532 LOAD GE212 LOAD GE 532 LOAD GE630 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #630, (1
-ve 0 -1.933 0 -1.108 0 -0.779

486 LOAD GENERATIO


629 LOAD GE
572 LOAD GE
562 LOAD GE
572 LOAD GE
63 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #63, (60 o
Total
6858 2244 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.42 0.00 8.22
-ve 0.00 -45.65 0.00 -11.71 0.00 -472.76
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 932.00 173.81 104.67


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
932.00 9.578
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
3217.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 253.36 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 259.45 mm
Total compression = 559.13 kN
Total tension = 559.13 kN
Moment = 472.76 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 173.81 / 200000 = 0.00087


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1000.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 932.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1000.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 259.4 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 740.55 * 740.55 / (3 * 200000 * 3216.99 * 672.55) = 0.00019

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1000*740.55/(0.00087*3216.99*740.55)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00024
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00096
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00077
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.00077 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 672.55) = 0.153 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1301

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6864 1158 +ve 0 0 0 0 0 577
1101 NORMAL LC1 - 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMA1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 -348.004 0 -8.208 0 0
- 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMA - -
TRAIN Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6864 1158 +ve 0 0 0 0.428 0 11.446
571 LOAD GENERATIO - 434 LOAD GE 212 LOAD GE 434 LOAD GE 629 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #629, (1
-ve 0 -1.42 0 -0.673 0 -0.162
505 LOAD GENERATIO 450 LOAD GE 621 LOAD GE 523 LOAD GE 605 LOAD GE 292 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #292, (7
Total
6864 1158 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.43 0.00 589.59
-ve 0.00 -349.57 0.00 -8.88 0.00 -0.18
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 4 3217.0 932.00 216.76 104.67


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
932.00 11.945
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
3217.0
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 253.36 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 259.45 mm
Total compression = 697.31 kN
Total tension = 697.31 kN
Moment = 589.59 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 216.76 / 200000 = 0.00108


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1000.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 932.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1000.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 259.4 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 740.55 * 740.55 / (3 * 200000 * 3216.99 * 672.55) = 0.00019

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1000*740.55/(0.00108*3216.99*740.55)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00020
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00119
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00100
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 69.81 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 69.81 * 0.001 / (1 + 2 * 17.81 / 672.55) = 0.200 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1302

Deflection check in serviceability Limit State

Ref. staad file for deflection check at mid span of beam.

Deflection due to all loads except train load


Node L/C X-Trans Y-Trans mm Z-Trans mm Absolute mmX-Rotan rad Y-Rotan rad Z-Rotan rad
2244 1101 NORM 0.179 -8.079 -0.102 8.082 0 0 0

Deflection due to train load


2244 475 0.594 0.009 0.379 0.705 0 0 0

ALL LOADS EXCLUDING TRAIN LOAD


LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 1101 NORMAL LC1
ABSOLUTE DISPLACEMENT = 8.079 mm
TRAIN LOAD
LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 475
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT DUE TO MOVING LOAD = 0.009 mm
TOTAL DEFLECTION = 8.088 mm

ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION = MIN. OF (L/350 OR 20 mm) = 20 mm WHICH IS >8.088 mm


HENCE THE BEAM IS SAFE IN DEFLECTION.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


CB - 86
1304

Beam number = CB86A & CB86B GRID MKD = 3-4


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 40 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 13.2 m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
6118 1166 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00
17.91 0.00 549.43
- - - 2208 SEISM2302 WIND 2101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0.00 -245.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
- 2101 NORMA 2303 WIND - - -
train load Multification factor = 1.75 1.75
6118 1166 +ve 0.00 0.63 0.00 0.28 0.00 0.00
- 484 LOAD GE 597 LOAD GE443 LOAD GE 540 LOAD GE -
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.41 0.00 -2.34
- - 589 LOAD GE574 LOAD GE 512 LOAD GE 484 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #484, (5
Total
6118 1166 +ve 0.00 1.09 0.00 18.41 0.00 549.43
-ve 0.00 -245.25 0.00 -0.71 0.00 -4.10
Span Moment
6859 2245 +ve 0.14 35.18 0.22 0.00 0.52 0.00
2301 WIND UNLOADE2216 SEISMI 2301 WIND - 2301 WIND U -
-ve -0.14 -79.58 -0.22 -38.96 -0.52 -470.70
2302 WIND UNLOADE2255 SEISMI 2302 WIND 2205 SEISMI 2302 WIND U 2101 NORMAL LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 1.75
6859 2245 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.60 0.00 5.72
465 LOAD GENERATION
- 532 LOAD GEN445 LOAD GEN 621 LOAD GEN601 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #601, (168 o
-ve 0.00 -2.77 0.00 -0.52 0.00 -1.13
524 LOAD GENERATION
454 LOAD GEN 526 LOAD GEN65 LOAD GENE 526 LOAD GEN306 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #306, (88 of
Total
6859 2245 +ve 0.14 35.18 0.22 1.05 0.52 10.00
-ve -0.14 -79.58 -0.22 -39.88 -0.52 -472.68
Right Support
6865 1168 +ve 0.06 0.00 0.69 13.38 1.26 773.94
2302 WIND UNLOAD- 2302 WIND 2258 SEISM2302 WIND 2101 NORMAL LC1
-ve -0.06 -485.90 -0.69 -9.27 -1.26 0
2301 WIND UNLOAD2101 NORMA 2301 WIND 2213 SEISM2301 WIND -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.75 1.75
6865 1168 +ve 0.00 0.96 0.00 0.55 0.00 18.065
596 LOAD GENERATIO 104 LOAD GE 434 LOAD GE 642 LOAD GE 434 LOAD GE 630 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #630, (1
-ve 0.00 -4.49 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.64
457 LOAD GENERATIO 525 LOAD GE 621 LOAD GE - 621 LOAD GE 104 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #104, (1
Total
6865 1168 +ve 0.06 1.67 0.69 14.34 1.26 805.55
-ve -0.06 -493.76 -0.69 -9.27 -1.26 -1.12

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1305

Beam No.
CB 86A - CB CB 86B Remarks
Unit
86B LEFT MIDSPAN CB 86B RIGHT
Width of Beam b 450 450 450
Depth of Beam D 1000 1000 1000
Effective Depth d 932 932 900
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 549.43 10.00 805.55
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 549.43 10.00 805.55
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 1.41 0.03 2.21
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pt,Lim % 0.34 0.01 0.55
pt2 % 0.00 0.00 0.00
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 0.34 0.01 0.55
d' mm 68.00 68.00 68.00
d'/d mm 0.07 0.07 0.08
fsc N/mm2 419.42 419.42 418.84 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.304 0.304 0.304 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 1415.0 1273.2 2208.3
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at first layer = 3 3 3
Nos. of bars at second layer = 0 0 2
Nos. of bars at third layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 2413 2413 4021
Ast, provided (%) 0.54 0.54 0.89
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 4.10 472.68 1.12
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 4.10 472.68 1.12
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.01 1.21 0.00
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.00 0.29 0.00
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.304 0.304 0.304
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 1273.2 1273.2 1229.5
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 3 3 3
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 2413 2413 2413
Ast, provided (%) 0.54 0.54 0.54
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1306

CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]


LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y kNmMoment-Z kNm
6142 5000 1166 0 228.9 0 -24.595 0 362.587
2242 0 -125.954 0 24.595 0 141.306
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6142 170 2242 0 1.635 0 0.663 0 -2.977

TOTAL
6142 2242 0 229.88 0 0 0 360.8008

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
6865 5000 2245 0 -118.773 0 4.748 0 -280.036
1168 0 342.583 0 -4.748 0 -528.49

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6865 525 1168 0 4.494 0 -0.283 0 -17.214

TOTAL
6865 1168 0 -116.08 0 0 0 -290.3644
0 0 345.28 0 0 0 -528.49

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 245.25 79.58 493.76
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 245.25 79.58 493.76
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 229.88 345.28
Mh kN-m 907.48 1377.95
Ms kN-m 907.48 873.90
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 472.27 534.21
Shear stress N/mm2 1.126 0.190 1.319
% of tensile steel % 0.575 0.575 0.993
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 0.614 0.614 0.737 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.856 0.856 0.863 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)
Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.526 0.526 0.636
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 12
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 2 2 2
Asv provided mm2 226.2 226.2 226.2
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 546.64 546.64 546.64 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 218.60 3419.47 201.93 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 100 150 100
Hence Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1307

Side face Reinforcement


Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 450 * 932/100 = 209.7 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 5.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 565.5 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 144.0 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6118 1166 +ve 0 0 0 7.728 0 366.28
- - - 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 -163.501 0 0 0 0
- 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - - -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6118 1166 +ve 0 0.625 0 0.284 0 0
- 484 LOAD GE 597 LOAD GE 443 LOAD GE 540 LOAD GE -
-ve 0 0 0 -0.408 0 -2.341
- - 589 LOAD GE 574 LOAD GE 512 LOAD GE 484 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #484, (5
Total
6118 1166 +ve 0.00 0.69 0.00 8.01 0.00 366.28
-ve 0.00 -163.50 0.00 -0.41 0.00 -2.58
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 3 2412.7 932.00 177.46 157.00


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
932.00 8.288
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
2412.7
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 253.36 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 229.62 mm
Total compression = 428.17 kN
Total tension = 428.17 kN
Moment = 366.28 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 177.46 / 200000 = 0.00089


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1000.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 932.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1000.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 229.6 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 770.38 * 770.38 / (3 * 200000 * 2412.74 * 702.38) = 0.00026

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1000*770.38/(0.00089*2412.74*770.38)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00032
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00097
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00071
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 87.86 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1308

Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm


Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 87.86 * 0.00071 / (1 + 2 * 35.86 / 702.38) = 0.170 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1309

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6859 2245 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1101 NORMAL LC1 - - - - -

-ve 0.00 -52.55 0.00 -23.48 0.00 -313.73


1101 NORMAL
- 1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMALLC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6859 2245 +ve 0 0 0 0.598 0 5.717
465 LOAD GENERATIO
- 532 LOAD GE445 LOAD GE 621 LOAD GE601 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #601, (1
-ve 0 -2.774 0 -0.524 0 -1.131

524 LOAD GENERATIO


454 LOAD GE
526 LOAD GE
65 LOAD GEN
526 LOAD GE
306 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #306, (8
Total
6859 2245 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.60 0.00 6.29
-ve 0.00 -55.61 0.00 -24.00 0.00 -314.98
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 3 2412.7 932.00 152.60 157.00


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
932.00 7.127
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
2412.7
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 253.36 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 229.62 mm
Total compression = 368.20 kN
Total tension = 368.20 kN
Moment = 314.98 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 152.6 / 200000 = 0.00076


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1000.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 932.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1000.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 229.6 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 770.38 * 770.38 / (3 * 200000 * 2412.74 * 702.38) = 0.00026

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1000*770.38/(0.00076*2412.74*770.38)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00037
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00084
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00057
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 87.86 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 87.86 * 0.00057 / (1 + 2 * 35.86 / 702.38) = 0.137 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1310

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6865 1168 +ve 0 0 0 6.214 0 515.901
1101 NORMAL LC1 - - 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 -323.873 0 0 0 0
- 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMA-
TRAIN Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6865 1168 +ve 0 0.957 0 0.55 0 18.065
596 LOAD GENERATIO 104 LOAD GE 434 LOAD GE 642 LOAD GE 434 LOAD GE 630 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #630, (1
-ve 0 -4.494 0 0 0 -0.64
457 LOAD GENERATIO 525 LOAD GE 621 LOAD GE - 621 LOAD GE 104 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #104, (1
Total
6865 1168 +ve 0.00 1.05 0.00 6.76 0.00 535.77
-ve 0.00 -328.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.70
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 3 2412.7 932.00 170.23 157.00


b2 32 2 1608.5 868.00 153.52
900.00 10.441
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
4021.2
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 244.66 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 279.95 mm
Total compression = 657.67 kN
Total tension = 657.67 kN
Moment = 535.77 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 170.23 / 200000 = 0.00085


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1000.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 932.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1000.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 280.0 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 720.05 * 720.05 / (3 * 200000 * 4021.24 * 652.05) = 0.00015

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1000*720.05/(0.00085*4021.24*720.05)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00020
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00094
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00079
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 87.86 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 87.86 * 0.00079 / (1 + 2 * 35.86 / 620.05) = 0.187 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1311

Deflection check in serviceability Limit State

Ref. staad file for deflection check at mid span of beam.

Deflection due to all loads except train load


Node L/C X-Trans Y-Trans mm Z-Trans mm Absolute mmX-Rotan rad Y-Rotan rad Z-Rotan rad
2245 1101 0.169 -5.95 -0.156 5.955 0 0 0.001

Deflection due to train load


2245 629 0.584 0.152 0.371 0.708 0 0 0

ALL LOADS EXCLUDING TRAIN LOAD


LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 1101
ABSOLUTE DISPLACEMENT = 5.95 mm
TRAIN LOAD
LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 629
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT DUE TO MOVING LOAD = 0.152 mm
TOTAL DEFLECTION = 6.102 mm

ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION = MIN. OF (L/350 OR 20 mm) = 20 mm WHICH IS >6.102 mm


HENCE THE BEAM IS SAFE IN DEFLECTION.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1312

Beam number = CB86C & CB86D GRID MKD = 4-5


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 40 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 13.2 m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
6168 1168 +ve 0.00 341.55 0.00 12.31 0.00 685.55
- 2101 NORMA 2301 WIND 2213 SEISM- 2205 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2B
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -12.73 0.00 -1.99
- - 2306 WIND 2208 SEISM2101 NORMA2216 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2B
train load Multification factor = 1.75 0.00
6168 1168 +ve 0.00 1.36 0.00 0.84 0.00 0.94
- 556 LOAD GE 528 LOAD GE501 LOAD GE 564 LOAD GE 315 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #315, (9
-ve 0.00 -1.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 -10.16
- 63 LOAD GEN 515 LOAD GE- 438 LOAD GE 104 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #104, (1
Total
6168 1168 +ve 0.00 343.93 0.00 13.78 0.00 685.55
-ve 0.00 -3.18 0.00 -12.73 0.00 -1.99
Span Moment
6170 1169 +ve 0.02 74.20 0.24 60.59 0.42 0.00
2301 WIND UNLOADE2205 SEISMI 2301 WIND 2101 NORMAL 2302 WIND U -
-ve -0.02 -53.67 -0.24 0.00 -0.42 -488.14
2302 WIND UNLOADE2216 SEISMI 2302 WIND - 2301 WIND U 2208 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2B
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 0.00
6170 1169 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 0.00 0.00
480 LOAD GENERATION
- 578 LOAD GEN68 LOAD GENE 576 LOAD GEN-
-ve 0.00 -2.99 0.00 -0.95 0.00 -6.51
486 LOAD GENERATION
507 LOAD GEN 576 LOAD GEN635 LOAD GEN 578 LOAD GEN601 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #601, (168 o
Total
6170 1169 +ve 0.02 74.20 0.24 61.37 0.42 0.00
-ve -0.02 -53.67 -0.24 -1.66 -0.42 -488.14
Right Support
6783 1170 +ve 0.02 0.00 0.42 64.68 0.61 586.12
2302 WIND UNLOAD- 2302 WIND 2204 SEISM2302 WIND 2208 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2B
-ve -0.02 -280.58 -0.42 0.00 -0.61 0
2301 WIND UNLOAD2101 NORMA 2301 WIND - 2301 WIND -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.75 0.00
6783 1170 +ve 0.00 2.15 0.00 0.76 0.00 7.475
449 LOAD GENERATIO 539 LOAD GE 576 LOAD GE 66 LOAD GEN 576 LOAD GE 4 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #4, (1 of 21
-ve 0.00 -2.30 0.00 -2.20 0.00 -1.197
480 LOAD GENERATIO 212 LOAD GE 578 LOAD GE 639 LOAD GE 578 LOAD GE 597 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #597, (1
Total
6783 1170 +ve 0.02 3.76 0.42 66.01 0.61 586.12
-ve -0.02 -284.59 -0.42 -3.84 -0.61 0.00

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1313

Beam No.
Remarks
Unit CB 86C CB 86C RIGHT
CB 86C LEFT MIDSPAN - CB 86D
Width of Beam b 450 450 450
Depth of Beam D 1000 1000 1000
Effective Depth d 900 932 932
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 685.55 0.00 586.12
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 685.55 0.00 586.12
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 1.88 0.00 1.50
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pt,Lim % 0.46 0.00 0.36
pt2 % 0.00 0.00 0.00
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 0.46 0.00 0.36
d' mm 68.00 68.00 68.00
d'/d mm 0.08 0.07 0.07
fsc N/mm2 418.84 419.42 419.42 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.304 0.304 0.304 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 1857.7 1273.2 1514.1
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at first layer = 3 3 3
Nos. of bars at second layer = 2 0 0
Nos. of bars at third layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 4021 2413 2413
Ast, provided (%) 0.89 0.54 0.54
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 1.99 488.14 0.00
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 1.99 488.14 0.00
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.01 1.25 0.00
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.00 0.30 0.00
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.304 0.304 0.304
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 1229.5 1273.2 1273.2
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 3 3 3
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 2413 2413 2413
Ast, provided (%) 0.54 0.54 0.54
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1314

CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]


LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y kNmMoment-Z kNm
6168 5000 1168 0 251.209 0 0.525 0 384.585
1169 0 -128.338 0 -0.525 0 280.571
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6168 63 1169 0 1.819 0 -0.169 0 2.427

TOTAL
6168 1169 0 252.30 0 0 0 386.0412

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
6783 5000 2203 0 -118.28 0 43.338 0 -111.844
1170 0 203.818 0 -43.338 0 -343.925

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6783 212 1170 0 2.296 0 -0.269 0 -6.869

TOTAL
6783 1170 0 -116.90 0 0 0 -115.9654
0 0 205.20 0 0 0 -343.925

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 343.93 74.20 284.59
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 343.93 74.20 284.59
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 252.30 205.20
Mh kN-m 1377.95 907.48
Ms kN-m 873.90 907.48
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 441.23 447.59
Shear stress N/mm2 1.089 0.177 1.067
% of tensile steel % 0.993 0.575 0.575
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 0.737 0.614 0.614 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.863 0.856 0.856 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)
Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.636 0.526 0.526
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 12
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 2 2 2
Asv provided mm2 226.2 226.2 226.2
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 546.64 546.64 546.64 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 256.27 4276.80 232.26 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 100 150 100
Hence Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1315

Side face Reinforcement


Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 450 * 900/100 = 202.5 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 4.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 452.4 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 172.8 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6168 1168 +ve 0 227.647 0 1.059 0 356.312
- 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 0 0 0 0 0
- - - - 1101 NORMA-
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6168 1168 +ve 0 1.356 0 0.839 0 0.937
- 556 LOAD GE 528 LOAD GE 501 LOAD GE 564 LOAD GE 315 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #315, (9
-ve 0 -1.819 0 0 0 -10.158
- 63 LOAD GEN 515 LOAD GE - 438 LOAD GE 104 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #104, (1
Total
6168 1168 +ve 0.00 229.14 0.00 1.90 0.00 357.34
-ve 0.00 -2.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -11.17
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 3 2412.7 932.00 113.54 157.00


b2 32 2 1608.5 868.00 102.40
900.00 6.964
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
4021.2
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 244.66 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 279.95 mm
Total compression = 438.64 kN
Total tension = 438.64 kN
Moment = 357.34 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 113.54 / 200000 = 0.00057


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1000.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 932.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1000.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 280.0 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 720.05 * 720.05 / (3 * 200000 * 4021.24 * 652.05) = 0.00015

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1000*720.05/(0.00057*4021.24*720.05)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00030
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00063
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00048
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 87.86 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1316

Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm


Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 87.86 * 0.00048 / (1 + 2 * 35.86 / 620.05) = 0.113 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1317

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6170 1169 +ve 0.00 13.34 0.00 40.40 0.00 0.00
- 1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL
- -

-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -264.34


1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL LC1 - - - 1101 NORMALLC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6170 1169 +ve 0 0 0 0.445 0 0
480 LOAD GENERATIO
- 578 LOAD GE68 LOAD GEN 576 LOAD GE-
-ve 0 -2.987 0 -0.947 0 -6.511

486 LOAD GENERATIO


507 LOAD GE
576 LOAD GE
635 LOAD GE
578 LOAD GE
601 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #601, (1
Total
6170 1169 +ve 0.00 13.34 0.00 40.85 0.00 0.00
-ve 0.00 -3.29 0.00 -0.95 0.00 -271.50
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 3 2412.7 932.00 131.54 157.00


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
932.00 6.143
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
2412.7
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 253.36 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 229.62 mm
Total compression = 317.38 kN
Total tension = 317.38 kN
Moment = 271.50 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 131.54 / 200000 = 0.00066


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1000.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 932.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1000.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 229.6 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 770.38 * 770.38 / (3 * 200000 * 2412.74 * 702.38) = 0.00026

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1000*770.38/(0.00066*2412.74*770.38)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00043
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00072
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00046
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 87.86 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 87.86 * 0.00046 / (1 + 2 * 35.86 / 702.38) = 0.110 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1318

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6783 1170 +ve 0 0 0 39.093 0 323.116
1101 NORMAL LC1 - - 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 -187.061 0 0 0 0
- 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMA-
TRAIN Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6783 1170 +ve 0 2.147 0 0.762 0 7.475
449 LOAD GENERATIO 539 LOAD GE 576 LOAD GE 66 LOAD GEN 576 LOAD GE 4 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #4, (1 of 21
-ve 0 -2.296 0 -2.196 0 -1.197
480 LOAD GENERATIO 212 LOAD GE 578 LOAD GE 639 LOAD GE 578 LOAD GE 597 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #597, (1
Total
6783 1170 +ve 0.00 2.36 0.00 39.86 0.00 331.34
-ve 0.00 -189.59 0.00 -2.20 0.00 -1.32
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 3 2412.7 932.00 160.53 157.00


b2 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
932.00 7.497
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
2412.7
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 253.36 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 229.62 mm
Total compression = 387.32 kN
Total tension = 387.32 kN
Moment = 331.34 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 160.53 / 200000 = 0.00080


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1000.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 932.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1000.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 229.6 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 770.38 * 770.38 / (3 * 200000 * 2412.74 * 702.38) = 0.00026

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1000*770.38/(0.0008*2412.74*770.38)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00035
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00088
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00062
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 87.86 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 87.86 * 0.00062 / (1 + 2 * 35.86 / 702.38) = 0.148 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1319

Deflection check in serviceability Limit State

Ref. staad file for deflection check at mid span of beam.

Deflection due to all loads except train load


Node L/C X-Trans Y-Trans mm Z-Trans mm Absolute mmX-Rotan rad Y-Rotan rad Z-Rotan rad
1169 1101 0.199 -4.902 -0.156 4.908 0 0 0.001

Deflection due to train load


1169 131 -0.304 -0.109 0.144 0.354 0 0 0

ALL LOADS EXCLUDING TRAIN LOAD


LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 1101
ABSOLUTE DISPLACEMENT = 4.902 mm
TRAIN LOAD
LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 131
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT DUE TO MOVING LOAD = 0.109 mm
TOTAL DEFLECTION = 5.011 mm

ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION = MIN. OF (L/350 OR 20 mm) = 20 mm WHICH IS >5.011 mm


HENCE THE BEAM IS SAFE IN DEFLECTION.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


CB - 87
1321

Beam number = CB87A,CB87B GRID MKD = 3-4


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 40 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 13.18 m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
6098 1172 +ve 0.42 1915.18 10.06 397.61 14.69 3780.71
2302 WIND UNLOAD2205 SEISM2301 WIND 2201 SEISM2302 WIND 2205 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2B
-ve -0.42 0.00 -10.06 -71.71 -14.69 -1008.11
2301 WIND UNLOAD- 2302 WIND 2212 SEISM2301 WIND 2216 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2B
train load Multification factor = 0.00 0.00
6098 1172 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 16.02 0.00 23.17
476 LOAD GENERATIO - 540 LOAD GE 169 LOAD GE 469 LOAD GE 131 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #131, (1
-ve 0.00 -19.56 0.00 -18.29 0.00 -92.66
- 461 LOAD GE 472 LOAD GE 502 LOAD GE 194 LOAD GE 480 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #480, (4
Total
6098 1172 +ve 0.42 1915.18 10.06 397.61 14.69 3780.71
-ve -0.42 0.00 -10.06 -71.71 -14.69 -1008.11
Span Moment
6856 2243 +ve 0.25 402.56 2.96 221.84 5.74 0.00
2301 WIND UNLOADE2216 SEISMI 2302 WIND 2208 SEISMI 2301 WIND U -
-ve -0.25 -629.93 -2.96 0.00 -5.74 -3140.04
2302 WIND UNLOADE2205 SEISMI 2301 WIND - 2302 WIND U 2205 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2B
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 0.00
6856 2243 +ve 0.00 0.38 0.00 8.95 0.00 53.79
631 LOAD GENERATION
131 LOAD GEN 131 LOAD GEN556 LOAD GEN 561 LOAD GEN601 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #601, (168 o
-ve 0.00 -22.00 0.00 -0.20 0.00 -2.45
480 LOAD GENERATION
461 LOAD GEN 488 LOAD GEN434 LOAD GEN 488 LOAD GEN265 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #265, (47 of
Total
6856 2243 +ve 0.25 402.56 2.96 221.84 5.74 0.00
-ve -0.25 -629.93 -2.96 0.00 -5.74 -3140.04
Right Support
6862 1174 +ve 0.10 0.00 11.66 0.00 17.22 7526.16
2301 WIND UNLOAD- 2302 WIND - 2302 WIND 2208 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2B
-ve -0.10 -2662.52 -11.66 -738.93 -17.22 -718.882
2302 WIND UNLOAD2205 SEISM2301 WIND 2201 SEISM2301 WIND 2213 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2B
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 0.00
6862 1174 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 29.95 0.00 144.529
571 LOAD GENERATIO - 645 LOAD GE 556 LOAD GE 645 LOAD GE 3 BRAKING + TRACTIVE + RACKING BO
-ve 0.00 -27.01 0.00 -8.93 0.00 0
477 LOAD GENERATIO 3 BRAKING 498 LOAD GE 61 LOAD GEN 498 LOAD GE -
Total
6862 1174 +ve 0.10 0.00 11.66 0.00 17.22 7526.16
-ve -0.10 -2662.52 -11.66 -738.93 -17.22 -718.88

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1322

Beam No.
CB 87A/CB CB 87B MID Remarks
Unit
87B LEFT SPAN CB 87B RIGHT
Width of Beam b 900 900 900
Depth of Beam D 1500 1500 1500
Effective Depth d 1400 1400 1368
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 3780.71 0.00 7526.16
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 3780.71 0.00 7526.16
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 2.14 0.00 4.47
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pt,Lim % 0.53 0.00 1.21
pt2 % 0.00 0.00 0.00
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 0.53 0.00 1.21
d' mm 68.00 68.00 68.00
d'/d mm 0.05 0.05 0.05
fsc N/mm2 424.08 424.08 423.90 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.304 0.304 0.304 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 6646.8 3825.1 14903.1
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at first layer = 7 7 7
Nos. of bars at second layer = 3 0 7
Nos. of bars at third layer = 0 0 7
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 8042 5630 16889
Ast, provided (%) 0.60 0.42 1.25
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 1008.11 3140.04 718.88
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 1008.11 3140.04 718.88
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.57 1.78 0.43
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.13 0.43 0.10
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.304 0.304 0.304
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 3825.1 5451.2 7451.5
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 7 7 7
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 0 3 3
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 5630 8042 8042
Ast, provided (%) 0.42 0.60 0.60
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1323

CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]


LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNm
Moment-Y kNmMoment-Z kNm
6098 5000 1172 0 1180.408 0 88.846 0 1455.238
2240 0 -858.576 0 -88.846 0 1440.121
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6098 461 2240 0 19.597 0 15.579 0 31.313

TOTAL
6098 2240 0 1192.17 0 0 0 1474.0258

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
6862 5000 2243 0 -1304.7 0 -425.684 0 -1732.649
1174 0 1756.327 0 425.684 0 -3580.019

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6862 3 1174 0 27.005 0 -13.614 0 -144.529

TOTAL
6862 1174 0 -1288.50 0 0 0 -1819.3664
0 0 1772.53 0 0 0 -3580.019

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 1915.18 629.93 2662.52
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 1915.18 629.93 2662.52
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 1192.17 1772.53
Mh kN-m 4505.13 8318.45
Ms kN-m 3236.07 4393.18
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 2419.51 2717.72
Shear stress N/mm2 1.920 0.500 2.207
% of tensile steel % 0.638 0.447 1.372
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 0.636 0.565 0.821 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.773 0.773 0.778 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)
Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.492 0.437 0.638
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 12
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 4 4 4
Asv provided mm2 452.4 452.4 452.4
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 546.64 546.64 546.64 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 119.58 471.88 111.04 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 100 150 100
Hence Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1324

Side face Reinforcement


Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 900 * 1400/100 = 630.0 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 8.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 904.8 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 151.6 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6098 1172 +ve 0 1071.033 0 33.26 0 1313.072
- 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 0 0 0 0 0
1101 NORMAL LC1 - 1101 NORMA - - -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6098 1172 +ve 0 0 0 16.016 0 23.169
476 LOAD GENERATIO - 540 LOAD GE 169 LOAD GE 469 LOAD GE 131 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #131, (1
-ve 0 -19.558 0 -18.285 0 -92.658
- 461 LOAD GE 472 LOAD GE 502 LOAD GE 194 LOAD GE 480 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #480, (4
Total
6098 1172 +ve 0.00 1071.03 0.00 49.28 0.00 1338.56
-ve 0.00 -21.51 0.00 -18.29 0.00 -101.92
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 7 5629.7 1432.00 131.10 127.33


b2 32 3 2412.7 1368.00 123.25
1400.00 6.347
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
8042.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 380.58 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 362.49 mm
Total compression = 1035.40 kN
Total tension = 1035.40 kN
Moment = 1338.56 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 131.1 / 200000 = 0.00066


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 362.5 mm
Width of section, b = 900.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 900 * 1137.51 * 1137.51 / (3 * 200000 * 8042.48 * 1069.51) = 0.00023

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*900*1500*1137.51/(0.00066*8042.48*1137.51)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00039
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00070
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00047
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 77.15 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1325

Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm


Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 77.15 * 0.00047 / (1 + 2 * 25.15 / 1037.51) = 0.104 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1326

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6856 2243 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 119.19 0.00 0.00
- - - 1101 NORMAL
- -

-ve 0.00 -122.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1566.84


1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL LC1 1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL
- 1101 NORMALLC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6856 2243 +ve 0 0.383 0 8.951 0 53.793
631 LOAD GENERATIO
131 LOAD GE 131 LOAD GE556 LOAD GE 561 LOAD GE601 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #601, (1
-ve 0 -22.004 0 -0.199 0 -2.446

480 LOAD GENERATIO


461 LOAD GE
488 LOAD GE
434 LOAD GE
488 LOAD GE
265 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #265, (4
Total
6856 2243 +ve 0.00 0.42 0.00 128.14 0.00 59.17
-ve 0.00 -147.19 0.00 -0.20 0.00 -1569.53
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 7 5629.7 1432.00 153.72 127.33


b2 32 3 2412.7 1368.00 144.52
1400.00 7.443
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
8042.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 380.58 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 362.49 mm
Total compression = 1214.07 kN
Total tension = 1214.07 kN
Moment = 1569.53 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 153.72 / 200000 = 0.00077


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 362.5 mm
Width of section, b = 900.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 900 * 1137.51 * 1137.51 / (3 * 200000 * 8042.48 * 1069.51) = 0.00023

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*900*1500*1137.51/(0.00077*8042.48*1137.51)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00033
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00082
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00059
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 77.15 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 77.15 * 0.00059 / (1 + 2 * 25.15 / 1037.51) = 0.131 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1327

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6862 1174 +ve 0 0 0 0 0 3166.442
1101 NORMAL LC1 - 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMA1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 -1526.952 0 -318.899 0 0
- 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMA - -
TRAIN Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6862 1174 +ve 0 0 0 29.951 0 144.529
571 LOAD GENERATIO - 645 LOAD GE 556 LOAD GE 645 LOAD GE 3 BRAKING + TRACTIVE + RACKING BO
-ve 0 -27.005 0 -8.927 0 0
477 LOAD GENERATIO 3 BRAKING 498 LOAD GE 61 LOAD GEN 498 LOAD GE -
Total
6862 1174 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 29.95 0.00 3325.42
-ve 0.00 -1556.66 0.00 -327.83 0.00 0.00
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 7 5629.7 1432.00 174.44 127.33


b2 32 7 5629.7 1368.00 162.68
1368.00 12.658
b3 32 7 5629.7 1304.00 150.93
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
16889.2
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 371.88 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 482.36 mm
Total compression = 2747.61 kN
Total tension = 2747.61 kN
Moment = 3325.42 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 174.44 / 200000 = 0.00087


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 482.4 mm
Width of section, b = 900.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 900 * 1017.64 * 1017.64 / (3 * 200000 * 16889.2 * 949.64) = 0.00010

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*900*1500*1017.64/(0.00087*16889.2*1017.64)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00014
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00093
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00084
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 77.15 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 77.15 * 0.00084 / (1 + 2 * 25.15 / 885.64) = 0.183 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1328

Deflection check in serviceability Limit State

Ref. staad file for deflection check at mid span of beam.

Deflection due to all loads except train load


Node L/C X-Trans Y-Trans mm Z-Trans mm Absolute mmX-Rotan rad Y-Rotan rad Z-Rotan rad
2240 1101 0.153 -2.55 -0.174 2.56 0 0 0

Deflection due to train load


2240 521 0.588 -0.042 0.379 0.701 0 0 0

ALL LOADS EXCLUDING TRAIN LOAD


LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 1101
ABSOLUTE DISPLACEMENT = 2.55 mm
TRAIN LOAD
LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 521
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT DUE TO MOVING LOAD = 0.042 mm
TOTAL DEFLECTION = 2.592 mm

ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION = MIN. OF (L/350 OR 20 mm) = 20 mm WHICH IS >2.592 mm


HENCE THE BEAM IS SAFE IN DEFLECTION.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1329

Beam number = CB87C,CB87D GRID MKD = 4-5


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 40 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 9.925 m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
6100 1174 +ve 0.00 2705.19 5.09 863.19 3.14 7723.47
- 2205 SEISM2301 WIND 2201 SEISM2302 WIND 2205 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2B
-ve 0.00 0.00 -5.09 0.00 -3.14 -690.31
- - 2302 WIND - 2301 WIND 2216 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2B
train load Multification factor = 0.00 0.00
6100 1174 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.71 0.00 0.00
- - 513 LOAD GE 63 LOAD GEN 605 LOAD GE-
-ve 0.00 -32.98 0.00 -34.03 0.00 -178.79
- 521 LOAD GE 470 LOAD GE 556 LOAD GE 625 LOAD GE561 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #561, (1
Total
6100 1174 +ve 0.00 2705.19 5.09 863.19 3.14 7723.47
-ve 0.00 0.00 -5.09 0.00 -3.14 -690.31
Span Moment
6100 1175 +ve 0.00 2117.62 5.09 863.19 3.14 0.00
- 2208 SEISMI 2302 WIND 2204 SEISMI 2302 WIND U -
-ve 0.00 0.00 -5.09 0.00 -3.14 -3228.85
- - 2301 WIND - 2301 WIND U 2205 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2B
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 0.00
6100 1175 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.71 0.00 0.00
- - 513 LOAD GEN63 LOAD GENE 619 LOAD GENE-
-ve 0.00 -32.98 0.00 -34.03 0.00 -68.29
- 521 LOAD GEN 470 LOAD GEN556 LOAD GEN 605 LOAD GENE601 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #601, (168 o
Total
6100 1175 +ve 0.00 2117.62 5.09 863.19 3.14 0.00
-ve 0.00 0.00 -5.09 0.00 -3.14 -3228.85
Right Support
6780 1176 +ve 0.05 0.00 9.63 62.01 10.40 3421.69
2302 WIND UNLOAD- 2302 WIND 2212 SEISM2302 WIND 2208 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2B
-ve -0.05 -1801.62 -9.63 -408.57 -10.40 -1269.758
2301 WIND UNLOAD2205 SEISM2301 WIND 2201 SEISM2301 WIND 2213 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2B
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 0.00
6780 1176 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 16.28 0.00 156.92
437 LOAD GENERATIO - 536 LOAD GE 579 LOAD GE 536 LOAD GE480 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #480, (4
-ve 0.00 -37.15 0.00 -13.76 0.00 0
477 LOAD GENERATIO 480 LOAD GE 488 LOAD GE 167 LOAD GE 579 LOAD GE-
Total
6780 1176 +ve 0.05 0.00 9.63 62.01 10.40 3421.69
-ve -0.05 -1801.62 -9.63 -408.57 -10.40 -1269.76

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1330

Beam No.
CB 87C CB 87C Remarks
Unit CB 87C LEFT
MIDSPAN RIGHT/CB87D

Width of Beam b 900 900 900


Depth of Beam D 1500 1500 1500
Effective Depth d 1368 1400 1400
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 7723.47 0.00 3421.69
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 7723.47 0.00 3421.69
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 4.59 0.00 1.94
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pt,Lim % 1.25 0.00 0.47
pt2 % 0.00 0.00 0.00
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 1.25 0.00 0.47
d' mm 68.00 68.00 68.00
d'/d mm 0.05 0.05 0.05
fsc N/mm2 423.90 424.08 424.08 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.304 0.304 0.304 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 15381.9 3845.5 5972.8
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at first layer = 7 7 7
Nos. of bars at second layer = 7 0 3
Nos. of bars at third layer = 7 0 0
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 16889 5630 8042
Ast, provided (%) 1.25 0.42 0.60
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 690.31 3228.85 1269.76
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 690.31 3228.85 1269.76
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.41 1.83 0.72
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.10 0.45 0.17
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.304 0.304 0.304
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 7690.9 5615.0 3845.5
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 7 7 7
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 3 3 0
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 8042 8042 5630
Ast, provided (%) 0.60 0.60 0.42
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1331

CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]


LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y kNmMoment-Z kNm
6100 5000 1174 0 1742.183 0 557.698 0 3649.104
1175 0 -1289.082 0 -557.698 0 1611.408
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6862 3 1174 0 27.005 0 -13.614 0 -144.529

TOTAL
6862 1174 0 1758.39 0 0 0 3562.3866

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
6780 5000 2201 0 -725.988 0 -139.769 0 -1395.8
1176 0 1037.886 0 139.769 0 -1100.081

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
6780 480 1176 0 37.149 0 -10.161 0 -156.92

TOTAL
6780 1176 0 -703.70 0 0 0 -1489.952
0 0 1060.18 0 0 0 -1100.081

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 2705.19 2117.62 1801.62
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 2705.19 2117.62 1801.62
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 1758.39 1060.18
Mh kN-m 8318.45 4505.13
Ms kN-m 4393.18 3236.07
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 3013.56 2690.03
Shear stress N/mm2 2.448 1.681 2.135
% of tensile steel % 1.372 0.447 0.638
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 0.821 0.565 0.636 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.778 0.773 0.773 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)
Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.638 0.437 0.492
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 12
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 4 4 4
Asv provided mm2 452.4 452.4 452.4
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 546.64 546.64 546.64 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 100.94 133.00 107.01 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 100 150 100
Hence Hence O.K.Hence Not O.K.Hence O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1332

Side face Reinforcement


Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 900 * 1368/100 = 615.6 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 8.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 904.8 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 151.6 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6100 1174 +ve 0 1488.256 0 465.884 0 3187.897
- 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 0 0 0 0 0
- - 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMA-
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6100 1174 +ve 0 0 0 9.708 0 0
- - 513 LOAD GE 63 LOAD GEN 605 LOAD GE-
-ve 0 -32.981 0 -34.034 0 -178.794
- 521 LOAD GE 470 LOAD GE 556 LOAD GE 625 LOAD GE561 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #561, (1
Total
6100 1174 +ve 0.00 1488.26 0.00 475.59 0.00 3187.90
-ve 0.00 -36.28 0.00 -34.03 0.00 -196.67
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 7 5629.7 1432.00 167.23 127.33


b2 32 7 5629.7 1368.00 155.96
1368.00 12.135
b3 32 7 5629.7 1304.00 144.69
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
16889.2
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 371.88 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 482.36 mm
Total compression = 2633.98 kN
Total tension = 2633.98 kN
Moment = 3187.90 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 167.23 / 200000 = 0.00084


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 482.4 mm
Width of section, b = 900.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 900 * 1017.64 * 1017.64 / (3 * 200000 * 16889.2 * 949.64) = 0.00010

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*900*1500*1017.64/(0.00084*16889.2*1017.64)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00015
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00090
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00080
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 77.15 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1333

Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm


Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 77.15 * 0.0008 / (1 + 2 * 25.15 / 885.64) = 0.175 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1334

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6100 1175 +ve 0.00 1074.16 0.00 465.88 0.00 0.00
- 1101 NORMAL
- 1101 NORMAL
1101 NORMAL-

-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1101 NORMAL


-1510.67
- - 1101 NORMAL - - LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6100 1175 +ve 0 0 0 9.708 0 0
- - 513 LOAD GE63 LOAD GEN 619 LOAD GE-
-ve 0 -32.981 0 -34.034 0 -68.292

- 521 LOAD GE
470 LOAD GE
556 LOAD GE
605 LOAD GE601 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #601, (1
Total
6100 1175 +ve 0.00 1074.16 0.00 475.59 0.00 0.00
-ve 0.00 -36.28 0.00 -34.03 0.00 -1585.79
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 7 5629.7 1432.00 155.31 127.33


b2 32 3 2412.7 1368.00 146.01
1400.00 7.520
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
8042.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 380.58 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 362.49 mm
Total compression = 1226.64 kN
Total tension = 1226.64 kN
Moment = 1585.79 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 155.31 / 200000 = 0.00078


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 362.5 mm
Width of section, b = 900.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 900 * 1137.51 * 1137.51 / (3 * 200000 * 8042.48 * 1069.51) = 0.00023

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*900*1500*1137.51/(0.00078*8042.48*1137.51)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00033
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00083
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00060
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 77.15 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 77.15 * 0.0006 / (1 + 2 * 25.15 / 1037.51) = 0.133 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1335

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
6780 1176 +ve 0 0 0 0 0 977.099
1101 NORMAL LC1 - - - - 1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 -907.377 0 -109.457 0 0
- 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA-
TRAIN Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
6780 1176 +ve 0 0 0 16.278 0 156.92
437 LOAD GENERATIO - 536 LOAD GE 579 LOAD GE 536 LOAD GE480 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #480, (4
-ve 0 -37.149 0 -13.76 0 0
477 LOAD GENERATIO 480 LOAD GE 488 LOAD GE 167 LOAD GE 579 LOAD GE-
Total
6780 1176 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 16.28 0.00 1149.71
-ve 0.00 -948.24 0.00 -123.22 0.00 0.00
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 7 5629.7 1432.00 112.60 127.33


b2 32 3 2412.7 1368.00 105.86
1400.00 5.452
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
8042.5
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 380.58 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 362.49 mm
Total compression = 889.33 kN
Total tension = 889.33 kN
Moment = 1149.71 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 112.6 / 200000 = 0.00056


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1500.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 1432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1500.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 362.5 mm
Width of section, b = 900.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 900 * 1137.51 * 1137.51 / (3 * 200000 * 8042.48 * 1069.51) = 0.00023

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*900*1500*1137.51/(0.00056*8042.48*1137.51)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00045
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00060
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00037
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 77.15 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 77.15 * 0.00037 / (1 + 2 * 25.15 / 1037.51) = 0.082 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1336

Deflection check in serviceability Limit State

Ref. staad file for deflection check at mid span of beam.

Deflection due to all loads except train load


Node L/C X-Trans Y-Trans mm Z-Trans mm Absolute mmX-Rotan rad Y-Rotan rad Z-Rotan rad
1175 1101 0.199 -2.266 -0.174 2.281 0 0 0

Deflection due to train load


1175 561 0.581 -0.149 0.371 0.706 0 0 0

ALL LOADS EXCLUDING TRAIN LOAD


LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 1101
ABSOLUTE DISPLACEMENT = 2.266 mm
TRAIN LOAD
LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 561
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT DUE TO MOVING LOAD = 0.149 mm
TOTAL DEFLECTION = 2.415 mm

ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION = MIN. OF (L/350 OR 20 mm) = 20 mm WHICH IS >2.415 mm


HENCE THE BEAM IS SAFE IN DEFLECTION.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


CB - 88
1338

Beam number = CB88A GRID MKD = 2-5


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 40 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 19.85 m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
7084 2410 +ve 0.01 433.14 0.14 26.13 0.51 402.40
2302 WIND UNLOAD2205 SEISM2302 WIND 2205 SEISM2301 WIND 2205 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2B
-ve -0.01 0.00 -0.14 -17.90 -0.51 0.00
2301 WIND UNLOAD- 2301 WIND 2216 SEISM2302 WIND -
train load Multification factor = 0.00 0.00
7084 2410 +ve 0.00 2.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.57
501 LOAD GENERATIO 601 LOAD GE 594 LOAD GE - 498 LOAD GE 647 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #647, (2
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.83 0.00 -2.24
488 LOAD GENERATIO - 498 LOAD GE 640 LOAD GE 594 LOAD GE 265 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #265, (4
Total
7084 2410 +ve 0.01 433.14 0.14 26.13 0.51 402.40
-ve -0.01 0.00 -0.14 -17.90 -0.51 0.00
Span Moment
7084 2440 +ve 0.01 40.75 0.14 26.13 0.01 0.00
2302 WIND UNLOADE2208 SEISMI 2302 WIND 2208 SEISMI 2301 WIND U -
-ve -0.01 -38.46 -0.14 -17.90 -0.01 -504.52
2301 WIND UNLOADE2213 SEISMI 2301 WIND 2213 SEISMI 2302 WIND U 2101 NORMAL LC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 1.75
7084 2440 +ve 0.00 2.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.88
501 LOAD GENERATION
601 LOAD GEN594 LOAD GEN- 594 LOAD GEN3 BRAKING + TRACTIVE + RACKING BOTH T
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.83 0.00 -3.34
488 LOAD GENERATION
- 498 LOAD GEN640 LOAD GEN 498 LOAD GEN171 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #171, (168 o
Total
7084 2440 +ve 0.01 40.75 0.14 26.13 0.01 1.54
-ve -0.01 -38.46 -0.14 -17.90 -0.01 -510.36
Right Support
7134 2411 +ve 0.01 0.00 0.14 26.13 0.50 393.57
2302 WIND UNLOAD- 2302 WIND 2208 SEISM2302 WIND 2208 SEISMIC UNLOADED LC2B
-ve -0.01 -430.28 -0.14 -17.90 -0.50 0
2301 WIND UNLOAD2205 SEISM2301 WIND 2213 SEISM2301 WIND -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 0.00
7134 2411 +ve 0.00 2.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0
434 LOAD GENERATIO 601 LOAD GE 564 LOAD GE - 592 LOAD GE -
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.83 0.00 -10.061
539 LOAD GENERATIO - 542 LOAD GE 640 LOAD GE 594 LOAD GE 561 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #561, (1
Total
7134 2411 +ve 0.01 0.00 0.14 26.13 0.50 393.57
-ve -0.01 -430.28 -0.14 -17.90 -0.50 0.00

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1339

Beam No.
CB 88A Remarks
Unit
CB 88A LEFT MIDSPAN CB 88A RIGHT
Width of Beam b 450 450 450
Depth of Beam D 1000 1000 1000
Effective Depth d 932 932 932
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 402.40 1.54 393.57
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 402.40 1.54 393.57
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 1.03 0.00 1.01
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pt,Lim % 0.24 0.00 0.24
pt2 % 0.00 0.00 0.00
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 0.24 0.00 0.24
d' mm 68.00 68.00 68.00
d'/d mm 0.07 0.07 0.07
fsc N/mm2 419.42 419.42 419.42 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.304 0.304 0.304 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 1273.2 1273.2 1273.2
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 25 25 25
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at first layer = 3 3 3
Nos. of bars at second layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at third layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 2413 2413 2413
Ast, provided (%) 0.54 0.54 0.54
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 0.00 510.36 0.00
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 0.00 510.36 0.00
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.00 1.31 0.00
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.00 0.31 0.00
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.304 0.304 0.304
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 1273.2 1310.1 1273.2
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 25 25 25
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 32 32 32
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 32 32 32
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 3 3 3
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 2413 2413 2413
Ast, provided (%) 0.54 0.54 0.54
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1340

CALCULATION OF SHEAR BASED ON MOMENT CAPACITY [1.2*(DL+LL)+0.6*Train load]


LEFT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y kNmMoment-Z kNm
7084 5000 2410 0 321.994 0 6.036 0 220.804
2440 0 -1.304 0 -6.036 0 397.556
TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
7084 601 2410 0 2.171 0 -0.814 0 5.788

TOTAL
7084 2410 0 323.30 0 0 0 224.2768

RIGHT SUPPORT
MAIN FILE
7134 5000 2440 0 1.304 0 6.036 0 -397.556
2411 0 319.386 0 -6.036 0 -211.663

TRAIN FILE M.F. = 0.6


Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Shear-Z kN Torsion kNmMoment-Y k Moment-Z kNm
7134 601 2440 0 2.171 0 -0.814 0 -1.823

TOTAL
7134 2440 0 2.61 0 0 0 -398.6498
0 0 320.69 0 0 0 -211.663

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 433.14 40.75 430.28
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 433.14 40.75 430.28
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 323.30 320.69
Mh kN-m 907.48 907.48
Ms kN-m 907.48 907.48
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 451.30 448.70
Shear stress N/mm2 1.076 0.097 1.070
% of tensile steel % 0.575 0.575 0.575
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 0.614 0.614 0.614 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.856 0.856 0.856 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)
Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.526 0.526 0.526
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 12
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 2 2 2
Asv provided mm2 226.2 226.2 226.2
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 546.64 546.64 546.64 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar required mm 230.10 -7633.19 231.61 bsv*(v+0.4-svc)/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 150 150 150
Hence Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1341

Side face Reinforcement


Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 450 * 932/100 = 209.7 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 5.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 565.5 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 144.0 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
7084 2410 +ve 0 274.11 0 6.637 0 191.288
1101 NORMAL LC1 1101 NORMA - 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 0 0 0 0 0
- - 1101 NORMA - - -
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
7084 2410 +ve 0 2.171 0 0 0 6.565
501 LOAD GENERATIO 601 LOAD GE 594 LOAD GE - 498 LOAD GE 647 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #647, (2
-ve 0 0 0 -0.831 0 -2.242
488 LOAD GENERATIO - 498 LOAD GE 640 LOAD GE 594 LOAD GE 265 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #265, (4
Total
7084 2410 +ve 0.00 276.50 0.00 6.64 0.00 198.51
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.83 0.00 -2.47
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 3 2412.7 932.00 96.18 157.00


b2 25 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
932.00 4.492
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
2412.7
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 253.36 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 229.62 mm
Total compression = 232.05 kN
Total tension = 232.05 kN
Moment = 198.51 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 96.18 / 200000 = 0.00048


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1000.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 932.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1000.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 229.6 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 770.38 * 770.38 / (3 * 200000 * 2412.74 * 702.38) = 0.00026

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1000*770.38/(0.00048*2412.74*770.38)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00059
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00053
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00026
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 87.86 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1342

Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm


Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 87.86 * 0.00026 / (1 + 2 * 35.86 / 702.38) = 0.063 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1343

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
7084 2440 +ve 0.00 1.22 0.00 6.64 0.00 0.00
1101 NORMAL LC1 1101 NORMAL
- 1101 NORMAL
- -

-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -336.10


1101 NORMAL
- - 1101 NORMAL
- 1101 NORMALLC1
TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
7084 2440 +ve 0 2.171 0 0 0 0.878
501 LOAD GENERATIO
601 LOAD GE594 LOAD GE- 594 LOAD GE3 BRAKING + TRACTIVE + RACKING BO
-ve 0 0 0 -0.831 0 -3.338

488 LOAD GENERATIO


- 498 LOAD GE
640 LOAD GE
498 LOAD GE
171 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #171, (1
Total
7084 2440 +ve 0.00 3.61 0.00 6.64 0.00 0.97
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.83 0.00 -339.77
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm ) 2
Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 3 2412.7 932.00 164.62 157.00


b2 25 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
932.00 7.688
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
2412.7
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 253.36 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 229.62 mm
Total compression = 397.18 kN
Total tension = 397.18 kN
Moment = 339.77 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 164.62 / 200000 = 0.00082


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1000.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 932.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1000.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 229.6 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 770.38 * 770.38 / (3 * 200000 * 2412.74 * 702.38) = 0.00026

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1000*770.38/(0.00082*2412.74*770.38)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00034
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00090
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00064
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 87.86 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 87.86 * 0.00064 / (1 + 2 * 35.86 / 702.38) = 0.153 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1344

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
7134 2411 +ve 0 0 0 6.637 0 182.744
- - 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA 1101 NORMA1101 NORMAL LC1
-ve 0 -271.672 0 0 0 0
1101 NORMAL LC1 1101 NORMA - - - -
TRAIN Multification factor = 1.10 1.10
7134 2411 +ve 0 2.171 0 0 0 0
434 LOAD GENERATIO 601 LOAD GE 564 LOAD GE - 592 LOAD GE -
-ve 0 0 0 -0.831 0 -10.061
539 LOAD GENERATIO - 542 LOAD GE 640 LOAD GE 594 LOAD GE 561 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #561, (1
Total
7134 2411 +ve 0.00 2.39 0.00 6.64 0.00 182.74
-ve 0.00 -271.67 0.00 -0.83 0.00 -11.07
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 32 3 2412.7 932.00 88.54 157.00


b2 25 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
932.00 4.135
b3 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 32 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
2412.7
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 253.36 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 229.62 mm
Total compression = 213.62 kN
Total tension = 213.62 kN
Moment = 182.74 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 88.54 / 200000 = 0.00044


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 1000.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 932.0 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 1000.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 229.6 mm
Width of section, b = 450.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 450 * 770.38 * 770.38 / (3 * 200000 * 2412.74 * 702.38) = 0.00026

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*450*1000*770.38/(0.00044*2412.74*770.38)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00064
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00049
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00022
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 87.86 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 68.00 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack = 3a cr ε m
1 2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
= 3 * 87.86 * 0.00022 / (1 + 2 * 35.86 / 702.38) = 0.053 mm
< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1345

Deflection check in serviceability Limit State

Ref. staad file for deflection check at mid span of beam.

Deflection due to all loads except train load


Node L/C X-Trans Y-Trans mm Z-Trans mm Absolute mmX-Rotan rad Y-Rotan rad Z-Rotan rad
2440 1101 0.184 -6.792 -0.185 6.797 0 0 -0.001

Deflection due to train load


2440 524 0.582 -0.28 0.379 0.749 0 0 0

ALL LOADS EXCLUDING TRAIN LOAD


LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 1101
ABSOLUTE DISPLACEMENT = 6.792 mm
TRAIN LOAD
LODE CASE CONSIDERED = 524
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT DUE TO MOVING LOAD = 0.280 mm
TOTAL DEFLECTION = 7.072 mm

ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION = MIN. OF (L/350 OR 20 mm) = 20 mm WHICH IS >7.072 mm


HENCE THE BEAM IS SAFE IN DEFLECTION.

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


CB6A, CB36A,
CB78A,CB79A,CB82A-B,
CB84A,
1347

Beam number =CB6A,CB78A,CB36A,CB84A,CB82A-B,CB79A


Design of Beam ULS Condition
Grade of Concrete fck = 40 N/mm2
Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Span = 2.75 m
For Singly Reinforced Section pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Max Force Envelope
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)
Left Support Other than train load
+ve

-ve

train load Multification factor = 0.00 0.00


+ve

-ve

Total
0 0 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 34.40
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Span Moment
+ve

-ve

TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 0.00


+ve

-ve

Total
0 0 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 43.00
Right Support
+ve

-ve

TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 0.00 0.00


+ve

-ve

Total
0 0 +ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 34.40
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1348

Beam No.
at left face of at right face of Remarks
Unit Midspan
column column
Width of Beam b 250 250 250
Depth of Beam D 600 600 600
Effective Depth d 536 536 536
Hogging Sagging Hogging
Flexural Design
Top Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu+ kN-m 34.40 0.00 34.40
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 34.40 0.00 34.40
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.48 0.00 0.48
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pt,Lim % 0.11 0.00 0.11
pt2 % 0.00 0.00 0.00
pt =pt,Lim + pt2 % 0.11 0.00 0.11
d' mm 64.50 64.50 64.50
d'/d mm 0.12 0.12 0.12
fsc N/mm2 405.92 405.92 405.92 ref. table F of SP16
pc % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 % 0.304 0.304 0.304 0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy
Ast, required mm2 406.4 406.4 406.4
Dia of rebar at top (1 st Layer) mm 25 25 25
Dia of rebar at top (2nd Layer) mm 20 20 20
Dia of rebar at top (3rd Layer) mm 20 20 20
Dia of rebar at top (4th Layer) mm 20 20 20
Nos. of bars at first layer = 2 2 2
Nos. of bars at second layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at third layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at fourth layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 982 982 982
Ast, provided (%) 0.65 0.65 0.65
OK OK OK
Bottom Reinforcement
Ultimate Moment Mu kN-m 0.00 43.00 0.00
Corresponding Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Mt = T(1+D/b)/1.7 kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Moment Mu+Mt kN-m 0.00 43.00 0.00
Mu/bd2 N/mm2 0.00 0.60 0.00
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck N/mm2 5.32 5.32 5.32
Singly/Doubly Reinforced Singly Singly Singly
pc % 0.00 0.14 0.00
pc for doubly reinforcement= % 0.00 0.00 0.00
Min, pt ref. cl. 6.2.1(b) of 13920 =
0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy % 0.304 0.304 0.304
Asc, required ref. cl. 6.2.3 of 13920 mm2 406.4 406.4 406.4
Dia of rebar at bot (1 st Layer) mm 25 25 25
Dia of rebar at bot (2nd Layer) mm 20 20 20
Dia of rebar at bot (3rd Layer) mm 20 20 20
Dia of rebar at bot (4th Layer) mm 20 20 20
Nos. of bars at 1st (bottom most) layer = 2 2 2
Nos. of bars at 2nd layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 3rd. layer = 0 0 0
Nos. of bars at 4th. layer = 0 0 0
Ast,Provided 982 982 982
Ast, provided (%) 0.65 0.65 0.65
OK OK OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1349

Shear Design
Ultimate Shear Vu kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Torsion T kN-m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Eqiv. Moment Vt = 1.6T/b kN 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design Shear Vu+Vt kN 62.54 0.00 62.54
Shear Force as per cl. 6.3.3 of 13920
Va kN 82.02 184.24
Mh kN-m 207.62 207.62
Ms kN-m 207.62 207.62
V = Va+1.4(Ms+Mh) kN 62.54 62.54
Shear stress N/mm2 0.467 0.000 0.467
% of tensile steel % 0.733 0.733 0.733
Basic shear stress (table 15), vc N/mm2 0.666 0.666 0.666 =0.27/1.25*(pt*fck)^(1/3)
Depth correction factor (s) 0.983 0.983 0.983 =MAX((500/d)^0.25,0.7)

Dist enhancement factor 1.000 1.000 1.000


Permissible shear stress, svc N/mm2 0.655 0.655 0.655
Dia of rebar, provided mm 12 12 12
Nos. of leg, provided Nos. 2 2 2
Asv provided mm2 226.2 226.2 226.2
spacing required = 842.5 842.5
Min. spacing of rebar required mm2 983.95 983.95 983.95 0.4bsv/0.87fy
Spacing of rebar provided mm 150 150 150
Check for Confinement Reinforcement in serviceability Limit State
As per clause 6.3.4 & 5 of IS:13920-1993, the following criteria for closed hoops shall be considered.
a) At a joint face, the positive steel must be equal to half of the nagative steel at that section.
b) The minimum steel at any section of beam shall be 1/4th of maximum steel of beam.
c) Minimum spacing of stirrups is minimum of 100mm or d/4 or 8 times of main bar.
d) Minimum diameter of stirrups is 8mm
e) Confinment Zone for stirups is 2d from face of support
f) No splicing shall be done within Confinment Zone.
g) First hoop shall be provide 50mm away from face of column.

Since beam depth is more than 600 mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
Since pile cap depth is more than 600mm, longitudinal reinforcements are provided at each side face, as
mentioned in clause 15.9.4.2 of IRS concrete bridge code.
The reinf. required at each face = 0.05 * 250 * 535.5/100 = 66.9 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement = 12.0 mm
Nos. of bars provided at each side = 2.0 Nos.
Area of reinf. Provided = 226.2 mm2
Spacing of reinf.provided = 157.0 mm

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
LEFT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)

3a cr ε m

TRAIN LOAD Multification factor =


1 2  a cr 1.10
c nom  /  h  d c 
1.10

Total
+ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 34.40
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 25 2 981.7 535.50 71.99 121.00


b2 20 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
535.50 3.865
b3 20 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 20 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
981.7

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1350

Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00


Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 145.57 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 146.28 mm
Total compression = 70.67 kN
Total tension = 70.67 kN
Moment = 34.40 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 71.99 / 200000 = 0.00036


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 600.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 535.5 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 600.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 146.3 mm
Width of section, b = 250.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 250 * 453.72 * 453.72 / (3 * 200000 * 981.75 * 389.22) = 0.00022

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*250*600*453.72/(0.00036*981.75*453.72)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00065
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00042
Therefore average tensile strain em 3a cr ε m = 0.00020
1  2  a cr  c nom  /  h  d c 
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 75.93 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 64.50 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack =

= 3 * 75.93 * 0.0002 / (1 + 2 * 23.93 / 389.22) = 0.040 mm


< 0.2 mm OK

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for midspan section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
MIDSPAN
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)

TRAIN LOAD Multification factor = 1.10 1.10

Total
+ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 43.00

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1351

Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 25 2 981.7 535.50 89.99 121.00


b2 20 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
535.50 4.831
b3 20 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 20 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
981.7
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 145.57 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 146.28 mm
Total compression = 88.34 kN
Total tension = 88.34 kN
Moment = 43.00 kN-m
s
3a cr ε m
cmin 1 2  a cr acr1
c nom  /  h  d c 

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 89.99 / 200000 = 0.00045


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 600.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 535.5 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 600.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 146.3 mm
Width of section, b = 250.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 250 * 453.72 * 453.72 / (3 * 200000 * 981.75 * 389.22) = 0.00022

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*250*600*453.72/(0.00045*981.75*453.72)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00052
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00052
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00030
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 75.93 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 64.50 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack =

= 3 * 75.93 * 0.0003 / (1 + 2 * 23.93 / 389.22) = 0.061 mm


< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL


1352

Crack width check in serviceability Limit State for Support section (ONLY NORMAL CASE IS CONSIDERED)
RIGHT SUPPORT
Beam Node Env. Fx (kN) Fy (kN) Fz (kN) Mx (kN-m) My (kN-m) Mz (kN-m)

TRAIN Multification factor = 1.10 1.10

Total
+ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 34.40
-ve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Details of main reinforcements

Distance of Max. Stress Stress at


Effective
Diameter CG from at outer SLS Spacing bet.
Layer Nos. Area (mm2) Depth, d
(mm) Bottom surface condition Bars (mm)
(mm)
(mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

b1 25 2 981.7 535.50 71.99 121.00


b2 20 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
535.50 3.865
b3 20 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
b4 20 0 0.0 0.00 0.00
981.7
Modular ratio in tension m =280/fck = 7.00
Max stress in concrete scbc =0.5*fck = 20.00 MPa
Max stress in steel sy =0.75*fy = 375.00 MPa
Balanced neutral axis depth n =scbc/(scbc+sy/m)*d = 145.57 mm
Actual neutral axis depth n assume = 146.28 mm
Total compression = 70.67 kN
Total tension = 70.67 kN
Moment = 34.40 kN-m
s

cmin acr1

Steel strain ignoring tension stiffening es = 71.99 / 200000 = 0.00036


< design yield strain of 0.002175
Overall depth of the section, h = 600.0 mm
Effective depth of the member = 535.5 mm
Distance from the compression face to the point at which crack width is being calculated, a
= 600.0 mm
Depth of neutral axis, x = 146.3 mm
Width of section, b = 250.0 mm
The effect of tension stiffening is taken into account using the formuale given in Annex F of IS:456 - 2000.
Strain due to tension stiffening = b*(h-x)*(a-x)/(3Es*As*(d-x))
= 250 * 453.72 * 453.72 / (3 * 200000 * 981.75 * 389.22) = 0.00022

The effect of tension stiffening is taken from clause no 15.9.8.2.1 of IRS CBC.
The ratio of moments due to live load and dead load = 0.600
Strain due to tension stiffening = 3.8*b*h*(a-dc)/(e1*As*(h-dc) * (1-ML/Mg)*10^-9
= 3.8*250*600*453.72/(0.00036*981.75*453.72)*(1-0.6)*10^-9) = 0.00065
Tensile strain at the beam soffit e1 = 0.00042
Therefore average tensile strain em = 0.00020
Distance from the crack to reinforcement acr = 75.93 mm
(at a location equidistant from two bars)
Cover to center reinf. = 64.50 mm
Minimum cover to the reinforcement Cmin = 52.00 mm
Design surface crack =

= 3 * 75.93 * 0.0002 / (1 + 2 * 23.93 / 389.22) = 0.040 mm


< 0.2 mm OK

CES IIT Delhi RVNL

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