Prof. Ram Meghe Institute of Technology & Research Badnera Amravati (M.

S)

Department of Information Technology

Digital Signal Processing(7IT01)
Question Bank
Prepared By
Prof. S. V. Dhopte
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNIT I
1. Explain the block diagram of DSP system in detail. Give its advantages, disadvantages & application.
2. (a) Sketch the block diagram of a digital signal processing system. Also explain the functions of basic elements
of a DSP system.
(b) What are the advantages of DSP over ASP.
(c) What is signal? Give detailed classification of signal.
3. A. digital communication link carries binary coded words representing samples of input signal
X(t) = 3cos 600 π t +2cos 1800 π t The link is operated at 10,000 bits/s and each input sample is quantized in to
1024 different voltage levels
i) What is the sampling frequency and folding frequency?
ii)What is Nyquist rate of sampling for x(t) ?
iii)What is resolution of quantization?
4. The analog signal x(t) is given below
x ( t )=2 cos 2000 πt+3 sin 6000 πt+8 cos 12000 πt
(i) Calculate Nyquist sampling rate.
(ii) If the given x(t) is sampled at a rate of fs=5000 Hz. What is discrete time signal.
(iii) What is analog signal y(t), we can reconstructed from the sample. If ideal interpolation method.
5. A discrete time signal x(n) is defined as

n
x ( n )=
{1+ ,−3 ≤ n ≤−1
3
1, 0 ≤ n ≤3
0 , elsew h ere
Sketch the signals x(n), x(n-2) & x(n+1).
6. A discrete time signal x(n) is defined as

n
x ( n )=
{1+ ,−3 ≤ n ≤−1
2
1, 0 ≤ n ≤3
0 , elsew h ere
(i) Sketch the signals x (n).
(ii) Sketch the signal that results if we first fold x(n) & then delay the resulting signal by two sample
(iii) Sketch the signal x (-n+4).

7. A discrete time sequence x(n) is given as: x (n) Sketch & label each of the following sequences,
¿

Prof. S.V.Dhopte Department of Information Technology Page 1

 Prof. Ram Meghe Institute of Technology & Research Badnera Amravati (M.S)

(i) x(n-2) ii)x(4-n) ,iii)x(n+2) , iv) x(n). u(2-n) ,v) x(n-1). δ(n-3)

8. If x (n), draw x(n), x(-n+2), x(n+4) & x(n-2).

¿
9. Examine the following systems for linearity & causality:
n−1
(i) y ( n )=| x(n)| ii) y ( n )=x ( n ) .u (n) iii) y ( n )= ∑ x (k )
k=−∞

10. Determine if the system described by the following input output equations are linear, causal, time-invariant &
stable
(i) y ( n )=x ( n )−x (n−1) ii) y ( n )=e x(n)
11. Test the following system for linearity, causality, shift-invariance & dynamicity
(i) y ( n )=x (2 n) ii) y ( n )=x ( n ) . x (n−1)
12. check whether the system is Linear/ Nonlinear, Causal/Non casual, static/dynamic, Time variant/Invariant-
(i) y ( n )=cos { x (n) } ii) y ( n )=nx(n) iii) y ( n )=x (−n+2 ) .
13. Show that δ ( n )=u ( n ) −u(n−1)
14. Define stability, linearity & causality for following discrete time system & check it for the same

y ( n )=2 x ( n )+ sin [ 0.5(n+2) π ] .

15. Determine the range of the values of a & b for which the linear time invariant system with impulse response

an , n≥ 0
h (n)= {bn , n≤ 0
is stable.

16. By using appropriate tests, check the filters characterized by following equations for time invariance, causality
& linearity.
(i) y ( nT )=x 2( nT +T )e−n Γ sin nwT ii) y ( nT )=( nT + 3T ) x( nT −3T )
17. For each of the following systems, determine whether or not the system is stable, causal, linear & invariant.
n+ n0
(i) R [ x( n) ] =x (n−n0) ii) R [ x( n) ] = ∑ x (k ) iii) R [ x( n) ] =e x(n)
k=n−n0

18. Explain folding and shifting operation on discrete sequence with input
x (n) ¿ { .
¿ ¿ ¿
19. What is the different classification of system? Explain in brief.

20. Determine the systems described by the following input output equations are linear or non-linear.
a) y(n)=e x(n) b) y(n)= x (-n) c) y(n)=cos x(n)
21. Determine the system are Time variant or time invariant.
i) y(n)=x(2n) ii) y(n)=x(n).cosw0n iii) y(n)=x(n)- x(n-1)

Prof. S.V.Dhopte Department of Information Technology Page 2

 Prof. Ram Meghe Institute of Technology & Research Badnera Amravati (M.S)

UNIT II

1. Derive the necessary & sufficient condition for stability of discrete time system.
2. Explain in brief the cross correlation and Autocorrelation.
3. Show that the necessary & sufficient condition for a LTI system to be BIBO stable is
∞

∑ |h ( n )|≤ M n<∞
n=−∞

4. A digital filter is characterized by the difference equation y ( n )=x ( n )=eα y (n−1). Check the filter for
Bounded Input Bounded Output Stability.
5. Consider a system with impulse response

1 n
h (n)= 2
0,
{( )
, 0≤n≤4

otherwise
Determine the input x(n) for 0 ≤ n ≤ 8 to obtain the output sequence y(n)={1,2,2.5,3,3,3,2,1,0,…….}
6. Derive the equation for convolution of two discrete signals. Also explain the different properties of convolution.
7. Determine the auto correlation sequence of the following signals & comment on the results:

(i) x (n)
¿
(ii) x (n)
¿
8. Compute the autocorrelation of the signal x ( n )=a n u ( n ) , 0<a< 1.

9. Perform auto correlation of sequence x ( n ) ¿ {.

¿ ¿ ¿
10. Compute & sketch the cross –correlation sequences for the following pairs of signals:

(i) x (n)
¿
(ii) x (n) ¿ {
¿ ¿ ¿
11. Determine the cross correlation sequence
x ( n) ¿ {
¿ ¿ ¿
12. Determine & sketch the convolution y(n) of the signals graphically & analytically

(i) x (n)
¿
(ii) x (n) ¿ {
¿ ¿ ¿
13. Perform circular convolution for
x 1 (n) ¿ {.
¿ ¿ ¿

Prof. S.V.Dhopte Department of Information Technology Page 3

 Prof. Ram Meghe Institute of Technology & Research Badnera Amravati (M.S)

14. The input sequence x (n), unit sample response h(n)=¿ { are given. Obtain the convolution-
¿ ¿
y ( n )=x ( n−2 )∗h ( n+1 ) .

15. Perform convolution sum or find impulse response x (n) & h(n)
¿ ¿
16. Determine overall impulse response of two LTI system having impulse response h1 ( n )=¿ & h2 ( n )=¿.

17. Consider a system with impulse response h ( n ) =¿ & determine the input x(n)=? , 0≤n≤4, that will be generated

output sequence y (n)=¿ {.

¿
18. Express the overall impulse response.

h1 ( n), h2 ( n),h 4 (n).

¿ ¿ ¿
19. Consider the discrete time system shown in figure below.

(i) Find the input output equation.

(ii) Compute the first 10 samples of its impulse response.
(iii) Compute the response for unit step input.
20. Determine the range of value of a & b for which the linear system is stable with impulse response

an , n≥ 0
h (n)= {b n , n<0
21. Obtain the convolution of two discrete time signals by graphical method. X(n)={1,2,1,-1}, h(n)={1,2,3,1}.

22. For the causal LTI system, the input is x (n) & output is y (n) , Determine impulse response h(n).
¿ ¿
23. Determine the response of the (relaxed) system characterized by the impulse response

1 n
h (n)= () 2
u(n) to be input signal x ( n )=2n u(n).

24. Determine zero input response of system described by second order difference equation

Prof. S.V.Dhopte Department of Information Technology Page 4

 Prof. Ram Meghe Institute of Technology & Research Badnera Amravati (M.S)

5 1
y ( n )− y ( n−1 ) + y ( n−2 )=0 where initial condition y(-1)=6 & y(-2)=25.
6 6
25. Determine zero input response for following second order difference equation

y ( n )−3 y ( n−1 )+ 4 y ( n−2 )=0 with initial condition y(-1)=5, y(-2)=4.

5 1
26. Find the particular solution of input of x ( n )=3n ; n ≥ 0, y ( n )=x ( n ) + y ( n−1 )− y (n−2).
6 6
27. Find out total solution of difference equation where input x ( n )=5−n ; n ≥ 0,

5 1
y ( n )− y ( n−1 ) + y ( n−2 )=x (n). Initial condition y(-1)=6, y(-2)=25
6 6
28. Find zero stat response & zero input response of given difference equation y ( n ) +ay ( n−1 )=x (n).
29. Determine if the recursive system defined by the difference equation is linear, time invariant, stable.

y ( n )=ay ( n−1 ) + x (n).

3 1
30. Find impulse response of the given system y ( n )=x ( n ) + y ( n−1 )− y (n−2).
4 8
31. Determine the response y(n), n ≥ 0 of the system described by the difference equation.

y ( n )−4 y ( n−1 ) + 4 y ( n−2 ) =x ( n )−x (n−1). When input is x ( n )=(−1 )n u(n) & the initial conditions
are y(-1) = y(-2) = 0.
32. Determine the response y(n), n ≥ 0 of the system described by the difference equation.
y ( n )−3 y ( n−1 )− y ( n−2 ) =x ( n ) +2 x (n−1) When input is x ( n )=4n u(n).
33. Prove the following properties of convolution

(i) [ x 1 ( n )+ x 2 (n)]∗h ( n )=x 1 ( n )∗h ( n )+ x2 (n)∗h(n)

(ii) [ x (n)∗h (n)]∗w ( n )=x (n)∗[ h (n)∗w(n)]
34. Determine the response of the system with impulse response h ( n ) =an u(n) to the input signal
x ( n )=u ( n ) −u(n−10)
35. Determine the response of the system described by the difference equation
y ( n )=0.7 y ( n−1 )−0.1 y ( n−2 ) +2 x ( n )−(n−2) for the input sequence x ( n )=δ ( n ) .
36. Find out the general solution of difference equation. y ( n )−1.8 y ( n−1 )+ 0.81 y ( n−2 )=2n
37. Determine & sketch the convolution (a) graphically (b) analytically

{
x ( n )= 3
n , 0 ≤n ≤ 6
0 , otherwise
, h (n)=
1,−2≤ n ≤ 2
{
0 ,otherwise

38. Find Convolution of two sequences h(n)=an u(n) and x(n)=bn u(n) .
39. The impulse response of linear time-invarient system is

Prof. S.V.Dhopte Department of Information Technology Page 5

 Prof. Ram Meghe Institute of Technology & Research Badnera Amravati (M.S)

Determine the response of a system with input x (n) ¿ {

¿ ¿ ¿
40. Determine the homogeneous solution of following system described by equation
y(n)+a y(n-1)=x(n).
41. Determine the range of values of parameter ‘a’ for which the LTI system with impulse response
h(n)= an u(n) is stable.

UNIT III

1. Explain & prove the following properties of Z transform:

(a) Linearity
(b) Time Shifting
(c) Scaling in Z domain
(d) Convolution of two sequences.
2. Determine the Z transform of the following signals:
(i) x ( n )=n (−1 )n u(n)
(ii) x ( n )=−n a n u (−n−1)
(iii) x ( n )=n2 u(n).
1
3. Determine the system function & unit sample response of the system y ( n )= y ( n−1 )+ 2 x (n)
2
Assume initial conditions to be zero.

3−4 z −1
4. A linear time invariant system is characterized by the system function H ( z) =
1−3.5 z −1 +1.5 z−2
Specify the ROC of the H(z) & determine h(n) if the system is stable.
5. Using z-transform, determine the unit sample response of the system characterized by the difference equation

y ( n )=2.5 y ( n−1 )− y ( n−2 ) + x ( n )−5 x ( n−1 ) +6 x (n−2).

1
H ( z) =
6. Determine if the system having the system function 7 1 is stable. Verify your result by
1− z −1− z−2
4 2
showing pole zero plot.
7. Consider inverse z transform of the following. (use residue theorem)
2
(i) x ( z )=
( z +2 ) ( z+ 4)
1
(ii) x ( z )= 2 2
z (z+ 3)
8. What is two sided z transform? State the properties of the z transform.
9. Determine the z transform of the following signal.

Prof. S.V.Dhopte Department of Information Technology Page 6

 Prof. Ram Meghe Institute of Technology & Research Badnera Amravati (M.S)

(i) x 1 ( n )=
{ x ( n2 )if n even
0ifn odd
(ii) x 2 ( n )=x (2 n)
10. Determine the z transform of the following signal & draw the corresponding pole zero pattern.

1 n
(i) x ( n )=( ) [ u ( n )−u (n−10) ]
2
(ii) x ( n )=( an +a−n) u ( n ) ; a real .
11. Determine the z-transform for each of the following sequences; graphically show the Region of convergence
(ROC). Also sketch the pole zero pattern.
(i) x ( n )=a|n|0<|a|<1
n0≤n≤N
(ii) h ( n ) =
{
2 N−n N + 1≤ n ≤2 N

For, N = 2
0 2 N <n
0 n> 0

1−a−1 z−1
12. consider a casual linear shift invariant system with system function H ( z) = where a is real:
1−a z−1
(i) For what range of values of a, the system is stable
(ii) If 0< a<1, plot the pole zero diagram & shade the region of convergence.
13. Express the following transfer functions in terms of its poles & zeros & sketch the pole zero diagram.

1−z−1−2 z−2
(i) H ( z ) =
1−1.75 z −1 +1.25 z−2−0.375 z−3
K ( 1+ z −2)
(ii) H ( z) =
1−z−1−0.57 z−2
14. State the methods of evaluating the inverse z transform & explain any one of them in brief.
15. Determine the sequence x(n) by inverse z-transform using residue method

( 1−e−a ) z
H ( z) = 2
z −( 1+ e−a ) z +e−a
16. Determine the impulse response of a DT LTI system described by the difference equation:
1 1
y ( n )− y ( n−1 )=x ( n )+ x ( n−1 ) for n>0 where all initial condition are zero.
2 3
Use z-transform & inverse z-transform.
17. Prove the time shifting & differentiation property of z-transform.

Prof. S.V.Dhopte Department of Information Technology Page 7

 Prof. Ram Meghe Institute of Technology & Research Badnera Amravati (M.S)

1 n ( )
18. Find the z-transform of x ( n )=( n+ 0.5 ) ()
2
un.

1+3 z−1 | |
19. Find out the inverse z-transform of X ( z )= z >2.
1+ 3 z −1+2 z−2
20. Prove that

(i) Z { x ( n−n0 ) }=Z−n X ( z)0

−zd
(ii) Z { nx ( n ) } = X (z)
dz
5 z −1
21. Determine all possible x(n) if X ( z )=
( 1−2 z−1 ) (3−z−1)
22. Determine z-transform x ( n )=n a n u(n) .
23. Determine inverse z-transform using power series method.
1
x ( z )=
3 1
1− z −1 + z−2
2 2
(i) ROC is |z|>1

(ii) ROC is |z|<0.5

5z 1 1
24. Determine inverse z-transform x ( z )= 2 for ROC < z < .
6 z −z−1 3 2
25. Determine inverse z-transform using partial fraction expansion method for the given function.

1+ z−1
x ( z )=
5 1
1− z−1+ z2
6 6

UNIT IV

1. Explain the following properties of Fourier transform

(a) Time Shifting
(b) Frequency Shifting.
2. State & prove the following properties of Fourier transform
(i) Linearity
(ii) Periodicity
(iii) Time Scaling
(iv) Time Shifting
3. What is FFT? How does it help for DFT computation?
4. Explain in detail the Radix-2 Decimation in time algorithm. What is its advantages?

Prof. S.V.Dhopte Department of Information Technology Page 8

 Prof. Ram Meghe Institute of Technology & Research Badnera Amravati (M.S)

5. Explain in detail the Radix-2 Decimation in frequency algorithm.

6. Prove that DFT of even sequence is real valued function.
7. State & prove three properties of DFT.
8. State any five properties of the DFT.
9. Prove the Time reversal property & circular frequency shift property of DFT.
10. If x 1 (n)↔ x 1(ω) & x 2 (n)↔ x 2( ω) , then prove x 1 ( n )∗x 2 ( n )=x 1 ( ω ) . x 2 (ω)
11. The frequency response of a system is given by

jω 20−3 e− jω
H ( e )= .
10−3 e− jω −e− j 2 ω
Obtain y(n) using inverse Fourier transform.

12. Compute the M-point DFT of the following sequence A (n)= {100<n< N −1
otherwise
Where M=8 & N=5, Sketch the amplitude response.
13. Compute the N-point DFTs of the signals:
(i) x ( n )=a n , 0 ≤ n ≤ N −1
2π
j( ) K0
(ii) x ( n )=e N
, 0 ≤n ≤ N−1
14. Compute the 6-point DFT of the signal
x(n)={3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2}
15. By means of DFT & IDFT determine the response of FIR filter with impulse response
h( n) to the input x (n)
¿ ¿
16. Draw radix 2 butterfly flow graph for 8-point decimation in time FFT & hence find FFT of
x(n) = {1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 3, 2, 1}.
nπ
17. Find the 4-point DFT of the sequence x ( n )=cos .
4
18. Compute 8-point DFT of the DT sequence x ( n )={1,2,3,4,4,3,2,1 } by Radix-2 DIT FFT algorithm.
19. Compute the 4.point DFT of the sequence
π
x ( n )=cos n , 0 ≤ n≤ 3
2
Using radix-2 decimation in time algorithm.
20. Find FT of the signal h(-1)=1, h(1)=1, h(n)=0, otherwise. Also sketch magnitude & phase spectrum.
21. Show that convolution in time domain corresponds to multiplication in frequency domain.
1
22. Determine & sketch the magnitude & phase response of the system y ( n )= [ x ( n )−x (n−1) ].
2
23. Determine & sketch the magnitude & phase response of the following systems:

Prof. S.V.Dhopte Department of Information Technology Page 9

 Prof. Ram Meghe Institute of Technology & Research Badnera Amravati (M.S)

1
(i) y ( n )= [ x ( n )−x (n−1) ].
2
(ii) y ( n )=x ( n )−x (n−8)
24. Determine the frequency content of the output of each of the following system to be input signal

π
x ( n )= A cos n
4
(i) y ( n )=x (2 n)
(ii) y ( n )=x 2 (n).
25. Show the symmetry properties of the DFT sequence by computing the 8-point DFT of the real valued sequence

x ( n )= 2−|n|for−1 ≤n ≤ 1
given by
{ 0 otherwise
26. Evaluate & compare the 8-point DFT for the following sequences.

(i) x ( n )= 1 for−3 ≤n ≤ 3
{ 0 otherwise

x ( n )={1 for 0 ≤ n ≤6
(ii)
0 otherwise
27. A signal x(n) has the following Fourier transform:
1
X ( w )=
1−a e− jw
Determine the Fourier transforms of the following sequences:
πn
(i) e 2 x (n+ 2)
(ii) x ( n ) cos (0.3 πn)
(iii) x (−2 n)
29. Calculate the DFT of the data sequence Inverse FFT{1,0,1,0} using DIF FFT algorithm. Also draw the resulted
FFT butterflies for this 4-point DFT.
30. Calculate the DFT of the data sequence Inverse FFT {6, -2+j2, -2, -2-2j} using DIF FFT algorithm. Also draw
the resulted FFT butterflies for this 4-point DFT.
31. Using the overlap-add procedure find the convolution of the two sequences.
h(n)={1,0,1} & x(n)={1,3,2,-3,}

32. Compute the response of FIR filter having unit sample response h(n)& excited by DT sequence
¿
x ( n )={1,2,3 } using DFT
↑
33. Compute the circular convolution using DFT & IDFT for the following sequence.

Prof. S.V.Dhopte Department of Information Technology Page 10

 Prof. Ram Meghe Institute of Technology & Research Badnera Amravati (M.S)

x 1 (n) & x 2 (n)

¿ ¿
34. Draw the magnitude & phase plot response of following system:

1
h (n)= 3
{ , 0≤ n ≤ 2
0 ,otherwise

UNIT V

1. Explain the step involved in design of digital filter & give their comparison for FIR & IIR.
2. Describe in detail the procedure of FIR filter design using windows.
3. Enumerate the advantages of FIR filters over the IIR filters.
4. For the analog transfer function
1
H(s) = Determine H(Z) using Impulse invariant method for T=1 sec
( S+ 1 ) (S +2)
5. Derive the transformation formula for the bilinear transformation.
6. For the analog transfer function
( S+2)
H(s) = Determine H(Z) using Match Z Transform method for T=1 sec
( S+ 1 ) (S +3)
7. For the analog transfer function
1
H(s) = Determine H(Z) using approximation of derivative method for T=1 sec
(S+2)
8. Design An ideal LPF FIR filter using Fourier series method with frequency response
∏ ∏
H d (w) = 1 - ≤w≤
2 2
∏
=0 ≤ w ≤ II for N =11
2

s+ 0.1 π
9. Design a digital filter using bilinear z- transformation if H a ( s )= 2 resonating at w= .
(s+ 0.1) +16 2
10. What is FIR filter? Compare its characteristics with an IIR filter.
11. What are the desirable characteristics of a window function for the design of FIR filters?
12. Design An ideal LPF FIR filter using windowing method with frequency response
∏ ∏
H d (w) = 1 - ≤w≤
2 2
∏
=0 ≤ w ≤ II for N =11
2
a) Rectangular window

Prof. S.V.Dhopte Department of Information Technology Page 11

 Prof. Ram Meghe Institute of Technology & Research Badnera Amravati (M.S)

b) Triangular window
c) Blackman window
13. What is impulse invariant technique? Discuss the stability of impulse invariant mapping technique.
14. Derive an equation for impulse invariant transformation for converting Analog to digital filter.
s+ 0.1
15. Use the method z transformation to convert the analog filter with system function H ( s )= 2 into
(s+0.1) +16
a digital IIR filter. Select T=0.1 & compare the location of the zeros in H(z) with the location of zeros obtained
by applying impulse invariance method in the conversion of H(s).

2 1−z −1
16. Derive the bilinear transformation S= (
T 1+ z−1 )
& investigate the frequency mapping characteristics of

bilinear transformation from s-plane to z-plane.

17. Design a single pole low pass digital filter with a 3dB bandwidth of 0.2 π , using the bilinear transformation

Ωc
applied to the analog filter H ( s )= where ΩC is the 3dB bandwidth of the analog filter.
s +Ω c
Also plot the amplitude response of the designed filer.
18. Using matched z-transformation, obtain digital filters for
s +a
(i) H a ( s )=
( s+ a)2 +b 2
s3 +6 s2 +11 s+6
(ii) Ha s = 3
( )
s +15 s 2+74 s +120
1
(iii) H a ( s )=
( s +a ) +(s 2 +s +1)
19. With the help of invariant impulse response method derive a discrete time transfer function:
1
H a ( s )= , the sampling frequency is 10 rad/sec.
( s +a ) +(s 2 +s +1)
20. Determine the order & poles of a low pass Butterworth filter that has a 3dB bandwidth of 500Hz & attenuation
of 40dB at 1000Hz.
21. Describe frequency warping. What are its causes & effects?
22. Design digital filter to approximate the following normalized analog transfer function
1
H ( s )= 2
s + √ 2 s+1
Using the impulse invariant method, obtain the transfer function H(z) of the digital filter. Assume a 3 dB cut of
frequency of 150Hz& a sampling frequency of 1.28KHz.
23. A digital filter is required to remove baseline wander & artifacts due body movement in a certain biomedical
application. The filter is required to meet following specifications.

Prof. S.V.Dhopte Department of Information Technology Page 12

 Prof. Ram Meghe Institute of Technology & Research Badnera Amravati (M.S)

Pass band 1-30Hz

Stop band 0-0.5Hz & 40-128Hz
Pass band ripple < 0.1dB
Stop band attenuation > 30dB
Sampling frequency 256Hz
Determine the order of a suitable IIR filter & Its transfer function H(z).

−π π
24. A low pass filter (FIR) has the desired frequency response H d ( e jw ) =
{
e− j 2 w ,
π
4
<w <

0 , <|w|< π
4
4
& window

function w n= {01, otherwise

, 0< n< 4
. Determine the filter coefficients hd(n).

25. Convert the following IIR filter to digital filter H(z)

s+ 0.1
H ( s )= using bilinear transformation.
( s+0.1)2 +25

UNIT VI

1. Compare different structures of filter realizations from the point of view of speed & memory requirements.
2. Obtain the direct form I, direct form II, cascade & parallel structures for the following system:
y(n) = - 0.1 y(n-1) + 0.2y(n-2) + 3x(n) + 3.6 x(n-1) + 0.6 x(n-2)
Also explain each structure in detail.
3. Obtain the direct form I, direct form II, cascade & parallel structures for the following difference equation:
3 1 1
y ( n )− y ( n−1 )+ y ( n−2 )=x ( n ) + x (n−1)
4 8 3
4. Obtain the direct form I, direct form II structures for the following system:
1
y ( n )= y ( n−1 )− y ( n−2 ) + x ( n )−x ( n−1 ) + x (n−2)
2
5. Obtain the cascade & parallel structures for the system described by the system function,

2 ( 1−z −1 ) (1+ √ 2 z−1+ z2 )

H ( z) =
( 1+ 0.5 z −1 ) (1−0.9 z−1+ 0.81 z−2 )
6. Determine a direct form realization for the following Linear phase filters:

(i) h( n)
¿

Prof. S.V.Dhopte Department of Information Technology Page 13

 Prof. Ram Meghe Institute of Technology & Research Badnera Amravati (M.S)

(ii) h( n)
¿
7. Sketch the lattice realization for the resonator
1
H ( z) =
1−( 2 r cos W 0 ) Z −1 +r 2 Z −2
8. Draw Direct Form I & II for the filter

y ( n )=2 r cos W 0 y ( n−1 ) −r 2 y ( n−2 ) + x ( n )−r cos W 0 x (n−2)

1 −1 1 −2
9. Draw lattice structure for ( z )=10− z + z .
2 8
10. Realize the transfer function using ladder method

0.0154 z3 +0.0462 z 2+ 0.0462 z +0.0154

H ( z) =
z 3−1.990 z 2+ 1.572 z−0.04583
11. Realize the following structure using cascade & parallel structures.

1−b cos θ z −1
H ( z) =
( 1−a z−1 ) ( 1−2 b cos θ z−1 +b2 z−2 )

12. Explain frequency sampling realization FIR filter & enumerate its advantages.
13. Obtain a cascade realization of the system characterized by the transfer function
2(z +2)
H ( z) =
z ( z−0.1 ) ( z +0.5 ) (z+ 0.4)
1+2 z−1+ 3 z −2+2 z−3
14. Consider a causal IIR system with system function, ( z )= . Determine the
1+ 0.9 z −1−0.8 z−2+ 0.5 z −3
equivalent Lattice ladder structure.
15. Consider an FIR filter with system function H ( z ) =1+ 2.88 z −1+3.408 z−2 +1.74 z−3 +0.4 z−4 Obtain the
lattice realization of the filter.
16. Realize the filter transfer function using direct, cascade & parallel structures:
1
H ( z) = .
(1−a z−1 )3
(1−z−1)3
H ( z) =
17. Obtain the cascade & parallel realization of 5 1 .
1− z−1+ z−2
8 16
18. Explain in detail the design of digital filter using pole-zero placement.

0.28 z 2+ 0.319 z+0.04

19. Obtain the direct form-I &II realizations for a FIR system function H ( z ) = .
0.5 z 3 +0.3 z 2+ 0.17 z −0.2

Prof. S.V.Dhopte Department of Information Technology Page 14