| i Bo yar flint revisor A umber in pacenteres death year fast respproval. A Standard Test Methods for Size, Dimensional Measurements, and Bulk Density of Refractory Brick and Insulating Firebrick’ ‘hs sand itd nd te aed dsgnaon C 14; he meter tamacaly folowing edt nese yar of rial gon oe eo ei Soetnop lon) tadoes ote chnge ace eas reson por: 1, Scope 1.1 These test methods cover procedures for measuring size, imensional measurement, bulk density, warpage, and squate- ness of rectangular dense reffactory brick and rectangular ingulating frebrick. More precise determination of bulk density, of refractory brick can be made by Test Methods C20. Stack height is generally determined only for dense refractories, [Nore 1-—Test Methods € 830 and Test Method C914 are also used t0 etermine bebe density of refractory brick, by different procedures, 112 ‘The test methods appear in the following order: ‘actions ‘0 ara Bute Donsiy rough 7 ‘apage of Retro xox B tough 10 ‘Squares of Reletry Bik 1 hog 1 13 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The velues given in parentheses are mathematical ‘conversions 10 ST units that are provided for information onty ‘and are not considered standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safery concerns, if any, associated with its use. Tt is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. Referenced Documents 241 ASTM Standards: * 20 Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Water Absorp- tion, Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density of ‘Bumed Refractory Brick and Shapes by Boiling Water "Thee te methods ee under the jusdiion of ASTM Commitee C08 on Refaoen end we tz Ged epoca of Subsomaites CORO on Psst Prope. ‘Caren: eon approved Dec. 1, 2005. Pblised December 2005. Originally sgproved in 138 Lex vio efon approved in 1999 ax C134~95 (199) "For refreaced ASTAL sind il th ASTM website, wasting oF couse ASTM Caniomer Senco st eevee ast eg Fr Arma! Book of ASTM Standards voi nferation, refer tho sanda's Document Soma ge ot the ASTI webate ae 38 (C830 Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Liquid Absorp- tion, Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density of Refractory Shapes by Vacuum Pressure C914 Test Method for Bulk Density aud Volume of Solid Refractories by Wax Immersion 3. Significance and Use 3.1 Refractory brick are used as modular units in furnsce construction and should not deviate significantly from the | intended configuration with respect to size, bulk density, fat surfaces, and right angles. These test methods are particularly suited for use under field conditions and provide a means to determine whether the brick meets the requirements considered necessary to assite a satisfactory refractory construction. SIZE. AND BULK DENSITY 4, Apparatus 4.1 Rule, stl, hook, 12 in, (305 mm) in length, graduated {in 0.02-an, (0.5-mm) divisions, for use in measuring individual brick. The rule has a rigid hardened steel hook consisting of 2 right angled piece on one end to fx the ze10 point of the scale against one face of the brick. The hook is about Yin, (6 mn) in width and extends about ¥ in, beyond the back face of preferably, the edge of the rule 42 Rule, stiff steel, hook, 36 in, (914 mm) in length, graduated from each end in 0.02-in, (0.5-mm) divisions, for use in measuring stack height and the larger individual brick. The 36-in. rule has the same design as the 12-in (305-msm) rule. Nore 2—Check the hook rules periodically to determine that they have aot become wom or distorted in use, Other measring equipment may Dr ised, provided te results area leat as accurate as thove obtained the Rook ae 423 Weighing Scale, having a capacity of 20 Ib (9 kg) ot more and a sensitivity under load of at least 0.01 1b (4.5). 5. Sampling 5.1 A-sample consists of ten brick selected at random. fron step 6F ack, of k eco ofe, tried asin 4 cent of Lys helg sian sno i) | near | te wig ne ala kag vida wer steel ind tach ner, onSuated vidual gofa scale imm) Af c 134-95 (2005) WARPAGE OF REFRACTORY BRICK ation of Specimens-—Remove any blisters or fins een ee cabin tm acs Ont ‘ep in the case of insulating fiebrick, 6, Procedure 6.1 Length and Width—Measare the length and width of each ofthe ten specimens across the mide ofeach of the faces Sf legest area fo the nearest 0,02 in, (0.5 mmm). Make and ‘poord the individual measurements of the two opposite faces of each specimen. 62 Thiciness—Determine the thickness of insulating fire- Index ond record in the same manner as the length and width, 1 indicated in 6.1. Make the thickness measurements at the centers of te longer sides ofthe brick. Determine the thickness of dense refractory brick in the same manner or, when required by specication, calculate the average thickness from the stack height determined as in 63. 63 Stack Height—Stack the ten specimens vertically on a plane surface with their faces of largest area together to form a smooth column, without regard to the position of any brand rarks on the specimens. Measure the height of the stack to the rearest 0.02 in, (0.5 mm) from the plane surface to the top of the stack at the center of each side. Record the individual measurements of the four sides of the stack. 64 Weight—Dry at 230°F (110°C), cool, and weigh each of the specimens to the nearest 0.01 Tb (4.5 g), and record the weight. 7. Caleulation and Report 7 Siee—Report the individual measurements and the cal- culated average for the two individual measurements for length, wide, and thickness for each specimen 72 Stack Height and Average Thiclness—Report the indi- vidual measurements and the calculated stack height as the average ofthe individual measurements of the Zour sides of the stack i required, Report “average thickness by stack: eight” as tbe average stack height divided by ten. For bricks over 314 in, (89 mm) in thickness, repoct the average thickness of the individual specimens 7.3 Bull Density—Caleulate and report the bulk density for ach specimen, using Eq 1 or Eq 2 as appropriate and the average dimensions obtained in accordance with 7.1 and the Weight obtained in accordance with 6.4, (ua = 4x 17081 X00) @ or B= (atx xs) where: B = bulk deasity, b/A%g/ec), 4 = dry weigh, Ib (g), = length in. (aim), ov = width, in. (mm), and 1 = thickness, in. (nm). 8. Apparatus 8.1 Steel Siraightedge, stiff, having sufficient length to span tte diagonal ofthe largest shape to be measured, and gradvated in 0.02-in, (05-mm) divisions. 8.2 Measuring Wedges, two, stel, 25-in. (64-mm) long by 0.5 in, (13 mm) wide by 0.5 in. thick at one end, and tapered from a line 0.5 in. from one end to zer0 thickness at the other end. The wedge shall be graduated and numbered along the slope to show the thickness ofthe wedge between base AB and slope AC in 0.02-in, (0,5-mum) divisions (Fig. 1). 8.2.1 Similar Wedges, of equivalent size and slope (thet is, rising 1 mm vertically for each 4 mm horizontally), and graduated along the slope to show the thickmess of the wedge between base AB and the slope AC in ST units may be ‘employed in conjunction with a straightedge calibrated in SL units. 9. Procedure 9.1 Measuring a Concave Surface: 9.1.1 Measure and record the length of the diagonal of a concave surface to the nearest 0.1 in, 3 mm) with the graduated straightedge. Place the straightedge across the di- agonal. Insert the wedge (Fig. 2) at the point of maximum ‘warpage, and record the maximum obtainable reading to the nearest 0.02 in. (0.5 mum). 9.1.2 Repest the procedure in 9.1.1 for the other diagonal 9.2 Measuring a Convex Surface: 9.2.1 Measure and record the length of the diagonal of convex surface to the nearest 0.1 in, (3 mm) with a caliper or hhookcrule. Place the straightedge across the diagonal, and insert one wedge at each end ofthe straightedge (Fig. 3). Adjust the wedges 50 that equal readings are obtained on each, making certain that the straightedge isin contact with the brick surface atthe point of maximum convexity. Record the reading to the nearest 0.02 in. (0.5 mm). 9.2.2 Repeat the procedure in 9.2.1 fr the other diagonal. 9.23 Alicmatively, set the shape on its convex surface, on 8 plane surface, and insert one wedge at each end of a diagonal ‘Nors--SI Equivalents (Dimensions are in inchs.) m om os @ 25 a FIG. 1 Measuring Wedgej i Ai c 194 - 96 (2005) FIG. 2 Method of Measuring Warpage of a Concave Surface FIG. 3 Method of Measuring Warpage of a Convex Surface until each wedge is in contact with the diagonal (Fig. 4). Adjust until equal readings are obtained on each wedge, making certain that contact is maintained at the vertices of the diagonal and at the point of maximum convexity, Record the reading to the nearest 0.02 in, (0.5 mm). 9.2.4 Repeat the procedure in 9.2.3 for the other diagonal, 40. Calculation and Report 10.1 Calculate the percent warpage for each of the diagonal positions using Eq 3: W= (RID) x 100 ® where: warpage, %, wedge reading, in. (mm), and = length of diagonal, in, (mm) 10.2 Consider the lerger of the warpage figures as that ofthe specimen. Report the warpage values for the individual speci- mens to two significant figures. 'SQUARENESS OF REFRACTORY BRICK U1. Apparatus 111 Metal Plate, 24 by 24 by 1-in. (610 by 610 by 25 mm) thick, with one surface ground t0 a flatness of 0,005 in. (0.13 ‘mm), or an equivalent abrasion-resistant flat surface, 112 Precision Square, 12 by 9 in. (305 by 229 mm). FIG. 4 Alternative Method of Measuring Warpage of a Convex: Surface 113 Measuring Wedge, stl, 2.5 in, (64 mm) long by 0.5 in, (13 mm) wide by 0.5 in. thick at one end, and tapered from a line 0.5 in. at one end to zero thickness atthe other end. The wedge shall be graduated and numbered along the slope to show the thickness of the wedge between base AB and slope AC in 0.02 in, (0.5 mtn) divisions (Fig. 1) 12, Procedure 12.1 Place the test specimen on the metal plate 90 that it rests securely on a width face (Fig. 5). 12.2 Abut the square at about midpoint ofthe long dimen sion. 123 Insert the steel wedge at the point of maximum departure between the square and brick surface (Fig. 5). 124 Read and record the deviation to the nearest 002 in, 05 ma). 125 Repeat the procedures in 12.2, 12.3, and 124 for the opposite vertical face and each endl 12.6 Reposition the specimen to rest securely ona thickness face, 12.7 Repeat the procedures in 12.2, 12.3, and 12.4 for both ‘major vertical faces and each end, 13. Report 13.1. Repor the following: 13.1.1 Brick brand and nominal size. 13.1.2 Individual deviation obtained from each measured face for each specimen in the sampling. 14. Precision and Bias 14.1 Precision: 14.1.1 Interlaboratory Test Program—An interlaboratory study was conducted by six laboratories on ten specimens using two replications and two duplicate runs on the same specimen. The specimens were stiff mud extruded and pressed super duty brick. 14.1.2 Repeatability The maximum permissible difference ‘due to test error between two test results obtained by one ‘operator on the sate material is given by the repeatability interval and the relative repeatability interval (coefficient of variation), The 95% repeatbility intervals are given in Table 1 ‘Two test results that do not differ by more thaa the repeatability interval will be considered the same, and, conversely, two test results that do differ by more than the repeatability interval will be considered different. 14.1.3 Reproducibtiry—The maximum permissible disfor cave due to test error between two test results obtained by two ‘operators in different laboratories on the same type of material using the same type of test equipment is given by the reproducibility interval and relaive reproducibility interval (coefficient of variation). The 95% reproducibility intervals are given in Table 1, Two test results that do not differ by more than the reproducibility interval will be considered the same and, conversely, two test results that do differ by more than the reproducibility interval will be considered different. 14.2 Bias—No justifiable bias statement is possible since the true values of the properties of the reference material at@ not defined, Tra tinge wisn “Troine iagone auarer ‘eva Lengt suarer Dove Tike Devi ws iach toHigh Buk be, per cus 15. Ke 15.4 Ties; siAl c 134-95 (2005) Dong by ag tapered frog, ther end. Ty the slope << 1B and stg, ‘ ‘eso that WT Y we cng Cc scion ‘Snakes ce 4&5. End feos St 0.02 in FIG. 5 Method of Measuring Squareness 24 forthe TABLE 1 Precision Statlties tthicknes, Prec Da PaavePrcon Data 4 for both ae ae oe atti SU Rape Regalos aan Gaer es Roe - ome te ty oy eS aay, ay, vate TS ents r se oe roy Goer ist tony ong nang ——az oa aa | van co os ast Tne zo oo gongs fo Oa oss oe | relat] edimoge Sis Sw G8, Stan se toes Seamrenior’” GME 261 oie Sake dg ag ERR RTT rae “Teeiriirone POF OMB nt Bae Soy aN tay evan onto fis i “Demons SOF 90% Ot ome om anatase sana nep Deven Mp of Thames bets ‘Squareness Max 6.04 oor oon 0.027 0.094 29.540 98.674 278 99.89 j Seimens: Deviation Midpoint of fe same | Wan HE Seok Orened 2083 002 00s ogg os ore ont 2s MO Suck anson 948 O02 fas SMO or on A ean BacCansty Pounds 38098 az? tag, an daze a6 Vaae bat ce Pat 15, Reywords 15.1 bulk density: dimension; insulating firebrick; refracto- ties; size; squareness; warpage Take ers a a 1a ofl a our Commer he Wel ecules Se ce ee, ‘make your wens know tthe ASTM Comeace on Stance at he Rtienr ee a dnd Saas ance ety AST trot, 120 Su Nr iv. FO Bex C00, et Cesta, Pa 196205, settee of 1 aro al Eat alec mabe copia) of ts sans ay ba ctaras Oy seen ae oe frcarengy TOTES (PON, SIOREAGESS (a9, or soricnaenn.og (emai os Par: Barns et teas on) 41