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    High head pump Info

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    9 views4 pages

    High Head Pump Info

    Uploaded by

    Nattapong Pongboot

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    {In most installations, this type of pump usually presents no operating problems. Consider the system head curves below with each curve representing a diferent throttle valve position. SYSTEM HEAD CURVE WITH THROTTLING. se SYSTEM HEAD cuAVE. WITHOUT THROTTLING Hs; PUNE (CHARACTERISTIC. ‘cunvE CAPACITY, Notice that the system operating capacity is clearly defined for each throttle position (ie. the intersection point of the system head curve and the pump H-Q curve). Control of this, pump system will be smooth and predictable in most installa- tions. In some limited applications, the system head curve may not intersect the pump head-flow curve at a discrete point dur ing low flow operation. In this case, operating capacity may drift ‘even at a constant control vaive setting, as illustrated below. SYSTEM HEAD CURVE a Hoes: PUMP Ha CURVE Locus oF INTERSECTION POTS | CAUSING FLOW TO ORIFT. | jOves CAPACITY, This situation is rare and usually indicates an undersized pump for the installation, because the pump shutoff headis less than system static head. Fluctuations in head capacity (flow surging) may occur at Jow flow with pumps having a drooping or even a constantly rising H-Q curve. This phenomenon can easily be visualized using a simple spring-mass system. The fluid in the system represents the mass which must be capable of moving freely This condition exists whenever the suction and discharge tanks have free surfaces, as on boiler feed service. Any energy stor- age device within the system provides the necessary spring. An example would be long piping or a tank with a vapor or air cushion. Finally, a periodic excitation force is required to start and maintain oscillation of the fluid mass. These hydraulic forces at distinct frequencies usually originate within a cer- trifugal pump during low flow operation, or as a reaction by the pump to the system itselt ‘One method used to avoid flow surging problems is proper location of the discharge throttle valve, Placement of the valve close to the pump discharge flange minimizes the amplitude, and thus the effects of the flow oscillations. The mass of the ‘oscillating fluid is reduced in volume, and the turbulent flow through the valve destroysthe frequency of the excitation force. ithe throttle valve is remotely located, flow surging willbe of ow frequency and high amplitude since the fluid mass islarge. This situation must be avoided, as it may induce violent mechanical vibrations in the piping system. Consequently, the preferred location of the throttle vaive will always be close to the pur discharge flange in order to minimize the potentialandetfect flow surging Flow surging problems can also be resolved by installing a bypass line. Bypassing a portion of the pump capacity back to suction maintains pump operation closer to its design flow where the amplitude of the hydraulic excitation forces is small The bypass line also protects the pump from overheating and damage if system flow rate Is reduced to shut off Parallel operation of pumps with nor-rising head curves ‘may also present load sharing problems, as previously dis- cussed, even if they have identical characteristic curves. Con: sider the two similar pumps in parallel in the following example: SYSTEM HEAD CURVE DURING COW FLOW DEMAND HEAD, comeiNeo \cuRvE PUMP A AND 8 or x02 es CAPACITY If the system operating capacity is Q1 or higher, the load will be divided equally between the two pumps. If system demand decreases 1o Oa, the load couls be equally divided, ‘one pump may overpower the other. Forinstance, PumpAco® deliver Qg and Pump B deliver Q4, (the sum total for the two? pumps being the required capacity, Q2). Further reduction in flow demand may eventually back one unit off the system entirely, forcing this unit to run at its shutoff head. This example demonstrates the Importance of maintaining system head below peak head of any pump in a parallel system. Load sharing problems on this type of pump can be pre~ vented during low flow operation. A flow control system will iminate the possibilty of one unit taking al the load and shut- ting off the other. Alternatively, a bypass line installed on each pump willkeepitfromrunning at shutoff. The bypass should be a ‘modulating system using flow control, rather than pressure Control. Either method is strongly recommended if pumps with ‘orrising head curves are to be used in a parallel system. f PARALLEL OPERATION WITH FLOW t OnmoLieD BvPass ON EACH PUMP | prune FLOW SENSOR CONTROLLER eyPAsS (>) CONTROL VALVE. THROTTLE CONTROL PUMPS. FLOW SENSOR PUMP BOR RAND B rer anene quate HAE DOET Na) The intersection point of the system head curve and the combined characteristic pump curve determines the capacity delivered to the system In the figure below, the operating 5 capacity will be Qy at a head of Hy. g PUMPAANO Oe ‘CAPACITY, 0 ‘SYSTEM HEAD CURVE Operating capacity for this new condition will be Qe, delivered entirely by pump B. Pump A has been backed off the ‘system and is operating at its shutoff head since systemheadis = = greater than the shutotf head of pump A. This condition is very 1 dangerous because, as mentioned earlier, the pump will over, © heat and suffer internal damage. PUMP AANDE ! In summary, for pumps to run successfully in parallel they PUMFAORB should have closely matched head-flow curves within the 2; expected operating range. Some deviation is acceptable and, capacity. 8s a general guideline, the maximum head difference between pumps should be roughly 2% at any flow condition. Also, system ‘head must never exceed shutoff head of any pump throughout the operating range, Finally, the preferred piping arrangement __Note in this series pump example that single pump opera for parallel systems is uniform between the various legs. This tion is not acceptable because the system head curve never includes both the suction and discharge lines of each pump, intersects the characteristic curve of the single pump. if attempted, capacity would be zero and, the pump in operation overheats, When applying pumps in series, flange ratings, seal cavity . environment, thrust bearing capacity and allowable case work- S OPERATI ing pressure must be carefully reviewed for all operating a. ON conditions. These items are especialy critical for the second and follow-on pumps in a series installation, since the suction Series operation of pumps is often used when required total head exceeds that which canbe suppliedbya single pump, Pressure of each is dependent on the discharge of the preced: Atypical arrangement for two pumps in series is shown below. '99 PUMP. “| 4] PUMPS WITH NON-RISING HEAD CURVES, On certain low specific speed pumps, the characteristic headtflow curve may not rise continuously to shutott. In other = ea lonee words peak head is greater than shutotf head, as. shown below, The overall performance curve for pumps (similar or dis similar} in series is obtained by adding the head developed by ‘each pumpat the same capacity. Forexample, at =Qy, Pumps ‘A and B each develop a total head of Hy. In series operation, total developed head will be Ho = Hy + Hy HEAD, H 3 t g io ai ! ccaPaciry,a He NOTE: Qj, flow rate at the peak of the curve, as a per 1 PuMPAAND® centage of the design flow rate (GOES). varies depending or ms Fumpaonn Several pump design parameters a ‘A major advantage of most Sundyne pumps is the lack of any close internal clearances. Therefore, the pump head-flow Curve remains consistent through time and doesr'trequire over. Sizing to account or future performance degradation. Anadded feature of Sundyne pumps is the relative ease of replacing the hydraulic hardware toshift the head-flow curve. Thisfeaturecan ave power when systems continually operate with excessive throttling. Inall cases, a properly sized pump provides substan tial savings throughout the life of a unit. ‘Another critical design parameter usually specified with a safety margin is the NPSH available. In the majority of pump “applications, overall pump efficiency must be sacrificedin order to meet consetvatively low NPSH requirements. At this lower ttficiency, driver size can even be affected in certain borderline Situations. The net result is increased power consumption and possibly higher intial cost for the pump. Again, pump userscan realize power saving benefits by specitying design conditions without excessive margins. PARALLEL OPERATION Parallel operation of pumps is a common solution for increasing or varying the capacity ofa system. A typical parallel pump schematic is shown below. fo ( The overall characteristic curve for pumps (similar or dis similaf in parallel is obtained by adding the capacity of each ump at aconstanthead. For example, at H= Hy pump Aand B Pach deliver llow rate Qy. In parallel operation, delivered flow will be Qp = Qy +4 co PUMP AANDE HEAD. oll puNeAoRs 1° Operating capacity for the two pumps in paral! is again determined by the intersection of the system headcurve andthe Combined pump characteristic curve. Note that using two Bumps in parallel doesn't necessarily double the capacity Gelivered to the system. it depends on the shape of the system head curve. SYSTEM HEAD CURVE WITH THROTTLING 4 ‘SYSTEM HEAD CUAVE HEAD, # CAPACITY. If system demand decreases from Qo to Qj oF lower, a decision must be made whether to operate just one pump or oth pumps at low flow via throttling Operation of the single pump has several advantages including higher efficiency and Considerably longer life. Single pump operation near its best efficiency consumes less input power than running both pumps at low flow. In addition, time is available for maintenance and repair of the pump out of service. ‘The ability to operate just one pump in a parallel system requires extra precautions during the selection process. Note that the single pump will usually operate at flow rates higher than its design value. Therefore, driver size and NPSH require: ments must be accounted for at this operating condition. So far, this discussion has mainly considered pumps with Identical head-iow curves operating in parallel and each pump sharing the load equally. For pumps with different head-tiow curves, load sharing problems can arise during low flow opera: tion. To illustrate this problem, individual H-Q curves of two

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