ɍȾɄ 621.791.75 + 658.

512

ȿ.Ʉ. Ʉɪɢɜɨɧɨɫɨɜɚ, ȼ.ɉ. ɉɟɪɜɚɞɱɭɤ

E.K. Krivonosova, V.P. Pervadchuk

ɉɟɪɦɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ

Perm National Research Polytechnic University

ɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɎɊȺɄɌȺɅɖɇɈȽɈ ɉɈȾɏɈȾȺ

ȾɅə ȺɇȺɅɂɁȺ ɋɌȺȻɂɅɖɇɈɋɌɂ
ɆɇɈȽɈɍɊɈȼɇȿȼɕɏ ɋɌɊɍɄɌɍɊ

FRACTAL APPROACH TO THE MULTILEVEL

STRUCTURE STABILITY ANALYSIS

ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɧ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɨɛɡɨɪ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ

ɦɧɨɝɨɭɪɨɜɧɟɜɵɯ ɨɛɶɟɤɬɨɜ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɮɚɤ-
ɬɨɪɨɜ. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɜɲɢɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɟɞɢɧɵɣ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɣ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ, ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ.
ɍɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɜ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ:
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ, ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɹ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ
ɩɨ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ ɨɤɫɢɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɹ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢ-
ɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ.

Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ, ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɫɬɪɭɤ-

ɬɭɪɵ ɫɜɚɪɧɵɯ ɲɜɨɜ, ɨɤɫɢɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɹ, ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɥɨɦɚ.

The literature review of the research on methods for the analysis of the stability of various multi-
level objects that are formed in a continuous exposure to external factors. The algorithm of fractal
analysis, allowing to identify the relationship between the fractal dimension and properties level and
established a unified numerical parameter to describe structures, is considered. Major areas of use of
fractal analysis in materials science: Structure formation of metals, porous structure evolution by the
depth of the oxidized coating, the possibility of application of the method to predict and evaluate the
stability level of economic systems dynamic index.

Keywords: fractal anaiysis, structure of welding metal, fracture surface, oxidation coating, frac-
ture surface.

ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɬɟɨɪɢɹ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɨɜ

ɜ ɟɟ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨɦ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚ-
ɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɹɯ. Ʉ ɤɨɧɰɭ XX ɫɬɨɥɟ-
ɬɢɹ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɯ ɧɚɭɤɢ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɨɛɶɟɤɬɚɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨ-
ɜɚɧɢɹ, ɬɢɩɚɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ, ɧɚɤɨɩɢɥɢɫɶ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ
ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɣ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ-
ɫɬɟɣ: ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɡɚɤɨɧ Ƚɭɬɬɟɧɛɟɪɝɚ – Ɋɢɯɬɟɪɚ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɟɦɥɟɬɪɹɫɟɧɢɣ

 63
ɩɨ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɭɞɟ, ɡɚɤɨɧ Ɂɢɩɮɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɪɨɞɨɜ ɨɬ ɢɯ ɪɚɧɝɚ, 1/f -
(ɮɥɢɤɤɟɪ-)ɲɭɦ, ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɢɧɵ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɵɯ ɥɢɧɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɪɟɥɶɟɮɨɜ
ɨɬ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ [1–6]. ȼɵɹɫɧɢɥɨɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɡɚɤɨ-
ɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɟɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɜ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɫɢɫ-
ɬɟɦɚɯ, ɤɚɤɨɜɵɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨ-
ɜɢɹɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ. Ɇɧɨɝɢɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɦɵɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɛɶɹɫɧɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɨɫ-
ɧɨɜɟ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɢ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ – ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ
(ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ, ɦɚɲɢɧɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ) ɢ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ (ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɚ, ɫɨɰɢɨɥɨɝɢɹ).
ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɤ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɵɦ ɢ ɢɧɬɭɢɬɢɜɧɨ ɩɨɧɹɬɧɵɦ ɢ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɨ
ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ [1, 2, 5]. Ɉɞɧɨɣ
ɢɡ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɯ ɱɟɪɬ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ
ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɜɫɟɯ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɨɜ.
ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɵ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ (ɚɦɨɪɮɧɵɟ, ɫ ɩɚɦɹɬɶɸ
ɮɨɪɦɵ, ɧɚɧɨɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ) ɢ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɧɵɦɢ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ. ɋɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜɟɞɨɜ
ɢ ɮɢɡɢɤɨɜ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ.
ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɚ ɛɵɥɨ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɨ Ȼɟɧɭɚ Ɇɚɧɞɟɥɶɛɪɨɬɨɦ [5]. Ɏɪɚɤɬɚɥɵ –
ɮɢɝɭɪɵ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɨɦ ɫɚɦɨɩɨɞɨɛɢɹ, ɢɥɢ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɨɣ ɢɧɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɧɨ-
ɫɬɢ, ɬ.ɟ. ɩɪɢ ɥɸɛɨɦ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɨɦ ɢ ɤɚɤɢɦ-ɥɢɛɨ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɚ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɢ ɪɚɜɧɨ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɏɪɚɤ-
ɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ – ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɞɪɨɛɧɚɹ, ɜ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɡ-
ɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɏɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɜ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ – ɷɬɨ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɟɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɦɧɨɝɨ-
ɭɪɨɜɧɟɜɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ, ɤɚɤɢɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ, ɩɨ-
ɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɡɥɨɦɨɜ, ɩɨɪɢɫɬɵɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɣ, ɡɨɧɵ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ, ɫɬɪɭɤ-
ɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɜɹɡɤɨɯɪɭɩɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɢ ɬ.ɩ.
ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ [7–15] ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɚ ɬɟɨɪɢɹ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɨɜ ɤ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɭ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɨɛɪɚ-
ɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɫɜɚɪɤɟ. ɋɜɚɪɧɨɣ ɲɨɜ ɫ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ ɫɢɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɬɢɩɢɱɧɨɣ ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɩɪɢ ɫɜɚɪɤɟ ɧɚ ɤɪɨɦɤɢ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ (ɬ.ɟ. ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ
ɧɟɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɚ, ɨɛɦɟɧ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɟɣ ɫ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɨɣ ɧɚɥɢɰɨ), ɢ, ɤɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɤɪɢ-
ɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ ɲɜɚ ɢɞɟɬ ɩɪɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɦ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɢ ɦɚɥɨɦ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɲɜɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɢɫɭɳɚ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ ɥɨɤɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ,
«ɡɚɤɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɜ ɦɟɬɚɥɥ». ɉɪɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɫɜɚɪɧɵɯ ɲɜɨɜ ɧɢɡɤɨɭɝɥɟɪɨ-
ɞɢɫɬɵɯ ɫɬɚɥɟɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɜɢɞɦɚɧɲɬɟɬɬɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɧɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɤɨɪ-
ɪɟɤɬɧɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɣ «ɛɚɥɥ» ɡɟɪɧɚ. ɉɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɨɜ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɨ:

64 
 – ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ (ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɨɫɬɢ, ɮɪɚɝ-
ɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɨɫɬɢ) ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ ɫɜɚɪɧɵɯ ɲɜɨɜ;
– ɫɜɹɡɚɬɶ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɫ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɯɥɚɞɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɢ ɫɜɚɪɧɵɯ ɲɜɨɜ;
– ɢ ɜ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦ ɫɱɟɬɟ, ɫɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨ-
ɞɨɜ ɧɚ ɯɥɚɞɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ ɲɜɚ.
ɍɫɩɟɲɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ
ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɨɜ ɞɚɧ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɯ: ɪɚɡ-
ɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɚɯ ɬɟɪɦɨɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ, ɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ, ɫɜɟɪɯɛɵɫɬɪɨɣ ɡɚɤɚɥɤɟ ɢ ɬ.ɩ. (ɪɚ-
ɛɨɬɵ ȿ. Ɏɟɞɟɪɚ, Ɋ.Ɇ. Ʉɪɨɧɨɜɟɪɚ, ȼ.ɋ. ɂɜɚɧɨɜɨɣ, ɏɨɪɧɛɨɝɟɧɚ [1–3]).
Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɨɫɬɚɸɬ-
ɫɹ ɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ, ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɚɹ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɢ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɧɨ-
ɫɬɶɸ ɧɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɦ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɨɧɢ ɥɢɛɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɥɢɛɨ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬ ɟɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɵ.
ɋɭɬɶ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
(ɢɥɢ «ɫɤɟɣɥɢɧɝɨɦ», ɤɚɤ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɯ) ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɨɩɢɫɚ-
ɧɢɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɤɨɣ-ɥɢɛɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ – ɢɥɢ ɦɟɪɵ – ɩɪɢ
ɷɬɨɦ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ. Ƚɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɩɪɢ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɟɬɤɚ ɫ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɧɵɦɢ ɹɱɟɣɤɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ. ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ [8]
ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɨ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɦɟɪɵ ɞɥɹ ɜɢɞɦɚɧɲɬɟɬɬɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɩɥɨɬ-
ɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɮɟɪɪɢɬɚ ɧɚ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɣ ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɤɟ,
ɩɨɤɪɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɥɟ ɲɥɢɮɚ. ɉɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɞɨɛɧɟɟ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɬɶ,
ɩɨɞɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ Ɋ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɚ (ɩɨɥɹ
ɮɟɪɪɢɬɚ). ɉɨɞɫɱɟɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨ ɧɟɩɭɫɬɵɦ ɤɥɟɬɤɚɦ.
ɉɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɮɟɪɪɢɬɚ P(Li) ɧɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɫɟɬɤɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɪɚɡ-
ɦɟɪɨɦ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ Li ɷɬɨɣ ɫɟɬɤɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɦ

P  Li  constLi  Df .

ɂɡ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɥɢ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ Df .

ɉɪɢ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɫɜɚɪɧɵɯ ɲɜɨɜ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ, ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨ-
ɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ Mathcad ɢ MATLAB, ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɥɫɹ ɜ ɫɥɟ-
ɞɭɸɳɟɦ:
1. Ȼɢɧɚɪɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɬ.ɟ. ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɝɪɚɧɢɰ ɪɚɫɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɬɨɧɨɜ.
2. Ⱦɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɚɹ ɚɩɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɰɢɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ: ɪɚɡɛɢɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɨɬ-
ɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɛɢɧɚɪɧɵɯ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɤɨɣ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɢɡ ɨɞɢ-
ɧɚɤɨɜɵɯ ɹɱɟɟɤ, ɢ ɩɪɢɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɹɱɟɣɤɚɦ, ɩɪɢɯɨɞɹɳɢɦɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɥɢɬɚ,
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ «0», ɚ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɮɚɡɧɭɸ ɫɜɟɬɥɭɸ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɜɢɞɦɚɧɲɬɟɬɬɨɜɚ ɮɟɪɪɢɬɚ –
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ «1». Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɨɰɢɮɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭ-
ɪɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɨ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɭ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɭɸ ɢɡ ɧɭɥɟɣ ɢ ɟɞɢɧɢɰ.

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 3. Ɉɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɨɜ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ (ɦɚɬɪɢɰ) ɩɭɬɟɦ
ɪɚɡɛɢɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɬɪɢɰ ɧɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɟ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ ɫ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦɢ Lk × Lk (k = 1…32).
4. ɉɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɛɢɟɧɢɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɟɪɵ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɜɟ-
ɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɟɞɢɧɢɰ Ɋi, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɩɨɥɹ ɮɟɪɪɢɬɚ.
5. Ⱥɩɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɰɢɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɟɣ ln(Ɋi) ɨɬ ln(Lk) ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɶɲɢɯ
ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɨɜ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɟɣ Df.
Ɏɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɫɜɚɪɧɵɯ ɲɜɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɫɹ ɩɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ
ɡɨɧɚɦ ɫɜɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ:
– ɩɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɭ ɲɜɚ,
– ɡɨɧɟ ɬɟɪɦɨɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ (ɁɌȼ),
– ɡɨɧɟ ɫɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ,
– ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦɭ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɭ.
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ ɫɜɚɪɧɵɯ ɲɜɨɜ: ɞɥɹ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ,
ɫ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɯ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɢɞɦɚɧɲɬɟɬɬɨɜɚ ɮɟɪɪɢɬɚ, ɱɟɪɟɡ ɜɫɟ ɩɨɥɟ
ɡɟɪɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɚɭɫɬɟɧɢɬɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ
Df = 1,60…1,78; ɞɥɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɚɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɤ ɤɥɚɫ-
ɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɟɪɪɢɬɨ-ɩɟɪɥɢɬɧɨɣ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ
Df = 1,79…1,89.
ȼɵɹɜɥɟɧɚ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ – ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ
Df – ɫ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɯɥɚɞɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ ɫɜɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɲɜɚ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɭ-
ɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɱɟɬɤɚɹ ɤɨɪɟɥɥɹɰɢɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ
ɫɜɚɪɧɵɯ ɲɜɨɜ Df ɢ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɜ ɯɪɭɩɤɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ
Ɍɤɪ (ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɤɨɪɟɥɥɹɰɢɢ 0,85). Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɲɜɵ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɥɭɱɲɭɸ ɯɥɚɞɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶ (ɤɪɢ-
ɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɜ ɯɪɭɩɤɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɥɟɠɢɬ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɦɟɩɪɚɬɭɪ: –50 ºɋ). ɂ ɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬ, ɦɟɬɚɥɥ ɲɜɚ, ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɤɨɬɨ-
ɪɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɧɶɲɢɦɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɯ-
ɪɭɩɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ, ɞɥɹ ɧɟɝɨ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɯɪɭɩɤɨɫɬɢ
ɮɢɤɫɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɛɥɢɡɢ ɧɭɥɹ.
ɉɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɚ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ
ɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ ɲɜɚ ɧɟɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɧɚ ɯɥɚ-
ɞɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶ ɫɜɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɲɜɚ [10]. ɏɥɚɞɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶ ɫɜɚɪɧɵɯ ɲɜɨɜ ɧɟɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨ
ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɨ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɜɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɩɚ-
ɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ: ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɦɢ ɧɟɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟ-
ɧɢɹɦɢ (ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ 10 ɦɤɦ) ɢ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɝɪɭɛɨɣ ɜɢɞɦɚɧɲɬɟɬɬɨɜɨɣ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɯɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɧɢɡɤɨɣ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶɸ.
ɇɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɦ ɨɛɶɟɤɬɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ-
ɪɢɫɬɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɵ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɹ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɦɢɤɪɨɞɭɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɤɫɢ-
ɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ [16, 17]. Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɪ ɜ ɆȾɈ-ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɹɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ
ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɩɪɨɛɨɹ ɚɧɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɥɟɧɨɤ. ɉɨɪɢɫɬɨɫɬɶ ɚɧɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɤɫɢɞɧɵɯ

66 
ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɣ ɢ ɚɧɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɥɟɧɨɤ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɨɣ, ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɳɟɣ ɤ ɱɚɫ-
ɬɢɱɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɩɨɬɟɪɟ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɆȾɈ-ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɣ ɢ, ɤɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ,
ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɢ, ɢɡɧɨɫɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɨɧ-
ɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ. Ɏɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥ ɩɪɨɫɥɟɞɢɬɶ ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɸ
ɩɨɪɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɩɨ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ ɫɥɨɹ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɵ N
ɞɥɹ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɆȾɈ-ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɣ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɥɢ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɩɨɪ ɧɚ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɣ ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɤɟ, ɩɨɤɪɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɥɟ ɲɥɢɮɚ.
Ɏɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɜɵɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɣ, ɱɬɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ ɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ
ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɹ
ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɩɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɪ ɜ ɧɟɦ.
ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ [11, 14] ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫ ɮɪɚɤɬɨɝɪɚ-
ɮɢɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɭɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ ɫɜɚɪɧɵɯ ɲɜɨɜ ɧɚ
ɫɬɚɥɹɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ. ȼɵɹɜɥɟɧɚ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɭɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɬɪɟɳɢɧɵ.
Ɂɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɜ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɨɤɚ-
ɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɦɢɤɪɨ- ɢ ɦɚɤɪɨɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ, ɤɚɤɢɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟ-
ɫɤɢɟ ɤɪɢɜɵɟ ɤɭɪɫɨɜ ɜɚɥɸɬ, ɞɨɯɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɰɟɧɧɵɯ ɛɭɦɚɝ, ɫɟɛɟɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɞɪ.,
ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɜɨɥɚɬɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ
ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ [18, 19]. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɮɢ-
ɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɣ ɪɵɧɨɤ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɣɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨ-
ɪɨɜ, ɩɨɞɱɢɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɦ ɠɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɹɦ, ɱɬɨ ɢ ɮɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɵ ɜ ɮɢɡɢɤɟ
ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɛɢɪɠɟɜɵɯ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɨɜ ɜɛɥɢɡɢ
«ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ» ɧɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɟɬ ɤɚɪɞɢɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɢɥɢ ɤɪɢɜɭɸ ɫɟɣɫɦɨɝɪɚɮɚ.
ɇɟɪɨɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ, ɢɥɢ ɭɫɪɟɞɧɟɧɧɚɹ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɚ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ, ɜɨɥɚɬɢɥɶ-
ɧɨɫɬɶ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɨɣ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɝɨ ɪɵɧɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ.
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɤɚɤ ɜɵɹɫɧɢɥɨɫɶ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ ɗ. ɉɟɬɟɪɫɚ, Ɋ.Ɇ. Ʉɪɨɧɨɜɟɪɚ, ȿ. Ɏɟɞɟɪɚ,
ɪɹɞɨɦ ɫ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɨɣ ɝɚɭɫɫɨɜ ɡɚɤɨɧ ɧɟ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ: ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɣ
ɫɢɥɵ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɵɦɢ, ɚ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɨɦ ɢɥɢ
«ɫɚɦɨɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɣ ɤɪɢɜɨɣ»: ɨɧ ɫɚɦ ɢ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɟɝɨ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɞɢɧɚ-
ɤɨɜɵ, ɚ ɜɨɥɚɬɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɚɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɨɣ. Ⱦɥɹ
ɬɚɤɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ
ɤɪɢɜɨɣ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɫ ɨɛɳɢɦ ɬɪɟɧɞɨɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɹ ɱɟɪɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨ-
ɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɬɨ, ɤɚɤ ɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ,
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ, ɱɬɨ ɫɚɦɨɟ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɟ,
ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɧɟɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ.
Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɬɨ ɱɬɨ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɧɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ, ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɢ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜ-ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɛɶ-

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ɟɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɢɡɜɥɟɤɚɬɶ ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨɛ ɢɯ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ, ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ, ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɯ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ.

ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
1. Ɏɟɞɟɪ ȿ. Ɏɪɚɤɬɚɥɵ. – Ɇ.: Ɇɢɪ, 1991. – 254 ɫ.
2. Ʉɪɨɧɨɜɟɪ Ɋ.Ɇ. Ɏɪɚɤɬɚɥɵ ɢ ɯɚɨɫ ɜ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ
ɬɟɨɪɢɢ. – Ɇ.: ɉɨɫɬɦɚɪɤɟɬ, 2000. – 352 ɫ.
3. ɋɢɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɚ ɢ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɵ ɜ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ / ȼ.ɋ. ɂɜɚɧɨɜɚ, Ⱥ.ɋ. Ȼɚ-
ɥɚɧɤɢɧ, ɂ.ɀ. Ȼɭɧɢɧ, Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Ɉɤɫɨɝɨɟɜ. – Ɇ.: ɇɚɭɤɚ, 1994. – 383 ɫ.
4. ɏɚɤɟɧ Ƚ. ɋɢɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɚ. ɂɟɪɚɪɯɢɢ ɧɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɟɣ ɜ ɫɚɦɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɸ-
ɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ. – Ɇ.: Ɇɢɪ, 1985. – 424 ɫ.
5. Mandelbrot B.B. The fractal geometry nature. – NY: Freeman, 1983. – 480 p.
6. ȼɫɬɨɜɫɤɢɣ Ƚ.ȼ. ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɮɢɡɢɤɢ / Ɇɨɫɤ. ɝɨɫ. ɢɧ-ɬ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ. – Ɇ., 2002. – 260 ɫ.
7. Krivonosova E.A. Fractal analysis of the formation of structure in welded
joints // Welding International. – 2005. – Vol. 19, ʋ 12. – Ɋ. 976–970.
8. Ʉɪɢɜɨɧɨɫɨɜɚ ȿ.Ⱥ. Ɏɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɤ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɭ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚ-
ɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɫɜɚɪɤɟ // Ɏɪɚɤɬɚɥɵ ɢ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɚɹ ɫɢɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɚ. Ɏɢɉɋ-2005:
ɬɪ. ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪ. ɫɢɦɩɨɡɢɭɦɚ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, 14–17 ɧɨɹɛɪɹ 2005 ɝ. – ɋ. 131–135.
9. Ʉɪɢɜɨɧɨɫɨɜɚ ȿ.Ⱥ. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɨɜ ɜ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ
ɫɜɚɪɤɢ ɢ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɣ // ɋɜɚɪɤɚ ɢ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ. – 2008. – ʋ 1. – ɋ. 2–5.
10. Ʉɪɢɜɨɧɨɫɨɜɚ ȿ.Ⱥ. Ɏɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɜɚɪ-
ɧɵɯ ɲɜɨɜ // ɋɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ. – 2005. – ʋ 7. – ɋ. 3–6.
11. Ʉɪɢɜɨɧɨɫɨɜɚ ȿ.Ⱥ., əɡɨɜɫɤɢɯ ȼ.Ɇ., ȼɚɫɫɟɪɦɚɧ ɇ.ɇ. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɚɫ-
ɩɟɤɬɵ ɭɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ ɫɜɚɪɧɵɯ ɲɜɨɜ // Ɍɹɠɟɥɨɟ ɦɚɲɢɧɨ-
ɫɬɪɟɧɢɟ. – 2005. – ʋ 9. – ɋ. 20–23.
12. əɡɨɜɫɤɢɯ ȼ.Ɇ., Ʉɪɢɜɨɧɨɫɨɜɚ ȿ.Ⱥ. Ɏɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɤ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɭ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ ɫɜɚɪɧɵɯ ɲɜɨɜ // ɋɜɚɪɤɚ ɜ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ. – 2005. – ʋ 2. – ɋ. 43–45.
13. Ʉɪɢɜɨɧɨɫɨɜɚ ȿ.Ⱥ., Ɇɭɫɢɧ Ɋ.Ʉ., Ƚɨɪɱɚɤɨɜ Ⱥ.ɂ. Ɏɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ
ɜ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɫɜɚɪɤɢ ɢ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɣ // ɉɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɚɹ ɫɢɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɚ ɜ ɧɚɧɨɬɟɯ-
ɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɯ. Ɏɢɉɋ-2008: ɫɛ. ɬɪ. ɉɹɬɨɝɨ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪ. ɦɟɠɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪ. ɫɢɦɩɨ-
ɡɢɭɦɚ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, 17–20 ɧɨɹɛɪɹ 2008 ɝ. – ɋ. 444–447.
14. Ʉɪɢɜɨɧɨɫɨɜɚ ȿ.Ⱥ., Ɋɭɞɚɤɨɜɚ Ɉ.Ⱥ., ȼɫɬɨɜɫɤɢɣ Ƚ.ȼ. Ɇɭɥɶɬɢɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶ-
ɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɡɨɧɵ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɥɟɣ ɫ ɤɚɪɛɨ-
ɧɢɬɪɢɞɧɵɦ ɭɩɪɨɱɧɟɧɢɟɦ // Ɂɚɜɨɞɫɤɚɹ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɹ. Ⱦɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ. –
2010. – ʋ 6. – ɋ. 26–31.
15. Ʉɪɢɜɨɧɨɫɨɜɚ ȿ.Ⱥ., Ƚɨɪɱɚɤɨɜ Ⱥ.ɂ. Ɏɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
ɭɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ ɫɜɚɪɧɵɯ ɲɜɨɜ // ɋɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ. –
2012. – ʋ 8. – ɋ. 20–24.

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 16. Ɏɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɞɭ-
ɝɨɜɨɦ ɨɤɫɢɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ / ȿ.Ⱥ. Ʉɪɢɜɨɧɨɫɨɜɚ, Ɉ.Ⱥ. Ɋɭɞɚɤɨɜɚ, Ⱥ.ɂ. Ƚɨɪɱɚɤɨɜ,
ɇ.Ɇ. Ȼɨɪɨɞɢɧ // ɋɜɚɪɤɚ ɢ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ. – 2010. – ʋ 1. – ɋ. 37–41.
17. Ƚɨɪɱɚɤɨɜ Ⱥ.ɂ., Ȼɨɪɨɞɢɧ ɇ.Ɇ., Ʉɪɢɜɨɧɨɫɨɜɚ ȿ.Ⱥ. Ʉɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɚɤɨ-
ɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɣ ɧɚ ɫɩɥɚɜɚɯ ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɞɭɝɨɜɨɦ
ɨɤɫɢɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ // ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ ɉɟɪɦ. ɝɨɫ. ɬɟɯɧ. ɭɧ-ɬɚ. Ɇɚɲɢɧɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ, ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨ-
ɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ. – 2010. – Ɍ. 12, ʋ 5. – ɋ. 78–86.
18. ɉɟɪɜɚɞɱɭɤ ȼ.ɉ., Ƚɚɥɤɢɧ Ⱦ.ȿ. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɨɜ ɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚ-
ɧɢɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɹɞɨɜ // ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ ɉɟɪɦ. ɝɨɫ. ɬɟɯɧ. ɭɧ-ɬɚ. Ɇɚɬɟɦɚ-
ɬɢɤɚ ɢ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɚɹ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɚ. – 2008. – ʋ 14. – ɋ. 8–14.
19. ɉɟɬɟɪɫ ɗ. Ɏɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɪɵɧɤɨɜ: ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ
ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɯɚɨɫɚ ɜ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɟ [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ]. – URL: http://progi-
forex.ru/book%20etgar.html.

ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɨ 12.02.2013

Ʉɪɢɜɨɧɨɫɨɜɚ ȿɤɚɬɟɪɢɧɚ Ʉɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɢɧɨɜɧɚ – ɚɫɩɢɪɚɧɬ, ɉɟɪɦɫɤɢɣ ɧɚ-

ɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ (614990,
ɝ. ɉɟɪɦɶ, Ʉɨɦɫɨɦɨɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɩɪ., 29, e-mail: katerinakkkkk@mail.ru).

ɉɟɪɜɚɞɱɭɤ ȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪ ɉɚɜɥɨɜɢɱ – ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚ-

ɭɤ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ, ɉɟɪɦɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ (614990, ɝ. ɉɟɪɦɶ, Ʉɨɦɫɨɦɨɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɩɪ., 29, e-mail: olga@pstu.ru).

Krivonosova Ekaterina Konstantinovna – Graduate Student, Perm National

Research Polytechnic University (614990, Perm, Komsomolsky av., 29, e-mail:
katerinakkkkk@mail.ru).

Pervadchuk Vladimir Pavlovich – Doctor of Physical and Mathematical

Sciences, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (614990, Perm, Kom-
somolsky av., 29, e-mail: olga@pstu.ru).

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