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Risk Avoidance and Prevention
Risk Avoidance and Prevention
Refer to the article in Topic 5 / Core Articles, “Colleges Manage and Minimize Security Threats via
Advance Solutions”.
a. Indicate an example of a risk control option being discussed in this article. [2 points]
Risk control can be described as a set of methods to evaluate the potential losses and take actions
to either reduce or eliminate these threats. In this article, a risk of cyber security threat, that is
being faced by many colleges is discussed. The major challenge in cyber security is creating a
holistic strategy for information security program. Another critical risk control factor is the
incident response plan discussed in this article. As all educational institutions are facing the same
level of threat of cybersecurity risk like any other large enterprise. So a computer incident
response team is prepared to prevent the being victim of intellectual property theft and denial of
service attacks. In risk control options, to reduce the potential losses due to cyber security thread,
some measures are taken to eliminate or reduce these threats. These may include the installation
and replacement of fire walls to handle the college serve maintenance. Along with it, the use of
multiple firewalls in network architecture streamline the security posture. To mitigate the issue of
limited resources, a pool of resources is generated through academic alliance of big educational
institutions.
b. For your answer to part [a], indicate what specific risk control option is being illustrated by
the example. In other words, is your answer an example of avoidance, loss prevention, etc.?
[2 points]
In the above given answer, the risk control option is being discussed by the example is loss
Prevention. Loss prevention accepts the risk but attempts to minimize the loss rather than
eliminate it.
c. For your answer to part [b], explain why your answer is an example of risk control. In other
words, explain how it fits into the goals of risk control options if the specific risk control
option is properly implemented. [2 points]
The main purpose of risk control in general is the activities or attempts to control the risk factors
and make it easier to handle them in case of any risk threat occurrence. It can be done in three
different ways. (a) reduce the frequency of loss (b) reduce the severity of the loss (c) improve the
predictability of the loss. Loss prevention is assuming a lose that has the probability to occur. So
it is needed to strategies that what could have done either before (pre-loss) or after (post-loss) the
loss to mitigate or reduce the severity of the loss. In this article, some pre-loss measures like
installation of firewalls and some post loss measures like the training of staff against these
phishing and building an incident response team fits into the loss prevention goal of risk control
option.
Question No. 2
Refer to the Topic 5 / Supplemental Articles, “Nissan Adds Nearly 346K Vehicles to Taketa Recall
Saga”.
a. Indicate an example of a risk control option being discussed in this article. [2 points]
In this article, the auto care maker company Nissan is recalling its 346,000 vehicles by getting
realize a potential threat of the use of ammonium nitrate in the air Bag inflator that may cause the
b. For your answer to part [a], indicate what specific risk control option is being illustrated by
the example. In other words, is your answer an example of avoidance, loss prevention, etc.?
[2 points]
In the above given example, the risk control option that is discussed is avoidance.
c. For your answer to part [b], explain why your answer is an example of risk control. In other
words, explain how it fits into the goals of risk control options if the specific risk control
option is properly implemented. [2 points]
Avoidance is a best risk control option method of loss control. When a manufacturer discovers
any dangerous chemical in their product that may get harm to its users, then manufacturer finds a
safe substitute chemical to protect the health of the users. In this above given article, Nissan
company found that the ammonium nitrate is used in the inflators manufactured by Taketa
company and Nissan use those inflators in their vehicles. So Nissan recall all the vehicles to
replace those inflators to avoid any more loss of the lives of front passengers. As mentioned in
the article that at least 25 people have been killed and hundreds injured by Taketa inflators.
Question No. 3
Consider the following two scenarios [Option A and Option B]:
Shepherd Inc. has the total inventory of $800. Currently, Shepherd has this entire inventory stored
in one warehouse. There is a 20% chance that a fire could occur. If this fire occurs, then Shepherd
will lose their entire inventory. [Option A]
As an alternative to keeping their entire inventory in one warehouse, Shepherd is considering
separating their inventory evenly into two different warehouses, warehouse X and warehouse Y.
Once again, there is a 20% chance that a fire could occur in each warehouse. If this fire occurs,
then Shepherd would once again lose their entire inventory in that particular warehouse. [Option
B]
Read about this concept in Chapter 5 of your textbook under the heading ‘Separation’ on pages 5.9
– 5.12 in order to answer this question properly.
a. First, consider Option A.
What is the probability of having zero dollars in losses?
What is the probability of having $800 in losses?
Derive the probability distribution for total dollar losses under Option A. Note that this question
asks for total dollar losses, not number of losses. Hint: Think about the definition of a probability
distribution and apply it in this case. [2 points]
The total probability of outcome is 1.0, which shows that having probability of 0-dollar amount of loss +
20% of chance that fire could occur and shepherd will lose their entire inventory. Soo,
Probability of no fire and $0 loss occur in both X and Y ware house: 1-0.2 =0.8
= 0+ 64+64+32
= $160
c. Compare the amount of risk Shepherd faces under Option A vs. Option B. Which option
has more risk? Justify and demonstrate your answer. Recall our discussion in Topic 4 about
how we measure risk. [4 points]
OPTION X: VARIANCE = 102,400 , SD=√ VAR =320
CoV= SD/ mean= 320/160= 2
OPTION Y: VARIANCE = 51,200 , SD=√ VAR= 226.27
variance. The result shows that the Option X is more risker than option Y. As the measure of dispersion