4 Correlation and Regression

6. Karl Pearson's coefficient of correlation is dependent Marks in

20 13 18 21 11 12 17 14 19 15
[MP PET 1993] English :
(a) Only on the change of origin and not on the change of the Marks in
17 12 23 25 14 8 19 21 22 19
scale Maths :
(b) Only on the change of scale and not on the change of [AI CBSE 1979, 82]
origin (a) 0.75 (b) – 0.75
(c) On both the change of origin and the change of scale (c) 0.57 (d) None of these
(d) Neither on the change of scale nor on the change of origin 15. Karl Pearson's correlation coefficient between x and y for the
7. When the correlation between two variables is perfect, then the following data will be approximately
value of coefficient of correlation r is [CEE 1993] x : 28 40 41 35 38 33 40 36 32 33
(a) – 1 (b) + 1 y : 23 33 34 30 34 26 28 36 31 38
(c) 0 (d) ± 1 [AI CBSE 1982, 85]
8. For the given data, the calculation corresponding to all values (a) 0.40 (b) – 0.40
of pairs (x, y) is following (c) 0.44 (d) None of these
16. Coefficient of correlation between x and y for the following
2 2
data will be
( x  x )  36 , (y  y )  25 , ( x  x )(y  y )  20
x: –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
Then the Karl Pearson's correlation coefficient is y: 16 9 4 1 0 1 4 9 16
(a) 0.2 (b) 0.5 [Mathematics Olympiad 1981; DSSE 1980]
(c) 0.66 (d) 0.33 (a) 1 (b) – 1
9. For the following data of bivariate (c) 0 (d) None of these
n  25 , x  125 , y  100 17. Coefficient of correlation from the following data will be
x: 1 2 3 4 5
x 2  650 , y 2  436 , xy  520
y: 2 5 7 8 10
The coefficient of correlation is [DSSE 1983; AI CBSE 1991]
(a) 1/2 (b) 2/5 (a) 0.97 (b) – 0.97
(c) 3/5 (d) 2/3 (c) 0.90 (d) None of these
10. If coefficient of correlation between the variables x and y is 18. Coefficient of correlation between x and y for the following
zero, then data will be approximately
(a) Variables x and y have no relation x: 15 16 17 17 18 20 10
(b) y decreases as x increases y: 12 17 15 16 12 15 11
(c) y increases as x increases [DSSE 1979, 81; AI CBSE 1990]
(d) There may be a relation between x and y (a) 0.50 (b) 0.53
11. Karl Pearson's coefficient of correlation between x and y for the (c) – 0.50 (d) – 0.53
following data is 19. In a scatter diagram, the points are scattered equally in all
x: 3 4 8 9 6 2 1 corners of a quadrants, then
y: 5 3 7 7 6 9 2 (a) r  1 (b) r  1
[AISSE 1983, 85, 90] 1
(c) r0 (d) r  
(a) 0.480 (b) – 0.480 2
(c) 0.408 (d) – 0.408 20. The points of scatter diagram in perfect positive correlation are
12. Karl Pearson's coefficient of rank correlation between the ranks situated at the line
obtained by ten students in Mathematics and Chemistry in a (a) y   x (b) y  x
class test as given below is
(c) y  2x (d) y  2 x
Rank in
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 21. If r  0 . 2 , then linear correlation will be necessarily
Mathematics :
Rank in (a) Perfect (b) Negative
3 10 5 1 2 9 4 8 7 6
Chemistry : (c) Very low (d) Very high
[AISSE 1990] 22. If r   0 . 97 , then
(a) 0.224 (b) 0.204 (a) Correlation is negative and curved
(c) 0.240 (d) None of these (b) Correlation is linear and negative
13. The coefficients of correlation between the heights (in inches) (c) Correlation is in third and fourth quadrant
of fathers and sons from the following data will be (d) None of these
Heights of fathers (x) : 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 23. If correlation between x and y is r, then between y and x
Heights of sons (y) : 67 68 66 69 72 72 69 correlation will be
[AI CBSE 1985; DSSE 1984, 85] (a) – r (b) 1/r
(a) 0.60 (b) – 0.60 (c) r (d) 1  r
(c) – 0.67 (d) 0.67 24. For the following data
14. Karl Pearson's coefficient of correlation between the marks in
English and Mathematics by ten students will be
 Correlation and Regression 5
33. If two random variables x and y of a bivariate distribution are
2 2 connected by the relationship 3 x  2 y  4 , then
( x  x )  25 , (y  y )  256 , ( x  x )(y  y )  80
The Pearson's coefficient of correlation is correlation coefficient rxy equals [AMU 1999]

(a) 0.2 (b) 0.01 (a) 1 (b) – 1

(c) 1 (d) 0.1 (c) 2/3 (d) – 2/3
25. The coefficient of correlation for the following will be 34. If X and Y are independent variable, then correlation coefficient
approximately is [MP PET 2002]
x: 2 4 5 6 3 6 8 10 (a) 1 (b) – 1
y: 5 6 6 8 4 8 12 15 1
(c) (d) 0
[AI CBSE 1990] 2
(a) 0.90 (b) 0.96
35. For the data
(c) – 0.90 (d) – 0.96
x: 4 7 8 3 4
26. If y: 5 8 6 3 5
x: 3 4 8 6 2 1 the Karl Pearson coefficient is [Kerala (Engg.) 2002]
y: 5 3 9 6 9 2 63
then the coefficient of correlation will be approximately (a) (b) 63
[AI CBSE 1990]
94  66
(a) 0.49 (b) 0.40 63 63
(c) (d)
(c) – 0.49 (d) – 0.40 94 66
27. For the following data 36. The variables x and y represent height in cm and weight in gm
x: 10 7 12 12 9 16 12 respectively. The correlation between x and y has the unit
[MP PET 2003]
y: 6 4 7 8 10 7 10
(a) gm (b) cm
the value of r will be [AI CBSE 1990]
(c) gm.cm (d) None of these
(a) 0.207 (b) – 0.207
(c) 0.287 (d) – 0.287 37. For the bivariate frequency table for x and y
28. x
The coefficient of correlation for the following data will be 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 Sum
y
x: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0-10 2 11
y: 3 10 5 1 2 9 4 8 7 6
10-20 1 5
[AI CBSE 1986, 90]
20-30 – 5
(a) 0.224 (b) 0.240
(c) 0.30 (d) None of these 30-40 – 13
Sum 3 34
29. If
Then the marginal frequency distribution for y is given by
x: 25 17 21 23 12 18 22
y: 22 20 24 25 17 11 18 0  10 6 0  10 11
the value of r will be approximately [AI CBSE 1987] 10  20 11 10  20 5
(a) (b)
(a) 0.47 (b) 0.55 20  30 14 20  30 5
(c) 0.52 (d) None of these 30  40 3 30  40 13
30. If the coefficient of correlation is positive, then for the values of 0  10 10
the variables x, y when the value of x increases perfectly, then
10  20 12
(a) The value of y increases (c) (d) None of these
20  30 11
(b) The value of y decreases
30  40 1
(c) The value of y remains constant
(d) Nothing can be said 38. If the covariance between x and y is 10 and the variance of x
31. Two numbers within the bracket denote the ranks of 10 students and y are 16 and 9 respectively, then the coefficient of
of a class in two subject : (1, 10), (2, 9), (3, 8), (4, 7), (5, 6), correlation between x and y is
(6, 5), (7, 4), (8, 3), (9, 2), (10, 1), then rank correlation (a) 0.61 (b) 0.79
coefficient is [MP PET 1996] (c) 0.83 (d) 0.93
(a) 0 (b) – 1 39. If the variances of two variables x and y are respectively 9 and
(c) 1 (d) 0.5 16 and their covariance is 8, then their coefficient of correlation
32. The value of the correlation coefficient between two variables is [MP PET 1998]
lies between [Kurukshetra CEE 1998] 2 8
(a) 0 and 1 (b) – 1 and 1 (a) (b)
3 3 2
(c) 0 and  (d)  and 0 9 2
(c) (d)
8 2 9
 6 Correlation and Regression
40. Let x 1 , x 2 , x 3 ,....., x n be the ranks of n individuals (d) Coincident
5. If the lines of regression be x y  0 and
according to character A and y1 , y 2 ,....., y n the ranks of
the same individuals according to other character B such that 4 x  y  3  0 , and  x2  1, then the coefficient of
x i  y i  n  1 for i  1, 2,3,....., n. Then the correlation is
coefficient of rank correlation between the characters A and B is (a) – 0.5 (b) 0.5
(c) 1.0 (d) – 1.0
(a) 1 (b) 0
6. If one regression coefficient be unity, then the other will be
(c) –1 (d) None of these (a) Greater than unity
41. For the following pairs of observations (1,10), (2, 9), (3, 9), (4, 8), (b) Greater than or equal to unity
(5, 6), (6, 12), (7, 4), (8, 3), (9, 13), (10, 1) Cov (x, y) = (c) Less than or equal to unity
(a) 1.05 (b) 2.45 (d) None of these
(c) – 4.45 (d) – 4.9 7. The coefficient of correlation between two variables x and y is
21 0.8 while the regression coefficient of y on x is 0.2. Then the
42. If Var (x) = and Var (y) = 21 and r = 1, then standard regression coefficient of x on y is [MP PET 1993]
4 (a) – 3.2 (b) 3.2
error of y is (c) 4 (d) 0.16
(a) 0 (b) 1/2 8. If the lines of regression coincide, then the value of correlation
(c) 1/4 (d) 1 coefficient is
43. If a, b, h, k are constants, while U and V are (a) 0 (b) 1
X a Y b (c) 0.5 (d) 0.33
U , V  , then 9. If both the regression lines intersect perpendicularly, then
h k [Pb. CET 2003]
[DCE 1999]
(a) r  1 (b) r  1
(a) Cov ( X , Y )  Cov (U , V )
1
(b) Cov ( X , Y )  (c) r0 (d) r 
hk Cov (U, V ) 2
(c) Cov ( X , Y )  ab Cov (U, V ) 10. If the values of regression coefficients are – 0.33 and – 1.33,
then the value of coefficient of correlation between the two
(d) Cov (U , V ) = hk Cov ( X , Y ) variables, is
44. Covariance (x, y) between x and y if x  15 , (a) 0.2 (b) – 0.66
y  40 , xy  110 , n  5 is (c) 0.4 (d) – 0.4
[DCE 2000] 11. For the following data
(a) 22 (b) 2 x y
Mean 65 67
(c) – 2 (d) None of these
Standard deviation 5.0 2.5
Regression Correlation coefficient 0.8
Then the equation of line of regression of y on x is
1. If the regression equations of the variables x and y be x = 19.13 2 1
– 0.83y and y = 11.64 – 0.50x, then the correlation coefficient (a) y  67  ( x  65 ) (b) y  67  ( x  65 )
5 5
between x and y is
2 1
(a) 0.66 (b) – 0.64 (c) x  65  (y  67 ) (d) x  65  (y  67 )
(c) 0.001 (d) – 0.001 5 5
2. Which of the following statements is correct 12. If regression coefficient of y on x is 0.40, then the regression
coefficient of x on y will be
(a) Correlation coefficient is the arithmetic mean of the
(a) 1.6 (b) 6.4
regression coefficients
(c) 5.1 (d) 3.2
(b) Correlation coefficient is the geometric mean of the
regression coefficients 8
13. If regression coefficient of y on x is and that of x on y is
(c) Correlation coefficient is the harmonic mean of the 5
regression coefficients 2
(d) None of these and the acute angle between the two lines is  , then the
5
value of tan  is
3. If correlation coefficient is negative, then the regression
coefficient is
(a) Zero (b) One (a) 9/25 (b) 9 / 2 5
(c) Negative (d) Positive (c) 3/25 (d) 9/50
4. If correlation coefficient be zero, then the lines of regression 14. If the two lines of regression are 4 x  3 y  7  0 and
will be 3 x  4 y  8  0 , then the means of x and y are
(a) Parallel to axes [AI CBSE 1990]
(b) Perpendicular to axes
(c) Inclined at any angle with axes
 Correlation and Regression 7
4 11 4 11 (b) Perfect negative correlation
(a)  , (b)  , (c) No linear correlation
7 7 7 7
(d) None of these
4 11 The two regression lines are 2 x  9 y  6  0 and
(c) , (d) 4, 7 23.
7 7 x  2 y  1  0 . What is the correlation coefficient between
15. If the lines of regression of y on x and that of x on y are x and y [DCE 1999]
y  kx  4 and x  4 y  5 respectively, then (a) –2/3 (b) 2/3
(a) k 0 (b) k  0 (c) 4/9 (d) None of these
1 24. Which of the following two sets of regression lines are the true
(c) 0  k  (d) 0  k  1 representative of the information from the bivariate population
4 [AMU 2000]
16. If the coefficient of correlation is positive, then the regression I. x  4 y  15 and y  3 x  12 , x  3, y  3
coefficients
(a) Both are positive II. 3x  4y  9 and
(b) Both are negative 5 30
(c) One is positive and another is negative 4 x  y  1, x   ,y 
10 13
(d) None of these
(a) Both I and II (b) II only
17. If 3 x  2 y  1 and 2 x  3 y  1  0 are two lines of
regression, then the coefficient of correlation will be (c) I only (d) None of these
(a) 0 (b) – 1 25. The relationship between the correlation coefficient r and the
(c) 1 (d) None of these regression coefficients b xy and b yx is [MP PET 2003]
18. If the lines of regression are 3 x  12 y  19 and
1
3 y  9 x  46 then rxy will be (a) r (b xy  b yx ) (b) r  b xy . b yx
2
[AI CBSE 1990]
(a) 0.289 (b) – 0.289 (c) r  (b xy b yx ) 2 (d) r  b xy  b yx
(c) 0.209 (d) None of these
26. Given that the regression coefficients are – 1.5 and – 0.5, the
19. The two lines of regression are given by 3 x  2 y  26 and value of the correlation coefficient is
6 x  y  31 . The coefficient of correlation between x and y [Kurukshetra CEE 2002]
is [DCE 2000] (a) 0.75 (b) 0.7
1 1 (c) – 0.87 (d) – 0.5
(a)  (b)
3 3 27. Angle between two lines of regression is given by
1 1 [Kurukshetra CEE 2002]
(c)  (d)
2 2  1 
20. If the two regression coefficient between x and y are 0.8 and  byx  
0.2, then the coefficient of correlation between them is  b xy 
[MP PET 2000] (a) tan 1   (b)
b
(a) 0.4 (b) 0.6  1  xy 
(c) 0.3 (d) 0.5  byx 
 
21. If there exists a linear statistical relationship between two
variables x and y, then the regression coefficient of y on x is  b yx  b xy  1 
tan 1  
[MP PET 1998]  b yx  b xy 
 
Cov ( x , y )
(a)
 x y  1 
 b xy  
Cov ( x , y ) 1 
b yx   b yx  b xy 
(b) (c) tan   (d) tan 1  
 y2  1  b yx . b xy 
 1  b xy   
 b yx 
Cov ( x , y )  
(c)
 x2 28. Regression of savings (s) of a family on income y may be
y
Cov ( x , y ) expressed as s  a  , where a and m are constants. In a
(d) , where  x ,  y are standard deviations m
x random sample of 100 families the variance of savings is one
of x and y respectively. quarter of the variance of incomes and the correlation
22. If the angle between the two lines of regression is 90 o , then coefficient is found to be 0.4, the value of m is
it represents [DCE 1999] (a) 2 (b) 5
(a) Perfect correlation (c) 8 (d) None of these
 8 Correlation and Regression
8. If b yx and b xy are both positive (where b yx and b xy
are regression coefficients), then
[MP PET 2001]

1 1 2 1 1 2
(a)   (b)  
b yx b xy r b yx b xy r

1 1 r
1. The coefficient of correlation between two variable x and y is (c)   (d) None of these
given by b yx b xy 2
 x2   y2   x2 y  x2   y2   x2 y 9. If the lines of regression of y on x and x on y make angles
(a) r (b) r 
2 x y 2 x  y 30 o and 60 o respectively with the positive direction of x-
axis, then the correlation coefficient between x and y is
 x2   y2   x2  y  x2   y2   x2 y [MP PET 2002]
(c) r (d) r 
 x y  x y 1 1
(a) (b)
2. From a random sample space, 5 students has been selected. 2 2
Their marks in Maths and Statistics as given below 1 1
Roll No. 1 2 3 4 5 (c) (d)
3 3
Marks in Maths 85 60 73 40 90
10. If the variance of x  9 and regression equations are
Marks in Statistics 93 75 65 50 80
4 x  5 y  33  0 and 20 x  9 y  10  0 , then the
The rank correlation coefficient is coefficient of correlation between x and y and the variance of y
(a) 0.8 (b) 0.6 respectively are [AMU 1997, 2002]

(c) 0.5 (d) – 0.8 (a) 0.6; 16 (b) 0.16; 16

3. Two variables x and y are related by the linear equation (c) 0.3; 4 (d) 0.6; 4
ax  by  c  0 . The coefficient of correlation between the
two is + 1, if [DCE 2002]
(a) a is positive (b) b is positive
(c) a and b both are positive (d) a and b are of opposite sign
4. The coefficient of correlation between x and y is 0.6, then
covariance is 16. Standard deviation of x is 4, then the standard
deviation of y is [AMU 1988, 2002]
(a) 5 (b) 10 Correlation
(c) 20/3 (d) None of these
5. If x 1 and x 2 are regression coefficients and r is the 1 c 2 c 3 c 4 c 5 a

coefficient of correlation, then 6 d 7 d 8 c 9 d 10 a

(a) x1  x 2  r (b) x1  x 2  r
11 c 12 a 13 d 14 a 15 c
(c) x 1  x 2  2r (d) None of these
16 c 17 a 18 b 19 c 20 b
6. If acute angle between the two regression lines is  , then
21 c 22 b 23 c 24 c 25 b
(a) sin   1  r 2 (b) tan   1  r 2
26 a 27 c 28 a 29 c 30 a
(c) sin   1  r 2 (d) tan   1  r 2
31 b 32 b 33 b 34 d 35 a
7. If y  m 1 x  c1 is the regression line of y on x and
36 d 37 b 38 c 39 a 40 c
y  m 2 x  c 2 is the regression line of x on y, then which is
true 41 c 42 a 43 b 44 c

(a) m1m 2  1 (b) 0  m1m 2  1

Regression
m1 m2
(c)  1  (d)  1 
m2 m1 1 b 2 b 3 c 4 a 5 b

6 c 7 b 8 b 9 c 10 b
 Correlation and Regression 9

11 a 12 a 13 d 14 a 15 c

16 a 17 a 18 b 19 c 20 a

21 c 22 c 23 b 24 c 25 b

26 c 27 c 28 b

Critical Thinking Questions

1 b 2 a 3 d 4 c 5 c

6 c 7 c 8 b 9 c 10 a