32 Indefinite Integral

sin x sin( x     )
9. (b)
 sin( x   )
dx 
 sin( x   )
dx

(sin(x   ) cos   cos( x   ) sin   dx


 sin( x   )
Fundamental integration

 cos  dx 
 sin  . cot (x   ) dx
1. (d)  1  sin 2 x dx  x cos   sin  . log sin( x   )  c .
cos x  1 x
10. (d)
 cos x  1
dx  
 tan 2
2
dx

 (cos x  sin x )dx  sin x  cos x  c.

1  cos 2 x  x   x x
  (cosec   1  sec
2
2. (c) dx  x  cot 2 x ) dx    sec 2  1  dx  2
dx  x  2 tan  c
sin 2 x  2  2 2
.

 dx (1  sin x )
2
 (2 cosec x  1) dx  2 cot x  x  c.

3. (c)
11. (d)
 1  sin x   1  sin 2
x
dx

 
 sin   2  cos   tan x . sec x dx
1 1  sec 2 x dx 
(cos x ) dx  (cos x ) dx

 tan x  sec x  c .
 x2 x  x 2
 x  1
 (sin 2 x  cos 2 x ) dx 
.
2 2 2 12. (d) sin(2 x  a)  b
2
dx dx
4. (d)  tan x  cot x

sin x


cos x 
1
2
(sin 2 x  cos 2 x ) 
1
2
sin(2 x  a)  b
cos x sin x
1  cos 2 x

2  2 sin x cos x dx  4
c.  1
  sin 2 x 
1 
cos 2 x   sin(2 x  a)  b 2
 2 2 
 
xa ax
5. (c) (e a log x  e x log a ) dx  (e log e  e log e ) dx
 5 
 sin 2 x    sin(2 x  a)  b 2
a 1 4 
x a x

  ( x a  a x ) dx  
a  1 log a
c .
5
 b is any constant and a  .
6. (c) Given that f ( x )  x 2  5 and f (0 )  1 4
13. (b)
x3
 f (x )   5 x  c . If x  0, then f (0 )  c  2 3 
 1  x  x  x  .......  dx 
 c  1 .
3
 
 2 ! 3 ! 

 e x dx  e x  c.

x3 cot x tan x 1
   cot
2
Hence f ( x )   5 x  1. 14. (d) dx  dx  x dx
3 sec 2 x  1 tan 2 x
1  cos 2 x
 tan  tan
1 1
7. (c) dx  tan x dx
1  cos 2 x   (co sec 2 x  1) dx   cot x  x  c.

x2

 x dx 
2
 c. 15. (a)  (sec x  tan x ) 2 dx

dx 1 x  ( x  2)  (sec 2 x  tan 2 x  2 sec x tan x ) dx

 

8. (a)  dx
x  x 2 2 x  x 2

 (2 sec 2 x  1  2 sec x tan x ) dx

1 1  x 3 / 2 ( x  2)3 / 2 

2  ( x  x  2 ) dx 
2

 3 / 2

3 / 2 
c  2 tan x  2 sec x  x  c  2(sec x  tan x )  x  c.


1 3/2
3
x  ( x  2)3 / 2  c.  16. (a)  x 51 (tan 1 x  cot 1 x ) dx   x 51 .
2
dx
 Indefinite Integral 33

 1 1 
 tan x  cot x    x x  x x
 2 
  sin 4  cos 4  dx  4  sin 4  cos 4   c .
 x 52 x 52
 c  (tan 1 x  cot 1 x )  c . 22. (a, c)
104 52
  x
17. (b)  5 sin x dx  5 cos x  c .  (sin 1 x  cos 1 x ) dx     dx 
2
  2
c

18. (b)
 
tan x tan x (sec x  tan x )  sin  1 x  cos 1 x  
 (sec x  tan x )
dx   (sec x  tan x )(sec x  tan x )
dx  2
Also
Multiplying N r and D r by (sec x  tan x ), we
get  (sin 1 x  cos 1 x )dx  x (cos 1 x  sin 1 x )  c

.
tan x (sec x  tan x )
  (sec x tan x  tan x )23. (c)
2
 dx  dx
(sec 2 x  tan 2 x ) sin x  cos x sin x  cos x
 1  sin 2 x
dx   (sin x  cos x )2
dx   dx  x  c
 sec x tan x dx  
2
 (sec x  1) dx
.
 sec x tan x dx    1 dx
2
 sec x dx  x 1 x 1  2
 sec x  tan x  x  c .
24. (a)
 (x  1)2
dx 
 (x  1)2
dx

Trick : By inspection,
1 2 2
 
d
 sec x  tan x   sec x tan x  sec 2 x 
x 1
dx  dx  log(x  1) 
( x  1)
c
dx ( x  1) 2
.
sec x 25. (a)
 sec x (sec x  tan x )  cosec   cot 
sec x  tan x
 cosec   cot 
d   (cosec   cot  )2 d 

d
  sec x  tan x  x  c  sec x tan x  sec 2 x  1
dx   cosec 2 d    cot 2  d   2  cosec  cot  d 

 sec x tan x
  sec x (sec x  tan x )  1  1 
sec x  tan x sec x  tan x
  (2 cosec 2  1) d   2  cosec  cot  d 

.  2 cosec   2 cot     c.
dx (cos 2 x  sin 2 x ) dx
19. (c)
 sin 2 x cos 2 x

 cos 2 x sin 2 x
26. (b)  (1  2 x  3 x 2  4 x 3  ......) dx

  (1  x ) 2 dx  (1  x )1  c.
  cosec 2 x dx   sec 2 x dx   cot x  tan x  c
27. (c) Given that
.
3
 (cos x  sin x ) dx  2 sin( x   )  c

 1  1 3
  x  x  dx    x
3
20. (b)  3
 3 x   dx  sin x  cos x  c  2 sin( x   )  c
x x
 sin x cos x 
 2   c  2 sin( x   )  c
x4 1 3x 2 
    3 log x  c  2 2 
4 2x 2 2
 
 2 sin x    c  2 sin( x   )  c
x 4 3x 2 1  4
   3 log x   c.
4 2 2x 2   
21. (c)  sin x    sin( x   )    .
 4  4
x  2 x x x x
 1  sin
2
dx    sin
 4
 cos 2  2 sin cos  dx
4 4 4
 34 Indefinite Integral
28. (d)
3x 3  2 x  6 1  1
 x
dx   3 x 2 dx  2  x 1 / 2 dx  x 3  4 x  c    8 x  12  x  x 2
 dx  4 x 2  12 x  6 log x   c
 x
. .
dx 1  sin x

36. (b)
29. (d)  tan x  sec x  c  
1  sin x cos x 5( x 6  1) 5( x 2  1)(x 4  x 2  1)
 x2 1
dx   ( x 2  1)
dx
2
 x x x
 cos  sin  1  tan
2 2
 2 c 5 3
c 
 5( x
4
  x 2  1) dx  x 5  x  5 x  c.
x x x 3
cos 2  sin 2 1  tan
2 2 2
ax 2  bx 1  c
  (ax  bx
2
x 37. (d) dx   cx 3 ) dx
tan 1 x 3
2 x 
  c  tan     c 1 4 1 3 1 2
x 2 4  cx  bx  ax  k .
1  tan 4 3 2
2
dx 1 dx
a

4
, b  arbitrary constant. 38. (b)  sin x  3 cos x

2  sin x 3
 cos x
30. (c) 2 2
dx 1 dx  
 sin x  cos x

2  
sin x cos  cos x sin
 
1
2  
dx


1
2  cosec  x  3 
4 4 sin x  
 3

1   1  x  1 x 
 log tan     c.
2 
 cosec  x   dx  log tan     c. 2
 4  2 8 2 2 6
1 39. (d)
31. (b)  dx  sec 1 x  c (formula). x2  x  6 ( x  3)(x  2) x 3
x x2 1  ( x  2)(x  1)
dx   (x  2)( x  1)
dx   x 1
dx
32. (c)
cos 2 x  2 sin 2 x 2(cos 2 x  sin 2 x )  1
 cos 2 x
dx   cos 2 x
dx
 
x 1
x 1
dx  
4
x 1
dx  x  4 log(x  1)  c .

  sec 2 x dx  tan x  c . 40. (b)

dx dx
33. (d)

sin 3 x  cos 3 x
dx  
 sin x
 
cos x 
 dx  3
4 cos 2 x  3 cos 2 x
  cos 6 x
  sec 6 xdx
sin 2 x cos 2 x  cos x sin 2 x 
2

1
  (sec x tan x  cosec x cot x ) dx 
6
log (sec 6 x  tan 6 x )  c.

 sec x  cosec x  c sin 3 x 3 sin x  4 sin 3 x

 x x
2
41. (a)
 sin x
dx   sin x
dx
34. (a)   cos  sin  dx
 2 2

 2 x x x x  3 dx  4  sin 2 x dx  3 x  2  (1  cos 2 x ) dx  c
  cos
 2
 sin 2  2 sin cos dx
2 2 2
 3 x  2 x  sin 2 x  c  x  sin 2 x  c.
  (1  sin x ) dx  x  cos x  c. f ( x ) dx
35. (a)
42. (d)  log sin x
 log log sin x

1 (8 x 3  1  12 x 2  6 x ) Differentiating both sides, we get

 x2
(2 x  1)3 dx   x2
dx
f (x )

cot x
 f ( x )  cot x .
log sin x log sin x
 Indefinite Integral 35
43. (a) dx  (x  1)  x 


sin x  cosec x
dx   (cos x  cosec x cot x ) dx
51. (d)  1 x  x
   1 x  x 
 dx
tan x
(x  1)3 / 2 x 3 / 2

 sin x  cosec x  c
( x  1  x ) dx   c
3/2 3/2
1 1
44. (c)  1  sin x
dx    x 
dx
2 2 2
2 sin    [(x  1)3 / 2  x 3 / 2 ]  c  (x  1)3 / 2  x 3 / 2  c.
4 2 3 3 3
52. (a)
1 x   x  cos 2 x  cos 2 2(cos 2 x  cos 2  )
2   
 cosec    dx  2 log tan     c. dx  dx
2 4 8 4 cos x  cos  cos x  cos 
45. (d)

 (tan x  cot x )2 dx   (tan 2 x  cot 2 x  2) dx  2  (cos x  cos  ) dx  2(sin x  x cos  ) .

1  tan x  
  sec 2 x dx   cosec 2 x dx   4 dx
53. (c)
 1  tan x
dx   tan   x  dx
4 

 tan x  cot x  4 x  c.
 
sin  x 
46. (c)  (1  2 tan 2 x  2 tan x sec x )1 / 2 dx
4  dx  log cos    x   c
   

4


  (sec 2 x  tan 2 x  2 tan x sec x )1 / 2 dx cos   x 
4 
  (sec x  tan x ) dx  log(sec x  tan x )  log sec x  c
 
 log sin  x   c .
 log sec x (sec x  tan x )  c . 4 
2x 2x  1  1 a x 1
47. (a)  (2 x  1)2
dx   (2 x  1)2
dx 54. (c)
 a x da 
x 1
 c.

55. (c) It is obvious.

1 x 3 1
  (2 x  1) 
2
 dx  dx 56. (a) x  4 dx  c   c.
(2 x  1) 3 3x 3
1 1 e 5 log x  e 4 log x x5  x4
 log(2 x  1)  c .
2 2(2 x  1) 57. (c)
 e 3 log x  e 2 log x
dx   x3  x2
dx
48. (a)
sin 2 x  cos 2 x x 4 (x  1) x3
  sec  cosec
2 2
sin 2 x cos 2 x
dx  x dx  x dx   x 2 (x  1)
dx   x 2 dx 
3
c .

 tan x  cot x  c. 58. (a)

 x4  x2 1 x3 x2
 
49. (b) (3 cosec 2 x  2 sin 3 x ) dx
dx  (x 2  x  1) dx    x  c.
x2  x 1 3 2

 3 cot x 
2 cos 3 x 2
 c   [3 cot x  cos 3 x ]  c.
59. (b)  sec x dx  log(sec x  tan x )  c
3 3
50. (a)
 1 
1  x2  log   c   log(sec x  tan x )  c
f (x )   f (x ) dx     x  dx  log x 
x  2
c
.
 sec x  tan x 

5 1  x
2
Put x  1, then 0 c  c  2 x
2 2
60. (d)
 1  sin x dx    sin  cos  dx
 2 2 
2
Therefore, f (x )  log x 
x
 2.
x x x x
2   sin
2
dx   cos 2 dx  2 cos 2  2 sin 2  c
 36 Indefinite Integral
1
 x x
 2 cos  sin   c  2 (1  sin x )  c.
71. (b) I  (x  5) 2
dx

 2 2
( x  5 )2 1 (x  5 )1
 c  c

2
61. (b) cosec x dx   cot x  c .  2 1 1
 1 1
62. (a)   2 sin x   dx  2 cos x  log x  c .
 x

(x  5 )
c.

63. (a) I  1  cos x dx   2 cos 2 ( x / 2)dx 72. (a) Trick : Let f ( x )  e x , then  f (x )dx  f (x )

e 2x 1
I  2  cos( x / 2 )dx  2 2 sin( x / 2)  c .

 (e x )2 dx 
2
 [ f (x )]2 .
2
64. (d) I   2 sin x . cos x dx   sin 2 x dx
73. (a) I   2 1  sin x dx

cos 2 x (1  2 sin 2 x )  x x

2
c 
2
c 
 
2  sin  cos  dx
2 2 
1
   sin 2 x  c  sin 2 x  c .  x x 
2 
 2 sin   dx   4 cos     c
4 2 2 4
65. (b)
1 
 tan 2 x dx   (sec 2 x  1) dx  tan x  x  c . On comparing, a 
2
,b  .
4
66. (b)  e log(sin x )dx   sin x dx   cos x  c. 74. (a) It is obvious.
75. (a) It is obvious.
  
x
67. (b) e x log a e x dx  e log a . e x dx  a x e x dx
76. (b) It is obvious.
(ae ) x 77. (b)
  (ae )x dx 
log(ae )
 C.
 (sin
4
x  cos 4 x )dx   (sin
2
x  cos 2 x )(sin 2 x  cos 2

68. (a)
 (sin
2
 x  cos 2 x ) dx
1 dx 1 x
 1  cos x
dx   2 cos 2 (x / 2)

2  sec dx
2    (cos 2 x  sin 2 x )dx

 sin 2 x
1   x x  1  x x
   cos 2 x dx 
2
c .
 log sec  tan .  2 log sec  tan   K
2   2 2  1 / 2  2 2
(x  1) 2 x 2  1  2x
. 78. (b)
 x (x 2
 1)
dx   x (x 2  1)
dx
cos 2 x  1
69. (c) 
cos 2 x  1
dx
x2 1 x
(1  cos 2 x )
  x (x 2
 1)
dx  2  x (x 2
 1)
dx
I   
(1  cos 2 x )
dx

2 sin 2 x dx dx
  2 cos 2
x
dx   x
2 2 
x 1
 log e x  2 tan 1 x  c .

 tan  (sec dx
2 2
 I   x dx   x  1) dx
79. (b) We have,  1 x
or I   (1  x )1 / 2 dx
 I    sec 2
x dx   1 dx
1
  tan x  x  c 1
(1  x) 2
 I  x  tan x  c I c  I  2 1  x  c .
 1 
3
ax  bx  c 2
a b c  (1)    1 
70. (c) I  x 4
dx    2  4
 x x x   dx

 2 
80. (c)
b c dx 1 1  x  1 1 x
 a log x  
x 3x3
c.
 1x 2

2
log    c  In
1  x  2 1 x
 c.
 Indefinite Integral 37

dx 1 dx a2
 
x
81. (c)   I x 2  a2  log  x  x 2  a 2   C .
4x2  9 4 x 2  (3 / 2) 2 2 2  
86. (c) It is a formula.
 2x  87. (c) It is a fundamental concept.
1 2 1 1  2 x 
 . . tan 1    c  tan    c.
4 3  3  6  3  Integration by substitution
82. (a)
x 1 dx e x
 1  x 2 dx 
2
x2  1 
2
log( x  x 2  1)  c . 1. (b)
 1ex
  1  e x
dx

dx Put 1  e  x  t  e  x dx  dt , then it reduces to

83. (b) I  x 2  a2
. Put
dt
x  a sec   dx  a sec  . tan  d 
  t
  log t   log(1  e  x ) .

a sec  . tan  d  2. (b)

 I    sec  d 
dx ex dt
a tan 
 e  e x
x

 e 2x  1
dx 
 2
t 1
 tan 1 (t)

x x 2  a 2   tan 1 (e x )  c , {Putting
 log(sec   tan  )  log   c
a a  x x
  e  t  e dx  dt }.
x
 log( x  x 2  a2 )  c . x e
3. (a) Put e t  2 dt , (Now proceed yourself).
2 x
x 2
x 4 4
84. (a) I x 2
4
dx   (x 2  4 )
dx
4. (a) 
dx
 
dx
x  x log x x (1  log x )
 4  4
 I  1  x 2  dx 
4  dx   x 2
4
dx
Now putting 1  log x  t 
1
x
dx  dt , it reduces

dx to
 I  x 4 x 2
 (2) 2 dt
4
 t
 log(t)  log(1  log x ) .
x tan 1 (x / 2)  c
2 1
5. (b) Let 1  log x  t  dx  dt
x x
 x  2 tan 1 c.
2 1  log x t2
85. (b) I   x 2  a 2 dx   x 2  a 2 . 1 dx
Therefore,
 x
dx 
 t dt 
2
(1  log x )2
 .
 d   2
 x 2  a 2 1dx     dx  x 2  a 2  1 dx  dx 
  sec x dx sec x
 2x 
6. (a)  cos 2 x

 cos x  sin 2 x
2
dx

 x x 2  a2    x  dx
 2 x 2  a 2  sec 2 x dx

 x 2  a2  a2 


1  tan 2 x
{Multiplying N ' r and D' r
 x x 2  a2  
  x 2  a2
dx

by sec x }
Now putting tan x  t  sec 2 x dx  dt , we get the
 a2  integral  sin 1 t  sin 1 (tan x ).
 x x 2  a2   x 2  a2 

  dx
x 2  a 2  d sec 2 x
Trick : Since {sin 1 (tan x )} 
dx dx 1  tan 2 x
 x x 2  a2   x 2  a 2 dx  a 2  x 2  a2 sec 2 x . cos x sec x
  .
 x 2
a 2
Ia 2
log  x  x 2
a 2 C
2 2 cos 2 x

 
 cos x  sin x
 2I  x x 2
 a 2  a 2 log  x  x 2  a2   C

 

 38 Indefinite Integral
dx
7. (d) To evaluate  , the suitable substitution
3x 2 1
is (2 a sin 2 t  x ).
x 2 ax  x 2
 x6 1
dx   2
t 1
dt  tan 1 (t)  c  tan 1 ( x 3 )  c
.
8. (c)
16. (a) Put log sin x  t .
x dx x dx x sin x
 1  x cot x   1  x cos x   sin x  x cos x
dx
17. (c) Put (1  log x )  t 
1
x
dx  dt
sin x
(1  log x ) 2
 t
2
dx  dt
dt x

 t
 log t  log(sin x  x cos x )  c.
t2 (1  log x )3
 c   c.
{Putting sin x  x cos x  t , 3 3
 18. (b) Put sec x  t  sec x tan x dx  dt , therefore
[cos x  ( x sin x  cos x )] dx  dt  x sin x dx  dt }
tp sec p x
9. (b) Put (1  sin 2 x )  t  sin 2 x dx  dt
Hence
 sec p x tan x dx   t p 1dt 
p
c 
p
 c.

sin 2 x 1 dx e x
 1  sin 2 x
dx 
 t
dt  log(1  sin 2 x )  c. 19. (a)
 x
e 1
  1  e x
dx

x3 x 2. x Put 1  e  x  t  e  x dx  dt , then it reduces to

10. (b)  dx 
 dx
dt
x2  2 x2 2
 t
 log t  c  log(1  e  x )  c.
Put x 2  2  t 2  x dx  t dt and x 2  t 2  2,
20. (c) Put x 3  t  3 x 2 dx  dt .
(t 2  2)
  (t
2
then it reduces to t dt   2)dt sin 2 x
t 21. (b)
 sin x  cos 4 x
4
dx

t3 ( x 2  2) 3 / 2
  2t  c   2(x 2  2)1 / 2  c. 2 sin x cos x 2 tan x sec 2 x
3 3 
 sin 4 x  cos 4 x
dx 
 1  tan 4 x
dx
11. (c) Put x e  e x  t  e (x e 1  e x 1 ) dx  dt ,
Put tan 2 x  t  2 tan x sec 2 x dx  dt , then it
dt
 1  t  tan
1
x e 1  e x 1 1 dt 1 1 reduced to t  c  tan 1 (tan 2 x )  c .
 e
x e x
dx 
e  t
 log t  log(x e  e x )  c
e e Trick : By inspection,
2

.
12. (c) Put b cos x  t .
13. (b) Let log(sec x  tan x )  t  sec x dx  dt
d
dx

cot 1 (tan 2 x )   
1(2 tan x . sec 2 x )
1  tan x4

sin 2 x
cos x  sin 4 x
4
Therefore

 sec x log(sec x  tan x ) dx 

 t dt 
d
dx

tan 1 (tan 2 x ) 
sin 2 x
sin x  cos 4 x
4
. 
2 
t2 [log(sec x  tan x )]2   1
 c   c. 22. (b) x 2 x  dx
14.
2 2
(a) Put x 2  4 x  3  t  (2 x  4 ) dx  dt
 x (2 log x  x )
dx  
 (2 log x  x )
2 
1 Now put (2 log x  x )  t    1  dx  dt ,
 ( x  2) dx  dt , then it reduces to x 
2
then it reduces to
1 dt 1 1
2  t
 log t  c  log( x 2  4 x  3)  c.
2 2 

1
t
dt   log t   log(2 log x  x )
3 2
15. (b) Put x  t  3 x dx  dt , therefore
 1 
 log    c .
 2 log x  x 
 Indefinite Integral 39

2 dt
23. (d) Put 1  x  t  x dx 
2 1 sin 1 (a x )
 sin 1 (t)  c  c .
It reduces to log e a log e a
1 1 t3/2 1
t
1/2
dt    (1  x 2 )3 / 2  c. tan x tan x
2 2 3/2 3 32. (b)
 sin x cos x
dx 
 tan x sin x cos x
dx

e x ( x  1)
24. (a)
 cos 2 (xe x )
  e x (x  1) sec 2 (xe x )dx
sin x sec x sec 2 x
Putting xe x  t  ( x  1)e x dx  dt , we get
  tan x sin x cos x
dx   tan x
dx

Put t  tan x  dt  sec 2 x dx , then it reduces to

 sec 2 t dt  tan t  c  tan( xe x
)  c.
1
25. (b) Put x t
1
dx  dt .  t
dt  2 t 1 / 2  c  2 tan x  c .

2 x 33. (a) Put a 2  b 2 sin 2 x  t  b 2 sin 2 x dx  dt , then

x 1 x 1
26. (c)  x 1 2
dx 
 x 1 2
dx 
 2
x 1
dx
 2
sin 2 x
2 2
dx  2
1 dt 1
 2 log t  c 
a  b sin x b t b
Put x 2  1  t  2 x dx  dt , then it reduce to 1
1 dt 1 1  2 log(a 2  b 2 sin 2 x )  c.
2  t 1/2
  x2 1
dx 
2
. 2 .t1 / 2  log(x  x 2  1 )  c b
1
34. (c) Put t  1  log x  dt  dx , then
 (x 2
 1) 1/2
 log(x  x 2
 1 )  c. x
27. (a) Put a cos x  b sin 2 x  t
2
dx dt
 2(b  a) sin x cos x  dt ,  x 1  log x
  t1 / 2
 2 t 1 / 2  c  2(1  log x )1 / 2  c
sin x cos x dx 1 1
then
 2
a cos x  b sin x 2

2(b  a)  t
dt
35.
.
(c) Put t  1  tan x  dt  sec 2 x dx
1
 log(a cos 2 x  b sin 2 x )  c . sec 2 x 1
2(b  a) 
1  tan x
dx 
 t
dt  log t  c
1
28. (c) Putting t  tan 1 x  dt  dx , we get  log(1  tan x )  c.
1 x2
e 2x  1 e x  e x
e tan 1 x 36. (b)
 e 2x  1
dx 
 e x  e x
dx
 
1
dx  e t dt  e t  c  e tan x
 c.
1  x2 Now put e x
e x
 t  (e x  e  x )dx  dt , then it
1 reduces to
29. (b) Put log x  t  dx  dt , then
x dt
 t
 log t  log(e x  e  x )  log(e 2 x  1)  x  c
1 1 1 1
 
.
dx  dt    c    c.
x (log x ) 2 t2 t log x x 1 1 x
log tan t sec 2 dx  dt
.
1 37. (a) Put 2 x 2 2
30. (c)  x
tan 4 x . sec 2 x dx tan
2
 cosec x dx  dt , therefore
sec 2 x
Put tan x t dx  dt , then it reduces
2 x
cosec x 1  x
to
2 2
 x
dx   t
dt  log t  c  log  log tan   c
 2 
t log tan
4
2 dt  (tan x )5  c  tan 5 x c.
5 5 2
.
31. (a) Put a x  t  a x log e a dx  dt , then
1 sec 2 x dx


a x
dx 
1

dt 38. (b)
 cos 2 x (1  tan x ) 2
dx 
 (tan x  1) 2

1a 2x log e a 1t 2

Put tan x  1  t  sec 2 x dx  dt , then it reduces
to
 40 Indefinite Integral
1 1 1 (t  1) 1 
 t 2
dt 
tan x  1
c 
1  tan x
 c. 
 t
dt 
  t  1  dt
39. (b) Put
x 10  10 x  t  (10 x 9  10 x log e 10 ) dx  dt ,  log t  t  c  log(e  x  1)  (e  x  1)  c
then
 log(e x  1)  x  e  x  1  c
10 x 9  10 x log e 10 1
 10 x  x 10
dx 
 t
dt  log t  c  log(e x  1)  x  e  x  c ,
( 1  constant).
 log( x 10  10 x )  c.
1 e x
40. (a)
 (e x
1
 e  x )2
dx 
 (e 2x
e 2x
 1)2
dx 47. (a)  1  e 2x
dx 
 e 2 x  1
dx

Put e 2 x  1  t  2 e 2 x dx  dt , then it reduces to Put e  x  t  e  x dx  dt , then it reduces to

1 1 1 1 1

1
2 t 2
dt   .  c  
2 t 2x
2(e  1)
 c. 
 2
t 1
dt   log  t 

t2 1  c

41. (c)
cos 2 x (cos x  sin x )(cos x  sin x )
 (cos x  sin x )2
dx   (cos x  sin x )2
dx
  log e  x 

 1
e  2 x  1    log  x 

1  e 2x 

e ex 
 
cos x  sin x

 cos x  sin x
dx
  log 1 


1  e 2 x   log e


x
c

Put t  sin x  cos x  dt  (cos x  sin x )dx ,

 x  log 1  1  e 2 x   c.

 

then it reduces to
1 3x 2 3x 2
t 
dt  log t  c  log(sin x  cos x )  c . 48. (a)  9  16 x 6
dx 
 (3) 2  (4 x 3 ) 2
dx

1
42. (c) Put log x  t  dx  dt , therefore Put 4 x 3  t  12 x 2 dx  dt , then it reduces to
x
tan(log x )
 dx  tan t dt  1 dt 1 1 t 1  4x3 
x
4  2
(3)  t 2
 . sin 1    c  sin 1 
4 1 3 4  3
c


 log sec t  c  log sec(log x )  c . .
(b) Putting sin x  t  cos x dx  dt , we get
  49.
3 log sin x 3
43. (b) cos x e dx  cos x sin x dx

t4 cos 4 x
  t 3 dt  
4
c  
4
c {Putting t  cos x ] .
 cos x 4  sin 2 x dx   4  t 2 dt   (2)2  t 2 dt

(b) Put t  3 x  5  dt  3 dx , therefore t 4 t

44.  4  t 2  sin 1  c
2 2 2
1
 tan( 3 x  5 ) sec( 3 x  5) dx 
3  tan t. sec t dt

1 1 
sin x 4  sin 2 x  2 sin 1  sin x   c.
2 2 
sec t sec( 3 x  5 )
 c   c.
 
3 3
3 3 50. (b) x 2 (3) x 1
dx  3 x 2 . (3) x dx

45. (b) Put t  x 2  dt  2 x dx , therefore Putting x 3  t  3 x 2 dx  dt , we get

3
3t (3)x
 1 x
x
4
dx 
1
 1t
1
2
dt 
1 1
tan 1 t  c  tan 1 x 2  c
  3 t dt 
log 3
c 
log 3
c .
2 2 2
dx
 sec 
2/3
. 51. (b) x cosec 4 / 3 x dx  4 /3
sin x cos 2 / 3 x
e x e x e x
46. (a)
 1ex
dx 
 e x  1
dx Multiplying N and D by cos 2 x , we get
r r

{Putting tan x  t  sec 2 x dx  dt }

Put e  x  1  t  e  x dx  dt , then it reduces to
 Indefinite Integral 41

1  t  5
sec 2 x dx dt t 1 / 3

18 
te   e t dt  
 18  e t dt  c
  tan 4 / 3 x
  t4 /3

(1 / 3)
 c  3(tan x )1 / 3  c
1 1
 (te t )  e t  c
. 18 3
52. (a)
1 2 1 2
 (3 x 2  5 ) e 3 x 5  e 3 x  5  c.
 cos 5 x dx   cos 4 x cos x dx   (1  sin 2 x ) 2 cos xdx
18 3
Put sin x  t  cos x dx  dt , then it reduces to 57. (c) The most suitable substitution is tan x  t.
58. (b) Put 1  cot x  t  cosec 2 x dx  dt , then
t 5 2t 3
 (1  t 2 )2 dt   (1  t 4  2 t 2 ) dt 
5

3
tc
cosec 2 x 1

5
sin x 2 sin x
  sin x  c .
3  1  cot x
dx    t
dt   log t  c   log(1  cot x ) 

5 3 .
53. (a) 1
59. (b) Put x t dx  2 dt , then it reduces to
  x
3 2
sec x tan x dx  sec x (sec x  1) tan x dx


 sec x tan x sec 2 x dx 
 sec x tan x dx
2  sin t dt  2 cos t  c  2 cos x  c.

60. (d) Put e x  t  e x dx  dt , then

sec 3 x
  sec x  c , (Putting sec x  t in first
3
 e x tan 2 (e x ) dx   
2
part). tan t dt  (sec 2 t  1) dt
54. (c)
d sec 2  d  sec 2  (1  tan 2  )
 sin  cos 3 
  sin  cos 
  tan 
d  tan t  t  c  tan( e x )  e x  c.
dx e 2 x dx
Put t  tan   dt  sec 2  d  , then it reduces to 61. (a)  e  2 x (e 2 x  1) 2
  (e 2 x  1) 2
1  t2 1 
 t
dt     t  dt
t  Put t  e
2x
1 
dt
 e 2 x dx , then it reduces to
2
1 1 1 1
 log t 
t2
2
 c  log tan  
tan 2 
2
 c. 2  t 2
dt  
2t
c  2x
2(e  1)
 c.

1
55.
1
(b) Put cos x  t   dx  dt , then 62. (b)  tan 4 x dx   tan 2 x (sec 2 x  1) dx
1 x2

tan 3 x

1
dx   
1
t
1
dt   log t  c  log  c
t
  tan 2 x sec 2 x dx   tan 2 x dx 
3
 tan x  x  c
cos 1 1 x2 .
  log(cos 1 x )  c. 1
63. (c) Put log x  t  dx  dt , then it reduces to
x

3 3 x 2 5
56. (b) x e dx
dt
The simplest way is substituting (3 x 2  5 )  t.  1t 2
 sin 1 t  sin 1 (log x )  c.

2 dt
Put t  3 x  5  dx  , 64. (a) Put f ( x )  t  f ( x ) dx  dt , then
6x
1 t 5  t
 
2
5
then x 3e 3 x dx    e dt f (x ) 1 1 1
6  3   | f ( x )| 2
dx   t 2
dt    c  
t f (x )
 c.

1 1 5
 [te   e dt  x 3 cos x 2 dx
t
  5 e t ]dt  te t dt  t 65. (c) x 2  t is applicable for
18 18 18
1 1

2  t cos t dt 
2
(t sin t   sin t dt  c)
 42 Indefinite Integral

1 1 1
(t sin t  cos t  c)  ( x 2 sin x 2  cos x 2  c).  sec 2 (log x ) dx   sec
2
 t dt  tan t  c  tan(log x ) 
2 2 x
.
 tan x . sec 2 x 2
66. (a) 1  tan x dx
dx
Put tan x  t  sec 2 x dx  dt , then it reduces to
73. (b)  x log x . log(log x )

 t 1  t 2 dt
Put log x  t, then it reduces to 
dt
t . log(t)
Now again, put 1  t 2  u, then its reduced form is
Again put log t  z , then reduces form is
1 1 3/2 1 dz

2  u du  
3
u  c   (1  tan 2 x )3 / 2  c.
3  z
 log z  log[log(log x )]  c .

sin 2 x sin(5 x  3 x ) 74. (a) Put t  tan x  dt  sec 2 x dx , then

67. (c)
 sin 5 x sin 3 x
dx   sin 5 x sin 3 x
dx
sec 2 x dx 1
 2
tan x  4
  t  22
2
dt
sin 5 x cos 3 x  cos 5 x sin 3 x
  sin 5 x sin 3 x
dx
 log[tan x  tan 2 x  4 ]  c.

1
1 1 75. (b) Put t  tan  1 x 2  dt  2 x dx , then
 log sin 3 x  log sin 5 x  c. 1  x4
3 5
68. (b) Put e x  t  e x dx  dt , then 2 x tan 1 x 2 t2 1
 1  x4
dx   t dt 
2
 c  (tan  1 x 2 )2  c.
2
e x dx dt
 1e 2x
  1t 2
  cos 1 t  c   cos 1 (e x )  c
76. (b) Put x t
1 1
dx  dt , then
2 x
.
1
69. (c)  log a
(a x cos a x ) dx

a x
dx  2  a t dt 
2a t
 c  2a x
log a e  c.
x log e a
x x dt
Put a  t  a dx  , then it reduces to
x3 x3
log a
77. (c)  1  x8
dx   1  ( x 4 )2
1 1 1
 (log a) 2
cos t dt 
(log a) 2
sin t  c 
(log a) 2
sin a x  c Put x 4  t  4 x 3 dx  dt , then it reduces to

. 1 dt 1 1
70. (b) Put a  b cos x  t  dx  
dt
, then 4  1 x 2

4
[sin 1 (t)]  c  sin 1 ( x 4 )  c.
4
b sin x
78. (a) Put t  cos x 2  dt  2 x sin x 2 dx , then
sin x 1 1 11

(a  b cos x )2
dx  
b t2
dt 
b t
c   2 x cos 3 x 2 sin x 2 dx    t 3 dt  
t4
c
4
1
  c. 1
b(a  b cos x )  cos 4 x 2  c.
4
1 1
71. (b)
 x 3
[log x x ]2 dx   x 3
[ x log x ]2 dx 79. (a)  sec 4 x tan x dx   sec 3 x sec x tan x dx

Put t  sec x  dt  sec x tan x dx , then it

1 1
  x
(log x )2 dx  (log x )3  c ,
3
{Putting reduces to
t4 1
log x  t} .
 t 3 dt 
4
 c  sec 4 x  c.
4
72. (a) Put t  log x  x dt  dx , then
80. (a) Put 2 e  x  5  t  2 e  x dx  dt , then
 Indefinite Integral 43
89. (b) Put
1 2
 e  x cosec 2 (2 e  x  5 ) dx  
2  cosec 2 t dt x  a(sin  )2 / 3  dx 
3
a(sin  )1 / 3 cos  d 

1 1 
 cot t  cot( 2 e  x  5 )  c . 2
2 2 a1 / 2 (sin  )1 / 3 a (sin  )1 / 3 cos 
x
81. (b)  sin 3 x . cos x dx . Put sin x  t, then  a  x3
3
dx   3
a 3  a 3 sin 2 
d
4 4
t sin x
cos x dx  dt ;
 t 3 dt 
4

4
c .
2 3/2 cos  d  2 x
3/2

82. (b) Put t  3 x  3  dt  3 dx , then


3
a  a 3 / 2 1  sin 2 

3
sin  1  
a
c .

1
1 1 at a 3 x 3 90. (a) Put 1  log x  t  dx  dt , then
 a 3 x  3 dx 
3  a t dt 
3 log e a
c 
3 log e a
c x
. 1 dt
83. (c) Put x 2  sin 2 x  2 x  t, then it reduces to  x cos 2 (1  log x )
dx   cos 2 t
  sec 2 t dt

1 1 1 1
2  t
dt  log t  c  log(x 2  sin 2 x  2 x )  c.
2 2
 tan t  c  tan(1  log x )  c.
91. (a) Put x  tan   dx  sec 2  d  , then
84. (a) Put t  x  log sec x  dt  (1  tan x ) dx , then
1  tan x 1
 x  log sec x
dx   t
dt  log t  c

1
dx  
sec 2  d 
  cosec  cot  d 
x2 1  x2 tan 2  sec 
 log( x  log sec x )  c.
– x2 1
 1  cosec   c   c.
85. (c) Put t  x  log x  dt   1   dx , then x
 x
2 3
92. (c) Put x  tan   dx  sec 2  d  , then
(x  1)(x  log x ) t
 x
dx  t 2 dt 
3
c  dx sec 2  d  cos  d 
1
 ( x  log x )3  c.
 (x 2  1) x 2  1
  (tan 2   1) sec 
  (2 sin 2   1
3
Again put t  sin   dt  cos  d  , then it reduces
86. (a) Put x  sin   dx  cos  d  , then it reduces to
to
1
 (1  sin 2  ) d    
2  (1  cos 2 ) d 
 1 
t 
dt 1 dt 1  2 

3 1 3 1
 sin  1  sin 2   c  sin 1 x  x 1  x 2  c  2

(2 t  1) 2   1 
2

2 2
log
 1 
c
2 2 2 2 t 2    t 
2   2 
.  
cos x  sin x cos x  sin x
87. (a)  1  sin 2 x
dx   (sin x  cos x ) 2
dx

1  1 x2  x 2 
log 

c
 .
2 2 2
 1 x  x 2 
Now put sin x  cos x  t, then the required integral
is 2 1
93. (a) Put log(x  1  x )  t  dx  dt ,
1 1 x2
 c.
sin x  cos x
log( x  1  x2 )
88. (c) Put 3  5 x 4  t  20 x 3 dx  dt , then then  1  x2
dx   t dt
1
 x 3 3  5 x 4 dx  t
1/2
dt
20 1 2

2 1 1  log( x  1  x 2 )  c .
  .t 3 / 2  c  (3  5 x 4 ) 3 / 2  c. 2  
3 20 30
94. (a)  e x sin(e x ) dx

Put e x  t and e x dx  dt , the integral reduces to

 44 Indefinite Integral
sin x
 sin t dt   cos t  c   cos(e x )  c.
99. (c) Given I  dx . Put
5 3 2 3
cos 2 x
95. (d) Here x x x and differential coefficient of x is cos x  t  sin x dx  dt
2. In order to remove fractional powers, we put
3x dt 1
1  x 3  t 2  3 x 2 dx  2 t. dt ; Also  I  t2
  k  sec x  k .
t
x 3  t2 1
(t 2  1)  2
100. (a) I   e x sec 2 (e x ) dx . Put e x  t  e x dx  dt
 2
  (t
2
I  t dt    1) dt
t 3  3  I   sec 2 t dt  tan t  k  tan( e x )  k .

2  t3  2 dx

3
  2
 3  t   9 t (t  3) =
 
101. (a) I  x x4 1
2 dt dt
(1  x 3 ) ( x 3  2) 2
Put x  t  2 x dx  dt  dx  
9 2x 2 t
(t 2  1  x 3 )
dt 1 1
( x 4  x )1 / 4 1  1 
1/4
 I   sec 1 t  k  sec 1 x 2  k
96. (a)
 x5
dx   4 
x 
1 3 
x 
dx 2
2t t  1 2 2


2
102. (d) I  t . e  3 t dt
5/4
1 4 5/4 4  1  1

1/4
 t dt  t c  1  3  c Put  3 t 2  z  6 t dt  dz  t dt  dz
3 15 15  x  6
2
1  ez e 3 t

z
 1 1 1   I e dt  c    c.
Putting 1  3  t and 4 dx  dt  6 6 6
 x x 3 
dx
97. (a) 103. (b) I 
x (1  ( x )2 )
. Put
1 1
 [(x  1)3 ( x  2)5 ]1 / 4
dx    x 1 
3/4
2
dx
x t
1
dx  dt
  ( x  2) 2 x
x 2
2 dt

1

1
dt ,
I  1t 2
 2 tan 1 t  A
3 t3 / 4
 I  2 tan 1 x  A;
 x 1 3 
 t dx  dt   f ( x )  2 tan 1
x .
 x2
2
( x  2)  2
104. (d) Put x  t  dt  2 x dx
1/4
 t1 / 4 

1    c  4 t1 / 4  c  4  x  1  c .  Given integral
3 1 / 4  3 3 x 2 1 1 1
 
1 dx

2  cos t dt  sin t  sin x 2  c .
2 2
98. (a) I  1  sin 2 x
dx   2 sin x  cos 2 x
2 105. (b) Put x 3  t  dt  3 x 2 dx

sec 2 x dx x 2 tan 1 x 3 dx 1 tan 1 t

 
sec 2 x dx 
1
2  1  1 x 6

3  1  t2
dt
2 tan 2 x  1 tan 2 x 
2 dt
Put z  tan 1 t  dz 
Put tan x  t  sec 2 x dx  dt , then 1  t2
1 dt 1 1 t
I   . tan 1 1 1 z2 z2 1
2 t2 
1
2
2 1/ 2 1/ 2 
3  z dz 
3 2

6
 (tan 1 x 3 ) 2  c .
6
1  1 
 tan 1 ( 2 tan x )  k . 2 1 2 
2 x 1  x  dx
106. (a) I  x (x 2  1)
dx   1
x  
x
 Indefinite Integral 45

1 1
Put x  t  (1  2 ) dx  dt   sin x (1  cos 2 x ) dx
x x
dt x2 1
  sin x dx   cos 2 x . sin x dx
 I  t
 log t  c  log
x
c .
cos 3 x .
  cos x 
e 2x  1 e x  e x 3
107. (a) I  e 2x  1
  e x  e x
dx 1 1
Put e x  e  x  t  (e x  e  x ) dx  dt
113. (b) I  x
log x dx . Put log x  t  dx  dt
x
t2 (log x )2
dt
 I
t 
dt  log t  c  log(e x  e  x )  c . I  t dt 
2
c 
2
c.

cos x  sin x
108. (a) I   dx 114. (c) I   sin 2 x . cos x dx . Put
sin 2 x sin x  t  cos x dx  dt
cos x  sin x
  dx t3 sin 3 x
(sin x  cos x )2  1  I  t 2 dt 
3
c 
3
c .
Put sin x  cos x  t  (cos x  sin x ) dx  dt
1
e  (2 x )e
x2 x2
115. (b) . x dx  dx
2
dt
I   cosh 1 t  c  cosh 1 (sin x  cos x )  c 1 1 1 x2
 e dt  2 e
t t
t2 1   e , (Put
2 2
.
1 x 2  t  dt  2 x dx ) .
 1  x
109. (a) I   1  2  e x dx .
 x 
Put
116. (c) 
x3
dx 
1

4x3
dx
1  x4 4 1  x4
1  1 
x  t   1  2  dx  dt (Put 1  x 4  t)
x  x 
1
x 1
 I  e t dt  e t  c  e x c .
1 dt 1 t 2 1 1
 1

110. (a)  ( x  3)(x 2  6 x  10 )9 dx


4  t1 / 2
 
4  1 1 2
t 
2
1  x 4  c.

2
1
 (2 x  6)(x
2
  6 x  10 )9 dx dx e x dx
2
117. (a)
I  x  1 
  (1  e x 2
)
1 ( x 2  6 x  10 )10 (1  e ) 1  x 
 c  e 
2 10
1 Let 1  e x  t ,  e x dx  dt
 ( x 2  6 x  10 )10  c .
20 
x x dt t 1 (1  e x )1 1
111. (c) f ( x ) 
1  x2
,  I f (x )    1 x2
dx I t 2 
 t  2 dt 
1

1

1ex
.

Put 1  x 2  t  2 x dx  dt  x dx  dt / 2 e x 1
1 dt 1
118. (c) I  x
dx . Put x t,
2 x
dx  dt
 I
2 t 2 
 log t  c ;
 I  2  e dt  2 e  C  2 e
t t x
C.
1
I  log(1  x 2 )  c . sin 3 2 x
2 119. (d) I  cos 5
2x
dx
 
3 2
112. (c) sin x dx  sin x . sin x dx

sin 3 2 x 1
 cos  tan
3
I 3
. 2
dx  2 x . sec 2 2 x dx .
2 x cos 2 x
Putting tan 2 x  t and 2 sec 2 2 x dx  dt , we get
 46 Indefinite Integral

1 t4 dx
I  t3
dt
2
 .
2 4
1
 C  (tan 4 2 x )  C.
8
126. (b) I 2 x (1  x )
. Put x  t 

1
x
x
120. (a) I  (1  log x ) dx . dx  dt
x 2 x
Put x x
 t , then x (1  log x )dx  dt
dt
I   dt  I  t C  I  xx C. I  1t 2
 tan 1 t  c  tan 1 ( x )  c .
dx
 (a  cosec
4
I  127. (c) I  x dx
121. (b) 2
 x 2 )3 / 2
 cosec x . cosec xdx
2 2

Put x  a tan   dx  a sec 2  d 
  cosec x (1  cot x ) dx
2 2

a sec 2  a sec 2    cosec x dx   cot x . cosec

2 2 2
x dx
I   (a 2
 a tan  )
2 2 3/2
d  a 3
(sec  ) 2 3/2
d
cot 3 x
  cot x  c.
1 d 3
 I
a 2  sec  1 ex
2

 
x2
128. (b) I  xe dx  t
e dt  c.
1 1

a2  cos  d  
a2
sin   c 2 2
{Put x 2  t 
x 2 xdx  dt }
 I c .
a 2 (x 2  a 2 )1 / 2 129. (b)  f ( x )dx  g( x )
1
e m tan x
122. (c) I
1 x 2
dx , Put m tan 1 x  t
f
1
( x ). 1dx  f 1 ( x ) dx  
 d
  dx 

f 1 ( x ) dx dx

m dx dt
 dx  dt   d
 x dx
2 2
1 x 1 x m  xf 1 ( x )  f 1 ( x )dx
1 1 1 m tan 1 x
I
m 
e t .dt  e t  c 
m m
e c.  xf 1
(x )   xd { f
1
( x )}

1  tan 2 x sec 2 x Let f 1 ( x )  t  x  f (t) and

123. (d) I  1  tan 2 x
dx   1  tan 2 x
dx
d{ f 1
( x )}  dt
Put tan x  t  sec 2
x . dx  dt 

1 1
 xf (x )  f (t )dt  xf ( x )  g(t )  xf 1 ( x )  g{ f 1 ( x )
dt
I 1t 2 .
Trick : Put f ( x )  x 2 , then option (b) is correct.
1 1  t  1 1  tan x
 log    c  log c . 130. (c) Put e x  1  t  e x dx  dt
2 1 1  t  2 1  tan x
2 dx

124. (d) I   . Put 2 x  sin   e x
dt
2 dx  cos  d 
1  4x 2  x
e 1
dx   t
 log t  c  log(e x  1)  c .

131. (d) Put sin x  cos x  t  (cos x  sin x )dx  dt

cos  d  cos   (sin x  cos x )dx  dt
I  1  sin  2
  cos  d   d  c    c 
. sin x  cos x dt 1
Therefore, I  sin 1
(2 x )  c.  sin x  cos x
dx    t
  log t  c  log    c
t
e  1) 1 dx Hence,
3 log x 4
125. (b) I  (x
sin x  cos x  1 
e  dx  log  c .
3
 log x
( x 4  1) 1 dx
sin x  cos x  sin x  cos x 
3
1 4x 1

4  (x 4
 1)
dx 
4
log(x 4  1)  c . 132. (b) Put tan 1 x  t 
1
1  x2
dx  dt
 Indefinite Integral 47

(tan 1 x )3 t4 1  2 cos x 

 1  x2
dx   t 3 dt 
4
c = I
2 3
tan 1 
 3 
c .

(tan 1 x )4 dx
4
c . 139. (d) We have, I   x (x  9 )
133. (d) Put x  t , squaring both sides, we get x  t 2 and
1 x 1x 1 x dx dx  2 tdt
 1 x
dx   1x 2
dx   1 x 2
dx   1 x 2
dt 2 t
Now proceed yourself.  I2  2
t 3 2

3
tan 1  
3


x x x
134. (b)  1 x
dx 
 x (1  x )
dx
I
2
3
 x 
tan 1  
 3 .
 
x 1 1

 dx 
 dx  log x  1 
2
x ( x  1) x ( x  1) 140. (b)
  2 
 1  (log x ) 
dx . Put log x  t  dx  e t dt
1 1

 x
dx 
 x ( x  1)
dx
t 1 2t 
 Integral   e  1  t 2
  dt
(1  t 2 )2 
 2 x 1 / 2  2 tan 1 x  c  2( x  tan 1 x )  c.
sin x dx 1 2 sin x  e x
[ f ( x )  f ' ( x )] dx  e x f ( x )  c 
135. (b)
 sin x  cos x

2  sin x  cos x
dx
et x
1 (sin x  cos x  sin x  cos x )  c  c.

2  sin x  cos x
dx 1t 2
1  (log x ) 2
sin 2 x 2 sin x cos x
1  sin x  cos x  1
141. (d) I  1  cos 2
x
dx   1  cos 2 x
dx

2  1 
 sin x  cos x
 dx  [ x  log(sin x  cos x )]  c
 2 Put 1  cos x  t  2 sin x cos x dx  dt
2

.  sin 2 x  dt . Hence

1x
136. (c) I 
1 x
1 x
dx   1 x2
dx
I 
  dt 
    log t  c
 t 
dx x
  1x 2
  1x 2
dx   log(1  cos 2 x )  c .
142. (b)
 sin 1
x 1x 2
c . 1  cos 4 x 2 cos 2 2 x
x x  cot x  tan x
dx  
cos 2 x  sin 2 x
. sin x cos x dx
137. (d)  4  x4
dx   2 2  (x 2 )2
dx
1
Putting x 2  t  2 x dx  dt , we get the required
  cos 2 x sin 2 x dx   cos 4 x  c , 
8
k  1 / 8 .
1 x2
integral  sin 1 . 4
x dx ( x 4  1)dx

2 2 143. (a) 
sin x x  x 5
x  x5
138. (c) I 
 3  4 cos dx
dx

2
x 
Put cos x  t   sin x dx  dt x  x5
1
dt  
dt
( x 4  1)dx dx
I  3  4t    
2
4  
3
2
  4
2 t

 2 
 x (1  x ) x ( x 4  1)
 dx dx
I
1
. tan 1
t
c 
1
tan 1
2t
c
  x
 
x  x5
3  3 2 3 3
4.    log x  f ( x )  c 2  c1  log x  f ( x )  c
2  2 
  Where c1  c 2  c  a new constant.
 48 Indefinite Integral
x 2 dx 1 sin( x  a)
144. (b)
f (x )   (1  x 2 
) 1  1  x 2 


sin(a  b )
log
sin( x  b )
c.
 
sin   cos 
Let x  tan  , dx  sec 2  d   (1  x 2 ).d  147. (c) Let I   2 sin  cos 
d

x 2 dx tan 2
 sec 2 d  sin   cos 
f (x )   (1  x 2 
) 1  1  x 2 
  sec 2
 (1  sec  ) I  d



1  (1  2 sin  cos  )

(sin   cos  )d 
tan 2  d  sin 2  d  1  cos 2  d 
 
   1  (sin   cos 2   2 sin  cos  )
2
   
1  sec  cos  (1  cos  ) cos  (1  cos  )
sin   cos 
(1  cos  )d .   d
  cos 
  sec d    d 1  (sin   cos  )2
Let (sin   cos  )  t 
 log( x  1  x 2 )  tan 1 x  c
(cos   sin  )d   dt
f (0 )  log(0  1  0  tan 1 (0 )  c

0  log 1  0  c  c  0
dt
I  1t 2
 sin 1 (t)  c  sin 1 (sin   cos  )  c .

f (1)  log(1  1  1 2 )  tan 1 (1)  log(1  2) 
4 3  11 
. 148. (c) m n      2 (–ve integer)
7  7 
145. (a) A   e x  1 dx

e x  1  t2
Let  e x dx  2 t dt . Hence I   cos
3 / 7
 
x sin (2  3 / 7 ) x dx   cos
3 / 7
x sin 2 x sin 3

2t cos ec 2 x cos ec 2 x dx
dx  2 dt
t 1    cos 3 /7
x 
dx   cot 3 / 7 x

2t 2t 2  sin 3 / 7 x 
 A 
 t 2
t 1
dt   t2  1
dt  
Put cot x  t   cos ec 2 xdx  dt
2
2(t  1)  2 2 dt
  t2  1
dt   2dt   t 2
1 dt t
3
 1
7
7 4 /7
I t 3 /7


3
1
c  
4
t c

 2 t  2 tan 1 t  c  2 e x  1  2 tan 1 ex 1  c 7
.
7 7
dx  cot 4 / 7 x  c   tan  4 / 7 x  c .
146. (a) Let  sin( x  a) sin( x  b )
4 4

1 sin( x  b )  ( x  a)

sin(a  b )  sin(x  a) sin(x  b) dx
1 sin( x  b ) cos( x  a)  cos( x  b ) sin( x  a)

sin(a  b )  sin( x  a) sin( x  b)
dx


1
sin(a  b )
 cot( x  a)dx   cot( x  b)dx 
1
  log sin( x  a)  log sin( x  b)  c
sin(a  b )