DECREASES TURBIDITY LEVELS BY USING WATER HYACINTH

ACTIVATED CHARCOAL FOR LEBAK SWAMP WATER IN

PEKAUMAN VILLAGE, EAST MARTAPURA SUBDISTRICT

Rif’at Hadi1, Nopi Stiyati Prihatini2, Muhammad Firmansyah3

Program Studi Teknik Lingkungan, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat,

Banjarbaru, Kalimantan Selatan, Indonesia
E-mail: rifathadi04@gmail.com

Abstract

The Swamp for the literacy study this time is the swamp lebak area in the sensitive village of
Martapura sub-district. This swamp is a third class classification swamp. Lebak swamp is a land area
that has a pool of almost a year for at least three months with a height of at least 50 cm. Turbidity is a
measure that uses the effect of light as a basis for measurering the state of raw water with a scale of NTU
(Nephelometrix Turbidity Unit). The results of a swampy swamp survey conducted in the sensitive area of
East Martapura resulted in a turbidity value of 38,2 NTU. Indicates that the turbidity value must be
lowered to conform to the third grade water quality standard namely 25 NTU. The method used is to use
water hyacinth active charcoal to reduce turbidity levels.

Keywords : swamp lebak, water hyacinth charcoal, and turbidity

Abstrak

Rawa lebak untuk studi literasi kali ini yaitu rawa lebak dearah desa Pekauman Kecamatan
Martapura Timur. Rawa ini termasuk rawa klasifikasi kelas tiga. Rawa lebak adalah wilayah dataran yang
mempunyai genangan hampir sepanjang tahun minimal selama tiga bulan dengan tinggi genangan
minimal 50 cm. Kekeruhan adalah ukuran yang menggunakan efek cahaya tinggi sebagai dasar untuk
mengukur keadaan air dapat ditimbulkan oleh adanya bahan-bahan anorganik dan organik yang
terkandung dalam air seperti lumpur dan bahan yang dihasilkan oleh buangan industri. Hasil survey rawa
lebak yang dilakukan di daerah Pekauman Martapura Timur menghasilkan nilai kekeruhan 38,2 NTU.
Menunjukkan bahwa nilai kekeruhan harus diturunkan agar sesuai dengan standar baku mutu air kelas
tiga yaitu 25 NTU. Metode yang dilakukan yaitu dengan menggunakan arang aktif eceng gondok untuk
menurunkan kadar kekeruhan.

Kata kunci : lahan rawa, air, kualitas, baku mutu dan parameter
I. INTRODUCTION

Swamp land is land that is all year round, or for a long time in a year, always saturated
with water or shallow water. Understanding in managing swamps is very important. It is better to
maintain the ecological function of the area in its use for life needs such as settlements,
agriculture, fisheries and others. Prudent management by conducting spatial planning, and strict
supervision from the government can determine which swamp areas can be managed and which
ecological functions must be maintained. Swamp is a container of water along with water and
water power contained therein, inundated continuously or seasonally, formed naturally in
relatively flat or concave land with mineral or peat deposits, and overgrown with vegetation,
which is an ecosystem (Government Regulation Number 73 of 2013 concerning Swamp).
Turbidity is basically caused by the presence of colloids, organic matter, microorganisms,
mud, clay and floating objects that do not settle immediately. Turbid water is difficult to
disinfect, because microbes are protected by these suspended substances. This is certainly
dangerous for health, if microbes are pathogens (Sutrisno & Suciatuti, 1991). The degree of
turbidity of the water can be determined through laboratory testing using the Turbidimeter
method. The recommended grade 3 turbidity according to RI Minister of Health Regulation No.
32 of 2017. Able to absorb pollutants such as Cu and Zn metals and accumulate metals in root,
stem and leaf organs (Syahputra, 2005). Water hyacinth has smooth branches that function as a
tool to absorb metal compounds, so that the toxicity of dissolved metals decreases. The active
chemicals in water hyacinth are saponins, flavonoids and polyphenols. From the research it is
known that water hyacinth contains 17.1 percent protein and 3.6 percent fat and contains
cellulose which reaches 18.2 percent of the total dry weight. Cellulose is an organic compound
found in cell walls along with lignin, whose role is to strengthen the structure of plants. The
structure of cellulose consists of long chains of glucose units which are bound by 1.4 glucoside
bonds. In terms of its structure, cellulose has a large enough potential to be used as a absorbing
medium because it is rich in the -OH group that can interact with the adsorbate component
(Fatmasari, 2008). This literature study was conducted aiming to determine the ability to use
activated charcoal from water hyacinth roots to reduce turbidity levels.
 II. RESEARCH METHODS

ALAT YANG DIGUNAKAN

The tools used are a set of glass tools (Pirex), analytical balance (Ohaus), electric
ovens, 120 mesh sieves, crushers (mortars and mortars), porcelain cups, desiccators,
furnaces (Barnstead Thermolyne 1400), magneticstirrers (IKAMAG), burettes, a set of
reflux apparatus, turbidimeter. The material used in the quality of proanalysist grade in this
research is the sample of Karangayu village well water, water hyacinth root plants, aquades
/ aquademin, phosphoric acid, mercury sulfate, silver sulfate, potassium dichromate, ferro
ammonium sulfate, manganese sulfate, sulfuric acid, alkali ionide azide ,sodium
thiosulfate, sodium hydroxide are all made in MERKK, indicators of ferroin and starch.

LANGKAH KERJA
The research was begun with phosphoric acid and then heated for 4 hours at 4000C
then applied to dug well water with a soaking time of 1.3 and 5 hours. After it is filtered,
the filtered filtrate is analyzed for its COD and BOD turbidity. The function of adding
phosphoric acid is to remove impurities present in the activated charcoal and enlarge the
surface area of the pore activated charcoal. For turbidity analysis, the tool to be used is
calibrated first by entering the calibration first with the 800 NTU standard, then pressing
the call wait until it shows the 800 NTU value, then press read, wait until the tool is exactly
20 NTU. Repeat again by entering the standard 20 NTU press read, wait until the number
shows the number 2 NTU. Re-enter the NTU standard 2 then press read and then put into
the turbidimeter then press read to find out the turbidity value.

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Water hyacinth plant is a material that can be developed as an adsorbent. The adsorbent is
very useful in controlling water pollution. At first the raw material in the form of the water
hyacinth root is cleaned and dried. Then it is soaked in phosphoric acid for 9 hours which is then
drained to dry. Phosphoric acid functions as an activator to optimize pore formation and damage
the cellulose structure present in the water hyacinth root. The results obtained from the
manufacture of activated charcoal from raw water hyacinth root ingredients are black, odorless
and tasteless. The results of the calculation of the reduction in turbidity levels after experiencing
 water hyacinth charcoal treatment to reach equilibrium shows that activated water hyacinth
activated charcoal can reduce turbidity by 78.17%.

IV. CONCLUSION
Based on the results of research and discussion that has been described, it can be concluded
that the water hyacinth charcoal activated by phosphoric acid is able to absorb more turbidity
compared to non-activated water hyacinth charcoal. Besides adsorbent absorption of pollutants
more and more with increasing contact time of the sample of water hyacinth charcoal. So that the
calculation of the reduction in turbidity levels after experiencing water hyacinth charcoal
treatment to reach equilibrium shows that activated water hyacinth activated charcoal can reduce
turbidity by 78.17%.