1. Animal cells have mitochondria; plant cells have chloroplast?

Yes, both animal and plant cells have mitochondria, but only plant cells have chloroplasts. Plants
don’t get their sugar from eating food, so they need to make sugar from sunlight. This process
(photosynthesis) takes place in the chloroplast. Once the sugar is made, it is then broken down
by the mitochondria to make energy for the cell. Because animals get sugar from the food they
eat, they do not need chloroplasts: just mitochondria.
For animal cell:
Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell. They are organelles that act like a
digestive system which takes in nutrients, breaks them down, and creates energy rich molecules
for the cell. The biochemical processes of the cell are known as cellular respiration. Many of the
reactions involved in cellular respiration happen in the mitochondria. Mitochondria are the
working organelles that keep the cell full of energy. Mitochondria are small organelles floating
free throughout the cell. Some cells have several thousand mitochondria while others have
none. Muscle cells need a lot of energy so they have loads of mitochondria. Neurons (cells that
transmit nerve impulses) don’t need as many. If a cell feels it is not getting enough energy to
survive, more mitochondria can be created. Sometimes a mitochondria can grow larger or
combine with other mitochondria. It all depends on the needs of the cell.
For plant cell:
Chloroplasts are surrounded by two membranes. The outer membrane is permeable to small
organic molecules, whereas the inner membrane is less permeable and studded with transport
proteins. The innermost matrix of chloroplasts, called the stroma, contains metabolic enzymes
and multiple copies of the chloroplast genome. Chloroplasts also have a third internal
membrane called the thylakoid membrane, which is extensively folded and appears as stacks of
flattened disks in electron micrographs. The thylakoids contain the light-harvesting complex,
including pigments such as chlorophyll, as well as the electron transport chains used in
photosynthesis.