Determination of Density, Yield of Concrete as per IS 1199

Aim:
Apparatus:
1. Balance
2. Tamping rod 38 cm long
3. Cylindrical measure – Inner Dia – 250 mm, Outer Dia – 280 mm and Capacity- 0.01 Cum

Test Procedure:
1. The Cylindrical measure jar is filled with freshly mixed concrete and compacted using
tamping rod. The layers of 50 mm is placed and compacted with not less than 60 strokes
till the measure fills up.

2. Compaction us either done by tamping rod or by the means off an electric or pneumatic
hammer or by means of a suitable vibrating table until the specified condition is attained.

3. The exterior surface of the cylinder shall be tapped smartly 10 to 15 times or until no large
bubbles of air appear on the surface of the compacted layer.

4. After consolidation of the concrete, the top surface shall be struck-off and finished
smoothly with a flat cover plate using great care to leave the measure just level full.

5. All excess concrete shah then be cleaned from the exterior.

6. The filled measure jar is weighed (W).

Fig 1: Cylindrical Measuring jar for determination of bulk density of concrete.

Calculation
1. Density of Concrete (W1) is the weight per cubic meter of concrete shall be calculated by
dividing the weight of fully compacted concrete in the cylindrical measure by the capacity of
measure in kg/cu. m.
W1= W/0.01
2. Yield of Concrete (V2) is the volume of concrete produced per cum

Where,

Wc= Weight of cement in kg

Wf= Weight of fine aggregate in kg
Wca= Weight of coarse aggregate in kg
Ww= Weight of water in kg
Va= Total absolute Volume of the component ingredients in the batch, in m3.

Three Methods Adopted to determine Density of Concrete and on the basis of

that it is easy to compute the yield of concrete
Method 1. The easiest way to measure the density of fresh Concrete is through Weighmen of
Concrete in case it is being loaded in Transit Mixer.

Method 2. By performing laboratory/Field method by Density Container

Method 3, In case of Concrete production from Batching plant, by the summation of weight of
all the aggregate, the fresh Concrete Density can be measured.

.This process is known as Yield Test of Concrete.

But the Yield is reported in a factor, ratio between Density in laboratory bucket and Batched
Density
 Method 1.
The easiest way to measure the density of fresh Concrete is through Weighmen of
Concrete in case it is being loaded in Transit Mixer

Photograph: Density Calculation from Concrete Batch Sheet

Procedure: All the quantities of materials mentioned batch wise.

A simple sum and division calculated the density of fresh Concrete.

 Method 2.
By performing laboratory/Field method by Density Container

It is the most technical way to determine the fresh density of Concrete as per standard.

Procedure of Testing follows:

The volume of Density contaner is as per Table no-III of IS:1199-1959

1. Calibration of Density Container:-

The measure shall be calibrated by determining the weight of water at room temperature required
to fill it so that no meniscus is present above the rim. Accurate filling of the measure may be
secured by the use of a glass cover plate. The capacity of the measure in cubic meters shall then
be obtained by dividing the weight of water (in grams ) required to fill the measure by the unit
weight of water, 1000 g/l.

2. Sampling - The sample of fresh mixed concrete shall be obtained in accordance with the method
specified in Clause 3 of IS:1199-1959 except when small batches are made under laboratory
conditions.

3. Compacting (By Hand):- When compacting by hand the standard tamping bar (IS:516,
Clause 2.9.3) shall be distributed in a uniform manner over the cross section of the measure. The
number of strokes per layer required to produce the specified condition will vary according to the
type of concrete, but in no case shall the concrete be subjected to less than 60 strokes per layer for
the 0.01 cum measure or 120 strokes per layer for the 0.02 cum measure.

After consolidation of the concrete, the top surface shall be struck-off and and finished smoothly
with a flat cover plate using great care to leave the measure just level full. All excess concrete shah
then be cleaned from the exterior and the filled measure weighed.

Notes:- 1.Empty Weight Of Cylinder, 2. Weight of Cylinder filled with Water,3. Weight of Cylinder
filled with Compacted Concrete.
 Test Observation Sheet
Determination of fresh Wet Concrete Density and Yield of Concrete (IS 1199:1959)

Grade of Concrete: Date of Test:

RMC Provider Name:
Mix Code: Weight of Empty Density
Kg
Sampling Location: Container: (W)
Concrete Slump: mm

Test Instrument

1 Weigh Balance Details

Capacity: kg Accuracy:

2 Density Container 60 Nos. of Tamping required for 10 Liters of container

Capacity: Lit 90 Nos. of Tamping required for 15 Liters of container
120 Nos. of Tamping required for 20 Liters of container

3 Tamping Rod

Test Details (Observations)

1. Calibration of density Container

1 Total Weight of Water + Container (A) → Kg

2 Weight of Water (B) = (A-W) → Kg
3 Volume of Density Container = (B/1000) → Cu. Mt.

2. Fresh Wet Density Test

Sr. No. Perticulars Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Unit

1 Batch ID →
2 Weight of Concrete and Container (P) → Kg
3 Weight of Concrete (Q) = P-W → Kg
4 Density of Concrete (ϒ) = (Q/V) → Kg/m3

3. Concrete Yield Test

Sr. No. Perticulars Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Unit
Unit weight of Concrete in Batch Sheet (Actual Batched)
→
1 : ϒ1
2 Yield of Concrete = ( ϒ1/ϒ) → ………
Average Yield

Result: Average Yield of Concrete for selected batch is…………………………………...

 Method 3
Weighment of Concrete Vehicle:- In this case, the Empty Weight and Weight of Concrete
+ Transit Mixer is taken in weighbridge. Diffrent shows the weight of batched concrete and density
of concrete determined by deviding the weight by its Volume batched.

A weighment report with the calculation attached below

Conclusion:
In Yield Test of concrete, the three of the tests are carried out simultaneously and the
density determined. Yield of concrete is described as the ratio of Actual density of concrete (in
Density Container) to the density as per Batch Sheet.

Control shall be such that the average yield of any six consecutive yield
test shall not be less than 1.00 and no result shall fall below 0.98
 Test Observation Sheet
Determination of fresh Wet Concrete Density and Yield of Concrete (IS 1199:1959)

Grade of Concrete: M 30 Date of Test: 10/02/2020

RMC Provider Name: XYZ
Mix Code: 123456 Weight of Empty Density
9.86 Kg
Sampling Location: On Site Container: (W)
Concrete Slump: 145 mm

Test Instrument

1 Weigh Balance Details

Capacity: 60 kg Accuracy: 10 gm

2 Density Container 60 Nos. of Tamping required for 10 Liters of container

Capacity: 10 Lit 90 Nos. of Tamping required for 15 Liters of container
120 Nos. of Tamping required for 20 Liters of container

3 Tamping Rod

Test Details (Observations)

1. Calibration of density Container

1 Total Weight of Water + Container (A) → 24.84 Kg

2 Weight of Water (B) = (A-W) → 14.98 Kg
3 Volume of Density Container = (B/1000) → 0.01498 Cu. Mt.

2. Fresh Wet Density Test

Sr. No. Perticulars Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Unit

1 Batch ID → ABC
2 Weight of Concrete and Container (P) → 47.45 Kg
3 Weight of Concrete (Q) = P-W → 37.59 Kg
4 Density of Concrete (ϒ) = (Q/V) → 2509 Kg/m3

3. Concrete Yield Test

Sr. No. Perticulars Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Unit
Unit weight of Concrete in Batch Sheet (Actual Batched) :
→
1 ϒ1 2512
2 Yield of Concrete = ( ϒ1/ϒ) → 1.001 ………
Average Yield

Result: Average Yield of Concrete for selected batch is…………………………………...