Essential English

English
Stylistic Transformation

Saya Sithu Htet

Active and Passive

Essential English
 Introduction

 Subject က ျပဳလုပ္တာကို ျပရင္ Active Voice

 Subject က ျပဳလုပ္ခရ
ံ တာကို ျပရင္ Passive Voice

 ဝါက်တိင
ု ္းကို Passive Voice ေျပာင္းစရာ မလို။

 John slept well.

ဂြ်န္က ေကာင္းေကာင္းအိပေ
္ ပ်ာ္တယ္။

 John lives far away.

ဂြ်န္က အေဝးမွာေနတယ္။
Essential English
 Introduction

• ဒီအေျခအေနေတြမွာ Passive Voice ကို သုံးေလ့ရ။ွိ

 Subject က ဘယ္သူလဲဆိုတာ မသိတဲ့အခါ၊ ဒါမွမဟုတ္

Subject က ဘယ္သဆ
ူ ိုတာ အေရးမၾကီးတဲ့အခါ

 လုပ္ေလ့ရွိတာ ဒီလူပဲမို႔ နားေထာင္သူ၊ ဖတ္တဲ့သူအဖို႔

ဘယ္သူဘယ္ဝါဆိုတာ သိသာထင္ရွားေနတဲ့အခါ

 ျပဳလုပ္သူထက္ ျပဳလုပ္ခရ
ံ သူကို ပိုျပီး အေလးေပးခ်င္တဲ့အခါ

Essential English
Active မွ Passive ေျပာင္းလဲပုံ

(Active) Sub V Obj

(Passive) Obj be+V3 by+Sub

အထူးျပဳတဲ့ ပုဒ္ေတြ ကပ္ထားေပး။

Essential English
Verb ေျပာင္းလဲပုံ

Active Passive

1. V1 am, is, are + V3

2. V2 was, were + V3

3. am, is, are + V-ing am, is, are + being + V3

4. was, were + V-ing was, were + being + V3

5. has, have + V3 has, have + been + V3

6. had + V3 had + been + V3

7. will/ shall + V1 will/shall + be + V3

8. am, is, are + going to + V1 am, is, are + going to be + V3

Essential English
 Subject Pronoun (I, we, you, they, he, she, it) /
မတိက်ေသာ Subject (people, someone, anyone)
ျဖစ္လွ်င္ by ထည့္ရန္မလုိ။
 အမူအရာျပ Adverb (happily, merrily, etc.) ကို Passive
တြင္ V3 ေရွ႕ထား။
Object ႏွစ္ခုပါ ဝါက်မ်ား
 လူ Obj ေရွ႕ပို႔လွ်င္ V3 နဲ႔ က်န္ Obj ၾကား ဘာမွ မထည့္ရ

 အျခား Obj ေရွ႕ပို႔လွ်င္ V3 နဲ႔ က်န္ Obj ၾကား “to”

သို႔မဟုတ္ “for” ထည့္။

Essential English
Negative
do, does + not + V1 am, is, are + not + V3
did + not + V1 was, were + not + V3
 Sub က No one, Nobody ျဖစ္ရင္ Passive မွာ not ထည့္။

 anything, ever ပါရင္ nothing, never ေျပာင္း။ (not မထည့္ရ)

Essential English
Question
(1) Yes/No-question
Do, Does am, is, are
Did was, were
 am, is, are, was, were ရဲ႕ေနာက္မွာ Active ဝါက်ရဲ႕ Obj ေရး
 V ကို V3 ေျပာင္း
 Sub ကို by နဲ႔ တြဲ
(2) Wh-question
 Wh-word Wh-word
 Wh-word ေနာက္မွာ Yes/No-question ပုံစံေျဖ
 Who By whom
 Whom Who
Essential English
Exercise
1. Daw Lay looks after us when our parents are away.
are looked after by Daw Lay when our parents are away.
We ………………….……………………………………………………………
2. All the schools in Myanmar hold the School Family Day in
December every year.
is held by all the schools in Myanmar
The School Family Day ………………………………………………….
in December every year.
3. Aunty Chaw gives us lots of presents every week.
are given lots of presents by Aunty Chaw every week.
We ………………..……………………………………………………………..
4. His uncle gives him pocket money every week.
is given pocket money by his uncle every week.
He …………..……………………………………………………………………
5. A nurse takes care of the sick persons.
are taken care of by a nurse.
The sick persons ………..………………………………………………….
Essential English
6. The girl arranged the flowers in the vase beautifully.
were beautifully arranged in the vase by the
The flowers ………………………………………………………………….
nurse.
7. The bees stung the workman to death.
was stung to death by the bees.
The workman ………………………………….…………………………….
8. When people invented glass, the hourglass came into use.
was invented, the hourglass came into use.
When glass ……………………………………………..…………………….
9. Annie Sullivan gave Helen the key to language.
was given the key to language by Annie Sullivan.
Helen ……………………………………………..…………………………….
10. The Tun foundation presented our school with a generous
donation.
was presented with a generous donation by the
Our school …………………………..………………………………………..
Tun foundation.
Essential English
11. We are using up our natural resources fast.
natural resources are being used up fast.
Our ……………………….……………………………………………………..
12. The custom officers are searching the baggage for any
smuggled goods.
is being searched by the custom officers for
The baggage ………………………………………………………………..
any smuggled goods.
13. The workers are mending the roof of the house.
of the house is being mended by the workers.
The roof ………………………………….…………………………………...
14. He was driving the car recklessly when the accident
happened.
was being recklessly driven when the accident
The car ………………………………….………………………………….....
happened.
15. They are feeding the chickens when we came.
are being fed when we came.
The chickens ………………………………….…………………………...

Essential English
16. The plumber has repaired all the pipes in the kitchen.
in the kitchen have been repaired by the
All the pipes ………………………………………….………………………
plumber.
17. They have reserved these seats for special guests.
have been reserved for special guests.
These seats …………………..………………………………………………
18. She had locked the door when she went out.
had been locked when she went out.
The door …………….………………………………………………………..
19. You should wash the bathroom every day.
should be washed every day.
The bathroom ………………………….……………………………………
20. We must show our courtesy to our elders.
must be shown to our elders.
Our courtesy ……………………………….………………………………..

Essential English
21. The scholarship will be awarded to the most outstanding
students.
students will be awarded the
The most outstanding …………..………………………………………..
scholarship.
22. My uncle is going to buy a house with a large compound.
is going to be bought by
A house with a large compound ………………………………………
my uncle.
23. They did not inform me about it.
was not informed about it.
I ……………………..……………………………………………………………
24. You must not hammer nails into the walls without
permission.
must not be hammered into the walls without
Nails …………………………..…………………………………………………
permission.
25. Nobody saw the boy stealing the money.
was not seen stealing the money.
The boy ………………………………………………………………………..
Essential English
26. Doctors have not found out the cause of the illness yet.
has not been found out yet by
The cause of the illness ……………………………….…………………
doctors.
27. We cannot see bacteria without a microscope.
cannot be seen without a microscope.
Bacteria ……………………………….……………………………………….
28. Did someone use my computer in my absence?
my computer used in my absence
Was ……………………………..…………………………….……………….?
29. Do all the boys in your class play football?
football played by all the boys in your class
Is ………………………………….………………………….……….……….?
30. Could he send all his children abroad?
children by sent abroad
Could all his ………………………..……………………………….………?

Essential English
31. Why have they moved my table?
has my table been moved
Why ……………………………….………………………………..…………?
32. Who told Thuzar about the accident?
was Thuzar told about the accident
By whom ……………………….…………………………….….………….?
33. Why did you scold and beat your children last night?
your children scolded and beaten last night
Why were ……………………………….………………………….……….?
34. Who invented the airplane?
was airplane invented
By whom ………………………….…………………………………….…..?
35. Who will take care of the baby?
will the baby be taken care of
By whom ……………………………………….………………….………..?

Essential English