fh Woks | Ving Gaia, tl, Si a Tatal Kaa f Pies a Wea Beg‘of Queretaro (May 15, 1967 and executed Emperor Marimiian nine 19, 1857 (Ries shiny aniversary), Ths fled out Emperor Napoeoa I's umbiton to clonize Lain Ameren. In Rizal's times two European nations (lalians and Get- san) siceeded in uniyng their own eowntes The Taka Snder the leadership of Count Cavour and of Carbal ad ‘Army of Red Shir drove out the Attias and Pench armies trom Hay and procaimcd the Kingdom ot aly under King Vitor Emmanuel, with Rome a aptly” The Pras led ‘by Ono von Bamarck, the "ion Chancel”, detested France it the FrancPrian War andextabahed the German Empire Janay 1,181, with King Wile of Pri afr Kone ts Geum Wi i een be Fans Pan ar, Emperor Napolon IV's Second French " ‘nd over rin the Third French Repub arose, wih Asaph There a rn Present ‘The times of Rizal saw the lowering of Wester imperialism England emerged as the world's leading imperialist power. On Account of her invincible navy and magnificent army, she was fable to conquer many counties throughout the world: and to ‘establish a global colonial empure. Thus the British people during the plonious reign of Queen Victoria. (1837-1901) proudly asserted: “Britannia rules the waves.” By winning the Ftst (pv War (1840-1842) against the tottering Chinese Empire tnder the Manchu dynasty, she acquired the island of Hon Kong (Fragraat Harbor). Inthe Second Opiuin War (18561860) she wou again and forced the helpless Manchu dynasty to cede the Kowloon Peninsula opposite Hong Kong. In 1859, ater suppressing the Indian. Rebelion and domanding the Mogul Empire, she imposed her raj (rule) over the subcontinent of Toda (now consisting of India, Pakistan, and Bangledess). By winning the Three Anglo-Burmese Wars (1824-26, 1852. and 1885), she conquered Burma, Other lands in Asia which became Brissh colonies were Ceylon (Sti Lanks), Maldives, Aden, Malaya, Singapore, and Egypt, Australis and New Zealand ia the South Pacific alo became British colonies. Other impe-talsts, folowing Britain's example, grabbed the weak countries Southeast Asta and colonized them, In 1858 N03, France, vith the help of Filipino tops wader Spanish colficers.? conquered Vietnam: annexed Cambodia (1863) and ‘Laos (1893); and. merged all these countries into a federated ‘colony under the name of French Indochina, The Dutch, after chia pcm, he poured out the ery of his agoniing het, a Follows: THEY ASK ME FOR VERSES. ‘You tbs i wc ‘That mote and torn wo hing ‘And yet can wake the strain, Nov wil the Mose one note inp! Coty it shaken accents de ‘Asi ey soul ell 10 wring, ‘And son sound sce But 0 fing Aes at 48 o6n tw lame, Solin sa lation pent My al cam eter fel noe sng There wit atime = th, "te foo tre — Bar that tine lng ago hs pat ‘When upon me the Mise hi a Indutgem snile ana fendohips de But ot that age How alto fee ‘The thought with me yet nl ay [Aviram the hour flee play There inger on syseious ots ‘And in oor ind the memory Roas Gtnintrhy sed no py A plan am, that rely grown {stom ir ott Eater fe ‘het oll aren peifere ted [Andi hat m3 ren Row ‘Te and nt ean ey oe iy mw forgoten nce to he ‘Where tag i fi song taught me, 6s‘And cascades with thei ceaseless four, ‘And all ong the spreading shore ‘he murmurs ofthe sounding ses ie ei ids happy dy, ‘And in my breast there seems the while Seething voleame esto play, ‘A tard I wat, my wich alway ‘To cal upon the eeting sind forth, and spread around Wt Game, From zone fo zone with pia acim, And carth to heaven tether Bind" Bat it elt, aad now 90 more Like a tee that broken and ere— ‘My natal gods bring the echo clear (OF songs that i past tes they Boe: Wide seas tered to foreign shore Wan bope of change afd other fate My folly as made cleat too late For inthe pce of good I sught ‘The seat reveal unto ugh, But mace death's specie on me wai, ‘te otc ha mie, ‘Were teat the Samy sis Which eta ower regen Sng Sorpeen no move tha eso he For songs of ve trom ut 3 hea That ely sng sper ‘Soce now wih cred salt haste Unreting er tne desert wate An les gone a te at Riral as Laver of Books. A favorite pastime of Rizal in Madrid was reading Instead of gambling and frting wath women 8 many young Filipinos did inthe Spanish metropolis he stayed Er home tnd fend worn el ng ‘Sc rary ‘hood, he liked to read x % ae Riral economia! on ining expenses, and withthe mone be saved, he purchased books tom a secon hand Doo wore eed yeti Ser Roses He was ale o bul a eaed Private vary Hin collection of hooks indoged. Te Bi Hebrew Grammar, Lives of the Presiden of the Unied States from: Washington to Johnson, Compete Works of Volare (9 volumes), Complete Works of Horace (3 volumes), Complete Works of C. Bernard (16 volumes) History ofthe French Revol tion, The Wandering Jew, Ancient Poetry, Works of Thucydides, The Byzantine Empire, ‘The Characters by La Bruyere, The Renaissance, Uncle Tom's Cabin by Hartet Beecher Sto Works of Alexander Dumas, Louis XIV and His Court, and rumerous Sooks on medicine, philosophy, languages, history ‘geog-aphy ts, and sciences. Rizal was deeply affected by Beecher Siowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin and Eugene Sue's The Wandering Jet. These two books aroused hissympathy forthe oppressed and unfortunate people Rza's First Vet to Parts (188). During his frst summer vacation in Madsid Rizal went to Pars, sojourning in this pay Capital of France from June 17 to August 20, 1858. At firs, he twas bileted at the Hotel de Pars on 37 Rue de Maubange; Tater, he moved 10 a cheaper hotel on 124 Rue de Rennes in the Latin Quarter, where it was cheaper to live Like all tourists, Rizal was charmingly ttllated by the attractive sights of Paris, such as the beautifl boulevards (par- ticularly the Champs Elyses), the Opera House, the Place de ls Concorde, the Arch of Triumph, the Bois de Boulogne (mag- nificent park), the Madelsine Charch, the Cathedral of Notre Dame, the Column of Vendome, the Invalides (containing the tomb of ‘Napoleon the Great), and the fabulous. Versailles Unlike ordinary turists, whose main interest in visiting foreign countries isto see the beautiful sights, 10 enjoy themselves in fight cubs and theatres, and to shop for sourveni items, Rizal lenproved his mind by observing closely the French way of life sand spending many hours atthe museums, aotably the workdlam- ‘ous Louvre; the botanical gardens, especially the Laxembourg, the Haris and art gallenes; and the hospitals, incloding the Lecnnece Hospital, where he observed Dr. Niaise eating his patients and the Laribosere Hospital, where he observed the ‘examination of diferent diseases of women ‘Om the lighter side of his vst in Paris, Rizal was mistaken by the Parisians a Japanese. The prices of food, drinks, theatre kets, laundry, hotel accommodations, and transportation were{2058 MIZAL: LS, moni AN WHITING, ‘oo high for his slender purse so that he commented in a leter ‘to his family: “Pars is the cosiest capital in Europe." Rizal as 4 Mason, In Spain Rizal came in close contact with ‘prominent Spanish liberal and republican Spaniards, who were ‘mostly Masons, including Miguel Morayt statesman, profesor, historian, and writer; Francisco Pi y Marga, journalist, sates: ‘th and former President ofthe short-lived Firs Spanish Repu lic; Manvel Becerra, Minister of Ulramar (Colonies): Emilio Junoy, journalist and member of the Spanish Cortes, and Juan Ruie Zonila, parliamentarian and head of the Republican Prog. ressive Party im Made, Rizal was impressed by the way the Spanish Masons openly and ffcely criticized the government policies and lambasted the friars, which could not be done inthe Philippines In due time, fn March 1886, he joined the Masonic lodge called Acacie Madrid. His reason for becoming @ mason was io secure Freemasonry's aid in is fight against the fnars in the Philippines. ‘Since the friars sed the Catholic religion as a shield to entrench themsclies in power and wealth and to persecute the Filpine Patriots, he intended to utilize Freemansonry as his shield to combat ‘them lr he transferred to Lodge Solidaridad (Madi), where he became a Master Mason on November 15, 1890. Stil ater, ‘on February 15, 1892, he was awarded the diploma as Manet Mason by Le Grand Orient de Prance in Pasig” ‘As a Mason, Rizal played a lukewarm role in Freemasonry, unlike MH del Pilar. G. Lopes Saena, and Mariano Ponce who were very active in Mason affis, His only Masonic writing wi a lecture titled “Science, Vir and Labor,” which he delt ‘veted i 1889 at Lodge Solidaridad, Madrid. A petinent portion of this lecture reads follows: ‘The duty of modern man, tomy way of thihing, is work forthe redemption of humamty, because ome man is dune there woul be lets wfortunate and mere happy ‘men that is ponuble in this ie, Humanity cannot be ‘edeemed 10 fog as there are opprewed peoples, so long 1 tere are some men ube live om the tears of any, so long as there are emasculated minds and Blinded eyes that enabled cers 10 te lke sultan who alone may eajoy ey nda 2) Sen, ny cnet rede we ro ct free feb tou wan pone oe on, il re lee, ond weer esa oho jure Shem For bumanty fo be shew atin he ty iy ‘Svar wich od ae seceary ta thn Siitcc weld oe dct eo oreey popes So decimate td no rea ad be hea in 1 mur, Wi cemry ft wpe exes ch 1 he tun fhe by ry and bey high fener eee aan Wore, Aer Riz departure for Spin, things tered rom tad to wore a alam, Te rvs ise tepucaes flo on saint of droght sc Soca On op of GF ccomonie daar, the munaet ofthe Domiican-ouned teed isn th rea fhe and at ye al fanly. "This bacenda manner, 2 fregurot gusts Fea eee oe fr fet ag sree (es hero's fates, who wat a god rar of uke. But there came atime when & dreadful pest killed most of the turkeys. When the manager requested for a tutkey, Don Franc had 1 deny hi Pais he nde he ew sig turkeys for breeding purposes. Enraged by hi fllre to recive ‘trkey the vindictive manager array icressed the reals ‘the lands leted by Don Francisco and Pociano. Due 1 hard times in Calambe, the monthly allowancce of a Maid wee ale ral an the we ier we they never aeived, causing much slfering to him. At one time ae was forced to sell his younger brother's pony in order to send money to Maid. ‘A touching incident in Rizal's life im Maid oscured on June 24, 1884, Became he was broke, he was unable to take Iweakfast that day. With an empty stomach, he attended is clas atthe university, partcpated in the comes in Greck Im tage and won the gold medal Inthe evening ofthe same day be was able to eat inner, for he wat a guest speaker in 4 anguet Held in Ronor of sr Lana and Felix Resurecson idaigo at Restaurant Inge, Madd Rizal's Salute to Luna and Hidalgo. The bangoet on the ‘evening of June 25, IR was sponsored by the Fiipiao commun-lity to celebrate the double victory of the Filipino artist inthe National Exposition of Fine Artin Marid — Lums’s Spoaee winning frst prize and Hidslgo's Christian Virgins Eeposed te ‘the Populace,sesond prize. was atended by prominen,Spavih fans, ‘newspapermen, and menofleters. statesmen ond Fripinos ‘Speaking in sonorous Casitian, Rizal held his audience spelibound. He saluted Luna and Hidalgo as the two glories of Spain and the Philippines, whose artstic achicvemente tos ended geographical frontiers and racial origins, for gemin sniveral — “genius kitows no. country,” seats Saproun, everywhere. genias & ike light, air, the patrinony of evermety ‘cosmopolitan like space, like life like God.” He ale oo with efined sarcasm the bigot and. blindness of nance §unworthy Spaniards (referring othe Bad firs inthe Phlinonea) ‘ho could not comprehend the universality of eon This magnificeat speech of Rizal was grected with wild ‘erations, for seldom did the Spaniards heat sock ap seat {rom the lips of a brown Fiipina which was simon pees nobility of thought, in Spanish shetonc, tm sinceiy oy feeling. fad in sonorous eloquence, Is (ull eat ius folloga. In speaking tere you, Ia not scared bythe fu that you may Tsien to me sith hewatmnens | en ‘ia your tam othe soya ony ‘annot hep bu be indulgent. Sympathetic elas sore the smopher: rmermal caren ren afd fecrous sous ich; and comequeny Ida not er ‘my humble petwn nor do I doubt your beacons Me sow, you sek only got, and fom We hee whete noble Sentiments reac. you‘do nt pee na tiles, ”you ee the whole and you judge thee a txtend your hand 10 one who tke met denies eso Im one single thought, inne single wsprution = ert of fei, the splendor ote Mashoroe, ler, in Icy the reiton why we ate phere In the history of nation there are names tat Signy 30 achievement that teal owen ae umes tat, ike map formal: evs pean we though, sams that became sp ml on Sood ofiove hetneen the nah Te nines of st 70 iaulgo belong to thee: thei glories lume the wo txtremes ofthe gabe — the Eas andthe West. Spin snd ‘he Philippines Te uterng ther T believe Tee to lami nous aches Gat starting from both repons, ae going To be fatwined there above, impelled by the feeling of common rig, and fom that height wie two peoples with ternal {wo people tha ea und space separate nn wo, ‘Peoples in ch the seeds of dmion that men and test body, eommopotitan ike space like fe ke God ‘The patriarchal ers in the Piippins & waning. The deeds of her illustrious sone are no longer wasted ay a ome. The octal ehyslis i leaing the cocoon The smortow of «Tong day for thse repions announced ie {ian Gite and rose clored downs, and that race, flo fmto lethargy during the stor night whe the sa mies ‘ther oatients, again awakens, moved by The cl impact that contact with Western peopes produces nd she demands ight, fe, the ciation that atone ine they ieqocath her thas confiming the erally of ents ‘evalton, of change, of pert, of progres ‘You know this well and you ext nit. To you is de the benuty ofthe diamonds tha the Pilippes csr iy sown: She produced the precious tones; Larope pave nem polsh. And al of ws contemplate prouly your work we fe the Mame, the breath the mate ured They imbibed over there the poetry of ature — a ature grandiose and terse scala, in sev ‘om, nits dymam 3 atre, see, ermal, snd nan fly ins manifestation conta, stati a nature that ‘amps is sealon alla t tates and produce. ts chlren arty it wherever they go. Analyze if not the chatter thet works ed however igh you may aor tht pose you will sci in everyting as forming their Knowles. 2 {he sol that presses over everthing at the sprng othe ‘mechanism, a the sobstantal form, asthe raw att {ne pomible not to refet on what onc sl fel ot posable o be one thing and do something ese) The‘ontadctons are only apparent, they are only paradoxes EL Spar, tough tat cnr that wet an be head the trl of the mule, the ening the swe: the mealc creaking ot the srmor ofthe trea the sobs ofthe Beteaved the murmar of payer, wt ach Vitor an ream, av one ears the in ende he tt ofthe cnt of the eaaracs or the hngresine and ‘eaatl temor ofthe ear The anc mare ha epee ck primes ine ‘encs alo in he suokes: On the xk asl te Hains trclancoly, beauty, aad weakness, vite of fete fore the majestic harmony of its mountains and ranges or that remon a Lana ae the shadows, the cotrans, the monbund gh mater. and the cre The he ‘evebeiton ofthe dark tempest the tp, the light ‘ing the rowing eruptions of thew case. Fos tet tenor cg ipa ke the Phtipinsin hr moon mgs on er to ‘ssh er orto hatte eta sad oes the ire lh. And Both despite being ate to mses. appearence on, alou heart do im pte of ota eiferenecs In eee ther palette the spenders faye of wnfodg gly ‘with which they surround thir Nave Land hoth prey ‘he spt of or soir nd pia ie. maid ssbjected to hash ten; wnvedored maninds case ‘eptation oan open sage with prnccpatons, fen Blumentrit proved to bea get tourist guide a well sa homiuble hose. He showed the sen and stra apts of stent 16 his vitor One afternoon he nied the to beet garden whee the best her of bona nes ete At 2 we es Yr fron Mi Vi 1807 tively discussion among the diners about vay of avig the sion pos through a nebo One ofthe ment the group was the burgmaster ((O¥R ha Bete th ures Tpprched the party and deity ntoduced his two pr ends, Ril ake in cnt German for which eason urgomaster and his fends were amazed ‘The baron Thal how lon it took hi to learn German, And Rizal “Eleven month, wr", "The burgomaster was futher Timsred, and in great admiration, he Tauded the “privileged Intent” of Rizal. Bumeotit embraced Rial, tling him that few Germans could speak wel hirown language es Kea coud ‘On another afternoon Rial and Viola wore invited 9 mecing of te Tours Chi of Letmerit, of wich Blumen frost secretary. Rial spoke extemporancouly i ent Get Than othe offers and movers pramng Austin's iscenes fats hota, rare oving, and noble pele Te aence Ary applauded him, for they wre cachanted by his eloquence nd fucty in German Riba, desing to commemorate his happy hours atthe Blumenira homes painted» port of the kind profewo and ve ito him, Blomenrit m pleased with theft Ie was during his visit to Leiter when Real met ashes scooned seni of Eup, Dr Caos Cpe. lune Trourh hin to Coepela's home, and Rizal had ice comer: on with ths Posh scholar, Blmentit sa inodueed Ri to Profesor Rober Kiuschak, an eminent natal (On thet at night in Leitmeri, Riza and Vina. o rei rocate Blumentit’s hop, tendered thang! a arene Sinner —in hs honor a thet hotel On May 16, a 985 A.M., Rizal and Violet senna by win, Blomentit, bi wife, and cilren were st he slo Staton tose tom of and they al abe ers oping the train soy departed Rizal cated nto his grave the bea memorice of fs vist yo Leer. In» fete fo Blamentit wr in Visas Sn May 34, 1847, Rial expresed hand Viol cone the leas of Dora, the profesor’ Ine daughter2088 RIZAL: LIFE, WOM AND WRITINGS 1." thus wrote Rizal, “are very sad because ou litle fiend i sick. We still remember ber litle blue eyes; we heat hee laughter, and we see her lite teth. Poor Doritat saw her after us when the train was leaving! With all my heart 1 her prompt recovery” In another letier, written in Brann, Austria, on May 19, 1887, theee days after leaving Leimert, Rizal rote to Bhumene {tt “I shall make my good friends of Leitmertz the objects of my thoughts and I shall say of myself: You are not alone, Rizal im a small corner of Bohemia thete are good, noble, and friendly souls who lke you: thik of them consider them as they were With you, a8 if they saw you; they will rejoice over your Joye, and will weep over your suffering .-. Please kiss the children for me, express my greetings 10 your wile, and to your good father and the friends in Leitmeritz 1am at heart an inhabitant ‘of Leitmeritz just as you yourself are a Filipina in sentimente, | believe Austria will always live in my heart”? In the same letter, Rizal told Blumentit that he forgot his diamond stickpin at his room in Hotel Krebs Prague, After Leitmeritz, Rizal and Viola visited the historic city of Prague, They carried letters of recommendation from Blumentntt to Dr. Willkoram, professor of natural history in the University of Prague. The good professor and his charming. ‘wile and daughters welcomed them and showed them the city histori spots. Rizal and Viola visited the tomb of Copernicus, the famous ‘astronomer; the museum of natural history the bacteriological laboratories; the famous cave where San Juan Nepomuceno the Catholic saint, was imprisoned; and the bridge from which this, Stunt was hurled into the river Alter saying good-bye to Professor Willkomm and his family, the two tourists went to Brun. According to Viola, "nothing » of importance happened” in this Gy, Vienna. On May 20, Rizal and Viola arrived inthe beautiful sity of Vienna, capital of Austria-Hungary. Famous in song and sory, this city fascinated Rizal because ofits beautiful buildings, religious images, haunting waltzes, and majestic charm, Viena was truly the "Queen of the Danube”. inet Noreafal, ove ofthe greatest novels hrng tat tne. This great Avstian sovelit wat ray imprested by Ria, and years here spoke Nighy irl “whose genta he 20 much admited. i turn, forwarded it to Rizal in Vienna, Rizal and Viola stayed at Hotel Metropole. They visited hey teresting places sch at churches, muscums at falleries, cheaters, and public parks. They met two good frien Df Blumentstt — Masner and Nordmann, Austrian scholars Danubian Voyage to Lints. Oni May 24, Rizal and Viola left ‘Vienna om river Boat to sce the beautiful sights of the Danube River As they taveled along the famous river, Rizal observed Keenly the river sights — the barges loaded with products, the ‘lowers and plants growing slong the river banks, the boats with families living on them, and the qusint villages on the riversides. We panicularly noticed that the passengers on the river boat ‘were using paper napkins during the meals, which was a novelty {G him. His fellow passenger, Viola, commented that te paper ‘napkins were "more hypienlcand economical than cloth napkins" From Lintz to Rheinfall. The river voyage ended in Lintz ‘They traveled overland to Salzburg, and from there to Munich sshere they sojourned fora short time to savor the famous Munich beer, reputed to be the best in Germany. From Mun tey went Naren oe of the ode ‘ities of Germany. Among the sights aw in this ‘were the horrible torture machines wed by the Inquisition, Rizal ‘amined earefuly these torture machines. He and Viola were Impressed by the manufacture of dolls which was the biggest industry of the city. ‘After Munich, they visited Ulm. The cathedral ofthis city ‘was “the largest and tallest in all Germany”. Viola related that he and Rizal climbed its many hundred steps. He rested twice fon the way 10 the tower and felt dizzy from the stain upon. reaching the top. Rial, on the other hand, ascended without ‘esting and was not tired when he reached the top.{O08 RIZAL: IF, Wome AO WTO From Ulm, they went to Stuttgart, Baden, and then Rhein (Cascade of the Rhine). At Rhcinfail, they saw the waterfall, “the most beautiful waterfall of Europe” Geneva, After sightecing in Lausanne, Rizal and Viola left 20 litle boat, crossing the fogsy Leman Lake to Geneve, Ting Swi city is one of the most Beautiful cities in Europe, vies: ‘by word tourists every year, The people of Geneva wore input, speaking French, German, and Malian. Rizal conversed: with them in these three languages ‘Aside from visiting the tourist spots, Rizal and Viola went boating om the lake, In this aquatic excursion, Rizal showed fae rowing prowess which he acquited during his boyhood days i Calamba (On June 19, 1887, Rizal treated Viola to 8 blow-out, It was his 26h birthday. According to a Filipino custom, he celcbrated his birthday with & sumptuous meal, Rizal and Viola spent fifteen delightful days in Geneva. On. June 23, they parted ways — Viola returned 10 Barcelona while Riral continued the tout 0 Haly ‘Rizal Resents Exhibiton of Igorots im 1887 Madrid Expost- tion. While Riza, accompanied by Dr. Viots, was happily touring Europe; an Exposition of the Philippines was beld in Madre, Spain. Upon reaching Geneva (Switzerland), he reccived wad news from his friends in Madrid of the deplorable conditions 0 the primitive Igorots who were exhibited in this eapostion, sae ‘of whom died, and whose scanty clothing (G-strings) and crude ‘weapons were objects of mockery and laughter by the Spenish Beople and pres. Being a champion of human dignity, Rizal was outraged by this degradation of his fellow countrymen the Igorots of Nesthery Luzon. In a leter to his friend, Blumentrtt, datcd Gener June 6, 1887, he said My poor compatriots (Igorets—Z,) who are now ‘bing exhibited in Madrid are mocked by Spanish acespap 10 ee nec ne a Ks als Si Sota ptember nah IER dn enmne mie oe Spice yeah ec ayn Sei SECS er voan uct prone een ech s oiren Consomneee (oer cel ogee papell dy toe aie TO Bap ied Conrado | gtr said be was in favor of pois: ‘un exposition é “buat cere istesigan tare oy cece fs» cuioy to emeyain tc le hata of Madd" Me eae eect don os tinct pena o es eee eee Sree st Be eee cmuneriineaene nie Rizal in Italy. From Geneva, Rizal went to Italy. He visited “Tin, Mian, Venice, and Florence, On June 27, 87, he Teche os, he Eka 9d ee “0 Sos cay batioag moa vo on ike Tame Rest Eig yo i dot of we ten ete oo es ee ep acre Fata sat arama chen artes Ponisi eccrpatmgensh Seta oy esta fares Sores ay ocr mart rea i cn inva ite pee rae ankiann a pa geile Marana eo ota pln rape ree veer ae . if St. Paul, Oe ane 2 te Fe Dayo Por ad SP saat aed i ti eWay Pipe pal Cec Neo Ed hts and memories of the Eten the “grandour that was Rome’2088 MAL: LIFE, Wonk ANO MRT bythe main des, party of St. Peter's Coach Depa Ocean We setae tigen ee a pervaded the Vatican, RS Sen ae Every night flr sghsccing the whole dy, Rie to bis hotel very tied“ am ined 4 dog” he woe Slums, but I wil sep ms 4 gods? After weck of wonderful sojourn ia Rome, {0 return to the Philippines. He hac wi = iad spar Pins Heady wen or er m Chapter 10 First Homecoming, 1887-88 All the alluring beauties of foreign counties and all the ‘beautiful memories of hit sojourn in alien lands could neither make Rizal forget his fatherland nor turn his back to his own faationaity. True that he studied abroad, acquired the lore and languages of foreign nations, and enjoyed the friendship of many treat men of the: Western world; but he remained at heart a {tue Filipina with an unquenchable love for the Philippines and fn unihakable determination to die in the land of his birth. ‘Thus, ater five years of memorable sojourn in Europe, he returned othe Phlippines in August 1887 and practised medicine fn Calamba. He lived the quiet life ofa country doctor. But bis tnemies, who resented his Nol, persecuted him, even threatening to ill him, Decision to Return Home. Because of the publication ofthe [Noli Me Tangere and the uproar it caused among the friars, Rial was warmed by Pasiano (his brother), Silvestre Ubaldo (bisbrother-imiaw), Chengoy (Jose M. Cecilio), and other friends fot to return home. But he did not heed their warning. He was ‘determined to return to the Philippines forthe following reasons: (1) t0 operate on his mother’s eyes; (2) to serve his people who had long been oppressed by Spanish tyrants; (3) to find out for Ihimseit how the Noli and his other writings were affecting Filipinos and Spaniards in the Philippines; and (4) to inquire ‘why Leonor Rivera remained silent. In a leter to Blumentrit, written in Geneva o1 June 19, 1867, Rizal said: "Your advice that Uive in Madeid and continac to write from there is very benevolent but T cannot accept it. ‘cannot endure the life in Madrid where everything is voice in ‘2 -wilderess. My parents want 10 see me, and I want to see 1Js Rome, on June 29, 1897, Riza amt £2 . 1887, Riel wrote to hie father, ‘eRovacng his homecoming. “On the 15th o Jay at the ater be wrote, “I shall embark for our country 40 tha from the Tah of August, we shal ee eachother" sc My ty as ap o July 3, 1887, he boarded the steamer Diemnah, the se teamer which brought him to Ex ago. There Jere sou 0 asemgers,inctung% Ealshnen erm amore ono Speak many Janguages, so that he acted mrp fora EG alah en te cat se a nk Scena act Seeger perl ye r became rough and some of Rizal's books got wet. Haiphong which was Manila Angus 2 i eee rea it er Arrival ia Mant. Rzas voyage = ints voyage om Saigon to Manila Besant. On Avgis ed the maton war ff an hee _ remotes pti ne ie en en te sa en tac Seren tae ne enone vi as as Se and the same heary walls surrounding the city, es m4 i amcing 87108) Happy Homecoming, On Avgust Sth, he retumed to nba, His family weleomed him affectionately, with plentifl of joy. Writing to Blumentrtt of his homecoming, he sai had a_pleasant voyage. 1 found my family enjoying good Ith and our happiness was great in seeing each other agai, ‘They shed tears of oy and I had to answer ten thousand questions tthe same time" The rejoicings of Rizal's return over, his family became ‘worried for his safety. Paciano didnot leave him during the first days after arrival to protect him from any enemy assault His own father would not let him go out alone, lest something ‘might happen to him Tn Calamba, Rizal established & medical clinic, His first patient was his mother, who was almost bliad. He tated her yes, but could not perform any surgical operation because her eye cataracts were not yet ripe. News of the arival of a great doctor from Germany spread far and wide. Patients ftom Manila and the provinces flocked to Calamba. Rizal, who came to be talled “Doctor Uliman” because he came from Geemany. ested their ailments and soon he acquired a lucrative medhcal practice His professional fees were reasonable, even gratis tthe poor. Within a few months, he was able to earn PIO as a physician ‘By February, 1888, he earned a total of PS,000 as medical fes. Unlike many successfl medical practitioners, Rizal did oot selfishly devote all his time to enriching himself. He opened a gymnasium for young folks, where he introduced Europea sports. He tried to interest his townmates in gymnastics, fencing and shooting so as to discourage che cockfights and gambling.” Rizal suffered one failure during his six months of sojourn in Calamba — his failure to sce Leonor Rivera, He ttied 0 20 ‘to Dagupan, but his parents absolutely forbade him to go because Leonor’s mother did not lke him for a son-in-law. With a heavy heart, Rizal bowed 10 his parent's wish. He was caught within the iron grip of the custom of his time that marriages must he arranged by the parent: of both groom and bride. Storm aver the Noli. Meanwhile, as Rizal wes peacefully living in Calamba, his enemies plowed his doom, Aside from proctsing medicine, attending to his gymnasium, which he estab Tished, and taking part in the towa’s civic affairs, he painted 2208 REAL: LIFE, Wome Ao WTO several beautifl landscapes and translated the German ‘of Von Wildernath into Tagalog, ‘A few weeks after his arrival, a storm broke over his novel, ‘One day Rizal received a letter ftom Governor General Erni ‘errero (1885-88) requesting him to come to Malaeaan Palace, Somebody had whispered to the govemor's ear that the Noll contained subversive ideas Rizal went to Manila and appeared st Malacafang. When he was informed by Governor General Tertero of the charge, he denied it, explaining that he metely exposed the truth, bul he didnot advocate subversive ideas, Pleased by bis explanation | and curious about the controversial book, the governor general fsked the author for a copy of the Noli x0 thit he could read 't. Rizal had no copy then because the only copy he brought home was given 10 a friend, However, he promised to secure ‘one for the governor genera Rizal visited the Jesuit fathers to ask forthe copy he sent them. but they would mot part with it, ‘The Jesuits, especially his former professors — Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanche?, Fr Jove Hech, and Fr. Federico Faura — were glad to see him, He hhad a spirited discussion with Father Faura, who ventured an ‘pinion that “everything in it was the truth", but added: “You. may lose your head for Fortunately, Rizal found a copy in the hands of a fiend He was able o get it and gave it to Governor General Tetrero, ‘The governor general, who was a liberal-minded Spaniard. Knew that Rizal's life was in Jeopardy because the tars wete powerfull For security measure, he assigned a young Spanish heutenant, ‘Don Jone Taviel de Andrade, as bodyguardof Rizal. Ths Heuten- ant belonged t0 a noble family, He was cultured and knew ‘inting, and could speak English, French, and Spanish, Governor General Terrero read the Noli and found nothing wrong, with it But Rizal's enemies were powerful. The Archbishop of Manila, Msgr. Pedro Payo (a Dominican) seat a copy of the Noli to Father Rector Gregorio Echavaria of the Univensty of Santo Tomas for examination by 2 committee of the faculty. The committee, which was composed of Dominican professors, submitted its. report to the Father Rector, who immediately transmitted i 19 Archbishop Payo, The archbishop, ie lot no time in forwarding tothe goveroe sera Tis report of te tclty members ofthe University of Santo Coma: Sed thet the Nol as “tees, impons, and senda Deri he tlio order on ant patote ner of pubic eae npn othe goverment ef pain od Ti econ ie the Pitppine lands ne pol onder General Tere was dati with the report of Domine for he hnew Sat the Domine were i jars ann Rl He set the mae tothe Permanent Eokemston Ot Cewsonbip which war componed of piss and laymen Te ep ot cmminon war de ys hn, Pr Savador Fost, Aupeinian cur of Toodo, and sabre {rt povctoor praca on December 2.1 found the noel © Wis ivenite dees upeont toe Church tnd Spain, and wr cndad "ha the importation, reproduction and cca TTF ate perndou book nthe tans be absolutely prob i the newspaper pubhed Fonts wien report of the SCarip “contains Raat and hs tenth become prchemive and uneasy. The enemies f Rial creda unholy Se Tae banalng of the No only served (0 make 1 popular Pe iy wemed wread it Nowe abou the great bok trend eaeiay sss What the hard Spend ers ot tr sh tsed manes hed very mu. Despite the government cers asd ie vighnnse of The co Cumin Cra may Pronnon sere al wo et hoof copie ofthe Nol which they fond at eight being coved doors nts o Governor Gencal Tetra thee wee no mise imprsament of ms oacoon of Fine se 0 Ferisetes wy ie nar recrnore fortach ears tsi fropie coup rextng tne novel sa ator Atachers of the Na. Te bale over the Nol 1008 the form of sorte war of wor. Fates Font printed tis report ‘STutabacd copies of tin order © decd he contort Sore 'AvoterAupusian Fr, loa Rogues, Prot of ‘Gectanper pec a wen of ight pene wader the oer ding Chcsions de Suns acres (Gectons of Sap Ser atte) fo bat he Noland ober at Spanih wring Those cg pamphlets were cals flow1. Porque no los he de ler? (Why Should Y not Read Then?) 2 Guards detlos. Porque? (Beware of Them, Why?) 3. Yegue me dice usted dela peste? (And What Can You Tell Me of Plague?) 4 Porque wiunfan lor impos? (Why Do the pes “Triemph?) S. Gre used que de vras no hay purgatorio? (D ‘Tink There ls Really No Pargnory), Hay ono hay inferno? (Is There or There Note?) 7. Que te parece a wed de eon liteos? (Wat Do You Think of These Likes) 8 Confesiono condenacion? (Conexion ot Daonation?) You Copies of these ant: Rizal pamphlets written by Fray Rode ‘iguez were sold daily in the churches afer Mass, Many Filipinos were forced to buy them in order aot to displeaie the fam but they did ot believe what their author sald with hysterical fervor, Repercussions ofthe stoum over the Noll reached Spain, I Bs fiercely attacked on the session hall of the Senate of the ‘Spanish, Cortes by various senaicts, paticularly General Jone {de Salamanca on April 1, 1888, General Luis M. de Pano on April 12, and Sr. Fernando Vida on June’ !1. The Spanish academician of Madr, Vicente Barruntes. who formerly ‘exupied high goverament positions in the Philippines, testy ‘titcied the Nolin an article published in La Epa Meter {(@ newspaper of Madr) i January. 1890, Defenders of the Noll. The muct maligned Noli had its allan defenders who feariessly came out to prove the merits ‘of the novel or to refute the arguments ofthe unkind attackers “Marcelo. del Pilar, Dr_ Antonio Ma. Reghlor Crscane Leper Jaen, Mariano Ponce, and other Filipina reforms i forcon lands, of course, rushed to uphold the truths of the Nef Sancher, Rizal's favorite teacher at the Atenco, defen Praised it in public. Don Scpismunda Moet. former, Mi ‘Of the Crown; Dr. Miguel Morayta, historian and atatewn and Profesor Blumestit, cholo al educso, Ted an ies the novel ‘A balan defense ofthe Noll ame trom an wnepeced owe. It was by Rev. Vicente Onrda, Flipine Cabal Prcscholar, a thelopan of the Mani Cathedral and Fngaig stor ofthe famows Liteon of Crist by Thomas 1 Keone Fates Oar ig dc he pena oe Desidero Magalang, wrote © detec hich os pblaed in Stgapre man appends 1 ppb! dated Jly Tarn, He bate the argumens of Fe. Rodagec slows 1, Rizal cannot bean “ignorant man”, a Fr. Rodger aged, Became he was 8 graduate of Spanish universes And'was 2 recipient of scholastic hooors 2, Rieal does nt attack the Church and Spa, 28 Fi Rodrigues eahmed, becnise what Rizal attacked inte No twee the bad Spanish officials and not Span, and the bad {nd eorrpt friars and not the Church 2. Father Rodrigues ssid that those who read the Not commits mortal sin, since be (Rodrigue) had vead the towel, therefore he as commits moral in Later, when Rizal ered ofthe ll deters of Father ur fs nv he sed cae hte a oe Sheiming* Ril, inst tended hs nove gaint Darras tack, in a leter writen in Brosels, Belgiom, in February, ttn eter he exposed Baran Yxorance of Pippin tay und mental dameaty which womoythy of amet ‘Sin Barames met in Rie smectite sn polemis ‘Daring the days when the Noll wat the target of «heated controvery between the rs and their minions) and the frends ra, Ut copies of wer al ota the pris or copy toured to unprsedentd lec. Both en and enemies ofthe Not fod texemely tet sere xcopy Acording fo ual n' ltr fo Peano Canon om Gcrcm, June 13, IHF, the pce he set pr copy wes ve psa can tome po) bu the price ate one 10 BY pst Pa copy Tvl de Andree. Wile the worm over the No ves raging uy, Ril ct molested in Cala. Ths te to Governor General Tener’ geneity In sigriog 8 Te him. Between tt Spanien bodyguard, ose “Tividde Anat and Ril. beau ends Booed.