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CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM

INTRODUCTION

Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a multifactorial disorder caused by interactions between

genetic, environmental and intrauterine factors. Various studies have reported the prevalence of

this syndrome in adolescence as 9% to 15%. Based on the available evidence, metabolic,

inflammatory, oxidative, emotional and psychological stress is an important part of polycystic

ovarian syndrome. While the incidence of any disease or disorder can lead to anxiety and worry,

studies have shown that women with polycystic ovarian syndrome experience emotional distress,

depression and anxiety more frequently than others, and when confronted with the disorder, some

become more anxious and stressful. Polycystic ovarian syndrome therefore affects the daily life of

many people. It disturbs the joys of adolescence, because the stigma associated with

hyperandrogenism is more intensely felt in this age group and is likely to damage the psychosocial

development of adolescent girls. (Saei Ghare Naz M, Ramezani Tehrani F, Ozgoli G, 2019)

In the United States, Polycystic ovarian syndrome (is one of the most common endocrine

disorders of reproductive-age women, with a prevalence of 4-12%.Up to 10% of women are

diagnosed with polycystic ovarian syndrome during gynecologic visits. In some European studies,

the prevalence of polycystic ovarian syndrome has been reported to be 6.5-8%.   (Richard Scott

Lucidi, MD, FACOG, 2019)

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Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a common endocrine system disorder in women. It’s so

common that 6 out of 10 women have experienced polycystic ovarian syndrome. In spite of its

name, there aren’t any actual cysts involved but fluid-filled sacs surround the eggs inside the

ovaries and cause hormonal levels to be way off balance. As a result, it can cause problems like

excessive facial or body hair, acne, obesity, as well as the irregularity in periods that affected

women has been experiencing. Doctors still don’t know what causes the condition and there is

currently no cure for it. The most that women like me can do is to manage the symptoms as well as

we can. (Angela Fernando, 2017)

The primary purpose of this study was to raise the level of awareness of women in Brgy.

Poblacion, Kidapawan City who are affected in both physical and emotional aspects. At present

polycystic ovarian syndrome has greatly affect the lives of women in Kidapawan City, an

alleviating number of women who suffers from physical and emotional problems because of

polycystic ovarian syndrome. Most women who were diagnosed are experiencing menstrual

irregularities, hirsutism, hair loss, gain weight, infertility as well as anxiety and depression. The

study also investigated presenting symptom status of women who were diagnosed and would like

to determine the cause of the disease, and explored factors that may be associated with better

treatment response.
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STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The study aimed to determine the causes and effects of the level of awareness on

polycystic ovarian syndrome in women of Kidapawan City.

Specifically, this study sought answers to the following questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

a. Age

b. Educational Attainment

c. Religion

2. What is the level of awareness on Polycystic ovarian syndrome of women in

Kidapawan City in terms of:

a. Physical

b. Emotional

c. Is there a significant influence on the demographic profile and the level of

awareness on polycystic ovarian syndrome of women in Kidapawan.

Hypothesis

H1. There is no significant influence on demographic profile and the level of awareness

on polycystic ovarian syndrome.

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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE

Demographic Profile in terms of

Level of Awareness in terms of
a. Age
a. Physical
b. Education
b. Emotional
c. Religion

The dependent variable which is the Women of Kidapawan City with polycystic

ovarian syndrome represents the output or effect, or is tested to see if it is the effect. The

independent variables are the effects of polycystic ovarian syndrome that represent the inputs or

causes, or are tested to see if they are the cause. The intervening variable is the genetic, age and

lifestyle.
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SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

To the primary health workers, these studies will also benefit the health advocates where

they can identify what are the other areas to be strengthen and will be given more focus in

educating the society with their level of understanding when it comes to women who has

Polycystic ovarian syndrome.

To the community, population of a certain community will now work hand in hand to

make their community as a strong support system for women who are undergoing symptoms like

stress and anxiety caused by Polycystic ovarian syndrome.

To the respondents/women, this study benefited them by knowing the level of awareness

on polycystic ovarian syndrome.

To the students, this study, this study served as a reference or guide in enhancing their

knowledge concerning the effects of polycystic ovarian syndrome in women.

To the school administration and staff, this study gave them deeper awareness on the

specific effects of polycystic ovarian syndrome in women by understanding how polycystic

ovarian syndrome has affected the lives of women in Kidapawan City.

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Theoretical Framework

This research study on Level of Awareness of women in Kidapawan City applies on Dorothea

Orem’s Self-care Deficit Theory. Her theory defined Nursing as “The act of assisting others in the

provision and management of self-care to maintain or improve human functioning at home level of

effectiveness.” It focuses on each individual’s ability to perform self-care, defined as “the practice

of activities that individuals initiate and perform on their own behalf in maintaining life, health,

and well-being.”( Angelo Gonzalo, BSN, RN,2019)

Scope and Limitations

This study is mainly centered on determining the effects of polycystic ovarian syndrome

as perceived by the women of Kidapawan City. The participants are women who have already

experienced the puberty stage aging 15 and above.

Definition of Terms

The following terms are conceptually defined as it was used in the study.

Age- refers to the age of the respondents.

Hirsutism- is excessive body hair in men and women on parts of the body where hair is normally

absent or minimal.

Hyperandrogenism- is a medical condition characterized by high levels of androgens in females.

Infertility- not fertile or productive, incapable of or unsuccessful in achieving pregnancy.

Level of Awareness- state or ability to perceive.

Oxidative- relating to the process or result of oxidizing or being oxidized.

Polycystic- characterized by multiple cysts.

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Polycystic ovarian syndrome- is a multifactorial disorder caused by interactions between genetic,

environmental and intrauterine factors.

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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents the summary of studies and professional literature, both local, national and

foreign which were consulted in the study.

In 1935, Stein and Leventhal published a paper on their findings in seven women with

amenorrhea, hirsutism, obesity, and a characteristic polycystic appearance to their ovaries — one

of the first descriptions of a complex phenotype today known as the Polycystic ovarian syndrome.

Insight into the pathogenesis and treatment of the polycystic ovarian syndrome has increased

substantially in the decade since this topic was last addressed in the Journal. The condition is now

well recognized as having a major effect throughout life on the reproductive, metabolic, and

cardiovascular health of affected women. This review addresses current knowledge regarding the

diagnosis, cause, and treatment of the polycystic ovarian syndrome. (David A. Ehrmann,

M.D.,2005)

Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a common health problem due to an imbalance in a

woman’s sex hormone. Women with polycystic ovarian syndrome have increased androgen

production, a male sex hormone, which is normally found in women at lower levels. This

imbalance creates problems in the ovaries, affecting its ability to develop eggs. It can cause missed

or irregular menstruation, which can lead to infertility and the development of cysts in the ovaries.

Due to this hormonal imbalance, recurrent miscarriages or elevated blood glucose level can occur

that can lead to other health conditions. (Traci C. Johnson, MD,2019)

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The exact cause of polycystic ovarian syndrome is unknown, but most experts say that

genetics play a role. Around 5% to 10% of women with ages between 15 and 44 have P polycystic

ovarian syndrome and oftentimes get diagnosed in their 20s and 30s, when they see their doctors

because they are having problems getting pregnant. If you are obese, or your mother, sister or aunt

has polycystic ovarian syndrome, you are at a higher risk for polycystic ovarian syndrome

compared to others who do not have polycystic ovarian syndrome in their bloodline. (Violanda

Grigorescu, M.D., M.S.P.H,2019)

Between 5% and 10% of women between 15 and 44, or during the years you can have

children, have polycystic ovarian syndrome.  Most women find out they have polycystic ovarian

syndrome in their 20s and 30s, when they have problems getting pregnant and see their doctor. But

polycystic ovarian syndrome can happen at any age after puberty. (Violanda Grigorescu, M.D.,

M.S.P.H,2019)

This complex polygenic disorder has environmental influences (e.g., those that contribute

to obesity). Many studies suggest that inherent abnormalities of ovarian steroidogenesis and

follicular development play a role in the polycystic ovarian syndrome. The syndrome is also

associated with persistently rapid gonadotropinreleasing hormone pulses, an excess of luteinizing

hormone, and insufficient follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion, which contribute to

excessive ovarian androgen production and ovulatory dysfunction. In addition, many women with

the polycystic ovarian syndrome have insulin resistance, and compensatory hyperinsulinemia

enhances ovarian (and adrenal) androgen production and increases androgen bioavailability

through reduced levels of sex hormone–binding globulin. (Christopher R. McCartney, M.D.

and John C. Marshall, M.B., Ch.B., M.D.,2016)

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Ovulatory dysfunction with irregular menstrual cycles is a major component of polycystic

ovarian syndrome. Menstrual irregularity is common through adolescence and is recognized as a

sign of pubertal transition, with maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. The difficulties of

defining normal age-related change from that of polycystic ovarian syndrome in these years are

difficult. Historically, young women have felt a lack of education and dissatisfaction in time taken

to diagnosis, delaying targeted therapies. The global guideline makes clear recommendations based

on gynecological age, regarding when cycles should be termed irregular post-menarche. (Selma

Feldman Witchel, Sharon E Oberfield,and Alexia S Peña,2019)

Women of all races and ethnicities are at risk of polycystic ovarian syndrome. Your risk of

polycystic ovarian syndrome may be higher if you have obesity or if you have a mother, sister, or

aunt with polycystic ovarian syndrome. (Colette Blanchard, NP, 2015)

Polycystic ovarian syndrome is associated with a range of challenging symptoms which

impact patient’s lives. Iranian women with polycystic ovarian syndrome are likely to face a

number of unique difficulties given particular societal and cultural norms for women.

Understanding health-related quality of life (HRQoL) from a patients’ perspective is critical to

developing the appropriate support interventions. The present study aimed to generate an in-depth

understanding of HRQoL Iranian women with polycystic ovarian syndrome.( Seyed Abdolvahab

Taghavi, Fatemeh Bazarganipour, Siobhan Hugh-Jones &  Nazafarin Hosseini,2015)

The Polycystic ovarian syndrome is diagnosed in women with at least two of the following

otherwise unexplained abnormalities: hyperandrogenism (clinical, biochemical, or both), ovulatory

dysfunction, and polycystic ovarian morphologic features. Women with the polycystic ovarian

syndrome are at increased risk for infertility, endometrial hyperplasia and cancer, abnormal

glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia, obstructive sleep apnea, depression, and anxiety.

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Nonpharmacologic therapies play key roles in the treatment of the polycystic ovarian syndrome.

Lifestyle modification is important for patients who are (or are at risk for being) overweight or

obese and in those with other coexisting metabolic conditions. Mechanical hair removal (e.g.,

shaving) is an important treatment strategy in patients with hirsutism. Combined (estrogen–

progestin) oral contraceptives are considered to be the first-line pharmacologic therapy for the

classic symptoms of the polycystic ovarian syndrome. They ameliorate hyperandrogenism (e.g.,

hirsutism), result in predictable withdrawal bleeding, and provide reliable endometrial protection

and contraception. Additional pharmacologic therapies may include spironolactone (with

appropriate contraception) for hirsutism, episodic or continuous progestin therapy for endometrial

protection, metformin for abnormal glucose tolerance, and clomiphene for ovulation induction.

(Christopher R. McCartney, M.D. and John C. Marshall, M.B., Ch.B., M.D.,2016)

In the United States, Polycystic ovarian syndrome is one of the most common endocrine

disorders of reproductive-age women, with a prevalence of 4-12%.  Up to 10% of women are

diagnosed with polycystic ovarian syndrome during gynecologic visits. In some European studies,

the prevalence of polycystic ovarian syndrome has been reported to be 6.5-8%. (Richard Scott

Lucidi, MD, FACOG, 2019)

A great deal of ethnic variability in hirsutism is observed. For example, Asian (East and

Southeast Asia) women have less hirsutism than white women given the same serum androgen

values. In a study that assessed hirsutism in southern Chinese women, investigators found a

prevalence of 10.5%.  In hirsute women, there was a significant increase in the incidence of acne,

menstrual irregularities, polycystic ovaries, and acanthosis nigricans. (Richard Scott Lucidi, MD,

FACOG, 2019)
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Polycystic ovarian syndrome occurs in 6% to 10% of women and, as the most common

worldwide endocrinopathy of reproductive-aged women, is linked to a constellation of

reproductive and metabolic abnormalities, including anovulatory infertility, hirsutism, acne, and

insulin resistance in association with metabolic syndrome. Despite a genetic component to

polycystic ovarian syndrome, ethnicity plays an important role in the phenotypic expression of

polycystic ovarian syndrome, with South Asian polycystic ovarian syndrome women having more

severe reproductive and metabolic symptoms than other ethnic groups. South Asians with

polycystic ovarian syndrome seek medical care at an earlier age for reproductive abnormalities;

have a higher degree of hirsutism, infertility, and acne; and experience lower live birth rates

following in vitro fertilization than do whites with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Similarly, South

Asians with polycystic ovarian syndrome have a higher prevalence of insulin resistance and

metabolic syndrome than do other polycystic ovarian syndrome -related ethnic groups of a similar

body mass index. Inheritance of polycystic ovarian syndrome appears to have a complex genetic

basis, including genetic differences based on ethnicity, which interact with lifestyle and other

environmental factors to affect polycystic ovarian syndrome phenotypic expression.( Jaya

Mehta , Vikram Kamdar, Daniel Dumesic,2013)

Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a heterogenous condition with signs and symptoms including

menstrual dysfunction, weight disorders, hirsutism, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and metabolic

disorders. As such, diagnosis is controversial and differs between countries and communities. This

study was done to identify and construct a registry of women with Polycystic ovarian syndrome

being seen at the Out-Patient Department of Philippine General Hospital and obtain their

demographic and anthropometric characteristics as well as their hormonal profile to be able to

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examine the best available evidence on the diagnosis and clinical management of polycystic

ovarian syndrome in the Philippine setting. Results of the study showed comparable baseline

characteristics and hormonal profile among Filipino women with polycystic ovarian syndrome.

These data suggest that diagnostic and therapeutic modalities applied in other groups of women

may be applicable and cost-effective in the Philippine setting. (Richard S Legro, M.D.,2017)

Women reported substantial effects of polycystic ovarian syndrome on their quality of life,

Themes generated from the data related to sexual - physical problems (An unsexualised self: loss,

change and pain; and Being pained and painful); exposure and invasion: the rejecting and invading

social world (Concealing and Avoiding and Public property: public scrutiny), diminished self and

diminished life (Infertile as inferior and Exhausted mind and body) respectively. .( Seyed

Abdolvahab Taghavi, Fatemeh Bazarganipour, Siobhan Hugh-Jones &  Nazafarin Hosseini,2015)

The symptoms typically associated with polycystic ovarian syndrome include: amenorrhea,

oligomenorrhea, hirsutism, obesity, infertility, anovulation and acne. The impact of this condition

on patients’ lives and psychological health is well recognized. Post diagnosis, patients with

polycystic ovarian syndrome face multiple tests and hospital appointments, with associated

anxiety. Studies indicate diminished health related quality of life (HRQoL), marital and social

difficulties, depression and suicidal ideation among patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome.

Poor QoL is likely to be a risk factor for other poor outcomes. For example, in one study, 14 % of

women suffering from polycystic ovarian syndrome reported suicidal ideation. This figure is

similar to that reported by patients suffering from other chronic medical conditions and much
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higher than that reported by the general population. Culture and society can shape what an illness

means to an individual. Iranian women typically take up prominent roles in managing family life,

diagnosis of, and its subsequent treatment regime, is likely to have significant and unique effects

on the on their HRQoL. (Fatemeh Bazarganipour, Saeide Ziaei,corresponding author Ali

Montazeri, Fatemeh Foroozanfard, Anoshirvan Kazemnejad, and Soghrat Faghihzadeh, 2013)

Although HRQoL is a subjective perception of well-being, it has been argued that

one’s perception may be influenced by cultural and ethnic factors such as social norms, values and

beliefs. For example, it is forbidden for a menstruating woman to perform many religious

activates, like prayer; therefore, prolonged bleeding disrupts household patterns in such a way that

family and community members may become aware of a woman’s situation if her period persists

for more than the expected number of days. Menstrual irregularities may also have adverse

consequences for women’s intimate relations and for other aspects of their reproductive and

general health. For example, in Islam, Judaism and Zoroastrianism, a man is forbidden to have

intercourse with his wife during her menses. .( Seyed Abdolvahab Taghavi, Fatemeh

Bazarganipour, Siobhan Hugh-Jones &  Nazafarin Hosseini,2015)

The analysis suggests that polycystic ovarian syndrome is a physical/sexual,

psychological and social syndrome. Findings are presented as three themes; sexual - physical

problems; exposure and invasion; and diminished self and diminished life. .( Seyed Abdolvahab

Taghavi, Fatemeh Bazarganipour, Siobhan Hugh-Jones &  Nazafarin Hosseini,2015)

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Many participants talked about the negative impact of polycystic ovarian syndrome and its

treatment on their marital relationships, particularly in the realm of sexual desirability and

exposure of oneself. They talked about psychological and physical barriers to a fulfilling sexual

relationship. For example, some women’s desire for sex was diminished by feelings of shame

about the symptoms of polycystic ovarian syndrome (“with too much hair on my body I don’t feel

like having any sexual intercourse.”). Or the pain they experienced during sex (“I have zero sexual

desire. I prefer to finish soon for the severe pain resulted from the drugs I took for ovulation”.

(Seyed Abdolvahab Taghavi, Fatemeh Bazarganipour, Siobhan Hugh-Jones &  Nazafarin

Hosseini,2015)

Infertility associated with the syndrome also had a profound effect on couple relationships.

Women talked about how the nature of sexual relations altered in an ‘infertile context’, profoundly

diminishing desire and enjoyment of sex: “Our sex does not give results, and we fail to have a

baby. After this, I don’t have any desire, I hate sex, and I have no sexual satisfaction at all”

Moreover, often in infertility treatment, a specific timetable is recommended for intercourse, and

these schedules impacted the naturalness of sexual activity between couples. .( Seyed Abdolvahab

Taghavi, Fatemeh Bazarganipour, Siobhan Hugh-Jones &  Nazafarin Hosseini,2015)

Many participants talked about the physical side effects of polycystic ovarian syndrome

and its treatment on their general health. A dominant concern was the pain associated with

managing and treating excessive hair re-growth and emerging acne. Women engaged with multiple
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practices to beautify or feminize themselves, despite discomfort and pain. (Seyed Abdolvahab

Taghavi, Fatemeh Bazarganipour, Siobhan Hugh-Jones &  Nazafarin Hosseini,2015)

Other physical complications associated with treatments included pain related to

diagnostic examinations (“My first internal examination was because of severe pain and bleeding,

because of that, I am afraid of it” or effects of particular drugs: (“When taking these medications, I

was always hot, and had hot flushes. I felt pain in my lower abdomen” “Taking the pills, I was too

anorexic with very hot flushes”. (Seyed Abdolvahab Taghavi, Fatemeh Bazarganipour, Siobhan

Hugh-Jones &  Nazafarin Hosseini,2015)

Participants described difficult experiences whereby the reactions of others led

them to feeling marginalized: “Everyone pays attention to me. So, I do not go to their home. I do

not feel comfortable there. When they tell me that I am fat …I resent it, and am really affected by

it” Some participants refused to participate in parties and ceremonies (“Now, I don’t go out much.

Unlike before, I’m not happy going to wedding parties”; “I am disturbed by the menstrual

irregularities because if I decided to go a ceremony or wedding, I might get a heavy period” and

one woman shut out the world for a substantial period of time: “For two years, I did not even turn

on the TV.” Thus, having polycystic ovarian syndrome had a very real impact on women’s felt

freedom of movement, and their perceived position in their own social worlds. Participants also

talked of concealing their symptoms from others, to reduce likely negative reactions or intrusions:

“If I go to my mother’s house, I always cover my cheek to conceal acne”. When asked ‘what has

been the impact of your hirsutism on your life’, another woman stated: “I have too much hair and

am really preoccupied about it. I don’t like others to see me with too much hair. I wear a scarf to

conceal the excessive hair on my face. If people see me with this hair, they tell me that my face

looks like a man’s and we cannot tell you from your husband! I try to wear long hair at home to
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cover my face from my husband”. (Seyed Abdolvahab Taghavi, Fatemeh Bazarganipour, Siobhan

Hugh-Jones &  Nazafarin Hosseini,2015)

Many symptoms of polycystic ovarian syndrome are painful, unpleasant and

unpredictable which are associated with features that are culturally “non-feminine” and considered

undesirable. Previous findings indicate that women with polycystic ovarian syndrome feel

‘freakish’, ‘abnormal’, and not ‘proper’ women, reflecting the perceived inability to conform to the

socially prescribed characteristics of femininity. Teede et al stated that polycystic ovarian

syndrome is a frustrating experience for women and have negative effects on their mental state and

subsequently the patient’s HRQoL. In Himelein and Thatcher’s study, patients with polycystic

ovarian syndrome often experienced depression, isolation, anxiety and frustration. (Seyed

Abdolvahab Taghavi, Fatemeh Bazarganipour, Siobhan Hugh-Jones &  Nazafarin Hosseini,2015)

Polycystic ovarian syndrome is often diagnosed at the time in life when finding a sexual

partner, beginning sexual activity and marriage is important. Therefore, it is thought that the

femininity and psychosexual issues related to polycystic ovarian syndrome can cause substantial

distress for these women. Polycystic ovarian syndrome related changes in appearance may

contribute negatively to sexual satisfaction and sexual self-worth, possibly by affecting self-esteem

and female identity. Studies show that diseases such as polycystic ovarian syndrome cause loss of

body control and a sense of uselessness leading to a negative body perception. Women with

polycystic ovarian syndrome reported that they do not feel their body is sexually appealing. Our

results are in line with the findings of de Niet et al. showing that polycystic ovarian syndrome

symptoms might be negatively associated with self-esteem, body satisfaction, and/or fear of

negative appearance evaluation. It has been shown that not only the visible features of polycystic

ovarian syndrome, such as higher body weight and excessive growth of bodily hair, were related to
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increased experience of fear of what other people thought about patients’ appearance, but also the

absence of their cycle (amenorrhea) was negatively associated with fear of appearance evaluation.

(Seyed Abdolvahab Taghavi, Fatemeh Bazarganipour, Siobhan Hugh-Jones &  Nazafarin

Hosseini,2015)

It should be noted that the extent of infertility on HRQoL varies according to socio-cultural

factors, traditions, and religious beliefs. It is possible that women from different ethnic and cultural

backgrounds have a different perception of their body and sexual functioning, offering a potential

explanation for variation in experience. Iranian women who are infertile are under social pressure

to have children; therefore, infertility may have more impact on these women compared with those

from a Western culture. Our study was conducted in a developing country where the majority of

people were Muslims. According to the Islamic beliefs, marriage is most of all a way to procreate

and to ensure the formation of a family. (Seyed Abdolvahab Taghavi, Fatemeh

Bazarganipour, Siobhan Hugh-Jones &  Nazafarin Hosseini,2015)

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CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design

This study will utilize the descriptive correlation of research. This method will use since this

sought to discuss and describe the actual account of the variable namely: Level of Awareness on

Polycystic ovarian syndrome.

Research Local

This study will be conducted in ob-gyneclinics that caters gyne cases specifically on polycystic

ovarian syndrome in Kidapawan City, to determine the level of awareness on polycystic ovarian

syndrome.

RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY

The subjects of the study are the ob-gyne clinics who caters women who are diagnosed of

polycystic ovarian syndrome and the women who are diagnosed with polycystic ovarian syndrome

in Poblacion, Kidapawan City, North Cotabato.

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

A self-made survey questionnaire will be used to gather the data on the level of awareness on

polycystic ovarian syndrome in Poblacion, Kidapawan City, North Cotabato.

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RESEARCH PROCEDURE

The sequences of research plan made for the whole study in preventing wasting

time based on the allowed time given where they should secure permission from the Research

Adviser and the Mayor of Kidapawan City, orient the respondents or the subjects on purpose of the

study and instruct them how to accomplish the instrument or test, administer the research

instrument or conduct the research within the specific time frame, retrieve the duly accomplish

research or testing instruments, collect and tabulate the gathered research, compute the results,

make a conclusion based on the result of the study.

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NORTH VALLEY COLLEGE FOUNDATION, INC.

LANAO, KIDAPAWAN CITY

March 12, 2020

Dra. Norma Artes, MD

Madam,

Greetings!

Our group of Nursing Students will be conducting a research entitled: “LEVEL

OF AWARENESS ON POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME OF WOMEN IN KIDAPAWAN CITY”

this coming March 12, 2020 to study which is a requirement of our subject on Nursing Research.

In line with this, we would like to ask for your permission to allow us to conduct

the said study/survey in your clinic, for us to attain the said research work.

Your positive response will go a long way to help us in the completion of our

research study.

Thank you and more power!

Respectfully Yours,

Dela Cruz, Cherubim Lei D.

Gaspan, Maria Riena A.

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Level of Awareness on Polycystic ovarian syndrome of Women in

Poblacion, Kidapawan City

Direction: Please answer the question put a check ( ∕ ) mark in the column which corresponds most

closely with your personal awareness towards these particular questions.

Name: (Optional) Date:________________

Age: 15-20 years old ( )

21-25 years old ( )

26-30 years old ( )

31-35 years old ( )

36-40 years old ( )

41 and above ( )

Education: High School Level ( )

High School Graduate ( )

College Level ( )

College Graduate ( )

Religion: Catholic ( )

Islam ( )

Others ( ) specify _______________

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Rate Scale:

1. Not aware

2. Partially Aware

3. Aware

4. Very Aware

5. Highly aware

Questions Not Partially Aware Very Highly

PHYSICAL Aware Aware Aware Aware

1.)Polycystic ovarian syndrome is now well
recognized as having a major effect
throughout life of affected women,
physically and emotionally.

And polycystic ovarian syndrome sa ngayon

ay may malaking epekto sa buhay ng mga
apektadong babae, pisikal at emosyonal.

2.) Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is one of

the common hormonal disorder affecting
women.

Ang Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ay isa sa

pinaka karaniwang hormonal na
karamdaman ng isang apektadong babae.

3.) The exact cause of polycystic ovarian

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syndrome is unknown, but most experts say

that genetics play a role.

Hindi pa na di-diskubrihan ang sanhi ng

polycystic ovarian syndrome ngunit ayon sa

mga eksperto, namamana ito.

4.) Your risk of polycystic ovarian

syndrome may be higher if you have obesity

or if you have a mother, sister, or aunt with

polycystic ovarian syndrome.

Ikaw ay mapanganib sa polycystic ovarian

syndrome kung ikaw ay sobra sa katabaan,

o kung ang iyong ina, kapatid na babae o

tiyain may mayroong polycystic ovarian

synsrome.
5.) Irregular menstruation can lead to
infertility.

Ang iregular na regla ng mga babae ay

isang sanhi ng pagkabaog.

6.) Fertility treatment is to implement

lifestyle changes and proper exercise.

Para maiwasan ang pagkabaog, kailangan

ang wastong ehersisyo at tamang pag-aalaga

sa sarili.
7.) Combined (estrogen-progestin) oral
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contraceptives are considered to be the first-

line pharmacologic therapy for the

symptoms of the polycystic ovarian

syndrome.

Pinagsamang (estrogen-progestin)

kontraseptibo ay maituturing na unang

linyang parmasyutikong gamot para sa

polycystic ovarian syndrome.

8.) The common symptoms of Polycystic

Ovarian Syndrome include: irregular

menstrual periods, acne, obesity, oily skin,

infertility, multiple ovarian cysts and

abnormal hair growth.

Ang mga karaniwang sintomas ng

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ay ang

sumusunod: iregular na regla, acne, labis na

katabaan, mamantikang balat, pagkabaog,

mga bukol sa obaryo, at hindi normal na

pagtubo ng buhok sa katawan.

EMOTIONAL
Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

are at risk for depression and anxiety.

Ang babaeng may Polycystic Ovarian

Syndrome ay mapanganib para sa depresyon

at pag-alala.
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2.) Women suffering from Polycystic

Ovarian Syndrome are at risk in suicidal
ideation.

Ang babaeng may Polycystic ovarian

Syndrome ay mapanganib sa

pagpapakamatay.
3.) Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is a

frustrating experience for women and their

mental state.

Ang babaeng may Polycystic Ovarian

Syndrome ay dumaranas ng nakakabigong

karanasan.
4.) Women with Polycystic Ovarian

Syndrome often experience depression,

isolation, anxiety and frustration.

Ang babaeng may Polycystic Ovarian

Syndrome ay may sintomas ng

panlulumbay, paghihiwalay sa sarile sa iba,

pagkakabalisa at pagkabigo.
5.) Femininity and psychosexual issue

related to Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome can

cause substantial distress for affected

women.

Ang pagkababae at ang psychosexual issue

ng mga babaeng may polycystic ovarian

syndrome ay kadalasang dahilan ng

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pagkabalisa sa mga apektadong babae.

6.) Infertility associated with the syndrome

also had a profound effect on couple

relationships.

Ang pagkabaog dahil sa polycystic ovarian

syndrome ay may malalim na epekto sa

relasyon ng mag-asawa.
7.) In infertility treatment, a specific

timetable is recommended for intercourse,

and these schedules impacted the

naturalness of sexual activity between

couples.

Upang mabuntis ang isang babae,

kailangang sundin ang takdang oras para sa

pakikipagtalik at dahil dito, naapektohan

ang natural na sekswal na aktibidad ng mg-

asawa.
8.) Polycystic ovarian syndrome related

changes in appearance may contribute

negatively to sexual satisfaction and sexual

self-worth.

Ang pagbabago ng hitsura dahil sa

polycystic ovarian syndrome ng apektadong

babae ay ngdudulot ito ng nigatibong epekto

sa sekswal na kasiyahan at halaga sa sarili.

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