37

Name of Drug Classification and Mode of Adverse effects/Precautions Nursing Considerations

Action

Generic Name: Ketorolac
Brand Name: Toradol
Dosage given: 70mg IV every
6 hours 4 doses
- 30g IV now
Classification: Non-
steroidal anti-inflammatory
agents, non-opioid
analgesics
Mode of Action: Inhibits
prostaglandin synthesis,
producing peripherally
mediated analgesia
- Also has antipyretic and
anti-inflammatory properties
- Therapeutic effect:
Decreased pain
Side Effects: CNS:
drowsiness, abnormal
thinking, dizziness,
euphoria, headache—
RESP: asthma, dyspnea
CV: edema, pallor ,
vasodilation- GI: GI
Bleeding, abnormal taste,
diarrhea, dry mouth,
dyspepsia, GI pain, nausea
GU: oliguria, renal
toxicity, urinary frequency
Precautions:
Hypersensitivity- Cross-
sensitivity with other
NSAIDs may exist¨Pre- or
perioperative use- Known
alcohol intolerance
Use cautiously in: History
of GI bleeding, Renal
impairment (dosage reduction
may be required),
Cardiovascular disease
-Monitor BP upon
administration. < 90/80
never administer. Refer to
doctor.
- Patients who have asthma,
aspirin-induced allergy, and
nasal polyps are at
increased risk for
developing hypersensitivity
reactions. Assess for
rhinitis, asthma, and
urticaria.
- Assess pain (note type,
location, and intensity)
prior to and1-2 hr following
administration.
- Ketorolac therapy should
always be given initially by
the IM or IV route. Oral
therapy should be used only
as a continuation of
parenteral therapy.
- Caution patient to avoid
concurrent use of alcohol,
aspirin,

Name of Drug Classification and Mode of Adverse effects/Precautions Nursing Considerations


Generic Name: Metoclopramide
Brand Name: Plasil, Reglan,
Maxolon
Dosage given: 10mg IV every 8
hours PRN for nausea and
vomiting
Name of Drug
Action
Classification: Antiemetic,
Dopaminergic Blocker, GI
stimulant
Mode of Action: Stimulates
motility of upper GI tract
without stimulating gastric,
biliary, or pancreatic
secretions, appears to
sensitize tissues to action
of acetylcholine.
-Relaxes pyloric sphincter
which when combined with
effects on motility,
accelerates gastric emptying
and intestinal transit.
Classification and Mode of
Side effects: Restlessness,
Drowsiness, Fatigue, Insomia,
Transient hypertension,
Nausea, Diarrhea
Precautions: Previously
detected breast cancer
- Lactation
- Pregnancy
- Fluid overload
- Renal impairment
Adverse effects/Precautions
38
-Asses if the patient has
history of allergies to
metoclopramide.
-Monitor BP carefully during
IV administration.
-Monitor extra pyramidal
reactions, and consult
physician if they occur.
-Monitor patients with
diabetes, arrange for
alteration in insulin dose or
timing if diabetic control is
comprised by alterations in
timing of food absorption.
-Advice that drug increases
movements or contractions.
-Instruct to avoid alcohol
and CNS depressants.
Nursing Considerations

Generic Name: CEFUROXIME
Brand Name: ZOLTAX
Dosage given: 750g IV every
8 hours
- 500g 1 tab BID 7 days
Action
Classification: ANTIBIOTIC
Mode of Action: Second-
generationcephalosporin that
inhibits cell-wall
synthesis, promotingosmotic
instability;
usuallybactericidal.
39
Side effects: >Determine history of
Thrombophlebitis (IV site); hypersensitivity reactions
pain, burning, cellulitis tocephalosphorins,
(IM site); superinfections, penicillins and history of
positive Coombs' test, allergies particularly to
Diarrhea, nausea, drugs before therapy is
antibiotic-associated initiated.
colitis, Rash, pruritus,
urticaria. >Report onset of
loosestools.
Precautions:
* Contraindicated in >Absorption of cefuroxime is
patients hypersensitive to enhanced by food.
drug
* Use cautiously in patients >Notify prescriberabout
hypersensitive to penicillin rashes orsuperinfections.
because of possibility of
cross-sensitivity with other
beta-lactam antibiotics.
* Use with caution in
breast-feeding women and
inpatients with history of
colitis or renal sufficiency