PEDICULOSIS

Main Problem: caused by parasitic forms of lice, Pediculosis humanis: capitis head
lice, corporis body lice, phthiris public lice
Mode of transmission: direct contact
Incubation Period: 7-10 days
Clinical Manifestation:
⮚ Oval-gray-white nits on hair shafts
⮚ Itching
⮚ Scratching
⮚ Excoriation
⮚ Rashes
Diagnostic test: nits in hair follicle
Nursing diagnosis: alteration in comfort
Intervention:
⮚ Pediculoside
⮚ Mediker
⮚ Kwell shampoo
⮚ Vinegar solution (1:2 solution)
⮚ Hair care

PERTUSSIS
Main Problem: characterized by repeated attacks of spasmodic coughing with series
of explosive expirations ending in long drawn force inspiration, caused by
Haemophilus pertussis/Bordetella pertussis
Mode of transmission: droplets
Incubation Period: 7-14 days, period of communicability 7 days after the exposure 3
weeks after disease onset, highly communicable in the catarrhal period
Clinical Manifestation:
Catarrhal (1-2 weeks)
⮚ Slight fever in the afternoon
⮚ Colds watery discharge
⮚ Teary eyes
⮚ Nocturnal coughing
Paroxysmal (spasmodic stage 3rd week)
⮚ 5-10 successive forceful coughing ending with inspiratory whoop
⮚ Involuntary micturition & defecation
⮚ Choking spells
⮚ Cyanosis
Convalescence (4th-6th week)
⮚ Diminish in frequency and severity
Complications
⮚ Otitis media
⮚ Acute bronchopneumonia
⮚ Atelectasis or emphysema
⮚ Rectal prolapse
⮚ Umbilical hernia
⮚ Convulsions (brain damage-asphyxia, hemorrhage)
Diagnostic test: CBC, increase wbc, Nasopharyngeal swab, Bordet Gengou agar plate
Nursing diagnosis: impaired gas exchange
Intervention:
⮚ Erythromycin/Penicillin/Chloromycetin
⮚ Parenteral fluids
⮚ Prone position during attack
⮚ Abdominal binder
⮚ Adequate ventilation
⮚ Isolation
⮚ Gentle aspiration of tenacious secretions

PNEUMONIA
Main Problem: inflammation of the lungs associated with exudate in the alveolar
lumen which can be caused by bacteria, virus, parasites, etc
Mode of transmission: airborne
Incubation Period: 1-3 days,
Clinical Manifestation:
Pneumococcal pneumoniae
⮚ Rusty sputum
Lobar pneumonia (consolidation of all parts of the lobe)
⮚ Chills in older children
⮚ Convulsion in infants
⮚ Rapid rise in temperature
⮚ Chest pain
⮚ Hacking cough
Bronchopneumonia
⮚ Spiking temperature
⮚ Restlessness
⮚ Convulsion
⮚ Rapid and shallow respiration
⮚ Vomiting
⮚ Diarrhea
4 stages (acute)
⮚ Lung engorgement: heavy, dark red
⮚ Red hepatization: resembling the liver
⮚ Gray hepatization: with purulent fluid
⮚ Stage of resolution: inflammatory exudate is absorbed/expectorated
Complications:
⮚ Emphysema
⮚ Pericarditis
⮚ Otitis media
Diagnostic test: chest radiograph, sputum exam, bronchoscopy, blood culture, gram
stain
Nursing diagnosis: impaired gas exchange
Intervention:
⮚ Penicillin G, Erythromycin, Co-trimoxazole
⮚ Increase fluids
⮚ Promote rest
⮚ Keep warm
⮚ Back rubbing
⮚ Bronchial tapping
⮚ Place in side-lying
⮚ High calorie diet
⮚ Hydration
⮚ Encourage coughing exercise