N.D. Krishnamurthy to publish these teaching materials for the benefit of other learners. Kannada and Telugu materials were published as early as 1972 and 1975 with the collaboration of U.P. Upadhyaya and J.Nenkateswara Sastry, But the materials in other languages were not published earlier because the authors could not spare time to revise the materials and prepare the press-copy. Ultimately N.D. Krishnamurthy, U.P, Upadhyaya and M, Sadasivam could sit down and revise the Tamil Materials. during several sittings in 1997-99 at Bangalore, Udupi, Erode and Chennai. The original conversations which were in village colloquial forms were modified and Te-written in urban standard spoken dialect which is nearer to the written form. The system of transcription was also modified, Grammatical notes were revised. The conversations which were job-oriented in the earlier draft were made more general in nature, Drills and exercises were also tevised. It is hoped that the material thus revised will be useful to the educated adult learners who want to communicate with the Tamil speakers on matters of day-to-day importance. Contents analysis, note on phonetics, script lessons, useful and classified vocabulary list were also added at the end, Sincere thanks are due to all authors who collaborated in writing the final draft and also to the teachers who participated in the training programmes of Peace Corps volunteers. We are also grateful to Mr. Jack Bums, Director of American Peace Grops for permitting us to publish the material, & M/s kadamba Printers of Bangalore for neat printing, N.D. Krishnamurthy COMPONENTS Following ate the components of this text. Cycles ‘Yepical Focus Grammatical focus: Rituals Interrogatives Model Sentences (M-Phase) ‘A small bundle of material with one or two structures serving as a focus The general theme of a Cycle. The specific structures and grammatical elements of importance in a Cyele, Little bits of language which may or may not represent an important struc- ture to be learnt but which have practical every-day-conversation value at the time they are presented. Question words introduced in the early Cycles which allow the learner opportunity for self-discovery, Four to eight sentences, illustrating essential grammatical patterns of the language and of each Cycle. ‘They are arranged in order of declarative (or responsive) sentences followed by paired interrogative sentences.Conversations (C-Phase) Vocabulary Teacher's Notes Grammatical Notes : Supplements Fragments of — conversational exchanges which place sentences in the M-Phase in realistic context. All new items presented in each Oycle, Instruction of use of Rituals or little pieces of linguistic or cultural information which are not sufficiently important to be included in the Grammatical Notes. Statements and descriptions of the ‘form’ the language takes and the ‘function’ of the forms. Sound drills; specially created material which reviews and ties together prior Cycles; programme specific material, and various kinds of pattern drills, Cycles 1 to 40 have all these components in a fixed order. Cycles 41 to 50 are known as Self-discovery cycles which do not have all these ccomponents. For system of transcription and pronunciation please refer Appendix I Preface Components Cycle Cycle Cycle Cycle Cycle Cycle Cycle Cycle Cycle 9 Cycle 10 Cycle 11 Cycle 12 Cycle 13 Cycle 14 Cycle 15 Cycie 16 Cycle 17 Cycle 18 Cycle 19 Cycie 20 Cycle 21 Cycle 22 Cycle 23 Cycle 24 Cycle 25 Cycle 26, Cycle 27 Cycle 28 Cycle 29 ONonren+ CONTENT Page Numbers 103 109 118 123 131 139 147 155 161 169 175 183 191 197 203Cycle 30 Cycle 31 Cycle 32 Cycle 33 Cycle 94 Cycle 35 Cycle 36 Cycle 37 Oycle 88 Cycle 39 Cycle 40 Cycle 41 Cycle 42 Cycle 43, Cycle 44 Cycle 45 Cycle 46 Cycle 47 Cycle 48. Cycle 49 Cycle 50 Appendix 1 Contents Analysis Appendix 11 Jranseription and Pronunciation Appendix 11 Tamil Script Appendix IV Useful Classitied Vocabulary Items wa... 209 217 223 229 236 243 249 255 263 269 278 279 286 287 291 295 299 305 $09 311 313 333 337 952 ies -2. Focus: 1. Topical: Name, nationality and possession Grammatical: Personal Pronoun Personal Pronoun 3, Interrogatives : enn: Rial: vbiga vagakkam vanakkam, MODEL SENTENCES M1 |, nn amerikken 2. en per afriga ameribhacd ? + niiga-nan(You-l) ivar(u), avartu) (he-near & he- far) + Possessive form - ufga-en (your-my). ivar(w)-avar(u) (his near & his-fary Bhat - ts 2) use : see Learner's Note tam an American My name iy John Are you an American? What is vour name4 Conversationsl Tamil japaniyan, + Japanese rasyan = Russian vadyar * teacher manavag + student vivasayi . farmer. vyipari merchant In M2 Introduce proper names including your name and names, of students. [n MI, 2 and 3 substitute ivar(u), avar(u) for nan, en, ndriga. {In M4 substitute uiiga by avar(u) ivar(u) Learner's Note ninga = (actually a plural form) is an honorific pronoun for addressing the second person singular ina formal way, ‘You will learn the informal forms ata later date when you become more familiar with appropriate usages. wage" second person plural form in the possessive is wigal. {is dropped in spoken Tamil, ivar(u) avar(n) —« Thied person phural forms person addressed is near the speaker and 'avar(u)’ when the person is away from the speaker. ivargal and avargal are plural honorific forms and the final | is dropped in spoken Tamil ivar(n)’ is used when the Cycle 1 5 vanakkam - is used while greeting a person Mimic the appropriate gestures which accompany this utterance (by folding the palms of the hands), Grammatical Notes Form Tamil :{ nan | amerikkan English > U ‘American Lam an American, Tamil; [Wat [nin] vadyar [ar English : | no | 1 | teacher | not No, fam not a teacher Tamil amerikkan + 4? vadyar + & vylpari+y +a? Function 1 Equative sentences do not contain verbs. They are formed of {wo nouns or noun phrases where one noun or noun phrase is equivalent to another noun or noun phrase. e.g. avar vadyar “he teacher’ There is no article as such in Tamil, equivalentto the English auticles a, an and the In order to express negation ‘illai’ is used8 Conversational Tamil . Cycle 2 CONVERSATIONS i s cn . « ‘A, idu yaradaiya petti? Whose boy is this? A. itu yar pustakam? Whose book is this? : : : Badu avarudaiya petti That is his bos 8, idwivaradaiya pustakam This is his book (near) | A Asin seis sina Jane's bow? A. adu yar pustakam? Whose book is that? i B. illai. adwavarudaiya pettiyalla No. that is not his box. 8. adwavarudaiya pustakam That is his book (far). i Vocabulary + u adu = that 2 ; arai = room A. idu ydrudaiya setai? Whose shirt is this? j ss avar(u) = he (far) BR idu ennudaiya sattai This is my shit. avarudaiyadu —- (is) his (far) A. adv yérudaiyadu? Whose shirt is that? : : ida + this B. adv avarudaiyady That is his. var() = he (his) (neary Ss : ivarudaiyadu —-—_his is (near) A. iduuriga pénava? Is this your pen? : ennudaiyadu =~ mine B. ma, adv en pénitin Yes, that is my pen : katt + knife A. adu yar pend? ‘Whose pen is that? gadiyéram = watch B. adv jdmudaiya péné That is John's pen, : kudirai = horse sattai shire ca t saukyam fine /safe AL du niga vida? Is this your hous : tatty - plate B, ama. idu ennudaiya vidutan Yes, this is my house | i faa tundu + towel/ piece A. adu pittarudaiya vida? Is that Peter's house” B_ ilfai.adu pittarudaiyavidalla No, its not Peter's house. * counwY. adu jaoudaiyada that is John’s. chairLo Conversational Tamil sit past pen: pend pustakam méiai yarudaiya yicadaiyady Teacher's note In MI and M3 substitute *pustakam’ by the following. Ratti, arai, nackali, pai satt In C2, Replace et In C3. substitute pénd by katt, sattai. gadiyaram, petti In C4, substitute In C5, substitute pet by katt, kudirai Learner's Note Ritual; saukyami/nalamé, saukyam / alam use This is a formal way of beginning a conversation when you meet a known person after sometime (not daily) notebook, box pen book table whose whose is house udaiya with ivarudaiya, avarudaiya, unavdai by méjai tatu, tundu, narkali ete eadiyram. méjai pasu ete. Form Tamil English : Tamil English : Tamil English: : Tamil English Function + Grammatical Notes Cycle 2 Pronoun Possessive Non-humman suffix yar udaiya du F who 's is Whose is? ivar udniya du he 5 is ishis ungal udaiya du your 's is is yours en a-udaiya du + ny *s s mine is, ismine uw Hay Note that the pronouns are combined with a possessive marker with (the suffix ‘du") (o make ita pronominal predicate (by When a word of one syllable, of whick the vowel is short arid ends n a consonant. that consonant is doubled when, combined with a syllable or word beginning with a vowelConversational Tamil Paétiele ‘durof the object denotes betongingness in + eq ennudaiyadu 1 my mine avar avarudaiya —avarudaiyadu he his his ivarudaiya —_pustaham his book pustakam —— ivarudaiyadu book (is) his (pronominal predicate) eg: enrudaiya un + udaiya =u In spoken form udaiya is optional Tamil jin udaiya | du English: | John s is is John's Tamil idu | ydrudaiya | pustakam English This whose | book Whose book is this? petti+ y + @ = pettiya? petti + illai = pettiyillai pénd + v~4 = pénava pasu + v += pasuva? vidu* ida? vidu + illei = vidillad Cycle 2 13 Note that in the word jan. ‘0’ does not double as itis preceded by along vowel In this form also the English equivalent, of the verbto be' is generally not used. Note the addition of (i) y after the vowels i, i, € and ai, and (ii) v after other vowels when followed by any other vowel However if the u is at the end of a multi-syllabled word or preceded by a long vowel, itis dropped before another vowel and ‘v’ glide is not noticed. ‘Supplement Sound Drilt 'd' preceded by short vowel vidu to leave edu to take padu to.be down, lie down nadu to plant preceded by a long vowel vidu house edu book of palmyra leaf pidu tosing nidu euntry16 Conversational Tamit Cycle 3 o CONVERSATIONS A. aduellam? ‘Are ail those Kamala’s ca Kamalayin pustakama ? books? A. edu naila nay? Which is a good dog? B. aduellam livin pustakam Those are all Leela's books. B. adunallandy ‘That is a good dog. vocmuaary A Is this dog a good dog? anda + that (adj) B Thig dox is not a good dog avvalavi - thatmuch 2 inda = this(adi) ‘A. inda-k-har pudisa? (pudiyada) {3 this car new? enda + whieh (adj) B. ama inda-k-kar pudisu ‘Yes, this car is new edu = which ‘A. anda-k-barellam? ‘And those cars? kar car B. _ anda-k-karellim avvalavu ellém all pudisalla : Those are not so new, ketta ak 3 koi = cock ‘A. enda saikil nalla saikil? Which cycle is a good crnna ce ee staall cycle? saikil - gyele B. en saikil natta saikit My cycle isa good cycle. walla = good A, vélan saikil nallada? Is Velan's cycle good? nay - dog B: vélan saikil avvalavu Velan’s cycle is not su padan = picture 1 od ralladalla go bin Sad C4 periya - big A idwellim yarpustakam? Whose books are these” y puda = new B iduellim kamalavinpustakamy These are all pana = cat Kamala’s books.18 Conversational Tamit Teacher's Note In MI, M2 and M3 substitute the adjectives nalla and Pedisu by the following adjectives with suitable nouns. Introduce the following nouns also, ketta bad inna small periya big palaiya old piinai cat kali cock padam picture In M1 substitute idu by adu In M2 substitute inda by anda In M1 substitute nay by the other words denoting other animals In M3 substitute sal box, sattai ete l by other words denoting house, car, Learner's Note 1 Lear the difference between idu and inda. One is a demonstrative pronoun and the other is a demonstrative adjective “idu’ occurs alone whereas ‘inda’ is always followed by a noun. (¢.g.) This is good - This book is good (‘This book’ is nothing but the expansion of ‘this’) a Cycle 3 19 2. ella is used to denote entirity afer non-human nouns as well as human nouns. 3. Note that in Tamil, adjective nall with the suffix ‘du' is ‘equivalent to "is good one" is English. 4. Note that tle form periyadu ‘is big one’, has an alternative form in colloquial speech as perisu Grammatical Notes Form Tamil: | idu nalla nay English: | This 00d dog This is a good dog Tamil: | inda niy | nalledu English This dog | goodis This dog is a good one Tamil: edu nalla nay? English which ‘good dog ‘Which is a good dog? Tamit alla nay edu English Pood dog | which Which is a good dog? idu + ellam > idellim adu + ellam > adellim20 Conversational Tamil Function Here also we have equative sentences as mentioned in Cycle 1, Inthis form also there is no equivalent of the verb ‘to be’ in Tamil Note that in Tamil 'inda’ is used to particularise the subject of the sentence 3. Note that in Tamil the adjective good is used as the adjective - predicate with the suffix ‘du’. (Please referto the pronominal predicates discussed in Cyele - 2) 4. Note that the question word ‘edu’ can occur both at the beginning or at the end of the sentence. Note that in fast speech this is an exception to the grammatical note No. 4 in cycle 2 Supplement Sound Drills a! nalladu good one Kalam a measure vellam jaggery (country sugar) palli lizard tavalai a vessel art ulladu that which is kalam thrashing field yellam floods palli school tavalai frog Cycle -4 Focus: 1. Topical : Comparison, Contrast, Description ete 2. Grammatical : Demonstrative Pronoun and demonstrative adjective ivan ‘he' and inda-p-paiyan ‘this boy’, Pluraliser ellarum and ellam Derived adjective: noun + adjective suffix ana and -ulle Interrogatives : evan (who) singular, evaiga (plural) enda (Interrogative adjective) evaiga ellarum (who all) Ritual : appadiya Is that so? MODEL SENTENCES Mi te 1. ivan oyaramana paiyan He isa tall boy. 2. inda-p-paiyankullamsnavan This boy is short.22 Conversational Tamil Cycle 4 23 3. inda-p-patyanga ellarum All these boys are strong. ‘A. appadiya? g is it so? baleavolavetat kamalam arjvullavala? Is Kamalam intelligent?” ae B. kamalam avvalava Kamalam is not 4 evan oyaramana paiyan? Who isthe tall boy? arivollaval alla so intelligent 3. enda-p-paiyan kullamdnavan? Which boy is short? ca ° $ snda-p-paiyenga ‘Which boys are strong? ‘A. yarudaiya t6ttam alagina Whose garden is a balamullavatiga? tottam? beautiful garden? B. —méhanudaiyatéttam alagna — Mohan’s garden isa CONVERSATIONS ‘ttem bewutiful garden. a anda-t-tttam perusd? Is that garden big? eva oyaramana paiyay? Whois a tall boy? B. lla, anda-t-tétam avvalaya No, itis not big ‘kandan oyaramana paiyan Kandan is tall boy. perusalla, ‘ enda-p-paiyan kullamanavan? Which boy is shorter? Vocabulary rajan kullaindnavan, Rajan is short. appadiya _ Is itso? 2 ppadiys . avan = he (far) A. evangaellarum Who are all strong? balamullavanga%g =, alagana - pretty. B. anda-p-paiyaiga ellarum All those boys are strong. alukkana ~ diny balamullavaiga a : arivulla ~ intelligent appadiye? ivarigacllérum? Is that 30? All these boys? ivaiigacllirum balamillée These boys are not strong. wan co eine davaiiga oyeramana = tall o3 oyaramanavan = - tall boy ‘A. enda-p-penrombiaarivullaval? Which gitlis intelligent? “ailing All B. mala rombe arivullaval, ‘Malais very intelligent. oe 2 heh olliyana - dean24 Conversational Tamil allamana short saduramina square suttamana clean sugusuruppina = busy dadiyana = stout totam + garden balamulta strong balamullayan strongman pen - git Porumsiillida = impatient porumaiyulla patient paiyan boy mandamiga dull mukkénamane triangular romba - very vattamina + circular vayal = field TEACHER'S NOTE In MI and M2 phases use some more derived adjectives with suitable nouns alaganavan alagilladavay —-mandamana olliyanavan suttamana sucustsuppana Cycle 4 25 dadiyanavan alukkana porumaiyulla —_ porumaiyillada arivellavan arivillidavan In M3 and M6 replace inda-p-paiyaiiga’ and ‘enda-p-paiyanga’ by “ivadga’ and 'evaitga’. In C4 use the following adjectives with suitable nouns. vattamana vayal saduramana mukkonamina LEARNER'S NOTE 1. ivan / avan (He, near / he, far) is the singular 111 person pronoun. This can be used only with boys and persons inferior in status. With all other the more polite form ivar/avar should be used in singular (masculine and feminine). The plural is ivaiga and avaiga. cellarum ‘all persons’ (human nouns) is used to denote all persons ~ Note the difference in word for all things and persons ‘ellam' (human and non-human). The feminine singular form is used only with one's wife, near relatives and very small gitls - singular form is ival/aval (she, near and far) 4 appadiya ‘is that so!" This is used when what is said to you is contrary to your expectation; or when you want to express surprise at what is being told to youGRAMMATICAL NOTE 26 Conversational Tamil Tamil avan | oyaramana | paiyan English > | He Tall boy He isa tall boy Tamil inda paiyan |oyaramanaven English: | This boy tall is oyaram + ana+v+an agiv € ulla tv + an ariva + illdda + v + an kulla + maga + v+an 1 Suffix 2. Suffix ‘ull’ is added to a noun to make it an adjective. ul used more often when some inherent quality is expressed. 3. The derived adjective oyaramana is used as the adjective predicate with the suffix ‘an’ to denote Ill person singular male and ‘anga’ to denote III person plural (Note that in the Previous cycle the suffix ‘du’ 1s used to denote non-human singular), 4, For dropping of final vowel and insertion of -y-, -v- please ‘This boy is tall is added to a noun to make it an adjective, refer to grammatical note (4) in eyele no. 2 ‘SUPPLEMENT Sound Drill le valai kalai vilai malai Cycle 4 by net at price mountain tail bangle weed to grow sword bamboo tolike rain tiveFocus: 1. Topical: Location and counting 2. Grammatical : Postposition /-le}(in) Numbers - Cardinal - Ordinal tig - only Interrogatives : ettanai, ettandvadu (How many) (Which th) = (lit-I shall go & come) Ritual: pdittu va pOittu variga - (yes, you shall go & come) MODEL SENTENCES ML 1, enGrlé rendu hotal perisu In my town two hotels are big. 2. anda baslé manavadu In that bus the third boy is paiyan mani Mani. 3. unga drlé ettane hétal perisu? How many hotels are big in your town?30 Conversational Tamil 4, anda baslé evanavadu In that bus which boy paiyan mani? is Mani? (In which seat number Mani is seated) Conversations cL ‘A. viiga drléettane hdtal perisu? How many hotels are big in your town? B. en drlé rendu hota! perisu Two hotels are big in my town, A. enda hotal nalladu? Which hotel is good? B. Tajhéta! nallada Hotel Taj is good, c2 A. anda-t-teruvilé ettandvadu On that street which house vidu uige vidu? is your house? B. anda-t-teruvilé nflavadu vidu On that street fourth house en vidu is my house AL bildvin vidu? Bale’s house? B. bi Bala's house is the fifth house 3 ‘A. uniga vahuppilé ettane How many boys are tall paiyaviga nettaiyanavatiga? in your class? Cycle 5 31 B. ou paiyan tan netigiyénavan Only one boy is tall A. yarneuaiyanavan? B, — kannan tén newaiyanavan 1. uniga dfisilé ettanai pér dadiyanavanga? 2, onuttar tin dadiydgavar 3. yaru? 4. tirajéms Vocabulary aaju - afisu : Gru : ettu : ettanavadu - ettane - eu e onndvadu : onnu : ombadu Who is tail? Only Kannan is tal How many persons are stout in your office? Only one is stout Who? Mr. James, five office six town eight which (ordinal) how many seven firstone one sine33 32 Conversational Tamil Cycle 5 or = oneva oruttar ig LEARNER'S NOTE ~ one person tan iy 1 Ritual ; Note that in Tami! culture. while taking leave one ‘ti should not say ‘let me go! or ‘Shall L go’. The proper way m auISet would be "let me go and come” or “shall | go & come". So alu ee ile ‘poittavarrén’ and 'poittu vaiiga’ feat > tall 2. In forming ordinals 'avadu' is suffixed to all numerals Patty + ten 3. 'ivadu is also suffixed to the interrogative noun ‘ettanai’ to bassu Ss make it ordinal. Something like "which ‘th’ 'ettandmavan’ q pista ettandmavar are used with reference to human beings. 7 * ost is . mi p 4. When denoting number of persons, one person is denoted as = + three ‘oruttar’ and all other with ‘pér' suffixed to the number (e.2.) rendu = two nalu pér (four persons). vahuppu oo glass Note that onndvadu means ‘first’, and modal and modalavadu hétal ag also mean ‘first! with an additional shade of meaning “in the beginning of the series’ TEACHER'S NOTE 1. In M1 and M3 - substitute suitable names of towns oe I In x L au M3 substitute other numbers - ordinals - oC cardinals 2 Tamil en ae £ 2. jake the students understa id nd the di f iat ne ifference among the English OY a“ = onnu one oe oonavadu first ee ome one person igus te vi a.one oa Aes | aham ~ 16 - attilé34 Conversational Tamil Kola + 1é- kotattler sélam +18 sélattile POilu varrén While taking leave ofa person one has touse the SNoression, l will go and come back’ since ‘going’ used alone is considered inauspicious ‘Wvadu after intercogative numeral is used to el our response in ordinal numbers like first, second, third ete ettandvadu vidu ‘which house’ munavadu vidu “third house’ FUNCTION |. Note that Tamil has post-positions instead of prepositions, 2 ‘The suffix lef when meaning in’ isused only with non-human nouns. 2 Word final'u'is dropped before a suffix fits receded by a long vowel 4 Theconsonant d preceding the final'w' becomes W * The consonant r when doubled is pronounced like w 6 {in words ending in'm’, the tis dropped and ‘wu’ js Inserted in between the word and the suffix 35 cyele 3 SUPPLEMENT SOUND DRILL 1, Monosyllabic words with tong vowels kal leg nay dog pil rmilh pil flower val tail fin male 11, Two long vowels in consecutive syllables afisu office nagkali chair mindvadu third nalivadu fourth<= Cycle -6 Focus: |. Topical Specification 2. Grammatical : Post position - /-le/(expanded) ‘um - and (all nouns) 3, Interrogatives : yar - yar yar, (who, who is who) edu - edu edu; (which ones) inda-p-paiyangaljé ramagnum balaqum pocunrais " yullavanga anda-p-pénakkallé pailattum parkarum nalla penakkal ella-p-pengalleyum nalu pér kullamanavariga Today is Monday. Ritual: |, innakkiennakelamai? What day is today? 2. innakki-t-tinga-k-kelamai Model Sentences ‘Among these boys Raman and Balan are docile and patient. ‘Among these pens Pilot & Parker are good ‘Among all the girls four are short.38 Conversational Tamil mds-p-paiyaigall yiryar Among these boys who all Pocunaiyullavange? are patient’ 5. anda-p-péndkkalléeduedu Among those pens which nalla pa: are good? § _elli-p-pengalléyum ettanai per Among all the gitls how Kullamanavariga? many are short? CONVERSATIONS ch A. indappaiyaigatlé yar yar Among these boys who all Porumaiyyullavanga? are patient? B. indappaiyarigaléramanum Among these boys Raman Délaqum porumaiyullavariga and Balan are patient As appadiya? rendu pérténd? Is i? only two? B. ama, rendu per ta Yes. only two are patient, porumaiyullavariga 2 A: andappénakkalléedu edu Among those pens which alla pena? all.are good ones? Pailattum pérkarum nalla Pilot and Parker are péndkkal good pens. edu romba nalla péng? Which isa very good pen? Dachartég romba nalla péna Only Parker isa very ‘good pen. Cycle 6 39 ‘Among all the girls how lippengalléyum ettanai pet ellippengalléyum ettanai pe Anongel Oe kullamdnavaiga? Three are short. Is it? Who all? manu pér kullamanavaiga appadiya, yar yar? laté minu pérum — Rani, Meena and Lata. all ni. mi iil the three are short. kullamanavanga which ellattiyéttarléyum eduromba —_Ofall the theatres whic! is pretty? alaginadu? is pretty’ kapilittiyéttar tdn alagdnadu —Kapali theatre is pretty, lid® alagstnaditlaiya? Is Lido not pretty? avvalavu alaganadillai Not so pretty uviga kuumbatiléettane pét In your family how : many are males? angal? cen kudumbattil@ mia pér angel In my family three La ave males Who all? My grandfather, father and elder brother are yum, appavum, annavum angal males.40 Vocabulary akka annan appa anima araiga| angal innakki lla kudumbam kelamaj sanikkelamai sevvikkelamai tage’ tambi aud tidgakkelamat tiyétar ‘Sayitukkelamai nel Conversational Tami) + elder sister + elder brother - father > mother > rooms > males ~ today > all - family > day > Saturday - — smaltones + cinema - Tuesday > youngersister 7 younger brother > grand father > Monday theatre > Sunday > paddy pati b8dankelamai per : mararigal : meduvéna : raham tayil : vidugal : viyilakkelamai vellikkelamai véhamana f Teacher's Note | InMI substitute the porumaiyullavariga suttamanavatiga oyaramanavaiiga periyavariga vasadiynavariga Hl C4 In place of Cycle 6 4 grandmother Wednesday persons trees slow variety train houses Thursday Friday fast following in the place of ttar substitute rayil and accordingly substitute alaginadu by véhamanadu meduvanaduUL | y ée 42 Conversational Tamil Learner's Note Leara the names Of the days of the week kelama? (day) is arlably suffised to all the names of the days. Know the names of the days without suffixing kelamai inv: ‘ella! may be followed by human and non-human nouns e.g. elléppengalicyum ellappénskkalléyum ellirum will mean all persons. ellim will mean all objects and also all persons, The plural ofa noun is most commonly formed by adding ‘kal !'gal'to the nominative singular: (eg) vidu vidugal pen pengal paiyan This suffix is optional to non-human nouns e.g. pattu vidu / pattu vidugal ‘ten houses’ Grammatical Notes Tamil inda | paiyangalle English : | these boys | among among these boys Tamit inda hotalkallé English =} These | hotels among among these hotels : Cyele & ae tld hotalhalléyum ellép paiyangalléyum C1 rimagum batanum Raman and Balan C3 rani mind latd manu pérum Rani, Meena and Lata all the three persons Note the suffix -1&/ of famong is used both with human and ‘non-human nouns, (-le mesning ‘in’ is used with non-human nouns only. See grammatical note 2 under cycle 5) 2 Note that wheneverella’..le fs used to denote / among all /the panicle / -um / is added on to the noun after the suffix / lel : ‘There is no conjunction as such equivalent to ‘and’ in English They are expressed in the following ways (1) -um/is suffixed to each of the noun in the series (2) um? is suffixed either to the number or a cover term “persons? Supplement Sound Drill Single and double consonants 1 kulam tank pala many kullam short alla good4 MW kadai madai dai padu kattai mattal Sttai Patty ee < 7 Conversational Tamil shop shutter stream lie down log bat hole silk Cycle -7 Focus <1. Topical : Specification and counting 2.Grammatical Genitive suffix -udaiya ‘of /in'of romba adigam - too much 3. Interrogatives : enna? enna vilai ‘what price?” Ritual : 1. néttu enna kelamai? What day was yesterday? 2. nalaikku enna kelamai? What day is tomorrow? cn vénum —— want/need véndim — don't want/ need Model Sentences Mi 1. anda sattai marijat neram The colour of that shirt isyellow416 Conversational Tamil 2, en penavin veram karuppu 3. idu parte riba 4. anda sattai enna neram? ‘uhga péndvin neram enna? 6 idwenna vilai? Conversations ct A. anda sattai enna necam? B. adumarijal neram A. ufiga sattai enna ngzam? B. en satieyuin marijal necamtan, cz A. indappavadai enna vilai? B. du irundigie riba A. appadiya? andappodavai vilai? The colour of my pen is black The price of this is ten rupees What is the colour of that shirt? What is the cotour of your pen? What is the price of this? What is the colour of that shire? The colour of that isyellow. What is the colour of your shirt? My shittis also yellow What is the price of this shirt? The price of this is Rs. 200/-, 1s it? The price of that saree? Cycle 7 7 adu elupatiaiju riba The price of that is Rs. 75/- adu enakku vénum {want that tuni enna vilai? What is the price of this cloth? mmittar afju riba arupady paish Five Rupecs sixty paise per meter, adu enna vilai? What is the price of thar? adu mittar ombadu riba Nine rupees per meter, ombadu ribaya? Nine Rupees? rombaadigam That is too much adu enakku véndim I don’t want that takkali kild enna vilai? ‘What is the price of tomato per kilo? Kil6 pattu riba One kilo ten rupees appadiya? romba adigam 1s it? That is too much inda-ttakkali vilai koraivy ‘The price of this tomato is less adu enna vilai? What is the price of thar? idu hil6 embadu paisa The price of this is eighty paise per hilo. ade enakku vénum H want that- Conversational Tamil irubadu - urulaikkelaige embadu. elubadu “koraive sippy50 Conversational Tamil Teacher's Note Substitute the names of the different colo urs in MI and change the nouns accordingly paccay green nila blue Karuppn black cevappu red 'n C2 names of the pieces of dress may be used In C4 names of purchasable items (¢.g.) cippu ‘comb kannadi ‘mirror’ may be used. Learner's Note : ‘udaiya fin: the possessive is optionally used witha noun £-8.andap péndvin neram / andap péndvudaiya neram / andap pénd neram The colour of that pen. Note that /-um/ may be suffixed to any noun and i fakes the meaning of also’ ©. Sattaiyum - shirt also ‘Grammatical Notes Tamit anda sata maiijal |neram English that shirtyellbu colour za The colour of the shirt is yellow. cycle 7 i Bt udniya eran Kaguppe Tamil fen pena English <[ My pen of colour black The colour of my pen is black pend + udeiya - péndvudaiya Both ‘in’ and -‘udaiya’ are’ possessive markers. Note that the suffix -udaiya/in is optionally used with a noun ‘i 2 ‘Apply sound change rule as in grammatical Note No. 4 in eycle No.2 Supplement (1) Narrate the information in | person (2) Frame questions in {I person eg.avar(u) amerikkar kan, ninga amerikkara? nan ami 1. avar pér Kannan 2. avar oru daktar 3. indaecevappup pénd avarudaiyadu, 4, andap pustakam avarudaiyadillai ‘endak kar avarudaiyadu? 6. iduellim pustakanigal 7. avarudaiya saikil nallada? 8. avarudaiya vit manu arai perisu 9 avarudaiya sattai pacce neram.Cycle -8 Focus: Topical > Comparison Grammatical Degrees of Comparison -ai-/ vida -er)'than’ of all -ellaraiyum vida ‘than all (haman) ellattaiyum vida (non-human) Interrogatives > edaivvida ‘than which’ yarai vida ‘than whom’ Ritual: mundi ney enna What day was it kelamai? day before yesterday? nalannakkienna What day is it day after tomorrow? kelame? Model Sentences ML paccaippe! The green pencil is smaller pensilei vida-e-cinnada than the red pencil Ladihdtatellitaiyam vida Lodi hotel is the best of all romba nalladw hotels.Cycle 8 38 54 Conversational Tamil . ; beautifel . sitaiclldvaiyom vida Sita isthe most {Siar llsriyan videsomba ita ithe most beaut poo seule tai aloganavar naval of all nee 1 Paceippenslledsi dae, The groen pencils emaller 3 vinnady? than whic one? hae ls Madras bigger than > tduelistaiyom videromba — Whichis the bes hotel peu Delhi? nalle hte? 2 fallanoia ofall B. illai, medias diliyai No. Madras is not bigger 6 yar ellaraiyum vida romba Who is the most beautiful vidap perusalla than Dethi, Seen van dilliyai vidae cinnadu It is smaller then Delhi Conversations Ac ambaxonatal vigag: Is it bigger than c. pend Kumbakonam? Oe ae is bigger then 7 Patesippensiledaividac- The green pencil iamaler Bima, kumbaksnatiai vidap Yess cinnadu? than which one? perisu ‘Sembakonant 8 biggest ofall B. _paccaippensit sevappup- The green pencil is smaller A. eduella draiyum vidap- sh "eB pensilai vidaccinaadu than the red one, perusu? towns : ue biggest A. elléttaiyur vida rombac Which is the smattest B, bambéiella iraiyum vidap- Bombay is the biggs cinnadu edu? of ail? perusu pealbens: B. _allappensieltippensitaiyum Blue pencils th Vise eeeeenataty y . Vocabulary ‘vida rombaccinnadu + smallest ofath oo ippil alam =~ apple fruit ia vi ; ‘ = han whieh ‘A. tala yirai vide alaganavar? Lata is more beautiful edai vida Ma ol than whom? ellataiyum vida - than all (non-human) 5 IMG prémaval vida sagavavar Lata is more beawitl ellardiyum vida ~ than all human) Be bene gangaiyiru ~ the river Ganges A Narellitaiyum vide Who is the most beautiful nutrient alaginavar? ofall? sattulla5 c Conversational Tamil putian clean sOmbéri ay > lazy (man) a ikku day after tomorrow nilamana - Tong palam - frit puttisily - intelligent pensil + peneil mativana ‘cheap aug undanétty + day before yesterday valamana fenite vida than Teacher's Note WWM 1.M2 and M3 substiwte suitable adjectives: Making use of the following nouns (using the suffixes - sémbéri puttisali suttam valam palam satus Learner's Note 1, tn Tamil there are no suffines added to adjectives to denote :nglish/-er/ (-est/ comparative and superlative degrees as ia Ivida/ follows the noun compared. cllitaiyum vida (fornion-heman)ellaraiyum vida (for humans) are used for superlative degree Note : edu * ai = edai vida - than which Grammatical Notes 1 Tamil. [ paccaippensil | cevappuppensil | vidaceinnadu English: | Green pencil | red pencil | than small is ‘Green pencil is smaller than red pencil. Tamil : | lata | prémavai | vida | aleginavar English: | Lata Prema than | beautiful is Lata is more beautiful than Prema, il Tamil paceaippensil | ellattaiyumvida | cinnadu paccaippensil | ellippensilaiyum | vidar cinnadu English Green pencit. | ofall than ‘of all pencils than small is Green pencil is the smallest of all pencilscycle 8 38 Conversational Tamil amit sitai] ellicaivum vida ellappenealais um vidal ‘Supplement - mparative and superlative | rame ten sentences expressing eamparative and sup: 7 ing the following nouns and adjectives. English Sita | ofali than ees using estes je of all girls than beautiful is List of nouns aah Sakae uttamana Sita is the most beautifu! of alt Sirls, hotal birindayan bay tulla ML elfim + vida -ellétaiyum vida appil palam ea ellarum + Vida ellaraiyum vida henatt ha perisu I. edu vida -edai vida pail yaad malivinadu V_ rombaccinnadu nilamagedv the comparative marker ‘vida’ a 2 é £ 2 are added to ellam (all things) ellérum (all persons) or any other noun phrase e.g. elléraiyum vida,” ellappengalaiyum vida, ellacaiyum Vida, ell@ppensilaiyum vida 3) 'm’is dropped before ‘ eyele § S suffixed. Note grammar point in 4) 'W'is dropped before aiis suftixed, Note grammar point 5 in Cycle 2 $) Note that 'romba' has further emphasis which might be Cotitiared to heavy stress asthe in English : the smallest rombac cinnady Note ;romba isan intensifier which ean occur before adjective and adverb, romba alagina very prety. comb meduva- very slowly Perens“Varadan hastwo elder “brothers, ‘This room has four windowsConversational Tamil ungalukku ettan How many children haye kolandaigal? you? varadapubky ettanai annan? How many elder brothers hhas Varadan? inda agaikku ettanai jannal? How many windows has this room 7 angalukku ettanai kolandaigal? How many children have you? enakkumiinukolandaigal —_{ have three children, ettanai an ? ettanai pen? How many males ? How many females ? rendu Two males and one female, varadanukku ettanai annen? — How many elder brothers hhas Varadan ? Varadan ukku oru annan Varadan has one elder brother, ertanai ambi? How many younger brothers ? rendu tambi Two younger brothers Cycle 9 inda yittilé edu unga acai? rendavadu arai ennudaiya an vasal ? uriga araikku ettan; ennudaiya araikku oréyoru vasal van appadiya ettanai jannal 2 engudaiya araikku natu jannal namakku ettanai varam fivu? namakku aru varam five jan pallikkidattukku ettanai masam livu? avanudaiya pallik\idatwuhhu ‘oru masam livu 03 LS Which is your room in this house” The second room is my room. How many doors are there to your room ? Only one door to my room. Isit? How many windows? There are four windows to my room, How many weeks of leave are there for us ? There are six weeks leave for us. How many months leave do you have for John’s school” There is one month leave for his school64 Conversational Tamil Cycle 9 65 Vocabulary Teacher's Note attal + paternal aunt Substitute in M1 and M2 the following words ain = male ‘annen periyappa periyamma enakku > tome tambi citappa citi kadavu + door mama kolandaigat = children attai sit + Maternal aunt (younger to mother) In M3 substitute the following words : janoal > window vittukku periyamma + maternal aunt (elder to mother) visal inps = now kadavu nant oe MOTO ETE: / In C4 substitute eigalukku for namakku and teach the difference. five + leave Substitute masam, nal for Varam varam . week Learner's Note mite 7 eas 1. When a thing is possessed by somebody or something or pallikkiddam = school when a thing is owned by somebody. the person is not i ees expressed in nominative form but he is expressed with dative case suffix "ku" uigalukku = toyou Z eg, (1) |havetwo children - to me are two children sndsam + month enakku rendu kolandaigal “Asal SMranse: (2) There are four windows in cittappa ~ Father's younger brother this room. this room has four windows: 4 inda araikku nalu jannal peris appa fs Father's elder brother66 Conver: ‘ational Tamil 2 “Sometimes you may hear ‘enakku rendu kolandaigal irukkiranga. iscukkiratiga is a form of the root ‘to be” From next eyele onwards you will learn the forms of the verb “to be’ where itis explicit Grammatical Notes Tamil enakku | rendu | kolandaigal English tome two children Note the dative case suffin.(k) ku added to subje Thave two children, of Ihave, you have ete the sense 2. Note the various sound changes when the oblique form is ‘combined with /-ku/ : nominative nay alga ndnga nam oblique en uiga eiga nam case ending ku ku ku ku dative case form enakku (tome) ufigalukku (to you) enigalukku (to us) exclusive of person addressed famakku (10 us) inclusive of Person addressed eon adresse Cyele 9 ‘Supplement Read the time from every watch e.g. nalavadu gadiyarat kal mani 4 6 67Focus : Topical Grammatical Interrogatives Ritual : sacidatiga Cycle -10 > Location + verb “to be” present tense, suffix /le- (in) non human nouns. Singular and Plural eigé where eitanai how many enda which Yes, l understand, 0.K. Model Sentences Mi 1. gadiyaram araiyilé irukku The wateh is in the room 2. en vidu kumbakénattilé My house is in hu Kumbakonam. 3. naluvlaippajam paiyilé There are four bananas in iruhku the bag. 4. gadivdram eigd irukhu? Whore is your watch?70 Conversational Tarnil Cycle 10 n vide vidu eg irukhu? Whereis your hovse 2 As saridiige.paiyiléarja Yes, Are there oranges 7 f irukka? in the bag ? 6. ettansivalsippstam paiyilé How many plantains are sags therein ie beg? | B._.illai,paiyile valaippalam No, only plantains are tin irukku there in the bag cL : ca A. gadiyivram cigé irukku? Where isthe watch ? Q FA, idaiyilé uruaikkelaigu Aren't there potatoes in B. —gadiy@ram arsiyilé irukku The watch is in the room. inaiya? hcbide? ar araiyile? oom? Sie ace A yaaa Tents room B. lai, kidaiyilé urulaikkelangu No, There are no potatoes B. en appavin aravilé irukku. Its in my fathers room ai in the basket. A. saridiiga,takkalipaiyilé Yes, 0.K.,arethere cz : 5 irukka? tomatoes in the bag ? aga vidu efigd irukku? use? . : ga vido enge ira ‘Whete I your hates B. imi, takki paiyiétin irukku. Yes, there are tomatoes in B. en vidu kumbakénattilé My house isin the bag. jeu Kumbakonant: A. ottane takkali irakku ? How many tomatoes ‘A. endat teruvité irukku ? Which strect itis? : ate there ? B. pindhi teruvilé irakku isin Gandhi street B.pattut takki irukku There are ten tomatoes. A. — saridaniga, uligaannag vide? Yes, | understand, where is a os your elder brother's house ? B. en angdn vidu sélattiléirukku My elder brother's house is pe An Mangus tattle esanat Hote marly covaita lees ‘alan tennaimaram irukku ? are there in Kannan’s garden? 3 i oe B, kannag téuattilé There are 15 coconut trees ‘A. eltane valaippalim paiyilé How many plantains are | padinaiju ennai maram in Kanna’ garden irukku? there inthe bag ? : Ree : irukku B. nélu valaippalom paiyilé ‘There are four plantains in inokkw the bag.72 Conversational Tamil satiddviga, vére enna Yes, what other trees maram irukku ? are there B.rendu ma maram irukku There are two mango trees ‘mottam ettanai maram irukku ? Totally how many trees are there? B. mottain padinélu maram: Totally there are 17 trees. itokku Vocabulary iranu + orange imaya malai + Phe Himatayas irukku is eri ” lake Kadai - basket saridaiga yes. understand, 0.K. siipiriyar 2 supetlor’ fennaimaram coconut tree marani + ee malai - mountain ma maram + mango wee pai bag vee = other Cycle 10 23 Teacher's Note Substitute suitable nouns and names of places in the M phase name of vegetables, trees name of rivers, mountains aliga, ingé vali, pidai ‘way’ Learner's Notes 1, irukku is the third person neuter singular present tense form of root iru ‘to be” Plural construction is not used in spoken form in non-human (neuter) The negative form is ‘illai* 3. Notice that the question word can occur anywhere in the sentence and depending upon its location it will change emphasis and meaning (see grammatical Note No.4) 4, See two new lexical items - vérd (other) and mottam (total) used in this lesson Grammatical Notes 1 Tami gediyaram | araiyile Truk English: | time: room piece in is The time-piece is in the oom74 Conversational Tamil Tamil gadiyéram | eng irukku? English: | time-piece | where is Where is the time piece 2 Tamil: [ paiyilé [satu pensil | akka English : | bagin | fourpencils is There ate four pencils in the bag ettane paiyilé pensilirukku? In how many bags are there the pencils 2 Paiyiléettane pensil irukku? How many pen there in the bag ? Are there pencils in the bag? are paiyilé pensil irukka ? Note that the question word can occur anywhere in the Sentence and depending upon its location it will change ‘emphasis and meaning. Note that the verb always comes at the end of the sentence (whether itis a question or a statement) Note that in non-human nouns no difference is made hetween singular and plural either with the noun or with the verb, cycle 10 is Supplement HL Picture of a town A street in the town a Shop-cycle-car-someone on cycle- tree-dog - are the objects in the street. Assume that this is your town. Describe the town us following words and others that you may thiak of Vidu house kadai shop tekké to the south mékké to the west palam fruit ahalamaga teru broad street manu maram three trees ‘Assume that this is someone else’s town and ask questions about his town. Develop a small conversation - vegetable vendor and @ customer - bargaining prices of vegetables,smasam maduraiyilé Mala was in Madurai last # ‘mont eWe Vy 19 78 Conversational Tarnil Sys ey re is She now? 5. mala pona masam engé Where was mala last A. ippaerigd irubhiral? Where wate a srvaal? month? 8. ipp6 tiruchiyileirukkiral Now she isin Trichy 6. ‘nitiga eppd amerikkavilé When will you be in iruppiiiga? ‘America? 3 A. nitiga eppd amerikkavile” ‘When will you be in cL iruppiiga? America? jin ipp6 enigé irukkirat? Where is John now? B, nan adutta varusam {shall be in America next jin ippo vitileirukkirar John is in the house now. ameribkavile iruppen ae A B. A. véré yar vittilé irukkiratiga? Who else are there? A. . enda masam arigé iruppifiga? In which month will you be B. there? en appivum ammayum ‘My father and mother are e irukkicaign dine B. mémasam afgé iruppén { shall be there in the month of May. enna sonninga? ‘What did you say? # (Beg your pardon) A. aligé niliga yar Kida With whom will you be iruppiaga? there? B. en appavum ammavum ‘My father and mother are y irukkiririga there. B. aigénin villiyams kida {shall be there with " z isuppén Mr. Williams c2 Vocabulary ‘A. pana masam malé eage Where was Mala last adutta = next irundal 2 month? samaiyal ari <= > Kitehen B. __pdnamasam mala She was in Madurai anbargal ~ friends econ padukkaiarai bed room A. ettanaimasem How many months was she pallikkidam ok irundal? in Madurai? e pona(masam) = —_last (month), B. minu masam maduraiyilé For three months she was E ae irundal in Madurai. Bete » whe ~ otheraq Conversational Tamil Teacher's Note [In MI and M2 substitute proper nouns by other nouns and Kinship terms and the following en nanbar my friend Ba Vittiyar your teacher en appa my father liga amma ‘your mother kadaiyilg in the shop pallikidattile” in school padukkai araiyilé in the bed room samayal araiyilé in the kitchen {m M3 substitute nan by other personal pronouns such as niga : ‘wet niga é ‘you, avaiiga : ‘they’ ete, Learner's Note |. Note that in Tamil the verb comes last in the sentence ©. jan vittilé icukkirdr Note that a word vase ‘other’ is used in this lesson. Know the meaning by usage in the following exainples véte yar who else? Vére pén ‘other pen vére vidu other house vere enna What else? | cyele 11 Grammatical Notes Tami iin vitile irokkirae Fuglish John house in is John is in the house, Tamil le ian itukkiede English > house in John is John is in the house Verb Tense Verb (Pers) 0 be marker ending iru kr Pr ir iw nd 82 én iw pp wr aga Jag inukkirir Jobu is nin irundén 1 way nidga —iruppifiga you willbe he Present tense marker vd Past tense marker pp Future tense marker a82 Conversational Tamil Note thatthe interopative pronouns and nouns are shifted in the Sentences to change meaning ot emphasis (in the firs sentence in the box the emphasis is on, ‘ohn’ and in the second it is on ‘house’) Nai fs & negative form ofthe auxiliary root to be! used in present and past tenses without any change of form, eg John is not in the house, Catis not in the house, Supplement Sound dritt 1 or ari to-cut into pieces Karai bank (of a river of tank) kurai to bark aram file pt ari to know karai stain kurai defect am virtue 83 Cycle 11 ode! given below II. Frame four sentenes using the chart in the model g Present Past Future 1, rdmasimi jdlai madurai 2, varadan me baigalir 3. balan vélir i sélam 4. mani 5. kamala march truchi Jisam maduraiyilé irundar model : rimasémiMos -12 Focus : Topical Location and space Grammatical: ‘The verb to be - Human and ‘non-human nouns Post positions : on under infrontof behind inside outside me KE munoilépiggilé ole vee ae o° Directionals- vadakke —_tekke idkke bglakke north southwest east Interrogatives : efigé - where?, enna - what? Ritual ; meduva solluiga (lt) ‘say slowly’ MODEL SENTENCES M1 1. pega méje mélé irukku The pen is on the table. 2. kiidai méjekkuk kilé irukku ‘The basket is under the table, 3. m@han vittukkullé irukkisar ~— Mohan is inside the house. 4. pénd engé irukku? Where is the pen?86 Conversational Tamil Cycle 12 87 5. kadai efigé irukku? Where is the basket? A. pastafisukku vadakké bériku 1s the bank to the north of 6. indhan evigé irukkinde? Where is Mohan? irukka? Post office? B. illai, post afisukku vadakké No, the bank is not on the a : béiku ila north of Post Office. AL pend efigé irukku? Where is the pen? ‘A. benku efigé irukku? Where is the bank? B. pena méje mélé irukku The pen is on the table, B. _ batiku past afisukkut tekku The bank is on the south A. kidateingg irukku? te is the basket? nalu vittukku apram of the Post office four se irukku houses after that. B. — kiidaimejekkuk kileirukku The basket is under the table, 2 a a aictne L A. patél teruvilé unga vidu Where is your house in A. _-mahan erie irukkirae? Where is Mohan? ue jirukku? Patel street? B, oh isi m aha Mohan is inside the house, B, _patél teruvile enga vidu rim My house is opposite to A. eijanum yittukkulle“iukkicafa?_ 1s Rajan also inside the hétatukkuedieé irukku —__- Ram Hotel in Patel Strect. : house? ‘A. ufiga vittukku vadakké ‘What is there on the north B. _ illai. réjan vittukku veliyé ‘No, Rajan is outside the enna irukku? of your house? irukkira ‘ tee Te B. efigavittukku vadakké oru There is « park on the A. uiiga tambi crigé? Where is your younger | park irukku north of my house, brother? B, — tambi kadaiyilé irukkirdr He is in the shop. Vocabulary apeam then 3 : ulle + inside A, tiga vitukku ediré enna What is opposite to your ediré +5 eppanite irukku? house? se ai > ladder B. efiga vitukku edicé past afisu The post office is opposite = irukku to my house. i kelakku - Easta8 Conversational Tamil wie . under sollaiiga = please rll tekku = South pinnalé + behind madi = upstairs mungalé + infront of meduya > slowly mékku + West mele above vadakku = North veliyé + ouside Teachers Note }. In MI and M2 substitute suitable nouns and use éni (ladder) midi (upstairs) 2, I M3 substitute personal names by other names and by the following raivar driver avarudaiya akka his elder sister udaiya annag_ my elder brother 3. tn C4 use the following also in appropriate places behind South mathe West ke lakhe bast Cycle 12 89 Learner's Note ‘Note that in the sixth sentence in C2 111 person singular form is used. When small boys or servants are referred to, the singular form is used, The corresponding feminine form is “irukkiral’ avay ange irukkirin He is there aval irubhird(l) She is there Grammatical Notes L mejai + mls = méjai male méjaikku mele HL méjai mugnalé méjaikku mun méig pinn éjaikkup pinnalé UHL, méjaikkuulle méjaikkuk kilé ukku veliyé vittukku ediré vittukkut tekké 1. Post position mélé (on) is suffixed to the noun. Hl. Dative case suffix *hu' is optionally used when the noun is followed by the post position munnalé (before) and pinnélé (behind). IML, Dative case suffix 'ku' is obligatorily used when the noun is followed by the following post positions : lle. kilé, veliyé and directionats Tike tekké90 Conversational Tamil Supplement © Look atthe picture. Frame five sentences using the following post- positions uae ediré pinnalé kil munnalé Focus ‘Ritual Cycle -13 + Topical: Location and invitation Grammatical; The verb 'to be' with adverbs, post-positions : valadu pakkam “right side’ edadu pakkam ‘left side? naduvilé ‘between and in the middle of* Srattilé ‘at the border’ Oblique forms of pronouns with ‘ku‘ dative case suffix Interrogatives : ‘eiige’ where, enna, yar efc tirumbaccolluaga .... Please say it again MODEL SENTENCES M1 1 nakkali janukku munnalé ‘The chair is in front of John. irakku petti enakku valadupakkam The box is to my right side. irukkuNe 92 Conversational Tamil 3. métipitiarukkum jatukkum naduyile irukkird! nakkili emg@ irukku? etige irukku? 6. méri elgg irukkical? CONVERSATIONS cL ‘A. nakkali engé irukku? nikkali jagukku munnalé irukku A. peti efgé irukku? pettijénukkup pinnae irukku A. pettieng@ irukku B. pettienakku valadu pakkam irukku ‘A. ungalukka pinnalé enna irukku? enakkuppinnale pustakam irokku A. enna pustakam? 8. oru tamilp pustakam ory Mary is between Peter and John. Where is the chair? Where is the box? Where is Mary? Where is the chair? ‘The chair is in front of John. Where is the box? ‘The box is behind John. Where is the box? The box is to my right side, What is behind you? The book is behind me. What book? One Tamil book and one English book are there. ® Cycle 13 adv rendum yarudaiya postakam? adu rendum kamala pustekam plitar eag@ ieukkigar pittar mérikku valadu pakkam irukkicde ja mérikku endappakkam irukkitar. jay mérikku edadu pakkam irukkitdr. mériyar yérukku naduvilé irukkirar, méri pitarukkum janukkum naduvile irukkirée uufiga tOttam efige irukku? tSttam vittukkup pinudlé irukku tOutattife kenaru irukka? to lattife kenaru irukku 93 Whose books are both of them? Both of them are Kamala’s books. Where is Peter? Peter is to the right side of Mary. On which side of Mary is John? John is to the left side of Mary. Between whom is Mary? Mary is between Peter and John. Where is your garden? The garden is behind my house. Is there a well in the garden? There isa well in the garden |94 Conversational Tamil c4 A. kenagu efgé irukku? Where is the weil? B. adu t6ttattu naduvilé irukku The well is in the middle of the garden, A, tGutattilé ma maram irukka? ~ Are there mango trees in the garden? B. véli Grattil rendu maram Two mango trees are along irukkw the fence. Vocabulary edadupakkam == deft side Sram - edge endappakkam = - which side keparu > well tirumba - again totam - garden naduvilé - inthe middie pakkam side ma maram, = mango tree valadu pakkam right side veli fence ‘Teacher's Note In M1 and M4 substitute ndkkali by other nbuns and objects found in the class room i | Cycle 13 95 In M1 and M2 use the following post positions. pinnate valadu pakkam ediré edadu pakkam In M2 and M4 substitute petti by other nouns Learner's Note 1. Note that in Tamil 'naduvila’ has two areas of coverage in English (ic.) between’ and ‘in the middie of. (e.g.) In C3 sentence No. 6 méri pittarukkum janukkum naduvilé irukkirar (between) ‘In C4 sentence No. 6 kenaru tOttattu naduvilé irukku (in the middle of) 2, Learn the use of the word ‘Gram’ which means border, edge’ Srattilé - along the border - at the edge narkali / nakkali ‘chair, Note that in fast speech ris dropped and the following k is geminated. 4. Note that in C, adu is singular, but used in the place of plural, The actual plural form is avai'those’, Grammatical Notes Tamil: [meri | pitarukkum) janukkum | naduvilé irukkirée English Mary Peterand-| John and | between is Mary is between Peter and John96 Conversational Tamil aguvilé is used in the meaning of hetween-thern Tami Kenarw | tattautw naduvié | inikku English well} garden | inthemiddleof | is The well is in the middle of the garden. naduvilé is used in the meaning of in the middle of when itis used as a post position after a noun. Instead of naduvile, ivilé can also be used, Supplement : tut rim tia balan Look at the above pictures and answer the follow ing questions 1. fila yarukku valadu pakkam irukkirar? lilavukku edadu pakkam yar irukkiri dmuvukkum balaqukkum nadvsilé yr ivukkirie? 4. WG yar yarukku naduvilé irukkicdr? 5: balan yarukku edadu pakkattilé irukkirar?: 6. v&li Gratiléettanai maram irukku? kenaru eigé irukhu? Cycle -14 Focus Topical Description - Climatie condition « ‘Tastes Grammatical = The verb to be’ (all tenses) affirmative and negative Adverbs derived from nouns imadiri- like Inerrogative + eppadi (how) Ritual: but MODEL SENTENCES ML 1. bambai romba alaza irukhu Bombay is very beautitel. 2, bambai nyt yark madiri irukk Bombay is like New York 3. alvé inippa irundadu Halva was sweet tn April it will be sunny in Delhi 4. Spral masam dilllé veyy ila trukkum98 Conversational Tamil 3. bambai eppadi irukku? 6 bambai enda nagaratie-p- pola irukka 7. alvi eppadi irundadu? 8 Epral masam dillilé ‘eppadi irukkum? CONVERSATIONS ci A. bambdi eppadi irukku? B. _ bambai romba alaga irukku ‘A. nyd yark madivi perisa? B. nyt yark madiri persillai AL lam irukku alva eppadi irundadu? aly; A B. ipa irundadu A. laddu eppadi irundadu? B. aduvum ippayttap ieundadu A. ippé dilliyité eppadi iukku? ippé dilliyilé kulira irukku. How is Bombay? Bombay is like which city? How was Halwa? How will it be in Dethi in the month of April? How is Bombay? Bombay is very beautiful. Is it big like New York? It is not big like New York, But there are many big buildings, How was Halwa? Halwa was sweet How was laddu? That also was sweet, How is it in Delhi now? Now itis very cold in Delhi esisomenvvonecenen Cycle 14 99 A, pral masam eppadi irukkum? How will it be in April? pral masam veyyila irukkum In Aprit it will be sunny A. innakki vanam eppadi irukkum? How will the weather be today? B. natty or€ malaiya irundadu Yesterday it was raining malaj irukkadu B, —ndlaikku? A. adlaikku nalla veyyilfyirukkum Vocabulary alva . anal é inippy . uppu : “uppuma : sppadi : elumiccampalam - ore : hasappu : continuously. But it will not be so rainy today. Tomorrow? ‘Tomorrow it will be very sunny. a sweet meat but ‘sweet salt A south Indian dish how Jemon ‘completely (continuous) bitter100 Conversational Tamil Kattadam + building atu breeze Karam = hot tastey; chilly hot kulir = chill neraiya = full, much pani frost pulippu = sour mappu mandaram - cloudy malai * rain mambalam = mango fruit méham + cloud laddu + asweeimeat vadai - asayoury jangiri = asweetmeat * Teacher's Note nM] and M2 substitute ‘alaga’ by the following and change the nouns accordingly. perisa cxcusé In M3 substitute ‘als’ and ‘inippa’ by the following laddu iftigiri inippa irvkku mambalam sieercnrenencgerarnerer Cycle 14 101 vadai karama uppuma uppa pavakka Kasappa irukku elumiccambalam pulippa In Md substitete ‘veyyila’ by the following derived adverbs (change place names) foggy windy. mappum mandaramuma cloudy irukku méhama cloudy Leamer’s Note 1, Note that in Tamil the adverbs are formed by suffixing /-8/ to the nouns. 2, The patticle ‘ore is used before the adverb to denote continuity of the state or intensity, (e-g.)oré malaiyayirundadu = It was raining continuously oré pulippayirskku ——- It is very very sour 3. Note that alagd is adverb (beautifully, nicely) and alagana is adjective (beautiful, nice) ‘is beautiful’ "beautiful gicl alagayirubku alagaoa pongu Grammatical Notes 1 Tamil ippd | malaiyaty) | irukku English Now rainy is Now itis rainy102 Conversational Tamil M malai+ a > malaiya alagu > a + alaga veyyil +8 + veyyild Mi iru+nd+udu > irundadu (was) WW. irut kum > irukkum (will be) Vi irukk+@+du > jrukkadu (will not be) |. Note that in Tamil the adverb always precedes the verb. is an adverb marker which is suffixed to the noun, Note the sound changes. “malaiya’ is also used in the sense of continuous raining, NL, ‘This is the past form of the verb ‘to be’, IV. This is the fature form of verb ‘to be’, V.. This is the negative expression of the verb ‘to be’ in the future. (In the present and the past the negative form is ‘illai’) Supplement Mateh the following and frame sentences : mambalam krama yirukko elumiccambalam _ inippa yirukkw simbir polippa yirundady vadai uppa yirukkum eee Cycle -15 Focus: Topical ~~ Movement Grammatical = the verb ‘to go’ (Present and past tenses) Interrogatives eigé - where? yar- who? &n- why? Ritual: adanalé.... so, because of that MODEL SENTENCES Mi 1. jan hotalubkuppérar John is going to hotel, 2. adutta masam malati fransukku-p-porae Malathi is going to France next month.- alae 1s going to Franc nex! month,106 Conversational Tamil Cycle 15 107 Vocabutary In M3 substitute ‘avarudaiya piranda nal by i dumurai nal adanalé ae 30 én - why Learner's Note balaiyilé 2 inthe moming 1. '@n' is a marker of sentence interrogation. It ean occur any 2 where in a sentence. kéyil - temple syn = etn (eg)[ en avange Koyilukkup Why they to the temple padam - picture : = = avatiga | én ‘kéyilukkup piranda nal > birthday they why. to the temple varam ~ week ‘avaiiga | koyilukko vidumuraindl =. fioliday they to the temple avariga | koyilukku Teacher's Note they tothetemple | went In MI substitute "hétalukku' by the following cinimavukku ‘ttattukku : 1. verb root vittukku afisukku $6 dillikku, . po and change the names of persons, 16 In M1 substitute ‘jan’ by nan, niga, avaiiga and change the ps verb accordingly. 2 . ; U Tamil In M2 and MS substitute ‘masam' by varam, varusam and | days of the week. . English Why did they go to the temple? Grammatical Notes Tense Verb marker ending : én (LP singular) t ‘m(1 P plural) £ 22 (11 P plural) © ‘iiga (IU P plural) nan paren I am going108 Conversational Tamil Tamil naliga porsm English we Tamil ninga English you | are going Tamil: [avaiga | poringa English they | are going péndiga Ul. The past tense is denoted by /-n/ ‘Supplement |. avaiga sayaigilam vitukkuppdrifiga Frame questions by using yar, eigé, eppd UL. Frame sentences using the following frame nag niga natty po natiga nalaikki avariga ips model : han néttuppdné | Focus: Topical Grammatical Interrogatives Cycle -16 + Routine activities + The verb "to go' (Present, Past and Future; negative form of yerbs) Ablative case 'tirundu' (from) : enge? ‘where?’ Ritual + aprom / opram ‘then’ Use i When you are telling something and when one enquires what afterwards, you start with ‘then’ (aprom) and continue MODEL SENTENCES ML 1 Afisukkuppohale. 2 marti nalaikku- Kadaikkuppoham au: néttu ninga vitilirandy Afisukup poniigala? 4. mirtindlaikku-k- Kadaikkupporard? Yesterday I did not go to office from the house. Murthy will not go to shop tomorrow. Did you go to office from the house yesterday? Will Mucthy go to shop tomorrow?Conversational Tamil 140 CONVERSATIONS ct oe A néttu nifiga vittilinindu Afisukkupponinigala? B. nda vitulirunduy iffsukkuppohalé A. Sn Gfisukkuppénalé B. markettukkuppéng A. siparmarkettilirundu B. spar markettilirundy nan zivukkuppénén 2 A. marti enge? B. —mérti vittilé irukkirac/irukkar A. nalaibki avar kadaikkuppi B. _ illaindlaikkiavar adaikkuppoha mattir A. niviga nalakkipporingala? B. _ ndinum nalaikkup pohamatt Did you go to office from the house yesterday Idid not go to office from the house yesterday. Why didn't you go to office? I Went to Super Market. Where did you go from Super Market? From Super Market | went to Zoo. Where is Murthy? Murthy is in the house. Will he go to shop tomorrow? No. he will not go to shop tomorrow. Will you go tomorrow? | too will not go tomorrow. i i : : Cycle 16 A. ippd nliga : cinimavukkupporingala? B._ippé ndiiga sinimavukkup- pohalé A. engé poririga? B. ndtige parkkukkuppdrom A. aprom etigé périaga? 1 Are you going to cinema now? No, We are not going to cinema now, Where are you going? We are going to Park Then, where are you ‘going? B. —aprom porutkkatcikkup- Then, we are going to porom exhibition, Vocabulary apram/aprom = then orut katei + exhibition maidénam, + playground theatre mirkettu + market Teacher's Note 1. In MI and M2 substitute ‘néttu' and ‘ pona varam adutta ona masam adutta dna varusam adutta ‘ndlaikki' by the following : vitam masam varusam12 Conversational Tamii UE In M2 substitute kadaikku by mitketukhu—— Grukkw maiddnatukhu — maduraikku tiyéntarukku Leamer's Note In fast speech the infinitive marker ‘ha’ with the verb to go'is changed tov! /'h’ 8. pohalé - pavié - pahig Pohamdttéy has alternatives pomautén and povamattén In most cases the Present tense is used to denote future also. ©, nélaikkuppdraiigala? instead of ‘nalaikkuppova; “Are they going tomorrow?” instead of “will they go tomorrow” Grammatical Notes affirmative negative shale vier nis pohaleé/pavlé/panié wan pares 1 20 t i ie Cycle 1é W3 ain povén | nan pohalé/pohle’ povle 1 shall go | I donot go, | did not go. will not go pahamattén / povamauten I shall go {shall not go, 1 may not go lirundu house from from the house The negative forms are obtained by adding to the infinitive form of the verb in all the tenses the corresponding future negative is expressed by adding ‘mat’ to the infinitive form of the verb before the personal terminations. M1. lirundu is used with non-human nouns in the meaning of ‘from! Supplement: Transformation Drilt ‘Transform the following into negative sentences 1. nn Kal@jukkupponén avariga vittukkuppovarige 3. jannalaikkukkadekkupporar 4. tafgam pallikkudattukkuppdval / povwh ime 2 varie - fiveo' clock116 Conversational Tamil 4. narman efgirundy ettane manikku vandar? 5 niga nal ikku eviga vittukku vartinigala? 6 mohan eppé varcar? Conversations cL A. nrman eigirundu vandae? 8. narman dilfitirundu vandar A manikku vandar? B ‘il manikku vandar A B. itigitundu ndlaikki maduraikkuppérir cz ‘A. mani, vinga, vanakkam 8. vanahkam, vidukkullevétiga AL niga nal ikki ehga vittukku varinigala? B. ndlaikki varalé. boden kelame At what time and from where did Mr. Norman came? Will you come tomy house tomorrow? When is Mohan coming? Where did Norman come from? Norman came from Dethi At what time did he come? He came at six fifteen 'Mgirundu eppd maduraikku-p- When is he Boing from here to Madras? He is going from here to Madura tomorrow, Mani, please come, Helio! come inside. Will you come to my house tomorrow? Uwon't come tomorrow. Iwill come on Wednesday Cycle bodan kelame varadinga vellikkelame vaiga vellikkelameya? kalailé varén dlailé vaiga mohan eppé varae? 7 17 Don't come on Wednesday.” Come on Friday Is it Friday? | shall come in the morning. Alright, come in the morning. When is Mohan coming? méhan aiju manikku vararu— Mohan is coming at enda drilirundu varar tiruchiyilirundu varar five o'clock, Where is he coming from? ‘Coming from Trichy. i 2 edilé vardru? vimanattiléya? By which (transport)? By railleya? vimanattlé varie yar kida vardru oruttarum avarkdda varalé Vocabulary are a edilé 3 oruttarum, * kal : plane or by train? ‘Coming by plane, With whom is he coming? Nobody is coming with him half in which (by which) no one quarter118 Conversational Tamil Kudire vandi + Horse cart matty vandi + Butlock cart mukkal + three fourth vyarkida + with whom reyil train vinga = please come varddiiiga don'tcome iraiga + come (they) vandaru + came (he-honorificy vazire + wilkcome (he-honorific) varale - did notcome vimai = Aeroplane Teacher's Note In MI substitute 'arékat by nalékal ‘dlé mukkal nilare aaje iru ombadu 'nC4 substitute viménatiléya? railléya? by waviléya? matty vandiyiléya? skittariléyi? ——kudice vandiyiléya? 19 C2 substitute 'bodan kelame’ by the other words denoting other days of the week. eee oe Cycle 17 119 Learners Note vatiga - this is an honorific (singular/plural) imperative form meaning. 'Please come’. The corresponding negative form is 'varadinga’. Whenever ‘kal’ (quarter) and ‘mukkal' (three fourths) are to th whole numbers ‘is added to the numerals to on. be used denote ad e.g. nalu + kal - nalé kal (four and quarter) nalu + mukkal - nalé mukkal (four and three quarters) b. but ‘arai’ (half) is directly added to the numeral e.g. nilu + arai - nalarai (four and a half) ‘edile’ is used in Tamil where 'in which’ on'by which’ is used in English ¢-g, edilé vardru? by which is he coming? (literally) 4. oruttar means one person When ‘um’ is suffixed to oruttar before any negative verb it means ‘20 body' or ‘no one’ €.g. oruttarum varalé - nobody came Grammatical Notes Verb root 'va' (to come) 1. Present Tense ‘avar They come (var-aru)120 Conversational Tamil (var + inga) nay irén 1 come (var = én) niga vigom We {exclusive} come (var + 6m) nama varom We (inclusive) come (var + om) 2, Past Tense avat vandir(u) He (honorific) came avatiga vandiiige (va + nd + biga) 1 they came 2) they (honorific plural denoting a single Person) came niga vandiiiga (va + nd + iiga) you came ¥9u (honorific plural denoting a singe person) came nin vandén I came (vat nd + én) nihga vandom (va * nd = 5m) We (exclusive plural) came ‘nama /ndmba vandém (va + nd + 5m) We (inclusive plural) came : 7 | : l | Cycle 17 121 3. Future tense avaruvaruviru (vara + v4 aru) He will come avaiga varuvitiga (varu + v + diiga) They will eome nifiga varuvinga You will come (vatu + v + inga) nan varuvén Ishall come (varu + v + én) naga varuvom — (vary + v + 3m) We (exclusive) shall come nam varuvom —(varu + v + dm) We (inclusive) shall come 4. yarkiida - with whom 5 vinga - Please come vardditiga - Don't come please (vara + 8% d+ inga) 6 Note that nan varalé means "I will not come’ varamattén means ‘I_may not come’ emphatic form of the negative, which connotes unwillingness and resistance. The verb root ‘va’ becomes ‘varu’ before the future tense marker, Personal terminations are added after the future tense marker'y’ Sociative case marker kida meaning ‘with’ is added to 'yar (who) to have the meaning “with whom”122 Conversational Tamil {98/8 the imperative plural marker which is also used'in the Second person honorific singular with the root of the verb Negative imperative is expressed by the negative marker i. Note that “ilga isthe imperative marker which is added to the negative marker (@/and the present tense marker etc.) Supplement murugag aijékal manikku nanbarkida Kaléjukkuppéndru rundu Read the above sentence and frame five interogatives to get the following points in answers, 1. afjé kal manikku 2. murugan 3. kall@jukku 4. vittitirunda 3. nanbar kida ec, Cycle -18 Focus: Topical + Recreation Grammatical: ‘The verb which takes 'n' in the past tense Interrogatives: ‘eppd' (when) enna’ (what) Ritual: pésuiiga (please speak) pésidiigs please (don't speak) Model Sentences Mi 1, mérisippu variginal Mary bought a comb, 2. jay néttuk kadallé nindindr John swam in the sea yesterday. 3. mérienna vaiginal What did Mary buy? When did John swim in the sea? 4. jn eppé kadallé nindinar124 Conversational Tamil Conversations c. A. nétta méri eigé péndl? Where did Mary go ‘yesterday? B. néttu méri kadaikkkuppd Mary went to the shop yesterday. What did she buy? sippu vaiiginal She bought a comb, A B A. péstum vag’ Did she buy paste aiso? B. A illai, péstu vaigalé No, she did not buy paste. sippu eigé variginal? Where did she buy. the comb? BL mark ginal She bought it in the market. cz ‘AL nbttu uiga kuda jan vandiré? Did John come with you yesterday? B. ama, vandiru Yes, he came. AL enna seydaru? What did he do? B. avaru kadalla nindinaru He (honorific) swam in the sea, Av eppé kadallé nindinaru? When did he swim in the sea? B néttu sdyandiram kadalle He swam in the sea nindi yesterday evening, e i [ | i | : % , 3 As nifiga tamil pésaririgli Cycle 18. 125 2 Do you speak Tami? 8 amd nan koijam tamil pésarén. Yes, speak alittle Tamil A. Susan tamil pésuvali? B. aval pezamatial Vocabulary aru < kolam : Kida : sippy . sey . tédu : indy : bird, : pésu : madi : markket “ Will Susan speak Tamil? No, she will not speak. river il door sea mirror tank with comb do search for swim cupboard speak Upstairs (fest floor) market126 Conversational Tamil maidinam playground mada close médiram ~ ring vatigu = buy velaiyddu - play Teacher's Note 1. In MI substitute ‘sippu' by the following : (a) (b) () sOppu (soap) kannadi(mirror). ennai (oil) In M2 substitute ‘jan’ by Susan/avaru/niaga and change verb endings accordingly. Substitute ‘kadallé’ by 'kolattilé! (in the tank), attilé (in the river), Use the following words in appropriate contexts, velavidu —skilu maidanam vidu (play) (school) (playground) (house) ted are madi bins petti (search (room) (upstairs) (cup (box) for) board) soppe —madirattai——_sattaiyai (the soap) (the ring) (the shist) madu kadavai jannalai pettiyai (close) (door) (window) (box) LOrieenae nent Cycle 18 127 Learner's Note |. Lean the polite imperative (affirmative and negative) forms of the verbs used in this lesson 2, Note that the verb comes last in the sentence : ‘méri sippu variginal - Mary bought a comb. Note that the question word comes (1) just before the verb; iginal? - What did Mary buy? méri enna (2) or just before the word on which you want to ask a question: ia eppo kadalle nindinaru? - When did John swim in the sea? Grammatical Notes |. vatiga (buy), vétigirén (buy), vaiginén (bought), vaiguvén (will buy), nindu (swim), nindarén (swim), \n (swam), ‘ninduvén (wii, swim). The verbal roots such as vafigu (to buy) and nindu (swim) have tense marker'n' in the past,'r' in the presenit and 'v'in the future. indy + a+ Ié - nindalé (did not swim) Note that the infinitive marker is'a' in these verbs and (‘ha’ in Cycle 16) UL. nay (the dog) nindudu (swims) nindiccu (swam) nindum (will swim) Note that in Tamil, the past tense marker ‘i’ is used in third person neuter forms before the personal suffix ccu/ is usedused in singular and plural. masculine, feminine and neutet Prescot Past Future Negative ntnitve Verb ro in third person 1 buy vaigu vaigren vai, vahge IV. © nindadu < nindu + & + du will nt swim’ ‘does not swim' (is third person neuter singular) speak talk psu paso s pésuvén pésalé psa ‘hal is the negative marker which is added to the verb root, 3, swim —pindu— nindgén ninduvén nindalé —ninda ‘Supplement Answer the following questions 1. alliga kadaiyilé enna vasiginiiga? What did you buy in the shop? velai- veldiya- velai- 4. play yaduven dalé yada 5. search téduvén wale fda wg 6 close miguvén midalé mada 2. niliga enna molilé pésariiga? In what language do you speak? 1. write luduvén eludalé luda 128 Conversational Tamil Cycle 18 19 Note that future form with um (e:g. nindum ‘will swim')is 7 Verbs i | i : i ‘ 3. nliga nétueigé pinliga? Where did you go ' i yesterday? 4. niga dinandérum kadallé Do you swim everyday in ninduringala? the sea? | 5. nitiga ndlaikku pallikkiidattilé ‘Will you play in the i velayaduvirigala? school tomorrow? ' Note: Note that in all the questions the nominative form used is ‘ninge’ (you) and hence the answers will have the nominative ‘ form ‘nag’ (1), yInterrogatives nin gindi patti oru pustakam — I read a hook about Gandhi padicc ce 3 : My mother slept at nine o'clock,132 Conversational Tamil nifiga new enna pustakam, What book did you read Padiceinga? yesterday? 6. Kamala siyangalam enna What did Kamala drink in kudicedl? the evening? uiga titd etianai riba How many rupees did your kudutar? grandfather give? 8. ammé ettanai manikku-p. Atwhattime did your padutidriga / paduttar? ‘mother sleep (lie down)? Conversations cL A. niga néttu enna padiccitiga? What you read yesterday? B. nan gindi patti oru pustakam Padiccén I read a book about Gandhi A sttane manilirunde ettane mani vare padicciriga? From what time to what time did you read? B. ratsi ombadu manilicundu pattu | read from nine o' clock to mani vare padiccén ten o'clock, A. -kamala sayangilam enna kudiccal? What did Kamala drink in the evening? B. kbkok8la kudiceal (She) drank eoco-cola A niniga enna kudiceiiga? Bo ona What did you drink? nia kudiccén drank fant. = Cycle 19 133 niga tiyum kudiccingala? Did you drink tee also? ilte, tikkudikkaté No, | didn’t drink tea. triga téttd eppd drubkup When did your grandfather go to the home town? ponaru/ponaniga? He went yesterday, unakku ettanai riba kuduttdiiga? How many rupees did he give? enakku aiju riba kudutfaiga He gave me five rupees. yarukkup pattu riba kuduttafige? To whom did he give ten rupees? en tambikkup pattu riba kudutdiiga He gave ten rupees to my younger brother. amma tnge? Where is mother? Mother is steeping in the room ammé arailé tingrange | ‘wigardru When did she (lie dawn) go to bed? ettane manikkup paduttaiga? She went to bed at nine ‘o-clock ombadu manikkup padutt niiiga ettane manikkup When will you go to bed? paduppitiga?ra 1 sin padindra manikbup pauppé Vocabulary irambi uri ir kugi kadu tai pati padi alam mitdyi varukku venti Teacher's Note Conversational Tamil J shall xo to bed at eleven o'clock begin peal village drink give stiteh about ead fruit sweets fo. whom shoti 'n MU substitute gandi patti ou pustakem padiccén by : indip paidam Koko kola Patlam saltai (Hindi Lesson) arambikkirén (begin) feoco-cola) —Kuatkkirén (drink) (fevity urikkirén (40 peal) (shirty taikl (stitch) Cycle 19 135 Jo M3 substitute ‘asta’ by other kinship terms In) M3 substitute ‘icu eiba’ by other objects usually presented and change M7 accordingly. (e.g) sattai (shirt). vetti (dhoti). bommai (doll), mitt (sweets) In M4 substitute ‘amma by other kinship terms given below and change M8 accordingly uncle annan'elder brother’ mam aital aunt appa father tambi younger brother att grand father akka elder sister patti grand mother tarigai_ younger sister Learner's Note 1. When referring to time the English expression from ... to .. have their corresponding Tamil formsas... lirundu.... vara #8. From nine o'clock to ten of clock -ombadu manitirundu pattu mani varai (See C1) The use of question word ‘to whom’ is expressed as yarukku! in Tamil (Refer C3), The answer will be indirect object of the verb €.g, en tatta tambikkup pattu riba kuduttdiiga My grandfather gave ten rupees to my younger brother Grammatical Notes 1. nd padikkirén (present). padi + kkir +n Tread136 1 mL, Vv ie HL Conversational Tamil an padiceén (past) padi sce + én Jread padiecen Aa padippén (future) padi + pp + en Twill read Padippen nan kudukkieen, nan kuduttén ~ kudu + kit + én (present) ~kudu + t+ én (past) nin kudupp. + kudu +p» én (future) Verb root Tense marker padi+ kkie- padikkirén £¢ padiceéy PP - padippén kudu + kie- kudikkirén tt kudutén PP - kuduppén padikka + I8 = padikkale Kudukka + é = kudukkalé The verb root padi (read) and kudi (drink) take Kir as the resent tense marker /ce/ us the past tense marker ‘and /pp/ as the future tense marker, The verb root kudu (to give) takes ‘kkit/ as the present tense marker and /t/as the past tense marker and ppl aa the future’ tense marker. The tense markers such as kid: cand /-p are realised as UMIGl beet and (opi respectvely, when they are added t0 the verb roots sonsisting of short vowel in, the initial syllable before the verbal suffixes beginning with any vowel, Cycle 19 137 IV. The negative is expressed by infinitive + the negative marker ‘+Iei Refer Cycle 171 Supplement Transform the following sentences into interrogatives by using ‘ninga’ as the subject : Model ‘an tamil padam padikkirén I read Tamil lessons a; Do you read Tamil lessons? niga tamil pidam padikkiririgala? What lesson do you read? aiiga enna pidam padik 1, natiga lilavaiccandicem WemetLeela 2. nan fanté kudikkicén drink fanta 3. niga nayai adicedm We beat the dog 4. ni palatal urikk I peal the fruit138 Verbs: Past Future negative infinitive Present Verb root Tamil padikkale — padikka én padippé én padicei read Conversational Tamil kudikkale — kudikka kudippi kudicegn Kudikkisdn drink drambikka urikka drambikkale bippén arambiccén dram en ki Srambi begin urippén uriecén peal taikkale ——taikka én stiteh adikka adikkale adippén ifn adiecén agikkirén adi beat visirikkale — visdrikka én visaripp ccén kudukkale — kudukka ey Kuduppi kuduetén Kudu kudukkigén give padokkale — padukka én paduppé én pagutt padu padukkirén, lie down Focus: Cycle - 20 Topical Daily routines, common actions ete. () The verbs which take ‘ij’ in the past. Grammati (2) The verbs which take nd’ in the past, + yétkitte (to whom), eppadi (how), ‘enna (what), eppd (when). ettanai manikku (at what time) Interrogatives Ritwat: parava illai - Doesn't matter Model Sentences ML U threw the hammer to Peter. suttiyalai piuarkiué eriajén (1) Mala was drenched in the rain yesterday. mald nétu malailé navies nay birdvai ipo dan terandén 1 opened the bureau just now140 Conversational Tamil 4 jim kalaiy ie eu manikku Jim got up at sin o’ctock in elundin the morning, 5. edai-p-pintarkiuéerifjiiga?” — What did you throw at Peter? 6. _ malémalaiyilé eppadi vanda(l)? How did Mala come in the rain? 7. nitiga birévai eppé terandifiga? When did you open the bureau? 8. jim kalailé ettane manikku At what time did Jim get elundar(u) up in the morning? Conversations ct pittar eigé? Where is Peter? B. pillar éni meté irukkiraru Peter is on the ladder. nitiga pittarkitte er What did you throw to enidjinga? Peter? B. nan suttiyalai pittarkitté erifjén 1 threw a hammer at Peter. ec A. mala néttu eigé péna(!) Where did Mala go yesterday? B, avasinimivukkup pond(l) She went to cinema. malaiyil® eppadi vandal] How did she come in the rain? B. _méldnéttu malsiyilé nanaiijal_ Mala was drenched in the rain A. avahité Kodatillaiyé? Was there not an umbrella with her? B. illai No. Cycle 20 ‘A. jim kalailé etiane manikkw elundi B. jim kalaiyile a elundar nifiga eppé elundiiga? nan ombadu manikku elundén ‘dy néttu pannandu manikkut tn paduttén ada AL paravayillai 4 AL end B, nan dan A. niliga eppé tirandiaga? B. nan ippo dan tirandén A. en pénavai yar eduttéiga teriyuma? B. df teriyumé! ammadia eduttaiiga Vocabulary adan: adv goat 1a 1 did Jim get up in the morning? Jim got up at six o'clock in the morning, When did you get up? | got up at nine o' clock. Why? I went to bed only at Io! clock. So, | got up late, Iedoes'at matter. Who opened my bureau? Only L opened it When did you open it? l opened it just now. Who took my pen? Do you know? O!1 know. Mother only took it : edu + totake142 Conversational Tamit eri to throw et = togei up éni - ladder karumbu + sugarcane kudirai horse hodai = umbrella g6dumai - wheat sivigam + tion suttiyal > hammer ti = open nanai - loget drenched nella + paddy piy + to spring pindi - late matai a) méy + tograze varkiud + towhom velai = toxcow véhama = fast Teacher's Note 1 In M1 substitute ‘suttiyalé’ by other objects which can be thrown and change M5 accordingly Cycle 20 143 Ini ail Aniyai hayiu rope kay ierai pandy ball pandai in M2 substitute ld’ by other proper nouns and change M6 accordingly, () © {n M3 substitute ‘birdvaittirandén’ by : baagalirlé valndén’ ‘manu mayil nadandén’ and substitute M7 accordingly Frame conversations with the following pasu/ madu ‘The cow grazed / grazes méijudu / méyudu Adu / ménjudu/ méyudu The goat .... kudirai / méijudu The horse. /méyudu sifigam vehamap The lion sprang fast / paijudu / payudu springs up fast (vetb pay - to spring upon) Puli vehamap paijudu / payudu The tiger sprang fast / springs up fast nellu velabjudu / Paddy grew well / will velaiyum / velaiyudu grow / grows g6dumai velafjudu / ‘Wheat grew well / will velaiyum / velaiyudu grow / grows Karumbu velaijudu / Sugarcane grew well / velaiyum /velaiyudu will grow / grows144 Conversational Tamil Learner's Note |. ti is the past tense marker in spoken Tamil ‘Oveussionatly the past tense marker ofthe written form -nd is also used in spoken Tamil (e.g) eifjén - erindén (threw). 2. When you want to accept a statement ‘6! is used as an ‘exclamation (see C3 - line 6) 3. fin/dlin is used with the meaning of only’. Learn its usage - (€-8.) ippédan - now only (just now) +. Notethatin M1 to Peter'has the Tamil equivalent’ and n0t'pitarukku’, When to'is used with human nouns ithes ‘kite! in Tamil. The corresponding question word i'yarkite’ ‘with whom E went to Madura + nan maduraikkupponé went tothe headmaster - ain hedmastar kin But when the noun is the indirect object of a verb, the dative case suffix ‘ku’ is used with the noun. (Refer Cycle 19 - Learner's Note 2), Grammatical Notes Verhwoot Yamit resem Past uate Negative. afintve throw eri erirén exiveneiyalé exiya ‘ain pey_peyyudn peyyuin °peyyale.peyya ‘rng ply piyuds —pajudu piyum payelé paya from Nelal”veluiyuda velahjady yelaivam velayae velaiya faildown vil vilyren—vilundéa. viuvéa vile vila Cyele 20 m5 setup ely eluréy—clundéy eluven elaie ep live vil vdeo valnd8q vavénvilale valu open tga tgakhigdy tpondéy cuppéy irakkal® uirakha walk naga nagakkigéy nagan- nada magi nadabhe diy ppg kal sit wkkBr ukkdreén ukkind8y ubkArvén ubkiral®— ukhdra Supplement Frame sentences by using the following wards as per the model given below : Model : avar(he) vbldr(Vellore) val (live) avar véldrlé valndar (He lived in Veltove) 1, mani(Mani) —_ kattil (eot) ukhdru (si) 2. madu (cow) vayal (field) indy (graze) © 3. malai(rain) tmaysir (Mysore) pey (torain) Kadaitteru (market) naga (walk)cimy natu nated Ramu transplanted the seedlings, Amd, vlan uiga vayalai Yes. Velen ploughed you audi field yesterday. :148 Conversational Tamil 4 Kamalivukku rombattalaival, Kamala had severe adanalé aluda(|) headache: so she wept 5 mani néttu enna sippittér? What did Mani vat yesterday? 6 vélan en vayalai uludai Did Velan plough my field? 7. ramu nétto enna seydar? What did Ramu do yesterday? 8. kamala én aludaqy? “Why did Kamala weep? Conversations cL A manikkuk kivealeppei irukku? How is Manis condition? (fever) kofijam koraiijirukku A bit reduced, néttu enna sappitiir? What did he eat yesterday? rolti sappiteara? B. A B. plum palamum sppiiér He ate fruit and drink. > A Did he eat bread? B. Totti sippidale No. he didn't eat bread, A. ramu netty enna seydar? What did Ramu do yesterday? BL néttu néttu nattar (He) transplated the seedlings yesterday AL enna natu nattar? What seedlings? 88 OM ag6Toort Cyele 21 149 He planted IRS seedlings. In whose field did he transplant? IRS natty nattde yar vayalilé nautar? He transplanted in Kuppusamy’s field kuppusdmi vayalilé natt ftamma vayalilé eppé naduvar? When will he transplant in our field? nilagnakki naduvar Day-after tomorrow. vélay en vayalai wludir@? Did Velan plough my field? Ama, vélan uiga vayalai ‘Yes, he ploughed your uludir field. epp6 uludir? When? The whole of yesterday he ploughed the field, néttu muludum uludée entambiyig vayalai uludira? Did he plough my younger brother's field? ill uiga tambiyin vayalai ulalé No. he did not plough your brother's field. Kamala néttu yén aludg(l)? Why did Kamala weep yesterday?150 Conversational Tamil BD hamalivubkurombattalai adayalé aludaql) A. Su talai vali? B. munda nal ratri muludam padicoa(!), adan Vocabutary alu a ule 7 kaccal 7 Koraiijirokku simi sippidu . sud 2 cod : talaivali : eanafigannu nadu 7 natty . péde mratiganno ¢ mutudam 7 ali She had severe headache So. she wept Why. headache? She read the whole night day before yesterday; so she she had headache. 9 weep to phough fever is reduced God, master, Sir toeat to bake, to burn plant headache coconut sapting to plant seedlings {0 throw (to drop down) mango sapling the whole 151 Cycle 21 vayal field omba + very Teacher's Note In MI substitute mani by other proper nouns and substitute ‘pilum palamum sappittae' by simiyaikkumbidu worship God bake dosa désaiyeccudy drop down the pen In M2 substitute 'nattu' by rdsaccedi (rose plant) tennafigennu (coconut sapling) takkaliccedi (tomato plant) maiganne (mango sapling) Learner's Note 1. Learn the usage of the question ‘teriyuma’? (do you know?) This is added to any question to get a definite reply. (e.g.) pénd evgé irukku, teriyuma? Do you know, where is the pen? In C3 and C4 note that the word 'muludum' is used to denote the meaning of whole’ (e-g.) néttu muludum (The whole of yesterday) ratri muludum (The whole of night)152 Conversational Tamil Grammatical Notes {. sippidgir- sippidu + rar (present) He eats sippilsir - Sappidu + | rar (past) He ate sdppiduse-sippidu + v + ar (future) He'witl eat The veth root sappidu (to eat) takes /t/,/-/ and evi as the ‘esent. past and fature tense markers respectively. ‘hulsciiga -ulu *1+ dige (present) He ploughs lu> Vd * diya (past) He ploughed igi ulu + * diigo (future) He will plough he verb root ulu (10 plough) takes /-t/, /Vd/ and /-v/ as the Present. past and future tense markers respectively. UL sippidalé- sappida + ili > séppidale /séppidavit ale - ula + illai > ulalé /ulavitlai The negative is expressed by infinitive + the negative marker 16! (Refer Cycle 17) Supplement ¥ “rimasini nlakki en vayalai uluvar- {Ramasami will Plough my field tomorrow), Read the above sentence and frame four questions to get the following answers : 1 nilakki (tomorrow) 2. Fimasimi (Ramasamy) 3. en vayalei Amy field) 4. aluvde vill plough) Cycle 21 153 Verbs eee Verb Tamil Present Past Future Negative Infinitive root ees eat s€ppidu sppidrén sippititn séppi- sAppi_sappida duvén dale start, depart porap- —porap- —porap-_porap-_porap-_porep- pagu paitén —_paduvén pad plant nada awn oaduvéy nadalé nada put, throw pédu —pSdrénpouén—-_p6duven pods worship kum: kum-kum=kum>kum>—kums bidu —bidrén —bigén —biduvénbidalé bide plough uly vluréauludén—uluven lal ula oy, weep alu alurén aludén —aluvén lel ala aac praca nie ceejinukku oru péndvam _ndttum vénum enakku AC arai pidikkum ‘pidikkadu enakku oru soppuppddum / One soap is enough fis pot enough for me. podidu156 Conversational Tamil 4 janukku enna véqum? What does John want? 5 uigalukku AC arai pidikkuma? Do you like AC room? §- _utigalukku oru scppuppoduma? Is one soap enough for you? Conversations , C1 A. uiigalukku ettanaiidli venum — How many idlis do you want? enakki mnu idli vénuin “IWant three idlis, bénda vénum Do you want bonda? | don't want bond vére enna vou What else do you want? B A, B. bénda véndim A. B oru kap kapi vénum One cup coffee, that's all, avvalavudén c2 Are there single rooms in this hotel? B. sisi rim irukku, dabuf rim There ae single rooms: itukku, AC rim vénuma? double rooms, Do you want AC rooms? anukku AC rim pidikidu, John does not liké/AC Sadéranh azedan pigikkum rooms. He likes only ordinary rooms: 8. liga ettanai-pécu? How many persons are you? Cycle 22 157 A. niga afju peru B. _ettane arai vEnum? manu rom yéqum sari, lle vaiga, ukkiruiga A. nankadaikkupporch, ungalubku euna véqum? B.. . enakku sSppu venum A. enga sdppu vénum? B. lax alladu rexdnd vénum We are five. How many rooms do you want? We want three rooms, Alright, please come in, please sit. Tam going to the shop, what do you want? I want soap, ‘What soap do you want? J want lux or rexona. A. utigalukku oru sSppup poduma?Is one soap enough for you? B. enakku oru sbppup padum Yes, one soap is enough forme. What else do you want? B. —sSppuvénum,avvalavuday | want soap, that’s all Vocabulary avyalayudan - id . sidarana - pidikkidu * That's all an Indian dish ordinary do not like158 Conversational Tamil pidikkum + Hike banda + am Indian dish deep fried in oil véndam + don't want vénum = want vérelenna > what else? Teacher's Note {n M1 substitute janukku' (to John) by other Proper nouns with dative case suffix { M2 substitute ‘enakku' (to me) by other pronouns with dative case suffix, Learner's Note 1. In Tamil the modal verbs such as. "vénum’ (want),."véndam! (don't want), pidikkum (lke), ‘pidikkdu’(don' ike), ‘pédum’ (enough) ‘podadu' (not enough) are always used with nouns and Pronouns in the dative case. Note that in Tamilalladu'is used where or is used in English Refer C3 sentence 4 enakku lax alladu rexéna vénum (1 want Lux or Rexona) Grammatical Notes —— Tamil enakku AC arai pidikkadu AC room hot liked Udo not like AC room English tome Cycle 22 159 vEnum. pidikkum. pédum are modal verbs which cannot be conjugated as other verbs Tamil janukku [orm] penal vénum English : | toJohn | a | pen| needed John wants a pen All modal verbs are used with all persons irrespective of gen- der and number. Tamil enakku | oru sdppu pSdum English: [tome | one soap is enough The nouns and pronouns are always in the dative case (case marker /-kku) when the modal verbs are used. Supplement Frame 18 sentences in Tamil using the following chart. ee (to) you meal enough not enough (to) me coco-cola want don't want (to) Peter mitk like don't like ene a ane aeE Sa ea (e.g.) enakku sappaidu pdum142 Conversational Tamil esi to throw. elu = togetup éni + ladder karumbu sugarcane kudirai + horse hodai umbrella gddumai + wheat sitigam = ion suttiyal = hammer tira + open ana + toget drenched nelly + paddy pay + to spring pindi - Mate malai = ain méy - tograze vyarking + twowhom velai ~ togrow véhama fast Teacher's Note 1 In M1 substitute ‘suttiyal®’ by other objects which thrown and change MS agcordingly accordingly. (o) ) Cycle 20 143. ani ail Aniyai ayinu rope kay ierai pandu ball pandai in M2 substitute ‘mali’ by other proper nouns and change M6 In M3 substitute ‘birdvaittirandén’ by: batigalirlé valndén’ ‘minu mayil nadandén’ and substitute M7 accordingly Frame conversations with the following : pasu /madu The cow grazed / grazes méfijudy / méyudu The goat... kudirai / méhjudu The horse... J méyudu sifigam véhamap parijudu / payudu The lion sprang fast / springs up fast (verb pay - 10 spring upon) uli vehamép pafijudu / payudu The tiger sprang fast / springs up fast nellu velafjudu/ velaiyum / velaiyudu Paddy grew well will grow / grows ‘g6dumai velafjudu / vyelaiyum velaiyudu Wheat grew well / grow/ grows karumbu velaijudu/ velaiyum / velaiyadu Sugarcane grew well / will grow / grows144 Conversational Tamil Learner's Note 1, jis the past tense marker in spoken Tamil. Oceassionally the past tense marker of the written form -nd is also used in spoken Tamil (e.g.) erinjén - erindén (threw), 2. When you want to accept a statement ‘6!’ is used as an exclamation (see C3 - line 6) 3. tdw/diy is used with the meaning of only’. Learn its usage - (e.8.) ippddan - now only (just now) 4. Notethat in M! "to Peter’ has the Tamil equivalent'pittarkitte’ and not 'pittarukku’. When ‘to’ is used with human nouns ithas ‘kitte’ in Tamil. The corresponding question word is yarkitte‘with whom’ I went to Madura + nq maduraikkupponén I went to'the headmaster - nian hedmastar ki ponén But when the noun is the indirect object of a verb, the dative «case suffix 'ku' is used with the noun, (Refer Cycle 19 - Leamer’s Note 2), Grammatical Notes Verbsoot Tami Present Past Future Negative Infinitive throw eri erirén ervey eriyalé exiya rain pey —peyyud pijudu peyyum peyyalé peyya spring pay pyudy—pjudu payum —payalé piya sfow —Yelai__yelaiyudu velafjadu veldivum velayalé velsiya falidown vilu — vilurén—vilundén viluvén 9 vile Cycle 20 148 seiup elu elute cb live val Villtp valde valve vale open tiga tigakkir€g) tigendéy tiruppén trokhalé ripukha walk naga nagakigy nadan-—nagae nada nadakha dy peg bale sit ukkarukkéregn—ukkandEy uAkirvéy UAKRIWIE RAE Supplement Frame sentences by using the following words as por the model given below : Model : avar(he) vélie Vellore) val (live) avar vélirlé valndar (He lived in Vellore) 1. magi(Mani) katt (cot) ukkara (sit) 2. madu (cow) vayal (field) any (graze) ‘malai (rain) maystr (Mysore) pey (to rain) 4. mala (Mala) kagaitteru (market) naga (walk)Nai took Ka milk yesterday. Ramu transplanted the seedlings oe Yes. Velan ploughed your field esterday ]148 Conversational 4, kamalévukku rombattalaivali, adanalé aluda(|) 5. mani néttu enna sappituée? 6. vélay en vayalai uludara? 7. imu néttu enga seydar? Tamil Kamala had severe headache; so she wept ‘What did Mani eat yesterday? Did Velan plough my field? What did Ramu do yesterday? 8. kamal én aludacyy? ‘Conversations cL ‘A. manikkuk kcal eppadi irukku? kofjam koraajirukku néttu enna sip; rotti sappit B. A B. plum palamum sip A B. illa, cot sappidale A. rimu néitu enna seydar? B. néttu natty mattar A. enna ndttu nattér? 58 0M sgeT00r4 Why did Kamala weep? How is Mani's condition? (fever) A bit reduced, What did he eat yesterday? He ate fruit and drink Did he eat bread? No, he didn’t eat bread. What did Ramu do yesterday? (He) transplated the ‘seedlings yesterday. What seedlings? Cycle 21 L.R-8 ndtwu nattar yar vayalilé natae? kuppusdmi vayalilé nattar amma vayalilé eppé naduvar? nilannakki naduvar vélan en vayalai uludird? ami, vélan uiiga vayalai uludar eppé uludar? néttu muludum uludar entambiyin vayalai uludare? illai, uniga tambiyin vayalai ulalé kamala néttu yén aluda(t)? 149 He planted IRB seedings, In whose field did he transplant? He transplanted in Kuppusamy’s field. When will he transplant in our field? Day-after tomorrow. Velan plough my field? ‘Yes, he ploughed your field, When? The whole of yesterday he ploughed the field, Did he plough my younger brother's field? No. he did not plough your brother's field. Why did Kamala weep yesterday?Cycle 21 151 150 Conversational Tamil 8B Kamalivekkurombatilaivali She had severe headache vayal cee Tield adayalé aluda(!) So. she wept. romba - very Av Gntalai vali? Why. headache? ae a alae Teacher's Note B. -munda nil rétri muludum She cead the whole night i padi) aan talavall dy before yestoday cn tM! substitute mani by other proper nouns and substiwte she had headache. pas Peli simiyaikkumbidu worship God Vocabulary dosaiyeceudu bake dosa alu : ‘i t to weep vaip pédu drop down the pen ula : q it to plough In M2 substitute ‘ndttu’ by kacea! + fever fever résiccedi (rose plant) korafjicukku is reduc i is reduced tennaigannu (coconut sapling) Ss simi - G God, master. Sir takkaliecedi (tomato plant) sippidu 4 pp to eat mafigannu (mango sapling) sudu ~ to bake, to bura ah aan Learner's Note ‘elabai | tedine 1. Learn the usage of the question ‘teriyuma’? (do you know?) ‘ennaviga * coconut sapling This is added to any question to get a definite reply. radu = toplant (e.g) pénd erigé irukku, teriyuma? natty =) seealings Do you know, where is the pen? podu + to theow (10 drop downy 2. In C3 and C4 note that the word ‘muludum’ is used to denote . the meaning of ‘whole’ maiganoo + mango sapling (e.g.) néttu muludum (The whole of yesterday) muludurn ~ the whole ratsi muludum (The Whole of night)152 Conversational Tamil Grammatical Notes | sinpideae- sippigu + sp +a (preseney He eats Sinpittar « Sappidu + +ar (past) He ate Sappiduvde- sippidu + v + ar (future) He witleat The verb toot sdppidu (to eat) takes /17, bY and /-v/ a8 the Messi: past and Tuture tense markers respectively, I ulertiga -ulu +64 aga (present) He ploughs lucitiga -ulu + Ud + ga (past) He ploughed ‘ovitisa-ulu > y+ diga (future) He will plough The verb root uly (to plough) takes ft, /v/4/ and /-v/ 98 the sven. past and future tense markers respectively. I. sdppidalé - sappida + illai > Sappidalé / séppidavillai lal - ola + lai ulaié /ulaviliai ‘The negative is expressed by ‘infinitive + the negative marker +181 (Refer Cycle 17) Supplement rdimasdini nlakki en vayalal uluvars (Ramasami will plough my field tamorrow) Read the above sentence and frame fou i Questions to get the following answees (tomorrow) 1 nalakki 2 fanaste (Ramasamy) 3 envayalat (my field) 4 ilove «(vill plough) Cycle 21 153 Verbs ee eee Verb Tamil” Present Past Future Negative fafinitive Foot ee eat sippidu sap iré0 sEppivtn sippis sippi__sappida davén dale start, epart porsp- —porap- _porap-porup: porap- _porap- padu paduvéy padalé page plant eagu naduvén nagalé put, ; thtow pédu —-pdrén Suen —_—pduvéy._padalé pods ‘worship kum- — kum+ kum-kum- kum kum= bidu ——bidren—biggn ven bidale bide plough ule lurén —uludén—uluvén ulate ula on : weep alu aturén —aludin—aluvén jal alaJ pidikkady enakku oru sSppuppédum/ One soap is enough / is podidu ‘enough for me.156 Conversational Tamil 4. janukku enna véaum? “What does John want? 5. tnigalukku AC acai pidikkuma? Do you like AC room? wfgalukku oru seppuppoduma? Is one soap enough for you? Conversations | cL Av iigalukku ettanai ili venum — How many idlis do you want? B. enakkiv miqu idti vénum ‘I want three idlis, A. béndé vénuma? Do you want bonda? B. bénda vendim {don’t want bonda. A. véte enna vénum? What else do you want? B. ru kap kapi vénum, , One cup coffee, thats all, avvalavudén C2 ‘Av’ ina HOtallé shi rim irakk8?’ Ave there single rooms in * this hotel? B. shigil rim irukku, dabul rim There arg single rooms, irukku, AC rim vénuma? double rooms. Do you Want AC rooms? ‘A. jinukku AC rim pidikadu, John doei ‘not like AC Sidirann apedin pigikkum rooms. He likes only ordinary rooms, B. niga ettanai péru? How many persons are you? Cycle 22 157 A. nanga afju peru We are five, 8. ettane arai véqum? How many rooms do you want? We want three rooms. manu rim yéqum B. - sari.ullé vanga, ukkdrunga Alright, please come in, ‘ please sit. Lam going to the shop, A... nankadaikkupporsn, 5 what do you want? ungalukky enna vénum? enakku sOppu yénum I want soap. enna soppu vénum? What soap do you want? fax alladu rexdna vénum I want lux or rexona, > 2 >e Uurigalukku oru s6ppup pdduma? ts one soap enough for you? B. -enakku oru sOppup podum Yes, one soap is enough - for me, A. véré enna yenum What else do you want? B. séppu vénum, avvalavudda 1 want soap, that's all Vocabulary avvalavudai - That's all i ~~ am Indian dish sidérana + ~-ordinary pidikkadw do not like158 Conversational Tamil pidikkum like bonda ~ an Indian dish deep fried in oil véndam don't want vénum = want vér(ejenna What else? Teacher's Note {n MI substitute jénukku’ (to John) by other proper nouns with dative case suffix In M2 substitute ‘enakku' (to me) by other pronouns with dative case suffix, Learner's Note 1, In Tamil the modal verbs such as 'vénum' (want), ‘vénddm’ (don't want), ‘pidikkum' (like), ’pidikkddu’ (don't like), ‘pddum' (enough), ‘pédadu' (not enough) are always used with nouns and pronouns in the dative case 2 Note that in Tamil alladu' is used where ‘or'is used in English. Refer C3 senience 4 : enakku lax alladu rexdna vénum (I Want Lux or Rexona) Grammatical Notes Tamil: | enakku | AC agai pidikkadu | English : | tome | ACeoom | notliked Ido not like AC room Cycle 22 159 ‘nun. pidikkum, pédum are modal verbs which cannot be conjugated as other verbs, ‘Tami janukku [ora] péna] — venum English : | toJohn | a | pen] needed John wants a pen Allmodal verbs are used with all persons irrespective of gen- der and number. Tainil enakku | oru soppu podum English tome | one soap is enough The nouns and pronouns are always in the dative case (case marker /-kku) when the modal verbs are used. Supplement Frame 18 sentences in Tamil using the following chart, ee (to) you meal ‘enough not enough (to) me coco-cola want don't want (to) Peter milk like ike se (eg.) enakku sippadu padum