Biology

Unit 4 Plants
Summary
Plants are living organisms they are autotrophs and producers as they
produce their own food by using sunlight as a source of energy this
process is called photosynthesis.
Plants are important for all living things:
 Source of food
 Source of medicines ,cosmetics , fuels and paper
 Are habitats for many animals
Plants have a different cell from human beings as their cell wall is
covered with cellulose a starchy substance.
Plants are mainly divided into two groups which are flowering
plants, angiosperms, and non-flowering plants. Flowering plants
are the most dominant plants on earth as they take 80% of the plant
population.
Flowering plants are plants that produce flowers and use them as
their reproductive organ whereas non flowering plants, also known
as angiosperms. Examples of flowering plants are roses, sunflowers
and eucalyptus.
Non-flowering plants don’t produce flowers neither seeds expect
gymnosperms but they use other parts of their organs to reproduce.
Some known types of non-flowering plants are mosses, ferns and
gymnosperms.
Mosses: are non-flowering animals that which are non-vascular
meaning they don’t have transporting tissues like xylem or phloem.
They grow moist and rainy places.
Ferns: Are leafy non-flowering plants which have rhizomes,
underground stem, with leaves called fronds on it reproduction of
ferns takes place from the rhizomes.
Gymnosperms: are non-flowering plants that produce seed which is
not covered with a fruit they have cones, contains male and female
gametes, for reproduction. An example of gymnosperm is conifer.
Plants differ in many things such as size , type and distribution .They
differ in size because it is visible to us that there are some plants like
mosses till very huge trees. They can be diverse on their habitat such
as plants that live in the desert and which live in a grassland.
Flowering plants
Flowering plants are plants that produce flower and use it as their
reproductive organ.
Flowering plants are the most needed plants as we get food, wood
fire, clothes, shelter, drink and medicines from them .
 Flowering plants have different species they are the most
abundant types of flowers.
 Flowering plants produces seeds which are covered with fruits.
 Flowering plants have four main organs which are the flower,
stem, root and leaves.
 They have two main systems which are the shoot system and the
root system.
 There are two parts known as the vegetative part which consists
of the root, stem and leaf and reproductive part which consist of
the flower.
Leaves: Leaves are very important part of a flowering plant as that is
where photosynthesis takes place. They have a flat and board shape
which allows evaporation and sunlight.
 Leaves are the main photosynthetic organ of a plant.
 Leaves are adapted to being photosynthetic as they contain lots of
chloroplast and have a flat and board surface to receive efficient
sunlight.
External and Internal structures of a leaf