1. 5. What is a linguistic landscape?

- is the "visibility and salience of languages on public and

commercial signs in a given territory or region" (Landry and Bourhis 1997:23) - is a thing that
one can see that do not necessarily need words to express a though 5
2. 6. Examples: 6 billboards signages
3. 7. Examples: 7 street names traffic regulations
4. 8. Examples: 8 graffiti memes tweets
5. 9. Official signs are produced with a top down discourse. 9
6. 10. Signs produced by an individual or a group but not officially recognized has bottom up
discourse 10
7. 11. b. geomiotics 11
12. What is geosemiotics? Geosemiotics is the study of the social meaning of the material
placement of signs in the world. By signs, we mean to include any semiotic system including
language and discourse (Scollon & Sco

1. 14. 14
2. 15. c. kinds of signs 15
3. 16. 4 kinds of signs 1. Regulatory - if it indicates authority and is official or legal prohibitions
Examples: 16
4. 17. 2. Infrastructural - if it labels things or directs for the maintenance of a building or any
infrastructure Examples: 17
5. 18. 3. Commercial - advertises of promotes a product, an event, or a service in commerce
Examples: 18
6. 19. 4. Transgressive - if it violates (intentionally or accidentally)the conventional semiotics or
is in wrong place Examples: 19
7. 20. What is a graffiti? Graffiti is an unsanctioned urban text (Carrington, 2009; in Mooney &
Evans, 2015). It conveys power and control to the person or group behind the production of
graffiti. It is a way for disempowered people to make a visible mark, to disrupt the landscape
that is increasingly occupied by the increasingly powerful. 20
8. 21. d. online landscapes 21
9. 22. netizen ✘ These are people who go online. The term netizen is an abstraction of the
words internet and citizen. ✘ Netizens are metaphorically considered as the citizens of the
virtual world. 22
10. 23. Examples of online landscapes A. YouTube - is an American video-sharing platform
headquartered in San Bruno, California, USA. 23
24. B. Twitter - is an American microblogging and social networking service on which users post