巴基斯坦真纳水电站

1#水轮发电机组

启动试运行大纲
（第二版）

编 写：韦 浪
审 核：吴伟文
批 准：罗春华

广东省源天工程公司
巴基斯坦真纳水电站机电安装项目部
2011 年 9 月

目 录
 质量、环境、职业健康安全管理体系管理资料 真纳施工方案之二十
一、总则 I. BRIEF......................................................................................................................3

二、组织机构 II. ORGANIZATION.........................................................................................3

三、机组启动试运行前的检查 III. INSPECTION BEFORE SET-UP TEST OF UNIT......4

（一）引水系统检查 (I) Inspection of Diversion System........................................................4

（二）水轮机部分检查 (II) Turbine Inspection.......................................................................6

（三）调速器系统检查 (III) Inspection of Governor System.................................................7

（四）发电机部分检查 (IV) Generator Inspection...............................................................10

（五）增速器及其附属设备检查 (V) Inspection of Increaser and its Accessories..............11

（六）励磁设备及其附属设备检查 (VI) Inspection of Excitation Equipment and its Accessories

12

（七）水力机械辅助设备检查 (VII) Inspection of Auxiliary Equipment of Hydraulic Machinery

12

（八）电气一次设备检查 (VIII) Inspection of Electric Primary Equipment.....................15

（九）电气二次系统及回路检查 (IX) Inspection of Secondary Electric System and Circuit......16

（十）消防与通风系统检查 (X) Inspection of Fire-fighting and Ventilation System........19

四、机组充水试验 VI WATER-FILLING TEST...................................................................20

（一）充水条件 (I) Water-filling Conditions........................................................................20

（二）尾水流道充水 (II) Water-filling of Tailrace Flow Passage........................................21

（二）进水流道充水 (III) Water-filling of Intake Passage..................................................21

五、水轮发电机组空载试运行 V. NO-LOAD COMMISSIONING OF TURBINE-GENERATOR....22

（一）首次手动开机前的准备 (I) Preparation before First Manual Startup.....................22

（二）首次电手动开机 (II) First Startup by Hand...............................................................24

（三）电手动停机及停机后检查 (III) Manual Shutdown and Inspection after Shutdown

27

（四）调速器空载扰动试验 (IV) No-load Disturbance Test of Governor..........................27

第 1 页 共 31 页
 质量、环境、职业健康安全管理体系管理资料 真纳施工方案之二十
（五）过速试验 (V) Over-speed Test.................................................................................28

（六）机组自动开、停机试验 (VI) Automatic Startup and Shutdown Test of Unit....29

（七）发电机短路升流试验 (VII) Short-circuit Step-up Current Test of Generator.. .32

（八）发电机零起升压试验 (VIII) Zero Step-up Voltage Test of Generator.................34

（九）水轮发电机组带主变压器及高压配电装置试验....................................................35

（十）励磁装置调整和试验 (X) Adjustment and Test of Excitation Device..................37

（ 十 一 ） 电 力 系 统 对 主 变 压 器 冲 击 合 闸 试 验 (XI) Impulse Closing Test of Main

Transformer by Power System...................................................................................39
六、机组并列试验 VI PARALLEL TEST OF UNIT.............................................................40

七、机组带负荷试验 VII ON-LOAD TEST OF UNIT.........................................................41

八、 甩负荷试验 VIII LOAD DROPPING TEST............................................................42

九、72 小时带负荷试验及 30 天可靠性试运行......................................................................45

IX 72 HOURS’ ON-LOAD TEST AND 30 DAYS’ RELIABILITY COMMISSIONING. .45

一、

第 2 页 共 31 页
 质量、环境、职业健康安全管理体系管理资料 真纳施工方案之二十

二、总则 I. BRIEF

1. 本试验程序是根据《水轮发电机组安装技术规范》（GB8564-88）、
《电 气装置安装
工程及验收规范》（GB50254~50259-96）、
《灯泡贯流式水轮发电机组启动试验规程》
（DL827-2002）和厂家提供的图纸及相关技术文件的规定，并根据电站的实际情况 ,
编制而成。
1. This test procedure is compiled according to Specification for Installation of Hydraulic-
turbine and Generator Units (GB8564-88), Specification for Installation and Acceptance
of Electric Device (DL827-2002), Set-up Test Code for Bulb Tubular Hydraulic-turbine
and generator Units (DL827-2002), drawings and relative technical documents offered by
the manufacturer and related situation of the station .
2. 本大纲仅适用于巴基斯坦真纳水电站机组及相关的电气设备的试运行调试。
2. This scheme is only applied to the commissioning test of unit and relative electric
equipment of Jinnah Hydropower Station, Pakistan.
3. 本大纲总领并指导于《巴基斯坦真纳水电站机组启动试运行机械操作规程》和《巴基
斯坦真纳水电站机组启动试运行电气操作规程》以及试运行期间所有相关操作票、工
作票。
3. This scheme is the lead and guide for Mechanical Operational Code for Unit Set-up Test of
Jinnah Hydropower Station, Electric Operational Code for Unit Set-up Test of Jinnah
Hydropower Station and all relative operation and working permission during the
commissioning test.
4. 本大纲适用以下时间段：（1）充水试验至启动阶段；（2）72 小时试运行阶段；
（3）30 天可靠试运行阶段
4. This scheme is applied to the following stages: (1) water-filling test to set-up; (2) 72 hours’
commissioning test; (3) 30 days’ reliability commissioning test.

三、 组织机构 II. ORGANIZATION

第 3 页 共 31 页
 质量、环境、职业健康安全管理体系管理资料 真纳施工方案之二十

启动试运行领
导小组

启动试 试运行 应急检

验班组 班组 修班组

主 电 辅 电 主 辅 土 设 设 后
机 气 机 气 机 机 建 备 计 勤
班 班 班 专 专 专 单 厂 单 保
组 组 组 业 业 业 位 家 位 障

Set-up Test
Lead Group

Set-up Commissioning Group Mobilize

Test Group d Group

主 电 辅 电 主 辅 土 设 设 后
机 气 机 气 机 机 建 备 计 勤
班 班 班 专 专 专 单 厂 单 保
组 组 组 业 业 业 位 家 位 障

三、机组启动试运行前的检查 III. INSPECTION BEFORE SET-UP

TEST OF UNIT

第 4 页 共 31 页
 质量、环境、职业健康安全管理体系管理资料 真纳施工方案之二十
（一）引水系统检查 (I) Inspection of Diversion System

1) 拦污栅已安装完毕，经检查符合质量要求。进水口、尾水等闸门处经清污及检查，
符合闸门运行要求。
1) Installation of trash racks is conformity with quality requirement. Intake gates and tail
gates meet the requirement of running.
2) 进水门机、尾水门机及清污机经检查合格，具备使用条件。
2) Intake gantry crane, tailrace gantry crane and rack-cleaning machine are qualified by
inspection, and ready for work.
3) 非本期试运行的其他机组段的闸门处于关闭状态，并已采取安全措施防止误动。
3) Gates of other units are in close state, and safety measures are taken to prevent error
movement.
4) 机组充水前，进水闸门与拦污栅间，已清除完水中可能危及机组安全运行的杂物，
并确认无可能影响到机组安全运行的杂物。
4) Before water-filling, anything that may impact the safety operation of unit between intake
gates and trash racks is cleaned up.
5) 流道、集水井、各廊道等水工建筑物应符合设计要求，所有杂物经检查确认已清理干
净。灌浆孔已封堵，焊疤和突出流道部分的金属应割除，并打磨平滑。
5) Hydraulic constructions like spillway, sump and gallery are conformity with the design
requirement and cleaned up. Grouting holes are sealed; all welding beads and metal pieces
above flow passage are removed.
6) 流道的排水设施，包括管道、阀门、排水泵等已验收合格，处于正常工作状态（位
置）。
6) Drainage facilities of flow passage, including pipelines, valves and drainage pumps are
qualified by acceptance and in normal work position.
7) 非本期试运行的其他机组段的检修排水管管口已可靠封堵。
7) Orifices of drainage pipes of other units are secured sealed.
8) 全厂渗漏排水、检修排水系统已安装、调试完毕，整定值符合设计要求。
8) Leakage and drainage systems of the whole plant are ready for work; setting values are
conformity with the design requirement.
9) 检修集水井密封盖板已安装完毕，所有螺栓均已紧固。
9) Installation of sealing plate of service sumps is complete, with all bolts are fastened.

第 5 页 共 31 页
 质量、环境、职业健康安全管理体系管理资料 真纳施工方案之二十
10) 本机组水力测量系统全部安装、调试完毕，符合规程规范和设计要求，测量表计指
示正确，处于工作状态。
10) Hydraulic measuring system of this unit is conformity with the specifications and design
requirements; measuring gauges are working.
11) 主厂房、副厂房、升压站、油室、电气廊道、电缆廊道、排水泵室、空压机室、技术供水
泵室的消防设施满足要求。
11) Fire-fighting facilities of the whole plant are qualified, including main powerhouse,
auxiliary powerhouse, set-up substation, oil room, electric gallery, cable gallery,
drainage pump room, compressor room, water-supply room.

（二）水轮机部分检查 (II) Turbine Inspection

1) 水轮机转轮及其所有部件已安装完毕，检验合格，记录完整；转轮叶片与轮毂、
转轮室之间的间隙已检查验收合格。
1) Installation of runner and other components are complete and qualified by acceptance;
gap of runner blades to boss and runner room is qualified by acceptance.
2) 导水机构已安装完毕，检验合格；导叶端面间隙、立面间隙以及其最大开度均已
检验并符合设计要求。
2) Distributor is complete and qualified by inspection; end gap and façade gap of guide
vanes and their maximum opening are conformity with the design requirement by
acceptance.
3) 接力器压紧行程已验收，符合设计要求；接力器锁锭装置已安装完毕，验收合格。
3) Compression stroke of servomotor is conformity with the design requirement; locking
device of servomotor is qualified installed.
4) 润滑油系统已充油检查合格；轴瓦、油槽温度传感器已安装完毕，调试合格，各
整定值符合设计要求；轴承回油箱、重力油箱及漏油箱已安装完毕，调试合格，
整定值符合设计要求。
4) Lubricating system is qualified by oil-filing inspection; bearing bush and temperature
sensor of oil reservoir is qualified by debugging, with all setting values consistent with
the design requirement; oil return tank, gravity oil tank and leakage oil tank of bearing
are qualified by debugging, with setting values consistent with the design requirement.
5) 主轴及其保护罩、水导轴承系统已安装完工、检验合格，轴线调整 符合设计要

第 6 页 共 31 页
 质量、环境、职业健康安全管理体系管理资料 真纳施工方案之二十
求。
5) Main shaft and its protective cover, diversion bearing system are qualified installed by
inspection; axis adjustment is conformity with the design requirement.
6) 主轴工作密封及空气围带已安装完毕，验收合格；密封自流排水管路畅通；密封
水压力开关和空气围带压力开关整定值符合设计要求，充水前检修密封的空气围带
处于充气状态。
6) Working sealing and air shroud ring of main shaft is qualified installed by acceptance;
sealed gravity drainage system is free; setting values of pressure switches of sealing water
and air shroud ring are conformity with the design requirement, and air shroud ring is in
air-filling condition before water-filling.
7) 水轮机其它部件也已安装完毕，检验合格。
7) Other parts of turbine are qualified installed.
8) 各过流部件之间（包括转轮室与外导环、外导环与外壳体、内锥体与内导环、内导环
与内壳体等）的密封均已检验合格，无渗漏情况。所有分瓣部件的各分瓣法兰均已把
合严密，符合规定要求。
8) Sealing between each flow components is qualified by acceptance, without leakage. Every
split flange has been secured sealed.
9) 伸缩节间隙均匀，密封有足够的紧量。
9) Gap of expansion joints is even and enough for sealing.
10) 各重要部件连接处的螺栓、螺母已紧固，预紧力符合设计要求，各连接件的定位销
已按规定全部点焊牢固。
10) All bolts and nuts at connecting position are fastened, pre-tighten force is conformity with
the design requirement; positioning pins of each connecting part are firmly welded as
specified.
11) 各测压表计、示流计、流量计、摆度、振动传感器及各种信号器、变送器、机组自动化
及压力传感器均已安装完工，管路、线路连接良好，并已清理干净。
11) All pressure gauges, flow gauges, swing and vibration pick-ups, signal indicators,
transducers, unit automation and pressure sensors are all complete installed; pipelines and
cable lines are well connected.

第 7 页 共 31 页
 质量、环境、职业健康安全管理体系管理资料 真纳施工方案之二十
（三）调速器系统检查 (III) Inspection of Governor System

1) 受油器已安装完毕，经盘车检查，其轴摆度合格。
1) Oil head is completely installed and inspected by engine-turning.
2) 调速系统及设备已安装完工，并调试合格。油压装置压力、油位正常，透平油化验合
格。各表计、阀门、自动化元件均已整定符合要求。
2) Speed governing system is qualified installed and adjusted. Pressure and oil-level of oil-
pressure device is normal, turbine oil is qualified by test. All meters, valves and
automatic components are conformity with specifications.
3) 调速器回油箱、漏油箱、机械过速装置及其所有管路、接头、法兰、阀门、两台机组
压力油泵、两台机组漏油泵、自动化元件等已安装完毕；油箱已清洗干净；管路、
阀门已循环清洗干净，并经耐压且无渗漏现象；两台机组压力油泵、两台机组漏
油泵均运行正常，主、备用切换及手动、自动控制工作正常；自动化元件已调试合
格，动作准确可靠，整定值符合设计要求。
3) Oil return tank, oil leakage tank of governor, mechanical over-speed device, and all
piping, joints, flanges, valves, and two pressure oil pumps, two leakage oil pumps and
automatic components are completely installed and ready for work.
4) 压力油罐安全阀按规程要求已调整合格，且动作可靠。油压装置油泵在工作压力
下运行正常，无异常振动和发热，主，备用泵切换及手动、自动工作正常。集油箱
油位信号器动作正常。高压补气装置手动、自动动作正确。漏油装置手动、自动调试
合格。
4) Safety valve of pressure oil tank is reliable work by qualified adjustment as specified.
Oil pump of oil pressure device is running normally under working pressure, without
any abnormal vibration and heating; switching between main and standby pump,
manual and automation is normal; oil level indicator of oil sump tank is normal; manual
and automatic action of high-pressure gas-filling device is correct. Manual and
automation operation of oil leakage device is qualified.
5) 机组测速装置已安装完毕，调试合格，各动作接点已按要求整定完毕。
5) Tachometer device of unit is qualified installed by adjustment; every action contact is set
as required.
6) 手动操作将油压装置的压力油通向调速系统管路，检查各油压管路、阀门、接头、
及部件等均应无渗油现象。
第 8 页 共 31 页
 质量、环境、职业健康安全管理体系管理资料 真纳施工方案之二十
6) Make the pressure oil of oil pressure device through pipeline of governing system, and
there shall be no oil leakage for oil pressure pipeline, valves and joints etc..
7) 调速器的电气-机械/液压转换器工作正常。
7) Electric-mechanical / hydraulic converter of governor work normally.
8) 进行调速系统联动调试的手动操作，并检查调速器、接力器及导水机构联动动作的灵
活可靠性和全行程内动作平稳性，检查导叶开度、接力器行程和调速器柜的导叶开度
指示器等三者一致性。录制导叶开度与接力器行程的关系曲线，应符合设计要求。
8) Conduct the hand operation of linkage test of governing system, checking the flexibility
and reliability of linkage action of governor, servomotor and distributor, and the steadiness
of whole stroke, checking the consistency of guide vane opening, servomotor stroke and
guide vane opening indicator of governor cabinet. Draw the relative curve of guide vane
opening and servo stroke which shall be conformity with the design requirement.
9) 重锤关机等过速保护装置和分段关闭装置等均已调试合格，分别用调速器紧急关闭
和重锤关机办法初步检查导叶全开到全关所需的时间。
9) Over-speed protective device like hammer shutdown and sectional shutdown device is
qualified by adjustment, separately using the methods of emergency close of governor and
weight shutdown to check the needed time of guide vanes from full open to full close.
10) 锁定装置调试合格，信号指示正确，充水前应处于锁定状态。
10) Locking device which shall be in locking state before water-filling is qualified by
debugging, with correct signal indication.
11) 由调速器操作检查调速柜和桨叶转角指示器的开度和实际开度的一致性。模拟各种
水头下导叶和桨叶协联关系曲线。
11) Operated by governor, check the consistency of opening of governing cabinet and blade
angle indicator and actual opening. Simulate the combination relationship curve of guide
vanes and blades under various water head.
12) 调速器静态调试已经完成，在机组 LCU 进行模拟自动开、停机流程，以及电气事故
机械事故停机流程，各环节均动作准确可靠。
12) Static commissioning of governor has completed; conduct the simulated procedures of
automatic startup and shutdown, electric emergency and mechanical emergency
shutdown on unit LCU, actions of each step shall be accurate and reliable.
13) 机组测速装置已安装完成并调试合格，动作触点已按要求初步整定。

第 9 页 共 31 页
 质量、环境、职业健康安全管理体系管理资料 真纳施工方案之二十
13) Speed detector of unit is qualified installed by debugging, action contacts have been
primarily set as required.
14) 纯机械过速保护装置安装完成并调试合格，动作触点已按设定完成整定。装置处
于未投入使用状态。
14) Mechanical over-speed protection device is qualified by debugging and action contacts
have been set as designed. The device is not in running state.

（四）发电机部分检查 (IV) Generator Inspection

1) 发电机整体已全部安装完毕，验收合格，发电机内部已清扫干净，并经检查无遗
物。
1) Generator is qualified installed by acceptance, inner side is clean up.
2) 定、转子空气间隙已验收合格，符合设计要求。
2) Air gap of stator and rotor is qualified by acceptance, meeting the design requirement.
3) 高压油顶起系统已安装调试完毕，各整定值符合设计要求。
3) High-pressure oil lift system is completely installed and debugged; all setting values are
conformity with the design requirement.
4) 机械制动系统已安装调试合格，动作灵活可靠，充水前处于制动位置。
4) Mechanical braking system which is in braking position before water-filling is working
flexibly and reliably.
5) 发电机冷却系统调试完毕，无渗漏，压力值达到设计要求。
5) Cooling system of generator has been tested without leakage; the pressure value reaches
the design requirement.
6) 发电机转子集电环、碳刷架、碳刷已安装调试完毕，检验合格。
6) Collecting ring, carbon brush yoke and carbon brush of generator rotor is qualified
acceptance.
7) 各过流密封面均已检验合格，无渗漏。
7) Every flow sealing surface is qualified by inspection, without leakage.
8) 竖井内所有的油、水、气系统全部安装调试完毕，符合规程规范和设计要求，测量
系统表计指示正确。
8) All oil, water and gas systems inside vertical shaft are installed and adjusted according
to the specifications and design requirement; indications on measuring system gauges
are accurate.
第 10 页 共 31 页
 质量、环境、职业健康安全管理体系管理资料 真纳施工方案之二十
9) 竖井内消防管路已安装完毕，检验合格。
9) Piping for fire-fighting inside vertical shaft is qualified acceptance.
10) 发电机内所有电气设备均已安装调试完毕，检验合格，电气回路正确无误。
10) Electric equipment inside generator is qualified adjusted by inspection, with correct
electric circuit.
11) 发电机侧竖井内所有阀门、管路、接头、电磁阀、变送器等均已检验合格，处于正常
工作状态。竖井内外所有母线、电缆、辅助线、端子板、端子箱均已检查正确无误。
11) All valves, piping, joints, magnet valves, transducers inside the vertical shaft of generator
side are qualified by acceptance. All bus bars, cables, auxiliary wires, terminal boards and
terminal boxes inside shaft are correct.
12) 发电机二期混凝土已经浇注完毕，并已经复测检验合格。
12) The second stage concrete pouring is qualified by re-check.
13) 测量发电机工作状态的各种表计已安装完工，调试整定合格。
13) All instruments for generator measuring are qualified by debugging and setting.
14) 爬梯、常规及事故照明系统已安装完工，检验合格。竖井内已清扫干净，设备的补
漆工作已完成并检查合格。
14) Ladders, routine and emergency illumination system are qualified by inspection. Inside of
vertical shaft is cleanup; paint make-up for equipment is qualified by inspection.
15) 相关试验详细步骤和内容参看《巴基斯坦真纳水电站机组启动试运行电气操作规
程》。
15) The detailed test procedures and content please refer to Electric Operational Code for
Unit Set-up Test of Jinnah Hydropower Station.

（五）增速器及其附属设备检查 (V) Inspection of Increaser and its Accessories

1) 增速器已安装完毕，验收合格。
1) Increaser is qualified installed by acceptance.
2) 增速器集油箱已安装调试完毕，验收合格，整定值符合设计要求。
2) Oil-catch tank of increaser is qualified by acceptance, with setting values conformity with
the design requirement.
3) 增速器油系统控制柜带电调试完毕，手动、自动工作正常。
3) Live commissioning of oil system control cabinet is qualified.

第 11 页 共 31 页
 质量、环境、职业健康安全管理体系管理资料 真纳施工方案之二十
（六）励磁设备及其附属设备检查 (VI) Inspection of Excitation Equipment and its
Accessories

1) 励磁电源变压器已安装完工试验合格，高、低压端连接线与电缆已 检验合格。
1) Transformer of excitation power is qualified by test; connecting conductor and cable at
high and low voltage ends is qualified.
2) 励磁系统盘柜已安装完工检查合格，主回路链接可靠，绝缘良好。
2) Excitation system Cabinets are qualified installed by inspection; connection of main
circuit is reliable and good insulation.
3) 励磁功率柜通风系统安装完工，检查合格。
3) Ventilation system of excitation power cabinets is qualified installed by inspection.
4) 交直流灭磁开关主触头接触良好，开距符合要求，动作灵活可靠。
4) Main contact of AC/DC demagnetizing switch is well connected, with flexible and
reliable action.
5) 励磁调节器开环特性符合设计要求，通道切换可靠。
5) Open-loop characteristics of excitation regulator meet the design requirements, with
reliable access switching.
6) 励磁操作、保护及信号回路接线正确动作可靠，表计校验合格。
6) Connection of excitation operation, protection and signal circuit is correct and secured;
gauges are qualified by test.

（七）水力机械辅助设备检查 (VII) Inspection of Auxiliary Equipment of Hydraulic

Machinery

1) 全厂透平油、绝缘油、齿轮油系统已能满足 1＃机组和两台主变压器以及其它零星
用油设备的需要，并与其他机组可靠隔离。
1) Systems of turbine oil, insulating oil and gear oil which are securely isolated from other
units can satisfy the need of Unit 1# and two main transformers and other equipment.
2) 透平油、绝缘油、齿轮油等油质均经化验合格。
2) Quality of turbine oil, insulating oil and gear oil is qualified by test.
3) 轴承高位油箱（重力油箱）、轴承回油箱（低位油箱）、高压减载装置（高压油顶起
装置）及其所有管路、接头、法兰、阀门、两台机组润滑油泵、两台机组减载油泵、自动
化元件等已安装完毕；油箱已清洗干净；管路、阀门已循环清洗干净，并经耐压且无

第 12 页 共 31 页
 质量、环境、职业健康安全管理体系管理资料 真纳施工方案之二十
渗漏现象；两台机组润滑油泵、两台机组减载油泵均运行正常，主、备用切换及手动
自动控制工作正常；自动化元件已调试合格，动作准确可靠，整定值符合设计要求。
3) Gravity oil tank, bearing oil-return tank, high-pressure oil lift device, piping, joints,
flanges, valves, two lubrication pumps, two off-load oil pumps and automatic components
are completely installed and ready for work.
4) 高、低压空气压缩机运转正常，贮气罐及管路无漏气，各压力表计、减压阀、安全阀
工作正常，主、备用切换及手动、自动控制工作正常；自动化元件已调试合格，动作
准确可靠，整定值符合设计要求。
4) High and low pressure air compressor is running normally; air tank and piping is without
leakage; all pressure gauges, pressure reducer and safety valves are working normally;
main and standby switching and manual and automatic control is in normal work;
automatic components are qualified by debugging, with accurate and reliable action.
Setting values are conformity with the design requirement.
5) 机械制动系统已安装调试完毕，验收合格。管路、阀门等经耐压试验合格，无渗漏现
象。手动、自动控制工作正常；自动化元件已调试合格，动作准确可靠，整定值符合
设计要求。
5) Mechanical braking system is qualified by acceptance. Withstand-pressure test of piping
and valves is conformity without leakage. Manual and automatic control is in normal work;
automatic components are conformity by debugging, with accurate and reliable action,
setting values meet the design requirement.
6) 技术供水系统已安装完毕，调试合格，管路、阀门、过滤器等经耐压试验合格，无渗
漏现象。手动、自动控制工作正常；自动化元件已调试合格，动作准确可靠，整定值
符合设计要求。
6) Water-supply system is qualified by debugging. Withstand-pressure test of piping, valves
and filter is conformity and without leakage. Manual and automatic control is in normal
work; automatic components are conformity by debugging, with accurate and reliable
action, setting values meet the design requirement.
7) 水处理系统已安装调试完毕，各种管路、阀门、水泵、净水器、过滤器等经耐压试验
合格，无渗漏现象。加药装置、紫外线设备、生产-消防生活水箱补水设备、生活供
水设备等经调试合格。手动、自动控制工作正常；自动化元件已调试合格，动作准
确可靠，整定值符合设计要求。密封水供水条件具备。

第 13 页 共 31 页
 质量、环境、职业健康安全管理体系管理资料 真纳施工方案之二十
7) Water treatment system is conformity by acceptance. Withstand-pressure test of piping,
valves, water pumps, water purifiers and filters is qualified. Dosing device, UV
equipment, produce-fire-living water supply equipment and domestic water supply
equipment are qualified by commissioning. Manual and automatic control is in normal
work; automatic components are conformity by debugging, with accurate and reliable
action, setting values meet the design requirement. Sealing water supply is in condition.
8) 厂内渗漏排水和检修排水系统已安装调试完毕，验收合格。各排水泵、电动闸阀、
电磁阀启动工作正常，排水量满足运行及检修要求；手动、自动控制工作正常；
自动化元件已调试合格，动作准确可靠，整定值符合设计要求。
8) Leaking drainage system and maintenance drainage system inside powerhouse is
qualified by acceptance. Drainage pumps, electric gate valves, solenoid valves are
working normally; manual and automatic control is in normal work, discharge satisfy
the requirement of running and maintenance; automatic components are qualified by
debugging, with accurate and reliable action, setting values are conformity with the
design requirement.
9) 厂外集水井排水系统已安装调试完毕，验收合格。各排水泵、电动闸阀、电磁阀启
动工作正常，排水量满足运行及检修要求；手动、自动控制工作正常；自动化元
件已调试合格，动作准确可靠，整定值符合设计要求。
9) Drainage system of sump outside the powerhouse is qualified by acceptance. Drainage
pumps, electric gate valves, solenoid valves are working normally, discharge satisfy the
requirement of running and maintenance; manual and automatic control is in normal
work; automatic components are qualified by debugging, with a accurate and reliable
action, setting values are conformity with the design requirement.
10) 所有管路、阀门均完成安装后均按照有关规定刷漆完毕，并各出进、回腔管路流
向标识正确，各阀门已完成编号。
10) All piping and valves have been completely installed and painted as specified, the flow
logos of piping are correct and all valves have been numbered.

（八）电气一次设备检查 (VIII) Inspection of Electric Primary Equipment

1) 1、2＃主变压器已安装调试完毕，验收合格。分接开关置于系统要求位置，绝缘油化
验合格，瓦斯继电器及温度控制器检验合格，油冷却系统调试合格，事故排油系统、

第 14 页 共 31 页
 质量、环境、职业健康安全管理体系管理资料 真纳施工方案之二十
消防系统及安全保护措施符合设计要求，具备带电试验条件。
1) Installation of main transformer 1#&2# is qualified by acceptance. Tapping switch is set at
the position requested by system; insulation oil is qualified by test; gas relay and
temperature controller is conformity; oil cooling system is qualified by debugging;
accident oil discharge system, fire-fighting system and security measures which are
consistent with the design requirements are ready for live test.
2) 132kV 升压站设备（SF 6 断路器、隔离开关、电流互感器、电压互感器、避雷器、避雷
针等）已全部安装调试完毕，所有试验合格，具备带电试验条件。
2) Installation of 132kv step-up substation equipment (SF6 breaker, disconnecting switches,
current transformer, voltage transformer, surge arrestor, lightning rod)is qualified by test. It
is ready for live test.
3) 主厂房、升压站接地网已完成，其接地电阻值均已测试，符合设计要求。
3) Grounding network of main powerhouse and step-up substation is complete. Its resistance
value of grounding is consistent with the design requirement.
4) 12kV 共箱母线已安装完毕，试验合格，具备带电试验条件。
4) Installation of 12kV bus bar which is qualified by test is ready for live test.
5) 12kV 系统电气设备已安装调试完毕，所有试验合格，具备带电试验条件。外来电源
已经通过外来电源开关柜为外来变送电，并临时增加 2#厂变投入保证公用系统正常
运行。
5) Installation of electric equipment for 12kV system which is complete and qualified by test
is ready for live test. Foreign power source via foreign power switchgear supplies power
for foreign transformer; to ensure normal operation of utility system, temporarily commits
the service transformer 2#.
6) 厂用 400V 系统电气设备已安装调试完毕，试验合格。Ⅰ段、Ⅱ段母线电压均由 1＃厂
用变供电，需投运的相关设备已全部安装调试完毕，并已投入正常运行。备用自
投装置已检验合格，工作正常。
6) Installation of electric equipment for 400V service system is complete and passed the
test. Bus voltage of Section I and Section II is supplied by service transformer 1#;
relative equipments which need to be operated are in normal running. Standby
automatic running device is qualified by acceptance and working normally.
7) 发电机主引出线、中性点电流互感器及 1＃机组所属的一次设备、开关柜已安装完

第 15 页 共 31 页
 质量、环境、职业健康安全管理体系管理资料 真纳施工方案之二十
毕，所有试验合格，具备带电试验条件。
7) Installation of main lead-out wire and neutral point current transformer of generator and
primary equipment and switchgear of unit 1# is complete and passed the test. It is ready
for live test.
8) 带电设备已做好相应的安全保护措施，并在明显处悬挂相应的安全警示牌。
8) Responding security measures are available on live equipment and safety warning signs
are exist on clear places.
9) 本台机组运行需要的电气设备已做好防误送电隔离措施。
9) Isolation measures to prevent power transmission error are available on electric
equipment necessary for the unit operation.
10) 升压站带电前应在有关部门验收确认合格后方可进行设备通电试验。
10) Equipments of step-up substation cannot be conducted live test without qualified
acceptance by relative department.
11) 并协同有关厂家人员先后完成相关数据的测量和试验，并合格通过，详细实验
内容请参看《巴基斯坦真纳水电站机组启动试运行电气操作规程》。
11) Measuring and tests of relative data have been conducted, and passed. The detailed
testing contents please refer to Electric Operational Code for Unit Set-up Test of Jinnah
Hydropower Station.

（九）电气二次系统及回路检查 (IX) Inspection of Secondary Electric System and

Circuit

1) 1＃机组电气控制和保护设备及盘柜均已安装完毕，通电调试工作完成。1＃机组
LCU 监控系统及回路、机组辅助控制系统及回路均已安装完毕，调试合格。
1) Equipments and cabinets for electric control and protection of Unit 1# is completely
installed and tested on live. LCU supervision system and circuit, auxiliary control system
and circuit are qualified installed by debugging.
2) 公用 LCU、开关站 LCU 监控系统设备已安装完毕，监控装置本体调试已按设计要求
完成，各控制流程已满足设计要求。
2) Installation of supervision systems of service LCU and switchyard LCU is complete and
conformity with the design requirement.
3) 上位机系统已建立，整个网络通讯已形成。1＃机组 LCU、公用 LCU、开关站 LCU 监

第 16 页 共 31 页
 质量、环境、职业健康安全管理体系管理资料 真纳施工方案之二十
控系统与上位机之间已能正常实现通讯。
3) Upper system is established, and the whole network communication is available for work.
Supervision systems of Unit 1# LCU, service LCU and switchyard LCU can normally
communicate with the upper system.
4) 机组 LCU、公用 LCU、开关站 LCU 的输入回路已逐一检查，输入信号和输入数据均
准确可靠。
4) Input circuit of unit LCU, service LCU and switchyard LCU has been checked, with
accurate and reliable input signal and data.
5) 机组 LCU、公用 LCU、开关站 LCU 的开出回路已逐一检查，并逐一动作至现地设备，
所有设备均动作准确可靠。
5) Output circuit of Unit LCU, service LCU and switchgear LCU has been checked and act to
local equipment, with accurate and reliable actions.
6) LCU 与 132kV 断路器、12kV 断路器和隔离刀闸、400V 厂用电系统、油压装置、中低压
气系统、渗漏排水和检修排水系统的模拟传动试验已完成，动作准确可靠。
6) Simulated driving tests of LCU and 132kV breaker, 12kV breaker and disconnection
switch, 400V service power system, oil-pressure device, low-pressure gas system, leakage
drainage and service drainage system, are completed, with accurate and reliable action.
7) LCU 与机组辅助设备、励磁系统、调速系统的控制流程的模拟传动试验已完成。
7) Simulated driving tests of LCU and auxiliary equipment, excitation system and governing
system is completed.
8) 直流电源设备已安装完工检验合格，并投入工作正常；逆变装置及其回路已检验合
格。
8) Installation of DC power equipment is qualified by inspection, and committed into normal
work; inverter device and its circuit are qualified.
9) 以下电气操作回路已检查并进行模拟试验，动作准确可靠。
9) The following electric circuits have been conducted simulated tests.
a) 机组水力机械辅助设备自动操作回路；
a) Automatic operation circuit of auxiliary equipment of hydraulic machinery;
b) 机组调速器系统自动操作回路；
b) Automatic operation circuit of governor system;
c) 发电机励磁系统自动回路；
c) Automatic circuit of excitation system of generator;
第 17 页 共 31 页
 质量、环境、职业健康安全管理体系管理资料 真纳施工方案之二十
d) 发电机断路器操作回路；
d) Operational circuit of generator breaker;
e) 交、直流系统回路；
e) Circuit of DC/AC system;
f) 全厂公用设备操作回路；
f) Operational circuit of house service equipment;
g) 同期操作回路。
g) Circuit of synchronous operation;
h) 厂用 400V 系统备用电源自动投入回路；
h) Automatic running circuit of 400V service standby power system;
i) 132kV SF6 断路器操作回路；
i) Operational circuit of 132V SF6 breaker;
j) 火灾报警信号及操作回路。
j) Signal and operation circuit of fire alarm.
10) 以下电气控制和相关的保护系统、安全自动装置已安装检验合格， 电气二次的
电流回路和电压回路完成通电检查，二次回路绝缘合格，回路经总模拟试验，动
作正确可靠。所有电气保护及水力机械的有关整定值均严格执行甲方提供的定值
文件整定。
10) The following electric control system, protective system and automatic safety device is
qualified installed by acceptance. Current loop and voltage circuit of secondary electricity
is qualified by live inspection. All setting values of electric protection and hydraulic
machinery are conformity with the specifications.
a) 1＃发电机继电保护回路与故障录波回路；
a) Relay protection circuit and fault recorder circuit of generator 1#;
b) 1＃主变压器继电保护、冷却系统及故障录波回路；
b) Circuit of relay protection, cooling system and fault recorder of main transformer 1#;
c) 132kV 线路继电保护及故障录波回路；
c) Circuit of relay protection and fault recorder of 132kV line;
d) 132kV 母线继电保护及故障录波回路；
d) Circuit of relay protection and fault recorder of 132kV bus bar;
e) 厂用 12kV 系统各进线、出线及 400V 电源继电保护回路。
e) Circuit of relay protection of 12kV service system and 400V power;
第 18 页 共 31 页
 质量、环境、职业健康安全管理体系管理资料 真纳施工方案之二十
f) 仪表测量回路。
f) Circuit of instrument measurement.
11) 为保证试运行的正常运行，甲方提供的施工电源正确、可靠。照明布置合理，光线
充足，事故照明已检查合格。
11) To ensure normal commissioning, the construction power shall be correct and secured.
Illustration is proper arranged and emergency lighting is qualified by inspection.
12) 厂内外及中调、地调的通信电话应畅通（中控室与各操作层等）。
12) Telephone communication shall be smooth inside and outside the powerhouse (between
central control room and operation layers).

（十）消防与通风系统检查 (X) Inspection of Fire-fighting and Ventilation System

1) 主副厂房的消防设施已安装完工，检验合格，符合消防设计与规程要求。
1) Fire-fighting facilities at main & auxiliary powerhouse are qualified by inspection, meeting
the fire design requirement and codes.
2) 发电机消防控制机械、电气柜以及相关灭火管路、灭火喷嘴、灭火探测器等已安装检
验合格。
2) Fire control mechanical and electric cabinets of generator and relative fire-fighting piping,
fire nozzles and fire detectors are qualified by acceptance.
3) 全厂火灾报警与联动控制系统安装调试合格，火灾探头动作准确，联动控制动作正
确。
3) Fire alarm system and linkage control system of the whole plant is qualified by
debugging.
4) 全厂消防供水水源可靠，管路畅通，水量、水压满足设计要求。
4) Water source for fire-fighting supply is secured, piping is smooth, water quantity and
water pressure meets the design requirement.
5) 电缆防火堵料、涂料、防火隔板等安装完工，电缆穿越楼板、墙壁、 竖井、盘柜的孔
洞及电缆管口已可靠封堵。
5) Flame-proof sealing, coating and fire partition is completely installed; holes and cable
orifices are securely sealed.
6) 临时灭火器具配置已完成。
6) Temporary fire extinguishers are equipped.
7) 全厂通风和空调系统管路和设备安装完工，检验合格。自动防火阀已通电调试，
第 19 页 共 31 页
 质量、环境、职业健康安全管理体系管理资料 真纳施工方案之二十
动作准确。与消防系统联调完毕，确保火灾时能及时关闭风口。
7) Piping and equipment installation of ventilation and air conditioning system is qualified
by acceptance. Automatic fire dampers are qualified on live test.

四、机组充水试验 VI WATER-FILLING TEST

（一） 充水条件 (I) Water-filling Conditions

1. 确认坝前库区水位已蓄至最低发电水位。
1. Water level of reservoir before dam is at the minimum power level.
2. 经过业主、总包商、设计院、厂家、施工单位及和主要相关单位共同对流道进行检查
确认流道内符合运行要求。进行转轮室进入孔封堵；检查排水系统的水泵及油、水
气系统运行正常。
2. Flow passage meets the requirements for running. Manhole of runner chamber is sealed;
water pump for drainage system and oil-water-gas system is in normal work.
3. 确认进水闸门、尾水闸门处于关闭状态。确认各进人门已关闭牢靠，各检修排水阀
门已处于关闭状态。确认调速器、导水机构处于关闭状态，接力器锁定已投入。确
认空气围带、制动器处于投入状态。
3. Intake gates and tail gates are close. Manholes and emergency drainage valves are firmly
close. Governor and distributor are close, and the servomotor is locking. Air shroud ring
and breaker is in running state.
4. 确认水电站厂房检修、渗漏排水系统运行正常。
4. Emergency drainage system and leakage drainage system is in normal running.

（二）尾水流道充水 (II) Water-filling of Tailrace Flow Passage

1. 利用尾水倒灌冲水阀向尾水流道充水，在充水过程中随时检查水轮机导水机构、转轮
室、各进入门、伸缩节、主轴密封及空气围带、测压系统管路的漏水情况，记录测压表
计的读数。
1. Using back flowing of tail water to flush valve, fill water to the tailrace flow passage.
During water-filling, examine the water leakage, including distributor of turbine, runner
chamber, entry door, expansion joints, sealing and air shroud ring of main shaft and piping
of pressure measuring system etc.. Make record of data on pressure gauges.
第 20 页 共 31 页
 质量、环境、职业健康安全管理体系管理资料 真纳施工方案之二十
2. 充水过程中必须密切监视各部位的渗漏水情况，确保厂房及机组的安全，一旦发现
漏水等异常现象时，应立即停止充水并实行处理。充水过程中应检查排气情况。
2. When filling water, closely examine the water leakage of every part to ensure the safety of
powerhouse and units; once leakage or other abnormal phenomenon happened, stop filling
water to take treatment immediately.
3. 待充水至尾水位平压后，将尾水闸门提起，并安装尾水盖板。
3. When filling water to normal pressure of tail water, lift the tail gates to install tail capping
plate.
4. 以手动或自动方式做尾水闸门在静水中的启闭试验，调整、记录闸门启闭时间及表计
读数。作启闭操作试验，闸门应启闭可靠，位置指示准确。
4. Take static water open-close test manually or automatically for tail gates, adjust and make a
record of the open-close time and gauge data. When conduct the open-close operation test,
gates shall be reliably open and close with accurate position indication.

（二） 进水流道充水 (III) Water-filling of Intake Passage

1. 缓慢地打开进水流道充水阀，向进水流道充水，监视进水流道压力表读数，检查竖
井、管形座、导水机构、及各排水阀等各部位在充水过程中的工作状态。
1. Open the filling valve of intake passage slowly to fill water, examine the data on
pressure gauge, check the working condition of each part, including vertical shaft,
tubular seat, distributor and discharge valves etc..
2. 观察各测压表计及仪表管接头漏水情况，并监视水力测量系统各压力表计的读数。
2. Examine the leakage of pressure gauges and joints of gauge tube, and observe the data
of pressure gauges of hydraulic measurement system.
3. 充水过程中，检查流道排气是否畅通。
3. When filling water, check whether air discharge of flow passage is clear.
4. 待充水至上游水位平压后，将进水闸门提起。
4. When filling water to the equal pressure of upstream level, lift intake gates.
5. 观察厂内渗漏水情况及渗漏水排水泵排水能力和运转可靠性。
5. Observe water leakage of powerhouse, the drainage capacity and operation reliability of
drainage pump.
6. 将机组技术供水管路系统的阀门打开，启动供水泵，使压力水通过各冷却水管路，

第 21 页 共 31 页
 质量、环境、职业健康安全管理体系管理资料 真纳施工方案之二十
检查管路阀门、各接头法兰通水后的工作情况。
6. Open valves of water supply piping system, start water supply pumps, so that pressure
water can go through the cooling water piping. Check the working condition of all
valves and flanges.

五、水轮发电机组空载试运行 V. NO-LOAD COMMISSIONING OF

TURBINE-GENERATOR UNIT

（一）首次手动开机前的准备 (I) Preparation before First Manual Startup

1. 开机前的准备状态指除励磁和导叶外，其他系统都处于投入运行状态。
1. The readiness before startup is that all systems are in working condition except for
excitation and guide vanes.
2. 确认充水试验中出现的问题已处理合格。
2. Problems found in water-filling test are solved.
3. 主机周围各层场地已清理干净，吊物孔盖板已盖好，通道畅通，照明充足，无关
人员退出 1＃机组工作现场，通迅指挥系统可随时使用，各部位运行人员已进入岗
位，各测量仪器、仪表已调整就位。
3. Places around main machine is cleaned up, capping plate for lifting hole is covered, access
is clear, lighting is enough; nonessentials exits the working place of Unit 1#;
communication control system is ready; all operation staff are in place, all measuring
instrument and gauges are available.
4. 上、下游水位已记录，各部位原始温度已记录。
4. Water levels of upstream and downstream are recorded, primary temperatures of each part
are written down.
5. 尾水闸门、进水闸门确认在全开位置。
5. Tail gates and intake gates are in full-open position.
6. 调速器处于准备工作状态，并切换于“电手动”位置。
6. Governor is in working condition, and switch to “manual” position.
7. 漏油装置处于自动位置。
7. Leak oil device is in automation place.
8. 测速系统各设备投入。

第 22 页 共 31 页
 质量、环境、职业健康安全管理体系管理资料 真纳施工方案之二十
8. Equipment of tachometer system is ready.
9. 机组的水机操作保护，以及测量系统、音响、信号回路投入。
9. Operational protection of turbine, measuring system, sound and signal circuit is working.
10. 发电机出口断路器断开，转子集电环碳刷拔出。
10. Generator outlet breaker is disconnected; collector ring brush of rotor is extracted.
11. 增速器油控制系统投入自动运行状态。
11. Oil control system of speed increaser is in automatic operation state.
12. 拆除所有试验用的短路接线及接地线。
12. Short-circuit wiring and grounding wiring for test is removed.
13. 外接标准频率表及用光转速表监视发电机转速表已装好。
13. External standard frequency meter and optical tachometer for generator tachometer are
qualified installed.
14. 润滑油系统投入运行状态，并确认轴承供油正常。
14. Lubrication system is working, and oil supply or bearing is normal.
15. 调速器锁锭退出。
15. Locking device of governor has escaped.
16. 水轮机检修密封空气围带排气。
16. Air shroud string for maintenance sealing of turbine is ventilating.
17. 投入主轴密封润滑供水，水压正常；油冷却器供水视具体情况，若油温过高
（>25℃时），投入油冷却器供水。
17. Start lubricating water supply of main shaft sealing, with normal water pressure; when
oil temperature is over-heated (>25℃), start water supply of oil cooler.
18. 手动复位制动闸。
18. Re-set the brake valve by hand.
19. 启动高压油顶起装置，并确认大轴已有效顶起。
19. Start high-pressure oil lift device, making sure the main shaft is effectively
lifted.
20. 增速器各自动化原件投入使用，油泵已经工作 10 分钟。
20. Each automatic component of increaser commits to work, while oil pump has been
working for 10 minutes.

第 23 页 共 31 页
 质量、环境、职业健康安全管理体系管理资料 真纳施工方案之二十
（三） 首次电手动开机 (II) First Startup by Hand

1. 确认转动前的检查已完成，并符合要求，具备手动开机条件。
1. It is ready for manual startup.
2. 拔出接力器锁定，启动高压油顶起装置。
2. Extract servo locking, starting high-pressure oil lift device.
3. 调速器控制柜在“电手动、当地”位置，逐渐开启导水叶使机组启动，待机组转
速升至 50%Ne 时作短暂停留，无异常后升至额定转速，记录机组在此水头（上、
下游水位）下的启动开度和空载开度。校验电转速表应位于 100%位置。
3. Control cabinet of governor is at “manual, local” position, starting the Unit by gradually
open guide vanes; when unit speed rising to 50%Ne, stop for a while, then rise to the
rated speed if no abnormal is found, and record the start opening and no-load opening of
the Unit at this water-head (upstream and downstream water level). Speed indicator for
inspection shall be at the 100% position.
4. 由专人负责监视轴承温度、摆度、振动、转速和水压等。
4. Bearing temperature, swing, vibration, speed and water pressure shall be examined by
designated person.
5. 手动打开调速器的导叶开度限制机构，待机组开始转动后，将导叶关回，由各部观
察人员检查和确认机组转动与静止部件之间无摩擦或碰撞情况。记录机组的启动开度
5. Manually open the limit mechanism for guide vane opening of governor. When unit starts
to work, close the guide vanes, checking and confirming that there is no friction or
collision between rotating parts and stationary parts. Record the start opening of Unit.
6. 确认各部位正常后，手动打开导叶启动机组。当机组转速升到接近额定转速的 50%
时可暂停升速，观察各部无异常后继续升速，使机组在额定转速下运行。
6. Manually open the guide vanes to start unit until each part is normal. When the unit speed
rises to 50% of rated speed, stop for a while, until there is no abnormal before rising to
rated speed.
7. 当机组转速升至额定转速的 80%后，可手动切除高压油顶起装置，并校验电气转速
继电器相应的触点。当机组转速达到额定值时，校验机组各部转速表指示正确。记录
当时水头下机组的空载开度。
7. When the unit speed rises to 80% of rated speed, high-pressure oil lift device can be
manually removed, checking the responding contact point of electric speed relay. When the

第 24 页 共 31 页
 质量、环境、职业健康安全管理体系管理资料 真纳施工方案之二十
unit speed reaches rated speed, indication on tachometer shall be correct, recording no-load
opening under this water-head.
8. 在机组升速过程中应派专人严密监视推力瓦和各部导轴瓦的温度，不应有急剧升高
及下降现象。机组启动达到额定转速后，在半小时内，应每隔 5min 测量记录，之后
可适当延长时间间隔，并绘制推力瓦和各导轴瓦的温升曲线。空载运行 4h~6h 以使油
温稳定，记录稳定的轴承温度值，此值不应超过设计规定值。记录各轴承的油流量、
油压和油温。
8. During speed increasing, the temperature of thrust pads and guiding pads shall be closely
monitored to prevent rapid speed rise or fall. After reached the rated speed, it shall be
measured every 5 minutes in half an hour, after that the interval time can be extended;
then work out the temperature curve of thrust pad and guiding pad. Conduct the no-load
running for 4h~6h to stabilize the oil temperature; record the stable temperature of
bearing which shall not exceed the designed value. Record the oil flow, oil pressure and
oil temperature of each bearing.
9. 机组启动过程中，应密切监视各部位运转情况，如发现金属碰撞或 摩擦声、推力
瓦温度突然升高，机组摆度过大等不正常现象则应立即停机检查处理。
9. During unit start process, closely monitor the running condition of each part; if any
abnormal phenomenon is found, such as metal collision or friction, sharp rise of thrust
pad temperature and over swing, stop to examine the unit immediately.
10. 监视水轮机主轴密封及各部位水温、水压，有条件可以观察、记录水封漏水情况。
10. Monitor main shaft sealing, water temperature and pressure of turbine; if it is possible,
examine and record the leakage of water sealing.
11. 监视增速器运转情况，检查噪声、振动以及进出口法兰摆度情况，如发现噪声大
振动摆度大等不正常现象应立即停机检查处理。
11. Monitor the running of speed increaser, checking the noise, vibration and flange swing
at entrance; if any abnormal phenomenon is found, stop to check immediately.
12. 记录全部水量测量系统表计读数和机组监测装置的表计读数如水轮机流量差压
监测、上下游水位差压监测、机组振动摆度监测等。
12. Record the data on flow measuring meters and monitor unit device meters, for
example, flow differential monitoring of turbine, water level differential monitoring of
upstream and downstream, vibration and swing monitoring of unit.

第 25 页 共 31 页
 质量、环境、职业健康安全管理体系管理资料 真纳施工方案之二十
13. 有条件时，应测量并记录机组水轮机导轴承等部位的运行摆度（双振幅），其
值应符合规范的规定，但不应超过导轴承总间隙。
13. If it is possible, measure and record the running swing of guide bearing for turbine
which shall not exceed the total gaps of guide bearing.
14. 测量并记录机组各部位振动，其值应符合要求。否则。应按有关规定进行动平衡
试验。
14. Measure and record the vibration of each part whose values shall be conformity with
the requirement; or, it shall be conducted the balancing test.
15. 测量发电机一次残压及相序，相序应正确。观察其波形应完好。
15. Measure the primary residual pressure and phase sequence of generator. The phase
sequence shall be correct and wave shape shall be complete.
16. 专人测量并监视增速器噪音、振动、摆度等，并观察记录内部油温状况。
16. Measure and monitor the noise, vibration and swing of increaser by special person,
recording the internal oil temperature.

（三）电手动停机及停机后检查 (III) Manual Shutdown and Inspection after Shutdown

机组开机运行约 4 小时，待瓦温稳定后停机检查。
After 4 hours running, stop the unit to check when pad temperature is stable.
1. 投入高压油顶起装置，电手动关导水叶停机。
1. Start high-pressure oil lift device, manually shut down the guide vanes.
2. 当机组转速降至 30%Ne 时手动投入机械。
2. When the unit speed drops to 30% Ne, manually start machinery.
3. 停机后，投入空气围带，切除主轴密封润滑供水。
3. After unit shutdown, run the air shroud ring; stop the lubricating water supply of main shaft
sealing.
4. 停机过程中检查各部位轴承温度变化情况、各部位油槽油面的变化情况。录制停机转
速和时间关系曲线。
4. During unit shutdown, examine the changes of bearing temperatures and oil levels of each
oil reservoir. Work out the curve of stop speed and time.
5. 停机后投入所有机械和电气锁定及保护，再检查各部分螺丝、销钉、锁片及键是否松
动或脱落。进行转子检查发电机上、下游挡风板、挡风圈是否松动或脱落。检查转子磁
极阻尼环等连接螺栓有无松动现象。检查风闸的磨擦情况。
第 26 页 共 31 页
 质量、环境、职业健康安全管理体系管理资料 真纳施工方案之二十
5. Commit all machinery, electric locking and protection device after unit shutdown, checking
the fixation of screws, pins, clamps and keys. Check the firmness of air deflector and baffle
ring at upstream and downstream of generator. Check the fixation of connection bolts of
pole damper of rotator.

（四）调速器空载扰动试验 (IV) No-load Disturbance Test of Governor

电手动开机，待机组运行至瓦温基本稳定后进行空载扰动试验。
Start up by hand, and then take the no-load disturbance test when the pad temperature
becomes stable.
1. 空载扰动试验应选择适当的调节参数，使之满足以下要求：
1. No-load disturbance test shall adopt proper adjustable parameters, so as to meet the
following requirements:
a. 利用微机信号发生器进行空载扰动试验，扰动量一般为±8% （4HZ）。
a. Use microcomputer signal generator to take no-load disturbance test, with
disturbance of ±8%（4HZ）
b. 转速最大超调量，不应超过转速扰动量的 30%。
b. The maximum overshoot speed shall not exceed 30% of speed disturbance.
c. 超调次数不超过两次。
c. Overshoot times shall not exceed twice.
d. 从扰动开始到不超过机组转速摆动规定值为止的调节时间应符合设计规定。
d. The regulating time from disturbance to the maximum value of speed vibration shall
be conformity with the design requirement.
2. 进行“电手 动 自动”切换试验，接力器应无明显摆动。在自动调
节状态下，机组转速相对摆动值不应超过±0.15%。
3. Switching between “Manual Automation”, there shall be no
obvious swing of servomotor. Under automatic regulation state, relative swing value of
unit speed shall not exceed ±0.15%.

（五）过速试验 (V) Over-speed Test

1. 退出机组过速保护；
1. Escape the unit over-speed protection;

第 27 页 共 31 页
 质量、环境、职业健康安全管理体系管理资料 真纳施工方案之二十
2. 机组运行至瓦温稳定后，进行过速试验。手动操作导叶开度，开大导叶，使转速迅
速升高，至过速保护动作值，检查过速保护动作值。过速中测定各部分的摆度、振
动、温度在过速前后的情况，过速后对机组全面检查。
2. Conduct the over-speed test when pad temperature becomes stable. Control the guide
vane opening manually; rapidly rise to over-speed protection value, checking the value
of over-speed protection. When over-speed, check the swing, vibration and temperature
of each part before and after over-speed. Take a thorough inspection to the unit after
over-speed test.
3. 在过速试验时，尾水闸门应有专人守候。
3. There shall be special persons to monitor at tail gates during the over-speed test.
4. 测量并记录机组各部位振动，其值应符合要求。否则。应按有关规定进行动平衡试验。
4. Vibration value of each part shall be conformity with the requirement; or, it shall be
conducted the balance test.
5. 在机组升速过程中应派专人严密监视推力瓦和各部导轴瓦的温度，不应有急剧升高
及下降现象。机组启动达到额定转速后，在半小时内，应每隔 5min 测量记录，之后
可适当延长时间间隔，并绘制推力瓦和各导轴瓦的温升曲线。空载运行 4h~6h 以使油
温稳定，记录稳定的轴承温度值，此值不应超过设计规定值。记录各轴承的油流量、
油压和油温。
5. In unit speed increasing process, the temperature of thrust pads and guide pads shall be
closely monitored to prevent rapid speed rise or fall. When it reaches the rated speed, it
shall be measured every 5 minutes in half an hour, after that the interval time can be
extended; then work out the temperature curve of thrust pads and guiding pads. Conduct
the no-load running for 4h~6h to stabilize the oil temperature; record the stable
temperature of bearing which shall not exceed the designed value. Record the oil flow, oil
pressure and oil temperature of each bearing.
6. 机组启动过程中，应密切监视各部位运转情况，如发现金属碰撞或摩擦声、推力瓦温
度突然升高，机组摆度过大等不正常现象则应立即停机检查处理。
6. In unit startup process, the running condition of each part shall be closely monitored; if any
abnormal phenomenon is found, such as metal collision or friction, sharp rise of thrust pad
temperature and over swing, stop to check the unit immediately.
7. 监视水轮机主轴密封及各部位水温、水压，有条件可以观察、记录水封漏水情况。

第 28 页 共 31 页
 质量、环境、职业健康安全管理体系管理资料 真纳施工方案之二十
7. Monitor the main shaft sealing, water temperature and pressure of turbine; if it is possible,
examine and record the leakage of water sealing.

（六）机组自动开、停机试验 (VI) Automatic Startup and Shutdown Test of Unit

1. 自动开机前准备工作：
1. Preparation before automatic startup
1）调速器处于“自动”位置，功率给定置于“空载”位置，频率给定置于额定频率，
调速器参数在空载最佳位置。
1) Governor is at “Automation” place, given power is at “no-load” place, given frequency
is at rated frequency, and governor parameter is at the best place of no-load.
2）确认高压油顶起装置在自动状态，确认润滑油系统等机组各辅助设备均处于自动
状态。
2) High-pressure oil lift device is in automatic state, auxiliary equipment like lubricating
oil system is in automatic state.
3）确认所有水力机械保护回路均已投入，且自动开机条件已具备。
3) Protective circuit of hydraulic machinery is working, conditions for automatic startup is
ready.
4）自动开机，检查或记录下列各项：
4) Automatic startup, check or record the following items:
A. 检查自动开机程序及各自动化元件动作是否正确，检查技术供水等辅助设备投
入情况。
A. Check whether the procedure of automatic startup and action of automatic
components is correct, inspecting the running condition of auxiliary equipment,
such as technical water supply.
B. 检查高压油顶起装置的动作和油压等工作情况。
B. Check the action and oil pressure of high-pressure oil lift device.
C. 检查电气液压调速器动作情况。
C. Check the action of electrohydraulic governor.
D. 记录自发出开机脉冲至机组开始转动需的时间。
D. Record the time form startup pulse to the moment starting rotate.
E. 记录自发出开机脉冲到机组达到额定转速的时间。
E. Record the time from startup pulse to the moment reaching rated speed.
第 29 页 共 31 页
 质量、环境、职业健康安全管理体系管理资料 真纳施工方案之二十
F. 检查测速装置的转速触点动作是否正确。
F. Check if action of speed contact for tachometer device is correct.
5）自动停机，检查或记录下列各项：
5) Automatic shutdown, check or record the following items:
A. 检查自动停机程序及各自动化元件动作是否正确。
A. Check whether the procedure of automatic startup and action of automatic components
is correct.
B. 记录自发出停机脉冲至机组转速降至制动转速所需时间。
B. Record the time from shutdown pulse to the moment speed falling to braking speed.
C. 检查测速装置的转速触点及调速器动作是否正确。
C. Check whether the speed contacts of tachometer device and the action of governor is
correct.
D. 当机组转速降至 30%额定转速时，高压油顶起装置能自动投入。当机组停机后能
自动停止高压油顶起装置。制动闸保持投入状态。
D. When the unit speed falls to 30% of rated speed, high-pressure oil lift device can start to
work automatically. When the unit shutdown, high-pressure oil lift device can stop
automatically. Brake pawl is always in working state.
6) 自动开机，模拟各种机械与电气事故，检查事故停机回路及流程的正确性和可靠性。
检查各部位事故紧急停机按钮动作的可靠性。
6) Starting up automatically, simulate various mechanical and electric accidents, checking the
correctness and reliability of accident shutdown circuit and procedures. Check the
reliability of button action for emergency shutdown.
2. 现地 LCU 自动开机
2. Automatic startup of local LCU
1） 调速器处于“自动”位置，功率给定置于空载位置，频率给定置于额定频率位置，
调速器参数空载最佳位置。
1) Governor is at “automation” position; given power is at no-load position; given frequency
is at rated frequency position; governor parameter is at the best position of no-load.
2） 高压顶起系统、轴承供油系统、主轴密封润滑供水、刹车装置、冷却水系统等均处于
“自动”位置，具备自动开机条件。
2) High-pressure lift system, oil supply system of bearing, lubricating water supply of main
shaft sealing, brake device and cooling water system are all at “automation” position, and
第 30 页 共 31 页
 质量、环境、职业健康安全管理体系管理资料 真纳施工方案之二十
ready for automatic startup.
3） 机组 LCU 操作机组自动启动，检查监视以下项目：
3) Unit LCU is automatically start, check and monitor the following items:
A. 检查监视开机过程各自动化元件的动作情况。
A. Check and monitor the action of automatic components in startup process.
B. 记录自发开机脉冲至机组达到额定转速的时间。
B. Record the time from startup pulse to the moment reaching rated speed of unit.
C. 检查轴承高压顶起装置的动作情况。
C. Check the action of high-pressure lift device of bearing.
D. 检查调速器动作情况。
D. Check the action of governor.
3. 现地 LCU 自动停机
3. Automatic shutdown of local LCU
在机组 LCU 操作机组自动停机，检查监视以下项目：
Automatically shutting down controlled by unit LCU, check and monitor the following
items:
A. 机组自动化元件的动作情况。
A. Check the action of automatic components of unit.
B. 记录自发出停机脉冲至机组转速为“0”的时间。
B. Record the time from shutdown pulse till the unit speed becomes “0”.
C. 检查轴承高压顶起装置及刹车装置的动作情况。
C. Check the action of high-pressure lift device of bearing and brake device.
D. 检查调速器动作情况。
D. Check the action of governor.
4. 使用中控室侧 LCU 进行自动开机、停机试验，并检查上述内容。
4. Conduct the automatic startup and shutdown test by using the LCU at the side of center
control room.

（七）发电机短路升流试验 (VII) Short-circuit Step-up Current Test of Generator

1. 在发电机出口断路器前端（发电机端）设置三相短路线。
1. Set three-phase short-circuit wire at the front-end of breaker of generator exit.
2. 检查发电机定子、转子绝缘电阻。

第 31 页 共 31 页
 质量、环境、职业健康安全管理体系管理资料 真纳施工方案之二十
2. Check the insulating resistance of generator stator and rotor.
3. 发电机断路器、发电机电压设备及有关高压设备均已试验合格，具备投入运行的条件
退出发电机差动保护。
3. Circuit breaker, voltage equipment and relative high-voltage equipment of generator are
qualified by tests, and it is ready for running; escape the differential protection of
generator.
4. 调速器置电手动位置。
4. Governor is set at the manual position.
5. 再次手动开机至额定转速，发电机各部位温度应稳定，正常。
5. Manually starting up generator again to the rated speed, temperatures of each part shall be
stable and normal.
6. 用厂用电提供主励磁装置电源，合灭磁开关，通过励磁装置手动升流至 25%定子额
定电流，检查发电机各电流回路的正确性和对称性。
6. Power of main excitation device is supplied by the service power. Closing demagnetizing
switch, through excitation device, increase the current to 25% rated current of stator to
check the correctness and symmetry of current loop.
7. 检查各继电保护电流回路的极性和相位，绘制继电保护向量图，检查测量表计指示
是否正常。
7. Check the polarity and phase of current loop for relay protection, drawing the vector
diagram of relay protection, and checking indication of measuring gauges.
8. 升至发电机额定电流，测量发电机轴电压，检查碳刷及集电环工作情况；跳灭磁开
关，检验灭磁情况是否正常，录制发电机三相短路特性曲线。
8. Increase the current to rated current of generator, measuring the voltage of generator shaft,
checking the working condition of carbon brushes and collecting rings; trip magnetizing
switch, checking whether the demagnetizing is normal, and working out the characteristic
curve of three-phase short circuit of generator.
9. 检查发电机定子绝缘电阻，如不合格，则进行短路干燥，（干燥所加电流按厂家资
料说明进行）。
9. Check the insulating resistance of generator stator, if unqualified, dry it in short-circuit.
10. 试验完成后拆除发电机短路的短路线。
10. After test, remove short-circuit wire of generator short-circuit.

第 32 页 共 31 页
 质量、环境、职业健康安全管理体系管理资料 真纳施工方案之二十
（八）发电机零起升压试验 (VIII) Zero Step-up Voltage Test of Generator

1. 发电机升压试验应具备的条件：
1. Conditions for step-up voltage test of generator:
a) 发电机保护装置投入，辅助设备及信号回路电源投入。
a) Protection device of generator is running, auxiliary equipment and signal circuit
power is available.
b) 发电机振动、摆度及空气间隙监测装置投入。
b) Monitoring device for vibration, swing and air gap of generator is available.
c) 发电机断路器在断开位置。
c) Generator breaker is disconnected.
d) 以厂用电为电源的主励磁装置具备升压条件。
d) Main excitation device supplied by service power is ready for step-up voltage.
2. 自动开机至空载后，检查各部位是否运行正常。测量发电机升流试验后的残压值，
并检查三相电压的对称性。
2. After automatic startup to no-load, check the working condition of each part. Measure
the residual pressure of generator after step-up current test, and check the symmetry of
three-phase voltage.
3. 手动升压至 25%额定电压值，并检查下列各项:
3. Manually increase the voltage to 25% of rated voltage, and check the following items:
a. 发电机及引出母线，发电机断路器，分支回路等设备带电是否正常。
a. Check normalness of electrification of generator and its lead-out bus, generator
breaker and branch circuit.
b. 机组运行中各部振动及摆度是否正常。
b. Check the normalness of vibration and swing of each part in unit runing.
c. 电压回路二次侧相序、相位和电压值是否正确。
c. Check the correct of side phase sequence, phase and voltage of secondary voltage
circuit.
4. 升压至 50%额定电压，跳开灭磁开关检查灭弧情况，录制示波图。
4. When increasing voltage to 50% of rated voltage, check the arc extinction by tripping
demagnetizing switch, and draw the oscillogram.
5. 继续升压至发电机额定电压值，检查带电范围内一次设备运行情况， 测量二次电压

第 33 页 共 31 页
 质量、环境、职业健康安全管理体系管理资料 真纳施工方案之二十
的相序和相位，测量机组振动与摆度；测量发电机轴电压，检查轴电流保护装置。
5. Continue to increase the voltage to rated voltage, checking the working condition of
primary equipment in electrified range, measuring the phase sequence and phase of
secondary voltage, the vibration and swing of unit; measure the voltage of generator shaft,
checking the current protection device of shaft.
6. 在额定电压下跳灭磁开关，检查灭弧情况并录制灭磁过程示波图。
6. Tripping the demagnetizing switch under rated voltage, check arc extinction and work out
the oscillogram of demagnetization.
7. 零起升压，每隔 10%额定电压记录定子电压、转子电流与机组频率，录制发电机空
载特性的上升曲线。
7. Increasing the voltage from zero, record the stator voltage, rotor current and unit frequency
when increasing every 10% of rated voltage; work out the increasing curve of no-load
characteristics of generator.
8. 继续升压，当发电机励磁电流升至额定值时，测量发电机定子最高电压。
8. When exciting current of generator increases to rated value, measure the maximum voltage
of generator stator.
9. 由额定电压开始降压，每隔 10%额定电压记录定子电压、转子电流与机组频率，录
制发电机空载特性的下降曲线。
9. Decreasing voltage from the rated voltage, record the stator voltage, rotor current and unit
frequency when decreasing every 10% of rated voltage, and work out the decreasing curve
of no-load characteristics of generator.

（九）水轮发电机组带主变压器及高压配电装置试验

(IX) Hydrogenerator Test with Main Transformer and High-voltage Distribution Device
1. 短路升流试验
1. Short-circuit step-up current test
1）短路升流试验条件：
1) Conditions for short-circuit step-up current test:
A: 主变压器高压侧及高压配电装置的适当位置，已设置可靠的三相短路点。
A: Secured three phase short circuit points have been set at the proper position of high-
voltage side of main transformer and high-pressure distribution device.

第 34 页 共 31 页
 质量、环境、职业健康安全管理体系管理资料 真纳施工方案之二十
B：投入发电机继电保护、自动装置和主变压器冷却器及控制信号回路。
B: Commit the generator relay protection, automatic device, cooler and control signal
loop of main transformer.
2）开机后递升加电流，检查各电流回路的通流情况和表计指示，并检查主变压器、
母线和线路保护等的电流极性和相位，必要时绘制向量图。
2) Ascending the current after startup, check the current-passing and gauge indications of
current loops, and check the current polarity and phase of main transformer, bus bar and
line protection; drawn the vector diagram if necessary.
3）前项检查正确后投入主变器高压引出线和母线的保护装置。
3) After former inspection is correct, start the protection device of high-voltage lead-out
wire and bus of main transformer.
4）升流试验结束后模拟主变压器保护动作，检查跳闸回路是否正确，相关断路器是
否可靠跳闸。
4) After step-up current test, simulate the protection action of main transformer to check
whether the tripping loop is correct and relative breakers are reliably tripped.
2. 单相接地试验
2. Single phase grounding test
主变压器及高压配电装置单相接地试验按 DL/T507—2002 要求进行。
Single phase grounding test of main transformer and high-voltage distribution device
shall be executed as per DL/T507—2002.
3. 升压试验
3. Step-up voltage test
1）拆除主变压变器高压侧及高压配电装置各短路点的短路线。
1) Remove all short-circuit wire for short-circuit point at high-voltage side of main
transformer and high-voltage distribution device.
2）手动递升加压，分别在发电机额定电压值的 25%、50%、75%、100%等情况下检查
一次设备的工作情况。
2) Manually step up the voltage, checking the work of primary equipment separately at 25%,
50%, 75% and 100% of rated voltage of generator.
3）检查电压回路和同期回路的电压相序和相位应正确。
3) Check the correct of voltage phase sequence and phase of voltage circuit and synchronous
circuit.
第 35 页 共 31 页
 质量、环境、职业健康安全管理体系管理资料 真纳施工方案之二十
（十）励磁装置调整和试验 (X) Adjustment and Test of Excitation Device

1. 进行晶闸管励磁调节器的自动起励试验。
1. Conduct the automatic initial excitation test of thyristor excitation regulator.
2. 检查励磁调节系统的电压调整范围，应符合设计要求。自动励磁调节器应能在发电机
空载额定电压的 70%~132%范围内进行稳定且平滑地调节。
2. The voltage adjusting range of excitation regulation system shall be conformity with the
design requirement. Automatic excitation regulator can stably and smoothly regulate in
70%~132% of rated no-load voltage of generator.
3. 在发电机额定转速下，起励检查手动控制单元调节范围，下限不得高于发电机空载
励磁电压的 20%，上限不低于发电机额定励磁电压的 132%。
3. Under the rated generator speed, start excitation to check the adjusting range of manual
control unit, the lower limit shall not higher than 20% of no-load excitation voltage and the
upper limit shall not lower than 132%.
4. 测量励磁调节器开环放大倍数值。录制和观察励磁调节器各部特性。对于晶闸管励磁
系统，还应在额定空载励磁电流情况下，检查功率整流桥的均流系数，其值不应低
于 0.85.
4. Measure the open-loop amplification power of excitation regulator. Examine and record the
characteristics of excitation regulator. To thyristor excitation system, the equalizing
coefficient of power rectifier which shall not lower than 0.85 shall be checked under the
rated no-load excitation current.
5. 分别在发电机空载状态下，检查励磁调节投入、上下限调节、手动和自动切换、通道切
换、带励磁调节器开停机等情况下的稳定性和超调量。在发电机空载且转速在额定转
速的 95%~100%范围内，突然投入励磁系统，使发电机机端电压从零上升到额定值
时，电压超调量不大于额定值的 10%，振荡次数不超过 2 次，调节时间不大于 5s。
5. When unit is in no-load state, check the stability and over-regulating capacity under the
condition of excitation regulating, upper and lower limit regulating, manual and
automatic switching, access switching, startup and shutdown of regulator with
excitation. When generator is no-load and in 95%~100% of rated speed, suddenly start
the excitation system to rise the voltage from zero to rated value, the over-regulating
capacity of voltage shall not exceed 10% of rated value, vibration times shall not exceed
twice, and regulation time shall not exceed 5s.
第 36 页 共 31 页
 质量、环境、职业健康安全管理体系管理资料 真纳施工方案之二十
6. 在发电机空载状态下，人工加入 10%阶跃量干扰，检查自动励磁调节器的调节情
况，超调量、超调次数、调节时间应满足设计要求。
6. When generator is in no-load condition, artificially adding 10% of step capacity to
disturb it, check the regulation condition of automatic excitation regulator whose over-
regulating capacity, over-regulating times and regulating time shall meet the design
requirement.
7. 带自动励磁调节器的发电机电压—频率特性试验，应在发电机空载状态下，使发
电机转速在额定转速的±10%范围内改变，测定发电机端电压变化值，录制发电机
电压—频率特性曲线。频率每变化 1%，自动励磁调节系统应保证发电机电压和变
化值不大于额定值的±25%。
7. Voltage-frequency characteristic test of generator with automatic excitation regulator,
under no-load condition, shall make the generator speed change in the range of ±10% of
rated speed, measuring change values of generator voltage, and working out the
characteristics curve of generator voltage—frequency. In every 1% change of frequency,
automatic excitation regulation system shall ensure the generator voltage and change
value less than ±0.25% of rated value.
8. 晶闸管励磁调节器应进行低励磁、过励磁、电压互感器断线、过电压、均流等保护的
调整及模拟动作试验，其动作应正确。
8. Thyristor excitation regulator shall be conducted protection adjustment and simulation
test on low excitation protection, over excitation protection, break protection of voltage
transformer, over voltage protection and equalizing protection.
9. 对于采用三相全控整流桥的静止励磁装置，应进行逆变灭磁试验并符合要求。
9. Inverter demagnetizing test shall be taken on static excitation device which adopts three-
phase full-control bridge rectification.

（十一）电力系统对主变压器冲击合闸试验 (XI) Impulse Closing Test of Main

Transformer by Power System

1. 主变压器冲击合闸试验从高压侧进行，试验前确认 1#主变压器低压侧与 1#、2#发电

机、1#厂变的断路器处于分闸状态并在试验位置。并对变压器油做色谱分析，做好记
录。
1. Impulse closing test of main transformer shall be take at high-voltage side. Before test,

第 37 页 共 31 页
 质量、环境、职业健康安全管理体系管理资料 真纳施工方案之二十
make sure that breakers at low-voltage side of main transformer 1#, generator 1# & 2# and
service transformer 1# are in open state and at test position. Analyze the chromatography
of transformer oil and make record.
2. 投入 1#主变保护装置及冷却系统的控制、保护及信号装置。
2. Start the protection device of main transformer 1#, control, protection and signal device of
cooling system.
3. 主变分接头位置应按照要求的电压数值，调整好档位。
3. Tap changing position of main transformer shall be adjusted according to the required
voltage value.
4. 冲击前主变瓦斯保护要求将轻瓦斯改为动作状态。
4. Before impulse, required by the gas protection of main transformer, the light gas shall
switch to action state.
5. 投入主变中性点接地隔离开关。
5. Put grounding isolation switch for neutral point of main transformer into use.
6. 合 1#主变高压侧 132kV 断路器，利用系统电源对主变冲击，冲击合闸共进行 5 次，
每次间隔 10min，检查主变有无异常。
6. Close the 132kV breaker at high-voltage side of main transformer 1#. Using the impulse of
main transformer caused by system power, make impulse closing every 10 min and repeat
5times.
7. 检查主变压器差动保护及瓦斯保护的工作情况，录制主变压器冲击时的激磁涌流
示波图。
7. Check the working condition of differential protection of main transformer and gas
protection, working out the magnetizing inrush current oscillogram of main transformer
impulse.
8. 进行机端 1#厂用变的三次冲击合闸试验，测量 1#厂用变低压侧二次电压相序。
8. Conduct impulse closing test of service transformer 1# for three times, measure the
secondary voltage phase sequence at low-voltage side of service transformer 1#.
9. 利用系统电源带厂用电，进行厂用电源切换试验。
9. Using system power bearing service power, take the test of service power switching.
10. 冲击试验后对主变压器油再一次做色谱分析，比较冲击试验前后有无异常。冲击
后恢复轻瓦斯装置信号状态。

第 38 页 共 31 页
 质量、环境、职业健康安全管理体系管理资料 真纳施工方案之二十
10. After impulse test, make another chromatography analysis on main transformer oil,
comparing the difference before and after impulse test. Resume the signal state of light
gas device after impulse.

六、机组并列试验 VI PARALLEL TEST OF UNIT

1. 检查 1#发电机同期回路，确保其正确性。检查 1#发电机端口断路 器处于分闸状

态并位于试验位置。
1. Check the synchronous circuit of generator 1#, ensuring its correctness. Terminal
breaker of generator 1# shall be in open state and at test position.
2. 分别以手动与自动准同期方式进行 1#机组的模拟并列试验；检查同期装置的工作
情况，同时录制发电机电压、系统电压、断路器合闸脉冲示波图。
2. Conduct the simulated parallel test of Unit 1# separately by manual and automatic quasi-
synchronous methods; Check the working condition of synchronous device, working
out the oscillogram of generator voltage, system voltage and breaker closing impulse.
3. 同期回路经检查正确无误后，将 1#发电机端口断路器置工作位置。
3. Set the terminal breaker of generator 1# at work position until the synchronous circuit is
correct.
4. 正式进行 1#机组的手动和自动准同期并列试验，检查各电流回路的电流情况和表计
指示，并绘制主变压器、母线差动保护的电流向量图，录制电压、频率和同期时间的
示波图。
4. Conduct the manual and automatic quasi synchronous parallel test of Unit 1#, checking the
current and gauge indications of each current loop, drawing the current vector diagram of
main transformer and bus differential protection, recording the oscillogram of voltage,
frequency and synchronous time.

七、机组带负荷试验 VII ON-LOAD TEST OF UNIT

1. 机组初带负荷后，检查机组及相关机电设备各部运行情况。
1. After initial on-load of the unit, check the working condition of unit and its
electromechanical equipment.
2. 机组带负荷试验，有功负荷逐步增加，观察并记录机组各部位运转情况和各仪表指

第 39 页 共 31 页
 质量、环境、职业健康安全管理体系管理资料 真纳施工方案之二十
示。观察和测量机组在各种负荷工况下的振动范围及其量值，测量尾水管压力脉动值
校核各电流回路的准确性和对称性及继电保护和测量表计是否指示正确。
2. Conduct the unit on-load test, gradually increasing the active load, examining and
recording the work condition of each part and gauge indications. Examine and measure the
vibration range and its measuring value under various loads, measuring the pressure pulse
value of draft pipe. Check the accuracy and symmetry of current loop, ensuring the correct
of relay protection and indication on measuring gauges.
3. 进行机组带负荷下调速系统试验。检查在速度和功率控制方式下，机组调节的稳定性
及相互切换过程的稳定性。检查桨叶、导叶协联曲线是否正确。
3. Conduct the governing system test on load. Under the control of speed and power, check
the stability of unit regulation and stability during mutual switching. Check whether the
combination curve of blades and guide vanes is correct.
4. 进行机组快速增减负荷试验。机组负荷的递增分别以 5%的增幅增至 100%额定负荷，
并在各负荷下稳定运行 15 分钟。记录机组转速、机组段压力脉动、接力器行程和功率
变化等。
4. Conduct the rapid increase-decrease load test. Increase the unit load to 100% of rated
load with a growth rate of 5%, and steady running for 15min under different load.
Record the unit speed, pressure pulse of unit section, servo travelling and power change.
5. 负荷增加过程中，观察监视机组振动情况，记录相应负荷与机组水头等参数。
5. When increasing load, monitor the unit vibration, recording corresponding parameter of
load and water head.
6. 机组带负荷下应进行励磁调节器试验：
6. Under load condition, unit shall be taken excitation regulator test:
a) 有条件时，在发电机有功功率分别为 0%、50%、和 100%额定值下，按设计要求
调整发电机无功率从零到额定值。调节应平稳，无跳动。
a) If it is possible, regulate the unit reactive power for zero to rated value separately at
0%, 50% and 100% of rated active power.
b) 有条件时，可测定并计算水轮机发电端电压调差率，调差特性应有较好的线性
并符合设计要求。
b) If it is possible, measure and compute the gross voltage regulation differential rate of
turbine, and the regulation differential feature shall have a good linearity and be

第 40 页 共 31 页
 质量、环境、职业健康安全管理体系管理资料 真纳施工方案之二十
conformity with the design requirement.
c) 有条件时，可测定并计算水轮发电机调压静差率，其值应符合设计要求。当无
设计规定时，对电子型不应大于 0.2~1%，对电磁型不应大于 1.0%~3.0%;
c) If it is possible, measure and compute the static differential rate of voltage regulation
of hydrogenerator, which shall be conformity with the design requirement. When
there is no design regulation, to electronic type, it shall not exceed 0.2~1%; to
magnetic type, it shall not exceed 1.0%~3.0%.
d) 对于晶闸管励磁调节器，应分别进行各种限制器及保护的试验和整定。
d) As to thyristor excitation regulator, tests and adjustment of various limiters and
protection shall be respectively executed.

八、甩负荷试验 VIII LOAD DROPPING TEST

1. 电力系统允许时，机组分别在 25%、50%、75%、100%额定负荷下依次进行机组的
带负荷和甩负荷试验，并按表格各项目作好记录。
1. When power system is allowable, respectively conduct the unit on-load and load dropping
tests under 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of rated load, and make records.
2. 最大负荷下（不大于额定值）进行低油压事故停机试验，并按表格各项目作好记录
及监测。
2. Take low-oil pressure emergency shutdown test under the maximum load (not exceed rated
value), and make records.
3. 最大负荷下（不大于额定值）进行重锤自关闭事故停机试验，并按表格各项目作好
记录及监测。
3. Conduct weight self-close emergency shutdown test under the maximum load (not
exceeding rated value), and make records.
4. 机组甩负荷试验应在额定负荷的 25%、50%、70 和 100%下分别进行，按附录 A 的格
式记录有关数值，同时应录制过渡过程的各种参数变化曲线。
4. Load dropping test of unit shall be separately taken under 25%, 50%, 70% and 100% of
rated load, recording relative values, drawing the parameter curve during transient process.
5. 若受水电站运行水头或电力系统限制机组不能按上述要求带、甩额定负荷时，则最后
一次甩负荷试验应在当时条件所允许的最大负荷下进行。并在以后条件具备时补上述
试验。
第 41 页 共 31 页
 质量、环境、职业健康安全管理体系管理资料 真纳施工方案之二十
5. If limited by station operating head or power system, unit cannot load or drop load as the
above requirements, the last load dropping test shall be taken under the maximum
allowable load. Conduct the previous tests when conditions are available.
6. 在额定功率因数下，机组甩负荷时，应检查自动励磁调节器的稳定性和超调量。当发
电机甩额定有功负荷时，其电压超调量不大于额定电压的 15%，振荡次数不超过 3
次，调节时间不大于 5s。
6. When unit dropping load under rated power factor, check the stability and over-regulating
capacity of automatic excitation regulator. When unit dropping the rated active load, the
over-regulating capacity of its voltage shall not exceed 15% of rated voltage, times of
vibration shall not exceed 3 times, and regulation time shall not exceed 5s.
7. 机组甩负荷时，应检查水轮机调速系统动态调节性能，校核导叶接力器紧急关闭时
间，进水流道水压上升率和机组转速上升率等均应符合设计规定，
7. When unit dropping load, inspect the dynamic regulation performance of turbine governing
system, checking the emergency closing time of guide vane servomotor; increasing rates
of water pressure at inlet flow passage and unit speed shall meet the design regulation.
8. 机组甩负荷后，调速器的动态品质应达到如下要求：
8. After dropping load, the dynamic quality of governor shall reach the following
requirements:
（1）甩 100%额定负荷后，在转速变化过程中超过稳态转速 3%以上的波峰不应超过
2 次。
(1) After dropping 100% of rated load, wave peak above 3% of steady-state speed shall not
exceed twice during speed changing process.
（2）机组甩 100%额定负荷后，从接力器第一次向开启方向移动到机组转速相对摆动
值不超过±5%为止所经历的总时间不应大于 40s。
(2) After dropping 100% of rated load, the total time from the first move toward open of
servomotor to about ±5% of relative vibration value of unit speed shall not exceed 40s.
（3）转速或指令信号按规定形式变化，接力器不动时间，对于电液调速器不大
0.2s，对于机械型调速器不大于 0.3s。
(3) Speed or command signal shall change as regulated; time of servomotor is not change;
time of electro-hydraulic governor shall not exceed 0.2s; time of mechanical governor
shall not exceed 0.3s.

第 42 页 共 31 页
 质量、环境、职业健康安全管理体系管理资料 真纳施工方案之二十
9. 机组负荷后，应进行全机检查，重新拧紧推力支架与轴承座连接螺钉，并按照过
速试验后停机检查的要求进行各项检查。
9. Take an overall inspection of unit after load in accordance with the shutdown inspection
requirement for over-speed test; refasten coupling bolts of thrust brackets and bearing
seats.
10. 甩负荷后应检查调速器系统的协联关系和分段关闭的正确性，以及突然甩负荷引
起的轴位移情况。
10. After dropping load, check the on-cam relationship of governing system and
correctness of segmental close, and shaft displacement caused by sudden load
dropping.

九、72 小时带负荷试验及 30 天可靠性试运行

IX 72 HOURS’ ON-LOAD TEST AND 30 DAYS’ RELIABILITY
COMMISSIONING

1. 自动开机，并入系统，并升至最大负荷（不得大于额定值），连续运行 72 小时，全
面记录运行所有有关参数。
1. Start up automatically, enter the system, and rise to the maximum load (not exceeding rated
value), running for 72 hours continuously; record any relative parameter of running.
2. 检查各保护工作应正常。
2. All protection work is normal.
3. 机组无中断连续运行后，停机检查，处理存在的缺陷。
3. Stop the unit for inspection and defection treatment after continuous running.
4. 在 72 小时试运行中发现在的问题，按机组设备合同安装合同的规定处理。
4. Any problem found in 72 hours’ commissioning shall be treated according to regulation
under the installation contract of unit equipment contract.
5. 处理并消除 72h 试运行中所发现的所有缺陷。
5. Any defection found during 72h’s commissioning shall be treated and solved.
6. 在 72h 连续试运行后，应停机对机电设备作全面检查，必要时可将 流道内的水排空，
检查机组过流部分及水工建筑物和排水系统工作情况。
6. After 72h’s continuous commissioning, shut down the unit and make thorough inspection
on electromechanical equipment; if necessary draining the flow passage, check the
第 43 页 共 31 页
 质量、环境、职业健康安全管理体系管理资料 真纳施工方案之二十
working condition of overflow part, hydraulic construction and drainage system.
7. 在 72h 连续试运行中，若由于机组及相关机电设备的制造或安装质量等原因引起机
组运行中断，经检查处理合格后应得新开始 72h 的连续试运行，中断前后的运行时
间不得累加计算。
7. During 72h’s continuous commissioning, if unit running is interrupted because of
fabrication or installation quality of unit and its relative electromechanical equipment,
another 72h’s continuous commissioning shall be conducted after qualified treatment. The
running time shall not be accumulated before and after interruption.
8. 根据运行值班制度，全面记录所有运行参数。
8. According to running duty system, running parameters shall be fully recorded.
9. 如受水电站运行水头或电力系统条件限制等原因，使机组不能达到额定出力时，
可根据当时的具体条件确定机组应带的最大负荷，并在此负荷下进行试验。
9. If limited by station operating head or power system condition, the unit cannot reach the
rated output, confirm the maximum unit load under the condition, and take the test under
this load.
10. 完成前述试验内容经验证合格后，机组已具备并入电力系统带额定带负荷连续
72h 试运行的条件。
10. After qualified by acceptance of the above test contents, unit is ready for incorporating
into power system and 72h’s continuous commissioning with rated load.
11. 立即进行 30 天可靠性试运行。机组 30 天可靠性运行期间，由于机组及其附属设
备故障或因设备制造安装质量原因引起的中断，应及时加以处理，合格后继续进
行 30 天运行。
11. Perform the 30 days’ reliability commissioning immediately. During the 30 days’
reliability operating, if the operating is interrupted by malfunction of unit and its
auxiliary facilities or fabrication and installation quality of equipment, it shall be
treated timely and continue the 30 days’ operating after qualified treatment.
12. 若中断运行时间少于 24 小时，且中断次数不超过三次，测中断前后运行时间可
以累加；否则，中断前后的运行时间不得累加计算，应重新开始 30 天可靠性试
运行。
12. If the interruption occurred in 24 hours and less than three times, the running time can
be accumulated; or, the running time before and after interruption cannot be

第 44 页 共 31 页
 质量、环境、职业健康安全管理体系管理资料 真纳施工方案之二十
accumulated, another 30 days’ reliability commissioning shall be committed.
13. 30 天可靠性试运行中发现的问题，按机组设备合同安装合同的规定处理。
13. Any problem found in 30 days’ reliability commissioning shall be treated according to
regulation under installation contract of unit equipment contract.

第 45 页 共 31 页