Practical #

MICROSCOPY

Using the microscope

The setting up of a microscope is a basic skill of microbiology yet it is rarely mastered. Only when it is done
properly can the smaller end of the diversity of life be fully appreciated and its many uses in practical
microbiology, from aiding in identification to checking for contamination, are successfully accomplished. The
amount of magnification of which a microscope is capable is an important feature but it is the resolving power
that determines the amount of detail that can be seen.

Observing bacteria and yeast

Yeast can be seen in unstained wet mounts at magnifications x100. Bacteria are much smaller and can be seen
unstained at x400 but only if the microscope is properly set up and all that is of interest is whether or not they
are motile. A magnification of x1000 and the use of an oil immersion objective lens for observing stained
preparations are necessary for seeing their characteristic shapes and arrangements. The information gained,
along with descriptions of colonies, is the starting point for identification of genera and species but further work
involving physiology, biochemistry and molecular biology is then needed.

Basic Rules for Caring for Microscopes

 EVERYTHING on a microscope is unbelievably expensive, so be careful.
 Hold a microscope firmly by the stand, only. Never grab it by the eyepiece holder, for example.
 Since bulbs are expensive, and have a limited life, turn the illuminator off when not in use.
 If used constantly on full power the bulb will overheat and blow (or gently melt the inside of the
housing). This is not a good idea!
 Always make sure the stage and lenses are clean before putting the microscope away.
 NEVER use anything but good quality lens tissue on any optical surface, with appropriate lens cleaner
or distilled water; organic solvents may separate or damage the lens elements or coatings.
 Cover the instrument with a dust jacket when not in use.
 Focus smoothly; don't try to speed through the focusing process or force anything.
 If it isn't working DON'T try to fix it unless you really know what you are doing. Make a note of the
symptoms and ask someone who knows.

Practical draft, by Dr. Bishwas Sharma for B.V.Sc & A.H. 3rd sem. VMC 211. HICAST, Kathmandu, Nepal.