Modal Verbs and their substitutes

Modal verbs are for example may, can, must, should, need. They express an ability, permission, wish etc.
to do something. (I may, can, must swim.) Many modal verbs cannot be used in all of the English tenses.
That's why we need to know the substitutes to these modal verbs.

Modal Verb Substitute Example

must to have to I must swim. = I have to swim.

must not not to be allowed to I must not swim. = I am not allowed to swim.

can to be able to I can swim. = I am able to swim.

may to be allowed to I may swim. = I am allowed to swim.

need to have to I need to swim. = I have to swim.

need not not to have to I need not swim. = I don't have to swim.

shall / should/ to be supposed to / to be I shall / should / ought to swim. = I am supposed to swim. / I

ought to expected to / to be to am expected to swim. / I am to swim.