1

Chapter I

Introduction

Wet rice agriculture is the cultivation of rice by planting on dry land,

transferring the seedlings to a flooded field, and draining the field before harvesting.

Public concern about the consequences on non-family owned and operated

industrialized farms for communities dates back to the 1930’s ( Boles and Rupnow

1979 ). The first published research on the topic appeared in the 1930’s : Since them,

government and academic researchers have produced numerous studies showing the

potential for adverse impact on community life. Also Boles and Rupnow (1979:471)

state that public concern about cooperated influence in farming began in the period

when concern about large, publicly held corporation centered on fears about the effect

ofmerchanization, foreclose of farm land mortgages held by corporations, and

corporate monopoly of land.

Recently, research on industrialized farming has assumed new importance

because farm belt states are facing challenges to their corporate farming laws

(Pittman,2008) challenges to their corporate farming laws hinges on social science

research: to what extent does the body of research find that industrialized farming

poses risk to community? Evidence for adverse effects beyond economic lines,

particularly social impact, and across historical periodical is needed to state claims

that regulating industrialized farming is warranted in the public interest. A problem,

however is that no recent journal articles systematically assess whether extant

research provides evidence of these effects ( Lobao,2007).

Most increases in food production were achieved on the same agricultural

land. (Pretty,J 2011). Several studies have been conducted about the contribution of
 2

rice farming to the human being and certain places to the world. There have positive

and negative effects to other studies. According to the study of Lobao (2000) that was

updated by Stofferahn (2006) studies assessing consequences for the social fabric of

communities were likely to find detrimental impacts.

As observed, in the community effects of industrialized farming, these studies

not recognized the what are the positive and negative effects of rice farming to the

farmers.

The aim of this research paper is to determine the effects of rice-farming to

the farmers of Alabat,Quezon. It will also present if farming have a positive impact.

In practical term, the result of this study can add to the existing studies about farming.

Background of the Study

Social scientists have a long history of concern with the effect of industrialized

farming on communities. (Lobao and Stofferahn)

The tenacity of family-farming household in agrarian economies experiencing

capitalist penetration has long figured in a debate about the ultimate consequences of

such penetration for social structure. (Bartra 1974;deJanury 1981)

Studies have shown that the effect of rice-farming to the farmers was hotly

contested. Farming is universal and it has a long history of what the agrarian

economies experiencing the ultimate consequences of such penetration for social

structure.
 3

Community manifest itself in farm practices, farm business and enterprise, and

farmer’s interaction with the law. Everybody eats and when you grow and harvest

food you’re the starting point for that. But what might be surprising is how much of

our lives as farmers are deeply community oriented.

Many factors such as ethnicity, gender, socio-economic status, and power

relations determine one’s access to information and resources. Development workers

inadequate understanding of local social networks, norms and power relations may

further the interests of better-off farmers and marginalize the poor. (Hoang, et

al.2006).

Statement of the Problem

Farming is one of the businesses that Filipinos are running because of the

fertile land in the country. This research paper will present the relationship of farming

to the community well-being in Alabat, Quezon.

Research Questions:

In order to achieve the objectives of this research study, the following research

question will be needed:

1. What is the effect of rice-farming to the farmers in terms of;

1.1 Financial Status

1.2 Health Status

2. Which among of the variables has a the most effect to the farmers?

3. Is there a significant difference between the effects of rice-farming to the

farmers in Alabat, Quezon in terms of;

 4

3.1 Sex

3.2 Civil Status

Significance of the Study

This research paper intend to benefit the researchers, students, farmers, and the

community of Alabat, Quezon.

Department of Agriculture

To the staff of department of agriculture this study will be their basis to build a

project that will help the rice-farmers also for them to know the status of the rice-

farmers.

Farmers

All the farmers will be more knowledgeable about the positive and negative

effects in planting rice to their financial and health.

Community

This study is also significant to the community of Alabat, Quezon because it

will present the information that they can use if they are also interested in rice

farming.

School Administration

The administrators will be informed with the effect of rice farming to the

people living in Alabat, Quezon. They will provide the agricultural course for the

students.
 5

Teachers

To the teachers it helps themto have reference if they have a topic that related

to the study.Specially the agriculture teacher.

Students

Students will get a knowledge on how the rice farming affect the lives of a

farmers.

Future Researchers

It will also serve as the reference of the future researchers in conducting

additional study.

Researchers

To the researchers this study answer their curiosity about the effects of rice-

farming to the farmers. The researchers also get some knowledge about it.

Scope and Limitations

The scope of this study was confined to survey responses of the one hundred

forty one (141) Alabat farmers planting rice only. They are sufficient limitations since

the respondents are only living in Alabat, Quezon but selected to the different

Barangay’s. And if there was significance difference between the effects of rice-

farming to the farmers in Alabat, Quezon in terms of sex and status. It was intended to

determine the effects of rice farming to the farmers of Alabat, Quezon in terms of

financial and health.

 6

Definition of Terms

The following terms were conceptually defined for the better understanding of

the readers.

Capital- it is the financial support that that helps to build a business.

Farmers- a person who owns, works on or operates an agricultural enterprise, either

commercially or to sustain himself or his family.

Financial Status- refers to the income. wants, needs,and capital.

Food Production- preparing food in which raw materials are transformed into ready -

maid food products for human consumption either in the home on in the food

processing industries.

Health Status- refers to malnourished child, gain strength, skin diseases, diabetes,

headaches, vomit, nerve irritation, and mild stroke.

Wet rice agriculture- is the cultivation of rice by planting on dry land, transferring

the seedlings to a flooded field, and draining the field before harvesting.
 7

Chapter II

Review of Related Literature and Studies

The summaries of literature and studies related to the variables of the research

title are presented in this chapter. This also includes conceptual framework, research

paradigm and the hypothesis of the study.

Over the past half century, agricultural production gains across the world have

helped millions of people to escape poverty, removed the threat of starvation and

provided a platform for rural and urban economic growth in many countries. The

green revolution drove this production growth with new varieties, inputs, water

management and rural infrastructure. Most increases in food production were

achieved on the same agricultural land. (Pretty,J 2011). Several studies have been

conducted about the contribution of rice farming to the human being and certain

places to the world. There have positive and negative effects to other studies.

According to the study of Lobao (2000) that was updated by Stofferahn (2006) studies

assessing consequences for the social fabric of communities were likely to find

detrimental impacts. Industrialized farming affects the social fabric of communities

through altering population size and social composition which affect crime, social

conflict, family stability, the local class structure, community participation, and local

shopping patterns. But according to Sinha (2000) agriculture in its broadest sense

remains the most important sector of the society even though its contribution to

economy might have declined. Agriculture remains and will remain the source of food

supply in the world.

 8

Financial Status

The study of Ol-Osta et al. (2010) stated that agricultural economics literature

indicates farm subsidies tend to become capitalize into land values, and land is a

significant part of the farm balance sheet and the main component in the farm

household wealth. Some farmers depend on the government subsidies to augment

household income and usually approach retirement slowly. However, wealth, and

indirectly government subsidies, may be influential in farm transfers to family

members.

According to Stofferahn (2006) socioeconomic well-being, industrialized

farming was related to higher income inequality and to lower community

employment, relative to moderate-size family farming. Higher income inequality

indicates that industrialized farming is less likely to sustain middle-class

communities. Places with higher income inequality also are prone to other social

problems because the gap between affluent and poor is greater. With regard to other

socioeconomic impacts, such as total income injected into the community, regional

economic impact models were likely to report beneficial impacts. However, the

findings for income inequality suggest that income growth is impeded in trickling

down to families.

In the study of Black et al. (2001) agritourism appears to be a good income

generator and relatively easy to do. Those in the farm business, which are mostly in

the eastern part of the state, are more concerned with agricultural income fluctuations

and loss of government support.

 9

According to the study of Kinkingninhoun, Diagre, and Biaou (n.d) that using

credit in rice farming has positive and significant impact on farmers rice field, rice

output, rice income,per capita income, annual household income and per capita annual

household income.

Health Status

In the study of Alfvn et.al (2006) the farming environment appeared to

provide more consistent protection against rhino conjunctivitis and sensitization than

against asthma and other atopic diseases. Farm children are more exposed to micro-

organisms related to livestock animals, which has been proposed to protect against

developing sensitization and allergic diseases . In addition, long-term and early life

exposure to stables and farm milk has been shown to protect against the development

of asthma, rhino conjunctivitis and atopic sensitisation.

Pingali et al. (1994) stated that farmers and agricultural workers face acute and

chronic health effects due to prolonged exposure to pesticides. Eye, skin pulmonary,

neurologic, and gastro intestinal problems are associated with long-term pesticide

exposure. "Community and residential gardening, as well as small-scale farming

promote nutrition and free household income for non-garden foods and other

needs". (Bellows & Brown, 2003. para. 4)

Bellows and Brown (2003) says that gardening and food production is good

exercise. It has been connected to reducing risks of obesity (children and adults),

coronary heart disease (for women and for men, notably menopausal women and

elderly males), glycemic control and diabetes (adults, elderly men, Mexicans and

Mexican-Americans), and occupational injuries (railway workers).

 10

These studies are all about the contributions and effects of farming or

agriculture to the human being. Most researches shows the good effect of farming to

the people all the around the world. It's included the effect to income, and health of

the farmers. But there have a study that showed that in rice farming have also negative

effects to the farmers.

Conceptual Framework

The demographic profile of the rice-farmers in Alabat, Quezon and their

financial and health status serve as the bases for the framework of their study The

researchers hope to present what will be the effects of rice-farming to the farmers of

Alabat, Quezon.

Independent Variables Dependent Variables

Rice-Farmers in Effects of Rice-

Alabat, Quezon. Farming to the Farmers in
terms of;
 Sex
 Financial Status
 Civil status
 Health Status

Figure1. Effects of Rice-Farming to the Farmers

The conceptual framework of this study present the independent and

dependent variables. As shown in the paradigm in figure 1 the independent variable

is rice-farming and the dependent variable is thee effects to farmers.

 11

Hypothesis

There is no significant effect of rice farming to the farmers of Alabat, Quezon.

 12

Chapter III

Methodology

Research Design

The study used the correlational method of research and refers to determine

the relationship of two variables. The Rice-Farmers in Alabat, Quezon, sex and civil

status is the independent variable while the effects of Rice-Farming to the Farmers in

terms of financial status and health status is the dependent variable.

To determine the effects of rice-farming to the farmers. The researchers used

questionnaire as the instrument to know why the two variable are related.

Population

The target population of this study is the farmers come from Alabat, Quezon.

The population of rice farmers in eight (8) barangays are two hundred thirty five

(235). the respondents were chosen utilizing the purposive sampling. The

respondents that willing to participate in the study.

To determine the number of respondents of the study. The researchers used

Slovin’s Formula.

Sampling Procedure

To determine the number of respondents of the study, Slovin’s formula as

follows was used:

 13

Slovin’s Formula:

n = N

1 +Ne^2

n = 235

1 +(235)(0.05)^2

= 235

1 +(235)(0.0025)

= 235

1.5875

n=141

Where:

n = sample size

N = population size

e = margin of error (1% to 5%)

Thus, there were 141 respondents of this study. The number of representatives

from the farmers of Alabat, Quezon.

 14

Instrument

Researchers used a survey-type questionnaire to answer the effects of rice

farming to the farmers in Alabat, Quezon. A 8-item questions for the financial status

and 10-item of question for the health status. One hundred forty-one (141) sheets of

questionnaire. The instrument that were used by the researchers to gather the needed

data.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers presented a letter of request noted by the researchers’ subject

teacher in Practical Research II of Senior High School Department of Alabat Island

National High School seeking permission to conduct the study for the target

respondents.

The researchers personally distributed the questionnaire to the one hundred forty-

one (141) respondents. This study was conducted through giving questionnaire to

their specific respondent per Barangay in Alabat, Quezon.

Statistical Treatment of Data

The researchers used percentage (demographic profile) to determine the total

percentage of the respondents. The mean (descriptive statistics) was used to determine

the effects of rice-farming to the farmers, Paired T – tests or the dependent T test was

used to determine the significant difference between the effect of farming in terms of

gender. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the significant

difference between the effects of farming in terms of gender and civil status to

financial and health status. The effects of rice farming to the farmers in Alabat,

Quezon was treated with the use of Special Package for Social Sciences (SPSS).
 15

Chapter IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter focuses on the method of presenting the data gathered in the study

through questionnaire from the respondents. The data was analyzed using frequency,

descriptive statistic,T-test and ANOVA.

Table 1. Presents the demographic profile of the farmers

Status
Percent Frequency

Single 18.0 24
Married 72.9 97
Widow 9.0 12
Total 100 133
Gender
Percent Frequency

Male 75.7 106

Female 24.3 34
Total 100 140

Presents the demographic profile of the farmers in selected Barangay in Alabat,

Quezon

From the given data, it has been observed that the highest percentage for the

status of the farmers were married, 73%, next was single, 18% and the lowest were

widow, 9%.

For the gender of the farmers, it appeared that the most farmers were male. There

has 76% for male, and 24% for female

 16

Table 2.Presents the No. of mean affecting to the farmers (FINANCIAL STATUS)

Financial Status

Questionnaire No. Mean

8. I can save money in the bank. 139 2.6475

6. I can provide the wants of the family (e.g. cellphone and

140 3.2714
television).

2. Rice farming helps us to have a capital to build a business. 140 3.4286

1. My income increases because of rice farming. 140 3.9714

5. I can provide the needs of my family in terms of health (e.g.

139 4.1223
medicine and hospital bill).

4. I can support the education of my children through the help of

140 4.2143
rice farming.

7. I can provide the needs of my family (e.g. food and clothes). 141 4.3050

3. Planting and harvesting rice help us to lessen the expenses in

141 4.4823
buying foods.

No. of mean affecting to the farmers (FINANCIAL

STATUS)

4.48 2.65

3.27

4.31
3.43

4.21 3.97

4.12

Presents the No. of mean affecting to the farmers (FINANCIAL STATUS)

 17

In table 2, shown the of Rice-Farming to the farmers in the terms of financial

status. It is presented that the highest mean of the farmers respondents found that the

planting and harvesting in buying foods. The farmers respondent can also provide the

needs of the family (e.g. food and clothes) 4.2143 mean of the respondents can

support the education of their children trough the help of rice-farming.

According to the study of Kinkingninhoun, Diagre, and Biaou (n.d) that using

credit in rice farming has positive and significant impact on farmers rice field, rice

output, rice income,per capita income, annual household income and per capita annual

household income.Stofferahn (2006) socioeconomic well-being, industrialized

farming was related to higher income inequality and to lower community

employment, relative to moderate-size family farming.

Table 3.Presents the No. of mean affecting to the farmers (HEALTH STATUS)

Health Status

Questionnaire No. Mean

17. Once, I had mild stroke because of using pesticides in

139 1.7266
planting crops.

18. I got skin disease cause by pesticides. 133 1.8722

15. Using of pesticides in planting crops, the rice got higher

amounts of calories so there are possibilities that can have 139 2.2158
diabetes.

16. When I eat rice it may cause hypertension especially when

139 2.6835
the rice using some pesticides before harvesting.

14. I felt eye and nerve irritations because of the pesticides

140 3.0071
that I’m using in planting rice.

13. Because of pesticides I got a feeling that I want to vomit. 140 3.0571
 18

12. Headache occurs every-time I’m planting rice because of

141 3.5106
pesticides and sun.

9. Because of rice farming, I don’t have malnourished child. 138 4.2536

11. Rice farming help us to maintain or healthy body (e.g.

exercising, having a strong muscle, and increasing shoulder 140 4.2857
health.

10. Planting rice help me to gain strength. 138 4.4058

No. of mean affecting to the farmers

(HEALTH STATUS)

1.73; 6%
4.29; 16% 1.87; 7%
2.22; 8%
4.25; 16%
2.68; 10%

3.51; 13% 3.01; 11%

3.06; 11%

Presents the No. of mean affecting to the farmers (HEALTH STATUS)

Table 3, reveals the mean result of the effect of rice-farming to the farmers in

terms of health status. It is shown that the most of the respondents agree that planting

rice help the farmers respondent to gain strength with the mean of 4.4058. Out of 141

farmers respondent, 140 agree with a minimum of 1 and maximum of 5 found out the

mean of farmers respondent that rice-farming help them to maintain or healthy body

(e.g. exercising, having a strong muscle, and increasing shoulder health) with a mean
 19

of 4.2857, and 4.2536 mean of the farmers respondents determine that because of

rice-farming, they don’t have malnourished child.

Table 4.The variable that has the most effect to the farmers

N Minimum Maximum Mean Standard

Deviation

Financial
Status 141 1.38 5.00 3.81 .60

Health
Status 141 1.40 5.00 3.10 .60
Present the variable that has the most effect to the farmers

Table 4 shows which variables have the most effect of rice farming to the farmers

of Alabat, Quezon. There have 141 respondents who were planting rice in Alabat,

Quezon. The mean percentages of the answers in financial status were 3.81 and health

status was 3.10. The standard deviation of the two variable is the same which is .60.

Therefore, the two variables have the same effect to the farmers.

The result is the same to other researches. According to the study of Bellows and

Brown (2003) gardening and food production is good exercise. It also increase muscle

strength and endurance. In the study of Black et al. (2001) stated that it help and good

source of income.

Table 5.Presents computed significant value of sex.

 20

Mean
SEX SIG. (2- TAILED)

FINANCIAL MALE 3.8047 .924

FEMALE 3.8162 .924

HEALTH MALE 3.1161 .599

FEMALE 3.0535 .631

Presents computed significant value of sex.

In table 5 shows if there is a significant relationship between the sex of the

respondents into the effects of rice farming to the farmers. This study has set a .05

level of significance. Therefore the sex is not sifnificant to the financial status of the

farmers because the computed significance of male and female is 0.974 is greater than

0.05. Also sex is not significant to the health status of the farmers because the

computed value of male is 0.599 and the female is 0.631 is greater then 0.05.

In the study of Elisabeth and Qaim (2012), with the commercialization of

agriculture, women are increasingly disadvantaged because of persistent gender

disparities in access to productive resources. When new marketing or technological

opportunities emerge, farm production is often centralized under men’s control. This

can have negative implications for women’s ability to generate income as well as for

overall household welfare. Farmer collective action, which has recently received

renewed policy attention as a mechanism to improve access of small farms to markets

and technologies, could potentially accelerate this trend.

 21

Table 6.Revealed ANOVA results of significant differences between the civil status
and the variables.

Sum of Squares Mean Square F Sig.

Between Groups 1.676 .838 2.370 .097

Financial Within Groups 45.951 .353

Total 47.627

Between Groups .206 .103 .298 .743

Health Within Groups 44.873 .345

Total 45.078

Revealed ANOVA results of significant differences between the civil status and the
variables.

Table 6 reveals the significance difference between the status of farmers to

the effects of rice farming to the farmers.This study has set a .05 level of significance

and therefore not significant because the computed significant value of financial

status is 0.097 which is greater than 0.05 while in health status is 0.743 that also

greater than 0.05.

Table 7.Significance difference between the effects of rice-farming to the farmers

in terms of sex and civil status.

Variables Sig. (2-tailed) Decision Interpretation

Compared

Male 0.771
Sex Accept Ho Not Significant
Female 0.790

Civil Status 0.212 Accept Ho Not Significant

 22

Significance difference between the effects of rice-farming to the farmers in terms of

sex and civil status.

Table 7 presents the significance difference between the sex and civil status

conducted. This study has set a .05 level of significance and therefore sex is not

significant because the computed significant value of male is 0.771 and female is

0.790 that was greater than 0.05. Civil status has a computed significant value of

0.212 that greater than 0.05 therefore it is not significant. It means that the null

hypothesis is accepted. It follows that there is a no significance difference between the

effects of rice farming to the farmers of Alabat, Quezon to the sex and civil status.
 23

Chapter V

Summary, Findings, Conclusion and Recommendation

This chapter presents the summary and findings based on the analyzed data, the

conclusions made, and the recommendation given.

Summary

The study of the effects of Rice Farming to the Farmers has a long history of what the

agrarian economies experiencing the ultimate consequences of such penetration for social

structure. Many factor such as ethnicity, gender, socio-economic status, and power relations

determine one access to information and resources. Farming is one of the businesses that Filipino

are running because of the fertile land in the country.

The effects of rice-farming in terms of financial status found out that planting and harvesting rice

help the rice-farmers to lessen their expenses in buying foods, can support the education of their

children and provide the needs of the family.In terms of health status shown that planting rice

help the farmers to gain strength, maintain or healthy body (e.g. exercising, having a strong

muscle, and increasing shoulder health) and they don't have malnourished child. These two

variables have the same effects to the farmers.

The study computed the significance male and female. The significance difference

between the effects of rice-farming to the farmers of Alabat, Quezon to the sex and civil status.

The study used the correlational method of research and prefers to determine the relationship of

two variables.The Rice-Farmers in Alabat, Quezon, sex and civil status is the independent

variable while the effects of Rice-Farming to the Farmers in terms of financial status and health

status is the dependent variable. The population of the research have 141 rice-farmers
 24

respondents in eight (8) barangays. The researchers used Slovin’s formula to determine the

number of respondents. The survey-type questionnaire the researchers used to gathered the data

needed.

Findings

The study is a descriptive survey research aimed to determine the effects of rice-

farming to the famers of Alabat, Quezon. Researcher used a survey-type questionnaire to answer

the effects of rice farming to the farmers in Alabat, Quezon. A 8-item questions for the financial

status and 10-item of question for the health status. One hundred forty-one (141) sheets of

questionnaire. The instrument that were used by the researchers to gather the needed data. The

researcher used percentage (demographic profile) to determine the total percentage of the

respondents. The mean (descriptive statistics) was used to determine the effects of rice-farming

to the farmers, Paired T – tests or the dependent T test was used to determine the significant

difference between the effect of farming in terms of gender. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was

used to determine the significant difference between the effects of farming in terms of gender

and civil status to financial and health status. The effects of rice farming to the farmers in Alabat,

Quezon was treated with the use of Special

Package for Social Sciences (SPSS).

1. The effect of rice-farming to the farmers in terms of Financial Statusand Health Status.

The findings of the effects of rice-farming to the farmers in terms of financial and health

status are presented according to the top three indicators in each variable used

questionnaire.Effects of Rice-Farming to the farmers in terms of financial status. It is presented

that the highest mean of the farmers respondents found that the planting and harvesting in buying
 25

foods. The farmers respondent can also provide the needs of the family (e.g. food and clothes)

4.2143 mean of the respondents can support the education of their children trough the help of

rice-farming.the effect of rice-farming to the farmers in terms of health status. It is shown that

the most of the respondents agree that planting rice help the farmers respondent to gain strength

with the mean of 4.4058. Out of 141 farmers respondent, 140 agree with a minimum of 1 and

maximum of 5 found out the mean of farmers respondent that rice-farming help them to maintain

or healthy body (e.g. exercising, having a strong muscle, and increasing shoulder health) with a

mean of 4.2857, and 4.2536 mean of the farmers respondents determine that because of rice-

farming, they don’t have malnourished child

2. Variables has a the most effect to the farmers

Variables have the most effect of rice farming to the farmers of Alabat, Quezon. There have

141 respondents who were planting rice in Alabat, Quezon. The mean percentages of the answers

in financial status were 3.81 and health status was 3.10. The standard deviation of the two

variable is the same which is .60. Therefore, the two variables have the same effect to the

farmers.

3. Significant difference between the effects of rice-farming to the farmers in Alabat, Quezon in

terms of Sex and Civil Status

T-test and ANOVA results proved that the sex and civil status have no significant effects

on the study. This study has set a .05 level of significance and therefore sex is not significant

because the computed significant value of male is 0.771 and female is 0.790 that was greater

than 0.05. Civil status has a computed significant value of 0.212 that greater than 0.05 therefore

it is not significant. It means that the null hypothesis is accepted. It follows that there is a no
 26

significance difference between the effects of rice farming to the farmers of Alabat, Quezon to

the sex and civil status.

Conclusion

Based on the data which have been gathered and analyzed, the researchers arrived with

the following;

1. Rice farming has a significant effect to the financial and health status of the farmers.

2. Both financial and health status have the same amount of effect to the farmers in planting

rice.

3. There have no significant difference between the effects of rice farming to the framers in

Alabat, Quezon in terms of gender and civil status.

Recommendation

In the light of the finding and conclusion of the study, the following are hereby

recommended:

1 Planting rice can help to increase the income of the family and maintain the healthy body

of a person.

2 The Alabat Island National High School can offer a course that related in rice farming

because it has significant effect.

3 Future researches may use other instruments and adopt different framework and

methodology of measuring the effect of rice farming to the farmers.

 27

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Sinha S. (2000). Education for agriculture in India: Time for a change* . CURRENT SCIENCE, VOL.
79, NO. 3, 10 AUGUST 2000>

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Black et al. (2001).Agritourism: Motivations behind Farm/Ranch Business Diversification.

Journal of Travel Research 2001; 40; 19
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/004728750104000104

Pretty et al. (2011).Sustainable intensification in African agriculture.

http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3763/ijas.2010.0583

Lobao L. (2000). Industrialized farming and its relationship to community well-being: Report
prepared for the state of South Dakota

http://www.springerlink.com/index/B82HG7KH5653138V.pdf

Stofferahn C. (2006). Industrialized farming and its relationship to community well-being: An

update of a 2000 report by Linda Lobao

http://www.und.nodak.edu/misc/ndrural/Lobao%20&%20Stofferahn.pdf

Alfvén T. (2006). Allergic diseases and atopic sensitization in children related to farming and
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http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2005.00939.x/full
 28

Anne C. Bellows & Katherine Brown 2003 Health Benefits of Urban AgriculturePublic Health and
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https://scholar.google.com.ph/scholar?
hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=Health+Benefits+of+Urban+AgriculturePublic+Health+and+Food+Sec
urity&btnG=

Peanut L. Pingali, Cynthia B. Marquez and Florencia G. Palis 1994 Pesticides and Philippines Rice
Farmer Health :AMedical and Economic Analysis

http://scholar.google.com.ph/scholar_url?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable
%2F1243669&hl=en&sa=T&ct=res&cd=0&ei=4EZ1WrDkDMTMjgTg-
5rwCQ&scisig=AAGBfm1n3k6PyprgMitWufsK__d1NkeXbQ&nossl=1&ws=360x563
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Appendices

Appendix A- Questionnaire

Effects of Rice Farming to the Farmers of Alabat, Quezon

NAME: SEX:

AGE: STATUS:

Check the statements based on what extend you agree and disagree on it. Yours answers will be treated
confidential and use for research purposes only.

Strongly Agree Neutral Disagre Strongly

Agree e Disagree
(4) (3)
(5) (2) (1)

1. My income increases because of rice

farming.

2. Rice farming helps us to have a capital to

build a business.

3. Planting and harvesting rice help us to

lessen the expenses in buying foods.

4. I can support the education of my children

through the help of rice farming.

5. I can provide the needs of my family in

terms of health (e.g. medicine, and hospital
bill).

6. I can provide the wants of my family (e.g.

cellphone, and television).

7. I can provide the needs of my family (e.g.

food, and clothes).
 30

8. I can save money in the bank.

9. Because of rice farming, I don't have

malnourished child.

10. Planting rice help me to gain strength.

11. Rice farming help us to maintain or healthy

body (e.g. exercising, having a strong muscle,
and increasing shoulder health).

12. Headache occurs every-time I'm planting

rice because of too much exposure to
pesticides and sun.

13. Because of pesticides I got a feeling that I

want to vomit.

14. I felt eye and nerve irritations because of

the pesticides that I'm using in planting rice.

15. Using of pesticides in planting crops, the

rice got higher amounts of calories so there
are possibilities that I can have diabetes.

16. When I eat rice it may cause hypertension

especially when the rice using some pesticides
before harvesting.

17. Once, I had mild stroke because of using

pesticides in planting crops.

18. I got skin disease cause by pesticides.

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Appendix C- Letter/Waiver

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

Region IV- A CALABARZON

DIVISION OF QUEZON

ALABAT ISALAND NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Alabat, Quezon

January , 2018

CHARLENE JOY OLIVEROS

Research Teacher

Alabat Island National High School

Alabat, Quezon

Maam,

Greetings!

The researchers conducting a study on the “EFFECTS OF RICE-FARMING TO THE FARMERS

OF ALABAT, QUEZON.”
Enclosed is the effects of rice-farming to the financial and health status of the farmers which results will
be the basis of the study.
Rest assured that whatever information you will give will be treated strictly confidential.
Your approval to this request is highly anticipated.

Thank you very much!

Very truly yours,

NICA JANE M. BARRETTO

JHEANN L. ENCARNACION

MARY JEAN M. POLO

Researchers

Approved:

CHARLENE JOY OLIVEROS

Research Teacher
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