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GЕоGRАрнlс CENGAGE
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ЫЪl Angela Неаlап
Katrina Gormley
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l Yочr Wоr[d Тhе Power of Colour; реор e_related Words. present 5imple, ргеýепt continuoUS,
multiple_choice questions collocations & expressions, stative чеrьs, articles
р 5-1б preposition5
2 Mysteries of the Wor[d Тhе Mystery of tbe lйауа; mystery-feiated Words, рhrаsаl past sjmple, past continuous, used to,
m;sýiпg 5епtепсе5 чеrЬs, Word formation v1lould, Ье Used to & get Lrsed to
р t7-28
REV|EW 1, Vocabulary & Grаmmаr р 29-30
3 Fit as а Fiddte Тhе Secrets of Long Life; hеаlth_ & fitnes5_related present реrfесt Simple & present
multjple гпаtсhiпg WordS, pгepo5itions. perfect continuouS, fo r, since,lately,
со locations & ехрrеssiопs a/ready, yet & sti/l, countab]e &
р 31-42 uпсоUпtаЫе поUпS, quantifiers
4 Technotogicat Marve[s То the Edge of Space; technology related words, future simple, sha//, Ье going to,
multiple-choice questions wогd formation, phrasal чегЬs futurб continuous & {чtчге perfect
р 4з-54 sirnple, temporals
6 Living History King Tlrt's Family Secrets; history-related words, phrasal past perfect simple & past perfect
mUltiple-choice qUest;ons чеrьs, wоrd formation continuous, question taqs, pronouns
р 69-80
8 Media Matters adverti5ements; media-related words, phrasal passive voice: tenses. gerundý,
mu]tip]e-choice questionS чеrЬs, Wоrd {ormation infinitives & modal verbs, impersonai
р 95-106 & personalýtructures
I0 See the Wortd Land of Firе and lce; holiday- & travel-related conditionals: zеrо, first, second
muitiple-choice qUe5tionS words, word formation & & third, miХed conditiona15,
р 121-,lз2 рЬгаsаl verbs conditiona 5 Without i{ Wisb & if оп/у
р 176-177
Writing Reference, р 178-185
Speaking Reference, р 186
Collocations & Expressions: р 187
l Prepositions: р 188
Phrasal Verbs, р 189
Speaking lnformation: р l90
t2
.эесhоiсеqUеstiопs talking about perSonal]ties, prob em iп{оrгпаl еttеr, Dreamt]me PainterS
::-,eS) SolVing, recommending USing colourful ]diomS & рhгаSа
VеrЬS
..
- iip]e choice questions talking about tесhпо]оgу, согпраriпg email,
рhоtоgгарhs, раrарhга5iп9 с auses о{ reason & contrast
: р]е гпаtсhiпg talk]ng aboUt ambjtion and success, e5Say, Сгоssiпg Antarctica
deciS]on making, expreSsing certa]nty & presentin9 аrguпrепts
-, t ple-choice questionS ta]king about hiStory decision making, iпfоrmаl letter, Giza Pyramids
ехргеssiпg ап opinion trsing quаliiегs
- _.:ё taking ta king about thе паtuга Wor]d, Stогу, Тогпаdо Сhаs-^
соmрагiпg photographs, asking for Sequencing events
с ar]f]cation
irru]t]ple_choice questions ta]kin9 aborlt hol]days, decision making, агtiс е, Тhе Exciting Streets of
stating Preferences & 9iVing rеаsопs adjeccives ваrсеlопа
rlultip е choice questions ta]king about сrimе, рrоЬ enr 5о Ving, e5Say, Cambodia Animal Rescue
su99eSt]ng a]ternativeS Ыа]пstогmiпg
mUltiple choice questions talking about fаshiоп, comparing revieщ тhе дrt о{ Makinq Si|k
рhоtо9rарh5, giving yoUrself tiгпе to Supporting уоur агqumепts
thin k
Reading: article,multiple-choicequestions
Vocabulary: people-related Words, colIocations & expressions, prepositions
Grаmmаr: present simple, рrеsепt continuous, articles
Listening: muItiple-choicequestions(pictures)
Speaking: talking about personalities, рrоЬIеm solving, recommending
Writing: informal letter, using colourful idioms & рhrаsаl чеrЬs
Роаd\по1
А What do you associate the colours red, yellow апd Ыче with?
А computer-
generated
image (ri9ht)
shows what
а соlоur-ыiпd
реrsоп sees.
col
Kead the article below. What new things did you learn about the mоurпiпg: that уоц show апd
colours listed? 'аdпеss
feelwheп somebody dies
ж
colours around them, {rоm the Ьrоwпs
and greens of the soil and р ants to the
deep Ь ues and геd of thе sky. They
parnted 1heir bodies w-h colo.lts'ro.г
nature ta signal aggression toward an
еlеп,у, оr lо ,nal е ll^er selves aTtrdcт ve
to а mate.
: kd
Red, thе co]our of Lэlood, symbolises
l fire, love and апgеr lп Еаstеrп cultures,
f people Ье ieve it Ыings luсk, wealth
and success, ln humans, the со оur rеd
сап send diflerent messages, Some
реорlе redden, fоr example, when they
аrе апgrу оr еmЬаrrаssеd, Researchers
have discovered that in sрогts the team
thal is wea" -9 ,ed is rore lil,e у to win,
Why? Because red seems to Ье the
соlоUr f,dI .iola'5 ооri d -е, 9 vin9
those dressed in red ап advantage
с Choose the answer (а, Ь, с оr d) whiсh fits best
according to the text. Llоsо-Uр
1 The first man-made colours were produced Whеп answering multiple-choice t
а in the 1 9th century, i5
questionS, a5k yoU rSelf if each option 1
ь in the 20th century, in
true оr false based оп What is Written i
с only recently. the text.This Will hеlр you to eliminate i
d centurie5 а9о. options that are сlеаrlуwrong, :
*-.*_,..,-.".i
According to thе text, thе соlочr red
а symbolises bad luck. 'Get the meaning!
Ь is believed to embarrass реорlе,
с makes people less aggressive. D Complete thе sentences with these adjectives
d gives ап advantaqe to team members who wear it, from the text.
Yellow is used to highlight information in а text because ag9гessive attractive depressed
а it iS ап imрогtапt соlоur. еmЬагrаssеd trustworthy
Ь it is а highly чisiЫе со]очr. 1 Реорlе rеlу on you if you are
с it сап Ье used to caution people.
d реорlе рrеfеr this соlочr to other colour5. 2 you are
lf you are sad and
feel that you cannot en,ioy anything.
Whаt аrе English sреаkегs referring to when they talk
ab,out Ъеliпg b/ue' (раrа 5, liпе 12)?
3 You feel ashamed оr shу if you are
а being sad
Ь being in сопtrоl 4 When реорlе аrе they
с Ьеiпg upset when someone dies behave angrily or violently toward others.
d being саlm Somebody who is i5 pleasant
to look at.
The рhrаsе this idea (para 6, line 5) refers to
а stopping hunger.
Ь food.
с relaxation.
d painting roomS. Do уоч agree with the author that coIour has а роwегfчl
What i5 thi5 text mainly about? effect оп реорlе?
а how соlоur has а calming effect What would you associate the colours grееп, white and
е
ь the sources of соlочr Ыасk with?
с how views of colour have changed WhаtЪ your favourite соlочr? Do а class survey to find
d how соlочr influences people the most popular colour!
Match these sentences with опе use of thе present 7 The пumЬеr of реорlе studying psychology
(increase)
Simple or the Preýent Continuous in А.
these days.
'l The еагth goes round thе sun in about 365 days. ! 8 This year l
2 А,rе you visiting уочr parents at Christmas? ! (focus) on my university studies.
З А man goes to visit his friend апd finds him playing 9We (not have)
chess with his cat. ! а mееtiгg with the schoo| direclor next week,
4 Тhе сustоmеr is shouting because she's апgrу. fI ]0 l think James
5 friend lives in the UK. f_]
lVly (behave) quite calmly, even though he is under
6 Тhе meeting starts at З pm tоmоrrоW. П рrеSSurе at the moment.
7 Тhе town lwas Ьоrп in is attracting more and mоrе
tourists these days. f 1
D circle the correct words.
8 Тhе Ьоу and girl in the photo are playing in their
garden, f ]
According to mапу psychologisЪ, уочr {avourite
9 That man is forever trying to control everybody! ! colour (1) is showing / shows something about уоur
personality. Look at What these colours say about
Ве саrеfчl! sоmеопеЪ character. (2) Do you а9rее / Are you
stative verbs аrе not used in continuous tenses. тhе most a9reeing with the conclusioл5 they came to?
соmmоп stative Verbs refer to emotionS, senses, states of
Tind and possession. However, some verbs сап Ье both Black: People who (3) like / аrе liking Ыасk want
stative and action verbs, but with а different meaning. How everything to Ье регfесt all the time. (4) Have you /
does thе meaning of think сhапgе iп the sentences below? Аrе you having difficulties with 50mething? Then these
а scientists think that соlоur5 affect оur emotions. are the реорlе to hеlр you. They are also good at
Ь The scientists аrе thinking of рчЫishiпg ап агtiсlе about finding mistakes and they love puzzles!
their experiment.
Blue: Реорlе who like Ыче are emotional. These people
Read ?. r-1.3 of the Grammar Rеfеrелсе ап pages 61 -1 62
1
(5)do not usually / do usually not trust оthеr people
before you do the tasks.
very much. Тhеу аrе calm and (6) аrеп't expressing /
don't express their feeIings.
Yellow: Аrе you needing / Do you need а good
(7)
{riend to share your secrets? Then а реrsоп who likes
yellow is best. Тhеу аrе also imaginative and like
helpinq people.
с (
.You will hear eight Shоft conversations. After еасh conversation, you will Ье asked а question about
What you heard. The answer choices аrе shown а5 pictures (а, Ь and с). Circle the letter of the соrrесt
answer. You will hеаr еасh conversation only опсе.
&
ц
в !/z lA
10
>ре аИqа)
Work with а Partner and answer these questions.
. what kind of а реrsопаlitу have you got?
. what do you like lэеst about your регsопаlitу?
. Do you prefer to Ье in big or small groups?
э Look at the following words which describe реорlеЪ personalities and match them to the descriptions.
4 ambitious t ]
2 artistic t] 5 sporty t]
З adventurous I
6 amusing ]
lfyou want to get fit, l rесоmmепd playing а lot of sport. l рlау tennis and baskett,all every day, and l love it. l'd
advise уоu to do something you think is fun though.
She paints beautiful pictures and takes amazing photo9raphs. Perhaps she should сопsidеr organisin9 hег оwп
exhit,ition at the local commUnity centre.
L'm not чеrу fit really, but l do enjoy а сhаllепgе. l try to avoid sрогt. Му friend suggested that l hike through
Pembrokeshire in Wales. I'm 9oing next year and l'm rеаllу excited,
tе really Wants to succeed in life! Тhе {iгst option for him is to go to university and study marketing апd economics,
The second option is to get а job with а good соmрапу and work his way up,
Му rесоmmепdаtiоп is that you volunteer at an апimаl shеltег. Тhеу always пееd heLp and they've печеr got
эпоugh money to рау for staff. You'd enjoy it and you'd Ье helping animals in need.
1think you shouLd meet my friend Marian, She's thе {unniest регsоп l know. She does some stand-up comedy and
hеr stories аrе rеа]lу entertaining. We should 9о апd watch hег one evening soon,
Usе|цl {xpross\oyls
Recommending
l think the first/Second option i5
best because,..
ltЪ better to .,. than...
la advise you to ,..
Му recommendation/sugge5tion
-.l ,*._]E'ifiI}n
12
АЁiсlеs
А Read the sentences and чпdеrliпе the articles. Then
answer the questions.
а Red is а colour.
ь Red is the соlочr of Ыооd.
'l Which sentence talks about something in gепеrаl? !
2 Which sentence talks about something specific? П
Read the sentences and look at which articles (if апу)
are used with thё почпs in bold. Тhеп, answer the
question5.
а What are your favourite соlочrs?
Ь The education l got at school didn't really prepare mе
for rеаl life.
с А child should grow up in а loving family.
d The teachers at this school are very suрроrtiче.
е Depression сап lead to very serious health рrоЫеms.
f А famous psychologist hаs come up with а new
personality test. Тhе psychologist thinks it will help us
uпdеrstапd ourselves better.
Which ехаmрlе shows us
1 а поuп that has Ьееп used for the first time and then mentioned а9аiп with а different article? п
2 а specific plural noun? п
3 а specific uпсочпtаЫе почп? п
4 а plural почп without ап аrtiсlе and used with а 9епеrаl meaning? п
5 а singular сочпtаЫе почп with а 9епеrаl mеапiпg? п
6 ап чпсочпtаЫе поuп used with а 9епеrаl mеапiпg? п
Grсlе thе correct words to complete the rules.
-re definite / inde{inite article is used before singular соuпtаЫе почпs to refer to them in а general sense оr to mention
:-em for the first time.
-re definite / indefinite article is used Ьеfоrе singular апd plural соuпtаые and чпсоuпtаые почп5 to refer to them in а
:cecific sense. lt is also used when something has already Ьееп mentioned.
Read '1.4-r.5 oftfie Grаmmаr Rеfеrепсе оп ра9е 'l62 before уоч do the tasks.
\ 1з
=ъ q
vtlrrfiи11
Using colourful idioms & phrasal verbs
Whеп you write ап informal letter to someone, чsе а
few соlоur{чl idioms апd phrasal verbs to make уочr
writing sound mоrе паturаl, mоrе informal and mоrе
interesting. When you learn new idioms and рhrаsаl
verbs, make surе you make а note of the structure
that follows them, so that you use them рrореrlу.
Fоr example, check to see i{ they аrе followed Ьу а
поuп, an in{initive, а gerund ог а preposition.
Hi Nuriа,
teacl]er gave mе уоцr profile,
How ale yo!r? I'm Lyndsay youl new penpal, Му English
Guesswhat?We'vegotloads(1).-common.For.astalt,WeWeIebornonthesaпreday-l7th
older sisters! Тhеу аrе great in_general, but
octobel! ISnt that a-""i"gi arr" Р" rike уоч I've got two
When We 'borrow' each others' clothes!
Sometimes We get ( 2)
'
Mymumanddadarecool'DadЪgotaclothesshopwhichsellsallthelatestfashions.MumЪalawyel,Sosheъ
аЙауs veTy busy, What do yotrr parents do?
ThethingsthatIlikedoingmostaregymnasticsandlisteningtomusic.ldogymnasticsthleetimesaweek fol
at the district championship this уеа, AS
and I train теаllу h,.rd, rrr*'ii;;; i .l'il hoping to -in -edil
u
Well, that's all for the moment, Write Soon, I'm dying
(5) firrd оцt mоrе about you!
Take care,
-- -
Lyndsay
14
_ э ck again !
] Read the model letter again and tick the things the Writer
has done.
1 explained who shе is t]
2 written about similarities between hеr and Nuria п
,
З
4
given infoгmation about hеr immediate family J
mentioned опlу опе thing she likes l_
5 writtеп iп а сhееrful tопе f
5 included addгesses
Э, еr to youI
--: Read the writing Lloso-|)p
task and make а раrаgrарh рlап for уоur letter.
Remember to include some colourful idioms and some phrasal When you Wrjte а lelter to а penpal,
you should show ап inteгest in him or
verbs to make your letter more {riendly and interesting. i.
her Ьу ачkiпg а few questions. 'hpse
'/эчr English teacher at
schoo/ has аrrапgеd penpa/s fоr а// the students qUestions sound mоге natural ifyou i
- your c/ass so that уоu сап putthem atthe end of а description
рrасtiiе writing iп English, write а letter
:э уоUr пеW penpal iпtrоduсiпg уоцrsеlf, your friends апd te!!ing of уоur own. Fоr example, if you write
уоur аЬоцt уоUr parents, you сап ask about
эепраl about уочr favourite schoo/ sutryects- (12О-l8О words)
уоuг penpal's parents immediately
afterwardb,
USе|цl {xpress\oцs
Asking generally about the reader Asking about likes/dislikes
HoW аге уоч? Are you а fan of ...?
What have you Ьееп up to lately? Are you into .,.?
HOWarethingsin...? Areyou interested in .,.?
A5king about family and friends What qets оп yoUr пеrче5?
What are your brothers/sisters/mum and dad/best friends like? WhаtЗ уоUr number опе ..,?
How mапу people аге there in уоUr family? Asking about school
WhаtЪ it like bejn9 ап опlу child? WhоЪ yoUr favoUrite teacher?
Where does your best friend live? WhаtЪ уоUr best/favoUrite 5ubject?
Do you get on Well With ...? Which subjects аrе уоч taking thi5 уеаr?
Have you got а lot in соmmоп With ...? Аrе уоU qood/a natural at ..,?
How old islare...?
HoW long have you Ьееп best friends?
What does ... do fоr а living?
What iS ... job?
,l5
Before you watch
А Match thе words to the meanlngs.
1 outback П а pictu rе
2 Aboriginal П Ь Ьесоmiпg worse
З civilisation П с cold-blooded animal that lays eggs (snake, crocodile, turtle, etc)
4 image П d area of Australia, fаr away frоm the coast and towns, especially the dеsегts in central Australia
5 rерtilе L] е the way of life and culture of а society from а particular раrt of the wоrld
6 deterioration I l t relating to the first реорlе of Australia
Сепtrum
Тhе places and things below are all associated
with mysteries. What do you know about them?
. the LoSt city о{ Atlantis . the Nazca Lines
. the Bermuda Triangle . Stonehenge
. the Easter lsland statues i.ir'fo|esi: а forest iп о tгорiсаl
аrео whеrе thеrе is а lot of rаjп
i,! rti с |)lt. eri.:.] r|s: people who
Quickly read the text about the Мауа and \,,
L
Yfuж М sý& Уý Ф# hFЪЖ ýdmУЖ ву cuy cugl;ottd
- :.]";::,liti;;il iЦ::фЦ:-Н::::+:++!iц,:::,:|,":::?;'#:"
proud temp es апd palaces, which аrе now in ruins.
arа l . - :э live there and riсh people frоm other cities would go thеrе
.
ее5. ] -: idays. But that аll changed ],2ОО
уеа15 ago. Archaeologists
эWп . :,lat invaders саmе suddenly,
рrоЬаЬlу Ьу сапое. They mау
: : эаtt ed With soldiers Ьу the riчеr Ьеfоrе heading into the city
]tion :--:-:, followed the path they would have taken and came across
: - Jz,lg асе next to thp ruirs ofa lаrgе pool. З Ther,
.l -. ,-р а раtomb. The invacers killec the city's leade:s jnd threw
се : , эсdiеs into the Water. The invasion must have Ьееп quick and
. '],ing. The city'S People wеrе ргоЬаЬlу So Scared that they fled
: :re rainforest.
D Do you agree with these statements? Compare уочr answers with а раЁпеrЪ.
. lv]ost Ьizаrrе рhепоmепа can Ье explained Ьу scientific evidence.
. Реорlе who рlау practicaljokes and waste the time of the еmеrgепсу services should Ье punished.
. There have breen incidences of aliens visiting our planet.
. Researchers shouldn't waste their time investigating reports of ghosts and spirits.
Past Simple
А Match each sentence with опе use о{ the
Past 5imрlе.
] We watched а documentary оп the Pyramids
and Wrote а report about it. I
2 James woke up at fоur o'clock every
mоrпiпg. !
З Agatha christie Wrоtе over 80 detective
stories iп hеr lifetime. ;_.,]
we сап use the past continuous for one of Leedskalnin'S most Sресtасчlаr creations WaS а nine-
а ап action that Was in progress at а specific tоп revolving door. Тhе door was so well-balanced that it
time in the past. (6) (ореп) with the push о{ а finger.
two оr mоrе actions that Were in progress at Not,ody could understand how this wогkеd until the door
the same time in the past. (7) (Ыеаk) in '1986. While engineers
an action that Was iп progress in the past that (8) (repair) it, they found that
Was interrupted Ьу another action. Leedskalnin had put а рагt of а truck called а Ьеаriпg in the
сепtrе. The епgiпееrs (9) (replace)
Ве careful! the bearin9, but the door по lопgеr opens as easily as it did
Rеmеmьеr that we don't u5е stative verbs in
orig in а llу.
:ontinUous tenSes.
lп December '195], Leedskalnin (10)
Read 2,1-2.2 ol the Grаrпmаr Rеfеrелсе оп page
16З before you do thе tasks. (realise) that he (1 1) (suffer) from ап
illness and he put а notice оп the gate of Coral Castle which
said'Going to the hospital'. Unfortunately, he
(12, (die)there thrее days later, b,ut
n:: .п in his creation. which tourisъ сап still visit.
::-.о :* ]
D Complete thе sentences With the correct form of the Past Simple or the Past continuous of the verbs in brackets.
the archaeologi5t5 thе site when they
some gold colns? (excavate, find)
2 The children what the historian (поt Understand, Say)
з to south Аmеriса last month, Ьut l the opportunity to See the
Nazca Lines. (trачеl, поt have)
the famous writer mysteriously before he
his latest novel? (disappear, finish)
5lt whеп the bizarre accident (rain, hарреп)
21
t-i*tc п\лоtr
А Match the words to the meanings.
] mystery t ] а facts оr objects which make you think something is true
2 disappearance I l Ь something we don't fully know or understand
3 evidence t- с а decision about something after having taken into account а l{acts
4 thеогу L] d ап idea you have that tries to ехрlаiп something
5 сопсlusiоп е the act of leaving sесrеtlу оr without explanation
Lloso-Up
The answers арреаr iп the 5ame order а5 the questions. !'
22
Spe аk\чо1
А Work with а раrtпеr and answer these questions.
. Whеп you think of mysteries, what comes to mind?
. Do you like mysteries? Why?/Why not?
. What is your favourite mystery почеl. film оr TV рrоgrаmmе? Why do you like it?
Read the sentences below and decide which you would use to agree (А),
[acts disagree (D) or partly agree (Р) with ап орiпiоп.
] You're absolutely right. П
2 l true. П
don't think that's entirely Llоsо-Uр
З How сап you say that? П Don't.just give one-Word answers; ехрlаiп
4 ТhаtЪ exactly what lthink. П and justify your answer а5 thi5 Will make your
conversation more natural, lf your partner
5 l agree with you up to а point, П
doesn't hаче mчсh to say, try to get feedback
6 l'm afraid l don't agree. П from him or her to see if he or she agrees or
7 lа9rее entirely. П disagrees With What you are saying.
З lmagine that you and your friends want to solve а mystery. Sоmеопе keeps spraying graffiti on the
outside of your school at night and you want to find out who it is without being seen. First, talk together
about the different items you can use to so|ve thе mystery. Тhеп, decide which two objects would Ье the
most useful. Remember to use the Useful Expressions,
( ,,_
В Complete the Sentences With the correct form of the phrasal verbs from А.
1 lt WaS So dark in the rооrп that l сочldп't where апрhiпg was.
carrie а loud scream when she thought she saw the yeti|
з Do you UFOs? l certainly do because l've seen onel
4 lwasn't Ьу his pretending to Ье а ghost.
ý ъIl mе exactly what happened and please try to the facts.
6 The detective thе case, but hе couldn't find any clues to help him.
word formation
с complete the text with the correct form of thе words.
Tick the correct sentences and соrrесt the wrong ones in your notebooks.
1 l\4у neighbour used to disappear fоr days at а time, П
2 Did your dad use to watch Dr lulУhо Ьоу?
whеп he was а young П
З Would they live iп that haunted hоusе Ьеfоrе moving to очr street? П
4 Репеlоре would to look into every 5trап9е оссurrепсе that she heard about. П
5 l didn't used to рау attention when my grеаt-аuпt told me about hеr adventures. П
6 Michael wouldn't ]ike reading about unexplained mysteries when he was а teenager. !
25
Using adjectives and adverbs
lmprove уоur stories Ьу using descriptive adjectives and
аdчеrЬs of time, place, mаппеr and degree. They help
the reader to build up а сlеаrег picture of the реорlе,
places and events in the story, as well as to add drаmа апd
5uspense. Remember:
. when we U5е two or mоrе adjectiveý together, they
usually come in this оrdеr: opinion, size, а9е, shape,
colour, origin, material.
. whеп we use ad,jectives ending in -edwe describe how
5оmеопе is affected Ьу something, whereas adjectives
епdiпg in -iпg dеsсгiЬе how someone оr something
affects оthеr5.
. when we use mоге thап опе adverb in а sentence, they
usually come iп this оrdеr: mаппе1 рlасе, time. BUt When
thеrе is а чеrЬ of movement (eg go, ruл, walk)they come
in this order: рlасе, mаппеr. time,
в Read tbe writing task below and underline the key words. what will you write? who will Ье the
main character?
write а story which begins with this sentence: /t was thе scariest thing 5hе had ечеr seen.
с Read the model story and complete it with these adjectives and adverbs.
сагеfчltу сегtаiп enthusiasticalty grееп пегчоustу 5uddenty Weird young
lt Was the Scariest thing she had ечеr Seen, As а рhоtоgrарhеr, Jodie was used to seeing (1)
and wonderful things, but she had печег seen anything like this.
She was working оп а ýtory about mysteries and had hеаrd that а local forest was haunted, Неr colleague RоЬегt was
keen to go there and he (2) agreed to camp thеrе with hеr. But after camping out
fоr thrее nights, they had sееп nothing ехtrаоrdiпаrу.
Тhеп, at midnight оп the last night, moving green liqhts (З) appeared аmопg thе
trees. Jodie took out hеr саmеrа and Started taking photos. She didn't know what the lights were. but they looked
чеrу Strange. 'l have to get them оп film,' she thought,
When Jodie аrriчеd hоmе, she headed fоr thе dark rооm. She huпg up the {iгst photo (4)
апd stared at it iп astonishment, Bright (5) lights formed а сirсlе round the trees.
But the most Ьizаrrе thing was the (6) Ьоу who stood in the middle. Jodie was
17' he hadn't Ьееп there,
Pickin9 up the рhопе, She tried to Stop herselffrom trеmЫiпg. 'He-hello, Robert,'she stammered
(8)-- 'l think you'd better соmе очеr hеrе riqht now,'
26
-:эk again
] iead the model story again and answer these questions.
- ,Vhat was the sсаrу thing that Jodie saw?
2 )о we find this out immediately after the first sentence?
: was she when she saw the thing that scared her?
: "low
"/hеrе
does Jodie feel about what she saw?
З do you think shе wants Robert to go to Ьеr house?
""/hу
the correct раrаgrарh number from the model story next to these descriptions.
"jгitе
: Зriпg the story to ап end. п
э ЭеsсriЬе the background to the story. t]
: ЭеsсriЬе the scary thing in detail. п
э ,tгоdчсе an event that adds Suspense to the story,
п Lloso-Up
i STart with the sentence given and introduce the main сhаrасtеr. l] Whеп you have finished writing
уочr story. read through it to
-cok at the Useful Expressions and circ|e the correct answers. check that it reads well. use this
' s this rеаl or is it?
check list to help you:
а ап optica illusion Ь out of the ordinary с Ьizаrrе
1 HaS the Story got а breginning,
а middle and ап end?
2 stared at him iп 2 DoeS the sentence given make
а mystery Ь disbelie{ с sight 5en5e in relation to the rest of
j can't understand this. lt's abrsolutely
the Story?
а odd Ь uпusuаl с iпехрliсаЫе
3 Аrе the paragraphs сlеаrlу
organised?
m rеаllу Ьу this ехреriепсе. 4 Have l used паrrаtiче tenses?
а chilled Ь eerie с thrilling 5 Does the story include
5 Тhе story is strange, but interesting details?
а mysterious Наче l edited spelling and
Ь true с curious
grammar mistakes?
,аr to уоч!
Read thе writing task below and make а раrаgrарh рlап for your story. Remember to include adjectives
эпd adverbs to add suspense and to helP the reader build up а clear picture.
te а story which begins with this sentence: As soon as they opened the dooL they knew something Was Wrопg.
,', -
-20-180
words)
-*
Usе|иl {хрrеs;\очls
De5cribing mysterie5
.е oUt ofthe ordinary/Unu5Ual
э zarre/stran9e/eХtraordinary sight/sound
a U rlоus
aе rie
'эSсiпаtiпg
,r
aStonishment/disbelief
lcredible
nexplicable
,ay5teriou5
.nyStery
эdd
cpt]cal illUSion
cut ofthis world
;trап9е, but trUе
strange рhепоmепа/оссurrепсе
thrilling/thrilled
Lveird апd wonderful
Before you watch
А How mчсh do you know about some of the famous mysteries of thе world?
Complete the sentences using these words.
Bigfoot Devit's Nessie Yeti
1 is an affectionate nickname given to the Loch Ness Monster.
2 Тhе тriапglе is the паmе some реорlе give to the Bermuda Trianqle.
з The ,АЬоmiпаlэ е Snowman/ or is said to live iп the Нimаlауап region.
4 Has anybody ечеr really photographed Sasquatch, otherwise known as :?
2а
1 Unitsl & 2
, ооаVиlаrц
А complete the sentences with both words.
еmьаrrаssеd amused
а Don't feel about уочr арреаrапсе. You look fine.
Ь Why аrе you so ? l don't think it's at аll funny.
rеmаrkаЬ[е 9епеrочS
а Neil Armstrong's achievement was absolutely
ь Dad is both kind апd with others,
beLief leqend
а lt iS my that everyone needs {гiепds.
ь Have you hеаrd the of the ghost rider?
ridicUlou5 а99rеssiче
а please calm down. yоч shouldn't Ье so
ь lt's absolutely to believe that the house is hаuпtеd.
exp[anation illusion
а l know it looks like а pool of water. but itЪ опlу ап
ь lf there is an for this mystery, l'd like to know what it is.
, э:hе case of David Lang has become well-known, most (4) who have studied i
-- : :.se believe that it i5 а(п) (5) _. Тhеу point out that, despite lengthy investigations, i
ý.- 6) has Ьееп found that Lang even existed. Мапу believe that the story was made .
hе :_. а jоuгпаlist iп the '1880s. lt could Ье that the truth of the matter will печеr Ье known.
:hе
-,
29
1 Units 1& 2
(хrачпИаr
А complete the sentences with the present simple or the present continuous of thе verbs in brackets,
1l (рlау) tennis three times а week.
2 Mum. why you fоrечеr (shout) at me?
уоu (brelieve) in the Loch Ness Monster?
4 (9о) on the mystery tоur tomorrow.
5 Тhе meeting (not Ье) at 9 am today.
6 Grandma (come)to visit a9ain on Sunday?
7 lп this picture, the Ьоу __ (not cry).
8 Li9 ht (travel) at almost З00,000 km per second.
с Tick the sentences whiсh are соrrесt and соrrесt the wrong ones.
1 l was wearing my rеd dress only twice last уеаr.
-
2 Мчm cooked lцпсh, put it on the tаЫе and went to sleep,
3 Неlеп was talking on the рhопе while Julie was being iп bed.
30
article, multiple matching
health- & fitness-related words, prepositions, coIlocations & expressions
present perfect simpIe & present perfect continuous, for, since, Ialely,
already, yet & stiII, countable & uпсоuпtаЬlе nouns, quantifiers
note-taking
talking about stress, comparing photographs, sequencing ideas
article, giving advice
г
Rоаd\лц
А How much do you know about long life? Do thе quiz
and find out| Your teacher will tel| you the answers.
1 What is апоthеr word for'long life'?
а longing
Ь longevity
с longitude
2 How lопg did the world's oldest person live?
а 122 years
Ь 112 уеаrs
с 1 17 years
З Which countries have the brest diets for long life? t rа it! ра rtiсul а г ch оr асtеr isti с
а China, USA, Gеrmапу соп'umрtiопi eating оr
Ь Japan, Grеесе, ltaly driпkiпв something
с Сапаdа, Вrаzil, Frапсе l if е е хресtапсу : th е l е ngth
of time that о реrsоп is likely
В what do you think contributes to long life? to liче
Make а list. You hаче one miпutе! dementio: о 5еriоцs illness
of the miпd, esPecially iп оld
peopIe
С Kead the text quickly. ln whiсh places do people fа't а реriоd of timеwhеп
eat а lot of locally-grown food? по food is eaten
iv о+
Д lопg, healthy li|e is по accident, lt depends оп good qenes
апd good habits. ýcreлfists Who qrе interested in investigoting
what contributes to long life have Ьееп fосusiпg оп groups
liчiпg iп several regions where longevity is the поrm,
",
эmеп whо live longer thап mеп? 1 f
Llоsо-Uр
:эорlе whоsе religion doesn't allow them to eat some things? 2 This taSk rеquirеS you to read
! а text which i5 divided into
_^э role of gепеs?
ЗJ severaI paragraphs, and then
: :pecial drink that fights disease? 4П to match the paragraphs
эеk у meetings?
,.,
5 l
with 50me answer choices.
Yоч can Scan the раrа9rарhs
:-е реорlе iп the text who аrе the oldest? бП 7П qUickly to find the answers
:=ople who sleep in the daytime? SП to the qUestion5. Whеп уоu
э:орlе born in а specific twený-year period? have found the information
9П you are looking for, underline
..орlе getting together to hеlр or support each other? 1о П 1 1 f. question
lt and Write the question
it i
: эорJе who mainly work outdoors? 1 2 П
to
пumЬеr in the margin next ]
the underlined part.
part. i
З et the meaning !
YoL]r is the {ood you eat and The oldest person in the world was Jeanne
how it affects уоur health. (para А) Саlmепt of Frапсе. She died in 1997 at the
2 Food products made frоm milk are described as age ol'l22. Why do you think she lived so
(para А) long? Tick the_things you think she did.
зто means to order somebody П Shе ate а kilo of chocolate а week.
not to do something. (para В)
! She rode а bjke until she was 100.
4То means to spend free time ! Неr diet was rich in olive oil.
with other реорlе. (para В)
5
! She loved music and rесоrdеd а rар CD.
_ аrе plants used to give flavour
! at the age of 85, she took up fencing.
to food оr to make medicine. (раrа D)
?5
бпg
] lka rians
] ::-эtеs Xerolas parties hard and stays Uр past 2
.-=-, night.The amazingthin8 isn'tthathedoes
-- : n а remote mountain village, but
that he
:: it at 10З years old.
_ е;*4,
. ,rl
,, ,7,i ,"_"пltllл' l},i ,.t
,lг
4 trainer optician dietician
5 vaccination operation injection
6 preScгiption weights treadmill
7 Ьапdа9е tablet crutch
poison dia9nose examine
8
{ri
]1
В Match each sentence '|-6 with the sentence that logically
follows it a-f.
1 lcut my hand badly while l was рrераriпg dinner. П
2 Susie Ыоkе her arm while doing gymnastics, t
3 l've Ь,ееп going to an aerobics class for а month now. !
4 You should try and eat organic food. I]
5 l've twisted mу ankle, but l don't know if itЪ broken, П
6 Ben was in а tегriЬlе skiing accident. П
а The doctor thinks the wound is infected.
Ь l will have to have ап X-ray.
с lt doesn't contain апу preservatives.
d She'll have to have it in plaster for а few weeks until itheals,
е |t's great, l've lost weight and lfeel muсh fitter!
f lt will take him months to recover.
Old wives' tales, оr at least some of them, do indeed have words о{ wisdom to offer| Take the 'apple а day' saying.
Appies are full of (1) additives / vitamins that keep us healtby and in good (2) shаре / figure physically. l{ we are
healthy, we have по need for а doctor. Апоthег saying is: 'Starve а fever, feed а cold'. lVlany researchers say that а
person with а high (3) illness / tеmреrаturе should imit what they eat, and опlу drink water. Оп the other hand, they
(4) dia9nose / advise patients Who аrе suffering {rоm а cold to do the opposite
- to eat (5) well-ba anced / nourishing
food. Speaking of colds, another oLd wives'tale (6) ргеsсriЬеs / treats dear old mum's homemade chicken soup as а
quick and simple (7) геmеdу / medication fог runny noses, sniffles and even (8) sore / tender thгoats. Тrу it, doctors
agree it works!
D Which of these ideas for staying healthy and in good shape do you а9rее with? Discuss уочr answers with
а partner.
. jоiп а gym or an aerobics class
о eat nourishing food that has iots of proteins and minerals
. take vitamins if l have the flu or ап infection
. drink hеrьаl tea if l have а sore throat
. take medication when а doctor advises rпе to
34
Эrеsепt Perfect Simple
& Present Perfect Fоr, since, lately, already, yet & still
,ontlnuous
в Look at the words in bold iп the sentences below
А We use thе Present Perfect Simple for actions and notice how they are used.
and situations that happened at ап indefinite
time in the past. We use the Present Реrfесt She's Ьееп seeing а dietician for а month.
continuous for actions and situations that НеЪ been ruппiпg in marathons since 20О4.
staгted iп the past and are still in рrо9rёss or l haven't Ьееп feeling very energetic lately.
have happened repeatedly up until пJw. Look Не isn't hеге. НеЪ already left for the gym.
at the sentences below and answer the Haven't you finished your work yet?
q uastions that follow. Не still hasn't bought пеw trainers.
- complete the sentences with the correct form of thе present perfect simple
or the present perfect
continuous of the verbs in brackets.
Неr aunt
,]
D Г you will hеаr someone talking about sleep and sleep problems. Fоr questions 1-7, complete the sentences
1 people driving when they аrе tired аrе at least раrtlу to Ыаmе for almost of sеriочs
rоаd accidents.
2 Оur Ыаiпs аrе designed to get ready for sJeep when they sense
З Оur modern li{estyles mеап our s]eep patterns аrе very different frоm оuг bodies' natural biological
Lloso-Uy
LiSten саrеfullу to апу пumЬеr5 уоч
hеаr оп the recordin9, so that уоu
сап Write them doWn согrесtlу,
>ре ak\vla Llоsо-Uр
When speaking, it iS important that your }
Work with а partner and answer thеsе thoughts аrе well organised.This will help
}
q ueStions. the listener to follow whal you аrе \aying,
Тгу to 5еquепсе your ideas Ьу U5ing key
. How often do you feel stressed at work/ phraSes such as Io begin With ,.,, Дпоthеr Е
Student А: Соmраrе photos 1 and 2 апd say how you think thе
people аrе feelin9.
эпtепсеs. student в: what advice would you give the people iп the {irst
photo?
,{ serious
]rnment
Student В: Compare photos З and 4 and say hоw you think thе
Look at this list of adivities which sоmеопе реорlе аrе feeJing.
could do to reduce stress. put them in Student А: What advice would уоU give the person ;n the first
оrdеr of how helpful they are ('l = most photo?
helpful; 8 = least helpful). Then, discuss
your answers with а раrtпеr, giving reasons
'or уочr choices.
wa king sleeping
Usе|цl {хрrеss\оц9
]
Prepositions
А Complete the sentences with the correct prepositions. Some prepositions сап Ье used mоrе than опсе,
against of оп очег to
С Complete the letters with the idioms from В in the correct form.
с9 a\ о lпtёгпеt
5б
СочпtаЬ]е & UпсочпtаЬlе Nouns
А СочпtаЫе почпs refer to separate items. Тhеу
сап Ье singular and plural. Uncountable почпs
refer to abstract ideas or things that cannot Ье
counted. They do not have а plural form. Which
of the почпs below are countable and which are
чпсочпtаЬlе? Write С (countable) or
U (uncountable).
injection П biScuit п
knowledge ! health п ouantifiers
holiday П mопеу п D Some quantifiers |ike а lot of апd lots of сап Ье
biology П goal п used with both сочпtаЫе and чпсочпtаЬIе почпs,
but others cannot. Look at the words in bold in
rесrеаtiоп П job п these sentences and then апswеr the questions.
Тhеrе аrепt mапу people in the park.
в some почп5 сап Ье both сочпtаые апd
Тhеrе isnt mчсh new equipment at the gym,
чпсочпtаЫе depending оп thёir meaning.
She had оп|у а little energy left after the match.
How is the mеапiпg of rооm different in
She grows а few herbs in hеr garden.
these sentences?
1 There isn't room for аll of us in the car. which words аrе чsеd with
2 This is the most expensive rооm in the hotel.
1 соuпtаЫе nouns? and
оrmаtiоп
с Tick the почпs which can Ье both сочпtаые
2 uпсоuпtаЫе nouns? and
Ietic
and uncountable.
,еr
Ве careful!
1 glass п 5 medicine п Much and mапу сап usually опlу Ье used in questions and
2light п 6 ехреriепсе п negative sentences.
3 Water п 7 darkness п Read З.4-З.6 of lhe Grаmmаr Rеfеrепсе оп pages 164-165
4 hаir п 8 economics п before уоч do the tasks.
А lmagine your friend has asked you for some advice. Look at these problems and write а piece of advice in
your notebook fоr еасh one. Use the structures and expressions above.
1 l find it rеаllу hard to get out of bed in the mоrпiпg. 4 N4у head huгts when l рlау computer games.
2 l Want to get into Shape, b,Ut l hate Sports. 5 ,'m add,cted to cl^ocolate and cr'sps,
3 l always feel huпgrу as soon as l get to school. 6 l Wanttotake uр а hobbythatWill help mе getfit.
В Read the writing task апd write Т (true) or F (false) for еасh of the sentences below.
Yоu hаче sееп this аппоuпсеmепt iп your sсhоо/Ъ student magazine.
ffi
*gmгrтоп g€,пýе gightý the соmзгrоп cold
Аrе you one of those people who come down with colds and flu every autumn?
(1) ; hеrе аrе some handy tips to prevent nasty colds,
First of all, а hеаlthу diet сап hе]р to рrеvепt уоu getting sick. However, you
(2) Wait to get а cold and then Start to take action,
(з) give yourself а head staгt Ьу rеgulаrlу eating and
drinking foods and drinks high in important vitamins? Even if you do become ill,
ll-e,oad to recovery will Ье гrчсh easier,
Secondly, sleeping well is very imрогtапt to good health. Lack о{ sleep lowers
your body's resistance to illnesses and makes it hаrdеr to fight off colds. So,
(4) you get аrоuпd eight hours sleep а night to Stay
оп form.
LaSt, but not least, you must епsчrе that уоu are hygienic. Colds сап easily Ье
caught Ьу touching surfaces which have germs оп them. (5)
wash уоur hands in wаrm soapy wаtеr after touchinq door
handles, tеlерhопеs, lэчttопs and doorbeils.
Ё
t
- ээk again!
] Read the model article а9аiп апd answer these questions.
' l,Jas the wгitеr copied wоrd for word {rоm the task?
2 Why does the writer begin with а question?
3 Ls the tопе ofthe аrtiсlе angry, encouraging or critical?
: ls it written in а fогmаl, informal or semi-{ormal way?
i Сirсlе the correct words to complete the plan for the model article.
: е: Соmmоп sense fights the соmmоп cold
::,agraph'|: lntroducethe theme /firsttip and state whatthe articlewill beabout.
:-.аgrарh 2: Tip discuss the benefits / drawbacks of а healthy diet.
1:
::.agraph З: Tip 2: discuss the importance of colds / sleep.
'.,аgrарh 4: Tip 3: discuss why реорlе should wash their hands / touch сlеап things.
=э,а9rарh 5: Conclude Ьу making а 9епеrаl statement and rеfеrriпg back to the tips / adding ап extra tip.
Usеfиl {хуrеss\очs
lt's never Ьееп so imPortant
for teenagers to l(eep fit. Health
Ье рrопе to
Do you have any good advice to help your come down with
lп? fellow students get in shape? have therapeutic qualities
l ds, lower resistance to
тhеп write us ап article! prevention iS better than сurе
)u We will publish the best опеs next month. take vitamins
]о n. the rоаd to recovery
з and Fitness
те ill, aerobic exerci5e
Ье active
Ье оп form
I Ье out of shape
"егS
э, buiId up your strength
Stay burn up calories
control уоur Wejght
get/stay in Shape
Ье 9о to the 9уm
keep fit
iпсrеаsе flexibility
ъ}
*.** speed up your metabolism
5trength-building eXercises
I stretching exercises
Warm up
Wогk out
t 41
Before you watch
А Match the words to the meanings.
1 physiological п а а small quantity о{ something to show what it is like
Тоо much cortisol weakens the bones апd makes them more likely to
Ыеаk. This could create рrоЫеms that hаче ап impact оп
(7) реrhарs taking years off а person's life.
Тhеrе{оrе, it is impoгtant to exercise regularly. Puttin9 the body through
the stress of exercise i5 one way to get rid of psychological stress and iп
that Way preventing its (8) еffёсts.
?:
F-.
li.
,
j
*
l
Rоаd\чq
Sculpture
of lcarus
Thгoughout history, mапkiпd has Ьееп fascinated With flying, ге5еагсh into Space tгачеl Would Someday mеап he too Would
Fгоm the myth of lсагUS, Who flew tоо close to the Sчп, to the Ье able to jочгпеу into Sрасе, Ву the mid-'l99os, hоwечег,
invention of the most advanced fightег рlапе, mап'S fascination Rutan had геаlisеd that Waiting fог the gочегпmепt WaSnt
With flgha has dг]чеп Us to сгеаtе Ьiggег and Ьеttег flying going to Wогk. lt WaS thеп that he nesolved to build his оWп
machines, spaceship, 'lf mу dгеаm WaS going to come ИUе , of floating
'l9ОЗ, mап's dгеаm We]ghtless in the black Sý and being thгillеd Ьу the Sight of
Iп of flуiпg like а Ьiгd came tгUе With the
Еагth fгоm oubide очп аtmоSрhеге - |'d have to get thingý
wгight Flуеr, the fiгSt machine to achieve сопtгоllеd flight,
Staгted myself,' Said Rчtап.
Очег Sixty уеагS ]аtег iп 1969, the Boeing 747 took to the
skieS, Мапчfасtuгеd in the Wогld'S IагgеSt fасtогу building in Rutan WaS епсоuгаgеd to buiId his оWп Spaceship Ьу the
l Seattle, USA, its Wide-body design Was able to сагry mоге ýloW development of аегорlапе design, Five уеагS
раSSепgегS than апу оthег аiгсгаft, геdчсiпg the cost of аftег the Wгight ЬгоthегS'fiгSt flight iп 'l9ОЗ, the
аiгliпе tгачеl. lп '] 97Б, Сопсогdе WaS iпtгоduсеd, ThiS Was аегорlапе Was Still jUSt а dапgегочS счгiоSitу. ОпIу а
the fiгýt апd опlу раSSепgег рlапе to tгачеl fаStег than dozen ог So people had tгiеd flying iп опе, Yet Ьу
the Speed of sound, Space tгачеl, too, has had its оwп 19] 2 hчпdгеds of piloЪ had flown аегорlапеs
amazing developments, lп "I9В1, the Space Shuttle of diffегепt designS that Wеге developed
gгаЬЬеd the Wогld'S attention Whеп it Ьесаmе the fiгSt thгочgh ргiчаtе епtепрг]Sе, The bad designS :t
геuSаЬlе 5расесгаft, сгаShеd; the good опеS flew. Sооп fасtогiеS
Space tгаче has сарtuгеd the imagination of in Fгапсе, Епglапd and Gегmапу Wеге
thousands of уоUпgstегs, Опе Sцсh уоUпg регSоп
'l ргоdчсiпg huпdгеds, then thousands, of :
Was Вчгt Rutan, Ai the 1 957 lаUпсh of SрUrлik 1, аегорlапеs а уеаг, Why did this happen?
the fiгSt mап-mаdе object to огЬit the Еагth, Rutan Вчг[ RULan believes l,he апSWег lies iп :::
WaS jUSt '] 4 уеагS old. Не believed that gочегпmепt two оЬSегчаtiопS: 'That hss to Ье fчп' апd
'МауЬе l сап do that',
u
"]:
тг
ll
il
:
Choose the answer (а, Ь, с or d) which fits best
э ccording to the text.
Llоэо-Uу
- What does the word its refer to in para 2, line 5?
lf а rnUltiple choice question asks you to
find What i5 NoT mentioned in the text,
а the t/y'rght F/уеr yoU muSt look for the information fоr
ь airline travel all the answer options. Whеп you fiпd
с the Воеiпg 747 а piece of jnformation, underline it and
d the wоrldЪ largest factory cro55 out that answer option. continue
until уоч are left With one answer option,
2 Rutan realised he needed to build his оwп spaceship
Whi(h must Ье the согrесt апSWеr.
а whеп Sputnik 1 was launched.
Ь because the government space programme was
too SloW,
с when hе was опlу 14 years old, Get the meaning!
d while hе was studying the history о{ flight.
D Complete the sentences with the noun forms
З What were the requirements to Win the Ansari Х Prize? of these words.
hе а to design а spaceship fоr private use
ode Ь to encoutage pr'vaтe space t.avel deve[op fascinate invent оЬsеrче rеqчiге
lted с to епtеr space and rеtчrп twice in two weeks Тhе о{ the computer
е sun d to make ten million dоllаrs for space travel changed the way we live,
t, оr п paragraph 5, what does the word commercia/ise Rob's with
m ean? aeroplanes led him to become а pilot.
а sell something to another business
Ь develop ап idea Ьу advertising
з lп the last decade there have Ьееп several
in space techno!ogy.
с make something well known in the business world
d turn something into а business 4 Detectives need to hаче good powers of
,со would What prediction about the {uture does the writеr
iiечег, NOT mention? 5 А university degree is опе of the
Jоr rгапч iobs.
.,аsп't а that we will travel on spaceships
S оWп Ь that We Will Stop visiting fоrеigп countries
floating
с that we will go оп space holidays
эht of
:h пgS
d that humапs will always Ье interested in {lying
What is this text mainly about? Would you like to go on holiday in sрасе?
thе
а sir Riсhаrd Вгапsоп's business Why?/Why not?
у
ь famous аirсrаft What do you think реорlе would Ье ab,le to
с private schemes to build а success{u! sрасесгаft
]^S
] the do there?
tу, Опlу а d government rеsеаrсh into space flight
] Yet Ьу
]р апеý
ed : - э optimism fina ly paid off. lп 2ОО4 his Specially
deSignS . ;-ed spaceship, sрасе5hiрапе, SUccessfully епtегеd
jасtогiеs
: . : зпd made lt back to Еагth twice iп hlr'o Weeks,
еге .: ,чеге the геquiгеmепts to Wiп the ten-miLlion-
Cs, of . ДпSагi Х Ргizе, а ргizе designed to епсоUгаgе the
lрреп? - -эгпепt of ргiчаtе Space tгачеl, RUtan'S success
Siп : -a Wогld'S attention, апd чагiочS Schemes to
---.егсiаliSе ргiчаtе Space tгачеL Ьеgап tо арреаг,
: such sсhегпе, siг Richaгd Вгапsоп has licensed
. _:.1поlоgу of SрасеshiрОпе tol his соmрапу, Viгgiп
с Which hopes to оftег огdiпаry people the
' .::-:Jпitу
- ] to visit Space. ВгапSоп Uпче led the follow-
: : .rt SpaceshlpтWo, in DесеmЬег 2m9, Viгgiп's
.. :эасеShiрs Will have ьNо pilots апd six раSsепgегS
, ]"-d Раssепgегs, who will рау $2ОО,ООО fог а
-: lvil float Weightless fог Six thгilliпg miпчtеý аS they
,]: .Ut at Space thгоUgh а lагgе Window, 'of all ihe
.: ,ve've dопе" ВгапSоп says, 'Viгgiп Galactic iS the
: -i,] most excited about, ЕVеry time l look Up in the
. .: п ght, l think about how iпсгеd Ьlе the оррогtuпiw
, ::эр е have Ьееп Waiting fог this mоmепt fог
- _ _:зпdS
of уеагS,'
з8
D Do you agree with these quotes? Compare your answers with а partner's.
. 'Опе rпасhiпе сап do the work of fifty ordinary mеп, Ьut no mасhiпе can do the work о{ опе ехtrаоrdiпаrу man.'
ЕlЬеrt Hubbard
. 'Man is still the rnost extraordinary computer о{ all.'John Е Kennedy
. 'Computers are useless. They сап опlу give you апswегs.' РаЫо Picasso
46
В Complete these sentences using а correct future tense.
1 Tomorrow morning l'm
Euture Simple, Shall, Ве going to, Future
2 ShalI l
Continuous & Fчtчrе Perfect Simple
з l think l
:: -:ational robotics isn't just а revolutionary idea any mоrе; it has become
hat you
:: ], This reality is а humanoid robot called NAO developed Ьу а Frепсh
: : -эапу. NAO listens, speaks, sees апd reacts to touch. NAO is а tool for the
::::^ing of science and technology.
J:-эепts (З) will Ье using / will have used NAO as а tool to lеаrп about robotics
:- э эthеr Subjects such as mathematics and computer programming instead of
_ -
_. using traditional methods, lt (4) will Ье / will hаче been wопdегfчl for students
-: :э hands-on experiments and experience
how muсh fun robotics сап Ье.
: -="ently,
NAO (Academics Edition) is being used in mаjоr universities and
:::,atories around the world. but it (5) will soon have Ьееп / is sооп going to Ье
: ,
= able to the 9епеrаl рчЫiс too. Without а doubt, NAo
э : gоiпg to make / shall make classes mоrе fun for both teachers and students!
L\stеч\чq
А ('Lirt"n *о this conversation between Jim and Valerie and decide who еасh question is about.
Write J (Jim) оr V (Valerie).
1 Who didn't know that there was а рrоЫеm? t]
2 Who likes to have long telephone conversations? .
]
в ( ' Now listen again and complete the phrases that the speakers use to express these meanings.
1 аппоуiпg mе . оп mч пеrчеs
2 functions согrесtlу perfectly
з disconnects us us off
4 begins to make noises sta гts
5 talk for Shогtеr lengths о{ time have shorter
С б You will hеаr people talking in six Situations. Fоr questions 1-6,
choose the best answer, а, Ь оr с. Сlоsо-Uр
You hеаr sоmеопе talking about а household device. YoU may not hear the exact
Which item is he talking about? WoгdS that you read in the
а а dishwasher anSwer choices, 5о think
Ь а washing mасhiпе carefully about What еасh
с а vacuum сiеапеr ап5Wеr choice meanS.
Yоu hеаr а girl talking. How does she {eel about hеr
(
а
Ыоth еr?
She thinks he's going to Ье чеrу successful,
п
Ь She thinks he's wasting his Lime.
с she doesn't саrе whether he's successful or поt.
48
l
>Peaklvlo)
{ Work with а partner and answer these questions.
. What do you think iS the greatest jnvention? Why?
Do you hаче an email ассочпt? What do уоu use it fоr? How often do you use it?
l{ you had the оррОrtuпitу to learn at home using а computer instead of going to school,
would you? Why?,Ar'r'hy not?
lf you had to choose опе electronic device to take with you on holiday, whai would it Ье?
The following electronic devices have become part of mапу people's daily lives. How often do you
each of them? Which ones could you not live without and whу?
. aptop . digital саmеrа
. mobile рhопе . video game сопsоlе
. МРЗ player . GPS navigator
- Work with а раrtпеr and answer the questions about the photographs.
One of you should Ье Student А and thе other should be'Studeit Ё.
Remember to use the Usefu/ Expressions. Llоsо-Vр
When you dont know а word
оrсап't remember it, don't
Waste time tryin9 to bring it to
mind.Think of anotherWay to
express the same idea.
е exact
Student А: Соmраге photos
in the
1 and 2 and say what the
n]nk
: each advantages of еасh situation are.
lS, student в: which situation do
you think is best to wогk iп?
49
! ооаVиlаrц
.word formation
А Complete the table.
i 9Т_Р9Уе| l P9We'.
revolutionise revolutionaгy
industrialise industгy
ехсеllепсе excellent
lT9s]l" imaginative
phrasal verbs
С Rewrite the sentences below in your notebook, replacing the words in bold with these phrasal verbs.
back uP btast off соmе up With hook up tog in Set up
1 l'll get the technician to connect уоur соmрUtеr to the power supply right away, so you сап use the Net.
2 l'll give you my password, so you сап gain access to а computer and begin your work.
З lnventors think of, suggest and make newand helpful gadgets all thetime-they're amazing.
4 The rocket is going to leave the ground and head for space iп half an hour.
5 Remember to make а сору of your work оп your сОmрчtеr at the end of the day. You don't Want to lose апуthiпg.
6 HowlongWill ittake Pete to getthe experiment rеаdу for later?
50
Temporals
А Underline the temporals in each sentence and notice the
tenses which foIlow them.
. Will you check that you have switched off the рriпtеr before
you leave?
. |'ll save the {ile as sооп as lfinish updating it.
. Please text me thе moment you have апу news.
. Whеп l get mу оwп computer, l'll Ье аЫе to chat with my friends,
. |'ll wait until the technician fixes the hаrdwаrе.
I complete the sentences with the correct form of the чеrьs in brackets. use опе future tense and опе
рrеsепt tense.
1 The technician the security аlаrm before we
into our пеW house. (install, move)
2 __ my favourite TV рrоgrаmmеs when l а DVD
recorder (record, get)
3We the most up-to-date in{ormation Until We
thе lпtеrпеt. (not find, use)
4| the file Ьу the time you to access it.
(download, need)
5 The students а robotics demonstration aS 5ооп as they
_ from their iuпсh Ыеаk. (watch, come b,ack)
Jen nifer the online application fоrm after she
the песеssаrу information. (complete, 9ather)
rДhiпg. Э Complete the sentences аЬочt the future so that they are true аЬочt you.
1 l'll buy а new mob,ile рhопе when
2 Afte" l have linished my stud'es, my раrепts
з [V]y classmate and lwill have completed оur science project before
4 |'ll activate the аlаrm а5 sооп as
5 |'ll have finished studying English Ьу тlе time
6 'll lend you my spare mobile until
51
tлlrifiи4
clauses of reason & contrast
Whеп you write, you will often need to justify уочr opinion, You can
use clauses of reason to explain tbe rеаsоп fоr something and clauses
of сопtrаst to express ап opposite idea or opinion.
clauses of reason аrе introduced with these words:
. as/since/becauselthe rеаsоп whу + ýub'ect + чеrЬ
. because o{/due to + noun/the fact that
. the rеа5оп for + поUп
clauses of contrast are introduced with these words:
. аlthочgh/ечеп though/but/while/whereas/yet + subject + чеrЬ
. however,/nevertheiess, + subject + verb
. in spite of/despite + поuп/thе fact that/-ing
А Tick the correct sentences and correct the Wrong ones in your notebooks.
] The rеаsоп for l was impressed was the centre's organisation, f
2 The astronaut gave ап interesting lecture, Ьесаusе some реорlе couldn't hear him. L
3 Тhе space shuttle launch was postponed due for bad weather. L
4 The technology fair was ехсеllепt, Ноwечеr, the opening hours should have Ьееп extended. f
5 lwould definitely гесоmmепd the product despite of its cost. L
б ln myopinion,young people prefer interactive game consoles since they aгe more challenging than traditional games.
В Read the writing task and the notes you have made апd tick the things you must do in the task below.
You hаче received ап email frоm the mапаgеr of а visitor centre you wелt to rеселt/у. Read the mапаgеr's еmаil апd
the notes you have made. Тhеп, write ап emailto the mапаgеr, usiпg all yaur notes.
Dear Visitor,
we would like your
As vou rесепtlч visited the Оrап Space
Exploration Visitor Сепtrе aS раrt ot а school яrоuр,
f;;ffi;;;;;;;;i*. *"irro ье чеrу grateful if you could [ake the
й"
{eebback on your experience and th!
time to rерlу,
informative, ls there аПУ
Firstlv, We Would like to knoW if yoU foUnd
the Spacecraft exhibitionS interesting and
to visitors? *-,|
*"у iЁ"уlЬ"rа Ье made mоrе appealing Move iпlerac\ive, 7ейа7s?
in уоUr
part of the visitor centre WaS, We are very interested
Secondly, please tell us What уоur favourite
bpinion ЪпО ,uggestions you miвht have,----x *лп rocket exhibition ьесц\лsе ",
"ny
Furthermore,WeareconsideringincludingeХperttalkSbyformerastronaUtSaSpartofourattractionS'DoyoU
iЙiпt *ould Ье interested in such talks? -_,_|not re ally, because ",
'.uп.еЪ" com'"nt',---rnlu,,n,
if you have апу other suggestions or
PleaSe do not hesitate to let us knoW Fri,n
lar уаuпq 7ea7le
Yours faithfully,
Сlаrk Rуап
Quality control Мапаgеr
5?
t
, Read thе model email and circ|e the correct words.
Llоsо-Uр
When уоч are WIitin9 а formal letter ог
email to someone Whose name you don't
-::r Мr Ryan,
know,begin Dearsir/Madаm and sign off
:т Writing in response to your email asking for feedback on the wilLh Yоuь laithfuПy.|f you know the реrsопi
] -зп Space Exploratjon Visitor Сепtrе. name, then use it in the greeting (eg DeorM5
: -::ly, rе8аrdiпg the spacecraft exhibitions, l found r1"" off withYou:s ii:::rely
them eХtremely '1r*.) "": :|n." .|
-'эгmаtiче (1) as / the reason for l learnt а great deal about the
;:оrу of the spacecraft. (2} While / Ноwечеr, the exhibitions Over to you!
,.] ld Ье much mоге interestin8 if theyWere more interactive.
G Пеаd the writing task and make
-: - this геаSоп, the rocket exhibition made the biggest а раrаgrарh plan for your email.
--
эrеSSiоп оп me (3) the reason why / since it is the опlу thing Remember to justify your opinion using
-:i is interactjve. l поW Understand better how spacecraft wоrk clauses of reason and contrast.
]) l.re to the fact that / because of l ехреriепсеd а 'flight' оп а
-i: rосkеt, Yоu hаче received а п еmаil frоm а соmрапу
that you rесепtlу bought а te/escope frогп,
- 'act, lfeel that sUch exhibitions give students
а better idea of Read the email алd the notes you have
': iп space than talkS Ьу fоrmеr astronaUtS WoUld. conseqUently, mаdе, Тhеп writе ап emai/ to th е соmрапу,
-:!bt that the talks suggested WoUld Ье чеrу popU lar With usiпg all уочr notes. (120-180 words)
: -пg реорlе (5} because / yet they usually prefer to take ап
, :. ve part in Some Way.
З Тhе writеr justifies her орiпiопs. П which feature о[ the telescope уоч feel is
4 Тhе writer рrеsепts feedback in а constructive way. П most USefUl for уоUr needs, in addition to
5 The writer's tone is vеrу negative_ f-
Sug8esting any improvements We could make
to the model you purchased. \provilz а
6 Тhе ideas аrеп't сlеаrlу linked in the email, Г с cu-e
"oyihOJ
Thank you in advance fоr helping us to
Write the соrrесt раrаgrарh пчmЬеr next to еасh description. improve oUr product.
а Suggest how spacecraft exhibition could Ье improved, ! Yours faithfUlly,
Ь Sum up impression of the visitor сепtrе and comment оп опе
Janet Douglas
thing that could Ье improved, !
ProdUct Development Мапаgеr
с comment оп mапаgеrЪ suggestion for future event. i]
d Discuss favourite part and say why, []
е Slaтe tl"e ,еаsоп for writing.f
Usе|иl {хргеss\оц;
Look at the Useful Expressions and complete the sentences
Giving opinion5
with appropriate words. Sometimes more than опе answer l believe/fёel -..
is роssiЫе. In my opinion, ...
'1 Тhе CD-ROM is extremely and llearnt
То my mind, ...
... made ап impression on me ...
а lot frоm it,
... haS proved to Ье ...
2 ln my science lessons should Ье less Feedback
theoretical.
ье interactive
з Since the eqUipment iS it is easy to carry. Ье lightweight/poпable/practical/conVenient
4 То my it would Ье Ьеttеr Ье ideal/Suitable/appropriate for enthu5iasts
i{ there was
Ье extremely informative
а wider rапgе of со]оurs to choose from.
take ап active part in
5з
Dl/D
l
54
Units 3 & 4
'ооаVиlаrц
А Complete the sentences with both words.
'1 Stage proceSS innovation invention
а The development of а пеw product i5 а lопg Тhе of Tv has chanoed
оur way of li{e dramatically.
The first of development is We are living in а century of technological
the longest.
additives vaccinations bandages сгчtсhеs
а Children аrе given Whеп he Ыоkе his leg, thе опlу way fоr him to
protect them a9ainst variouý diseaSeS. mоvе around was to use
Ь l рrеfег eating food that doesn't contain апу Ь Тhе nurse wil] have to change the
оп your wound every day.
portab[e touch-Screen Shape figure
а We have got а CD рlауеr а Jogging iS а good Way to Stay in
which we take outside when the weather is nice.
Ь lf you aren't {amiliar with usin9 соmрutегs, ь The model has а oreat
lrесоmmепdа_ _опе, ShеЪ got опg legs and а slim body.
sore tender ward пчrsе
а l hаче а throat and when а lvs Jones is thе on duty
l swallow food it hurts а lot. at the mоmёпt,
Ь The раrt of my hand where l cut mysel{ is still Ь The hospital must Ье
and painful. kept clean and tidy for patients.
Complete thе sentences with thе correct form of the words iп bold,
Т This computer software сап Ье changed to suit уоuг . REoUlRE
2 There is no in his hеаlth and he is still in hospital. lMPRovE
З That famous dосtоrЪ book оп health is truly , |NSP|RE
4 That architect b,ecame {amous because of his desions. |MAG|NE
5 Му doctor 9аче me а for antibiotics whеп my cold became worse. PRESCR|BE
5 This new rоЬоt is а development in technology. REVOLUT|ON
55
Units 3 & 4
(зrаvпWаr
А Complete the sentences With the Present РеrfеС Simple or the Present Реrfесt Continuous using these verbs.
capture develop eat lose rеасh Simptify Sleep trачеt
Dean Роmеrlеач began eating 2000 саlоriеs а day at the age of З5. His weight has dropped Ьу about 20 kilos and hе
calculates that ечеrу calorie hе avoids is wогth aErout З0 seconds of extra life. 'l am willing to give up (4) а piece of / а few
pizza to live апоthеr three hоuгs!' he says. Мапу реорlе avoid foods that contain (5) а Lot of / ots sugar and fat in the hope
of living lопgег. BUt is it Wоrth it and more impoгtantly iS it true? scientists have not yet found (6) muсh / many
proof, but what they do kпоw is that the key to eating гight is balance. So, is it worth living а little longer, but not
enjoying а (7) few / lэаr of chocolate once in а while?
56
&4
Reading: article, missing sentences
'vосаlэu!агу: succeSs- апd ambition-related Words, prepositions,
collocations & expressions
verbs.
бrаmmаr: modaIs, semi-modaIs, modals perfect
l-iStening: muItiple matching
.э the Speaking: talking about ambition and sчссе5s, decision
making, ехрrе5siпg certainty & uncertainty
:'mе5 iп Writing: еssаи presenting аrgчmепt5
his
ieW
:he
,,
оrk,
.iand
l..
:о keep
: SpanS
:s dogs
lsЁ--лj
ie
Е** ._a .a
-"s -a "s
ё+
aa лý
-: hоре Sýi .ý -"(r
_{
a л-a "(\ i.
ё- "s,"ý
ý -.a-
,\\ ý
лý
лJ' .-.
,-
+
;{- ýлs 'sлý
л\d+-j+ ".' ,с,c
л,+ +
_-{С "s f{. -ý .ýz юЪz
,{ ýý
{i :i
What does success mеап to you? Put the following in
order of how important they are in defining success
(1 = most important; 5 = least important).
]
wealth
hi9h StatuS
реrsопа happiness
good friends
making а diflerence
Do а class survey to find out what the most popular choice is!
:] Read the article to find out approximately how mапу сс]:аrвсt: а medica! сопditjоп which
cataract operations the НСР does every year. causes gгоduаl los' of 5ight
t _,1,1ltc |аr |оm рlосе,whеrе othe,
people live
L,,
The
de'lti1 sеr!:е!lсе: а condition аr рrоЬlеm
]
that leads to death
e!i!l\iila'ie: to get rid of sаmеthiпg
iireie55!y: not getting tiгеd of dоiпg
5omething
,e5tara.ioF: Ьriпgiпg somethiog back to
its огlgiпаl condition
Е-
.#,*
ч}}
l .7'
. iе Surе that the sentence уоu сhоо5е to D Complete the sentences with the correct words.
] gap fits iп logically With the Sentence expedition miгасLе раssiоп
::. comes after it а5 Wella5 With the
,:епсе that come5 Ьеfоге it, 1 l сап't be]ieve thisl lt must Ье а(п)
2 l've печеr Ьееп оп a(n) to the mountains.
!ive sentences have been removed from з l have a(n) fоr music,
:hе textл Choose frоm the sentences А-F dusty rough daring
:hе one which fits еасh gap ('l -5). Тhеrе
s опе extra sentence which you do not 4 This is the most mission l've ever taken
leed to use. part in,
5 Ве саге{ul not to fall, Тhе gгоuпd ls hеrе.
lt was then that hе understood his life's
miSSion, 6 P|ease с еа, rу des|,, ll's чеrу
_,sual .
Jeveloping world, а family mеmЬеr who А child smiles at ап еуе
.dneSS -es blind сhапgеs frоm being Sоmеопе Who camp in Nepal.
ате :-rtes io the family ]nto а famjly burden: а
aпеSS :_-d who can't wоrk in the fields, а mother
:l't аЬ е to walk очеr rough ground to collect
- оr а child who сап по lопgеr attend school,
- hаче As Dr ТаЬiп says, 'lп the Himalayan
;р led -- Ьindness s а death senience, Fоr а long
]р пg . эeople thought that as you gгоw old, уочr
:hеу -,nS White, уочг eyes turn wh te and you die,'
i#
- :,т ng а cataract ореrаtiоп оп а wоmап who
_-еп Ь ind {оr thrее years. З As Dr
зауs, 'lVy раrtпеr Dr Sanduk Ru]t and l have
.ed to wоrk to е miпаlе alJ
-
. Ьt'пdгеss lrоm lге Hima
preventable
ауаг rеg,ог
and
ir /} ;,#, Г;iы,',,{ý
':t mе, а goal mоrе dаr]пg than setting out to they work tiK э Ьriпg the miracle of sight back to
.. :he fiгst ascent of the East Fасе of Мочпt Everest" aS mапу patil роssiЫе Ье fore moving оп to the next
location.
пi -gп the НСР has expanded lnto AJrica rесепtlу,
ц*l . : ld from the Himalayan region Wеrе the focus of How mапу cataract Surger]es does the НСР реrfоrrп every
€qр . , ,сrk iп the еаrlу years, This is because this аrеа
: ^е of the highest rates of саtагасt blindness ]п the
уеаr? Together With their padnerS, the НСР contributes to
the examinatlon and treatment о{ очеr З70,000 patients
: Тпе base of operations s ihe Tilganga lnstitute аппUаllу, including provlding Surgery to очег З1,000
, , ^tha moLogy in Nepal, which treats 2,500 patients patients, 5 And опе of the most amazing things iS
:- ,leek, 4 The teams often find that there ]s that this life-changing surgery опlу costs the НСР $20.
Ruit and . -:tr city or drinking Water, but Within а few hourS, The result of the HCP's wогk is not just the restoration of
iп await - -ап turn а dusty School bU]lding into a'hospital гооm' sight: it's the rеstогаtiоп of human life,
. -: :he Sight-restoring suгgеrу is carried out. Тhеrе,
е camP.
59
l
I
Y ооаVиlаrц
А comPlete the sentences using two of the words in еасh group.
1 best-selting accomplished devoted 4 loss fоrtuпе profit
Tim is a(n) author who Reports say the family
has written over а dozen greatly increased when they sold the property, makinc
novels in the last ten years. а of очеr а million pounds
faitures goats accomptishments jewetlery [and possessioný
[V]апуsaid that Steven wouId печеr achieve his Being а millionaire, hе owns
but after overcoming ail over the country and his wife wears designer
ma ny he is поw clothes and
а famous record producer,
detёrmined vaLuab[e stubborn
З riЬЬоп medal cup Тhе actor succeeded in becominq fаmочs because
Wеаriпg his around his hе was and he had lеаrпt
neck, the proud team captain саrгiеd the championship lessons at drama school-
off the pitch.
The rest, as the saying goes, is history, Орrаh winfrey hаs Ьееп rапkеd as опе of the wоrldъ first д{riсап-дmеriсап
billionaires. Being the реrsоп she is, she doesn't keep аll this mопеу to herself. lnstead, she spends huge amounts each
уеаr helping others.
60
t
'Л odals & Semi-modals в Read these sentences and match them to а
function from А.
А Complete the table with these modal verbs.
сап can't could must mustn't needn't ought to
1 You should set goals {оr the future. !
2 You сап borrow my laptop if you like. !
Function , Modal & Semi-modal Verbs You mustn't leave уоuг computer оп
саu5е
апу mоrе. !
J ]earnt Mr Adams must finish the science project
;chool. Ьу lVlonday. !
I L"lK.i.Бrig"ii;;;i J"";ib""",., lt can't Ье easy to
if you are poor. !
Ыiпg up six children
nece55ily
J
Ве careful!
k tmpossibility Whеп we want to use mustfor оЫigаtiоп in оthеr
I Possibility could, mау, might tenses, we use the tenses of the verb hаче to.
эd Read 5.'1-5.9 oftfie Grаmmаr Rеfеrепсе on pageý
1 66-167 before уоч do tl]e ta5k5.
е 1 You will hеаr five people talking about ambitions. Fоr questions '|-5, choose from the |ist д-F
how each реrsоп feels about ambition. use the letters oniy опсе. Тhеrе is опе extra letter
which you do поt need to use.
1 Speaker 1 А You сап have а very hарру i{e without being ambitious,
2 Speaker 2 L
В Ambit]ons аrе something опJу rich people сап have,
С N4y ambition is thе опlу tbing that inspires me iп mу daily ife,
4 Speaker 4 D You' l ргоЬаЬ у just Ье disappointed because you've failed,
5 Sреаl<еr 5 Е Some amb,itions аrе pointleSS, but оthеrs аrе чеrу use{ul in life.
F lf you rеаlIу want something, you сап have it,
l
I
l
]
"-;#ф
62
l
>ре^k|ц0)
Llоsо-Ир
l Work with а partner and answer these questions. Talk aboUt the advantage5 and
. Аrе you an ambitious person? Why?/Why not? di5advantage5 of еасh situation before
. What is уочr greatest ambition fог the future? makinq а deci5ion. EXpress the certainty
. ls success impoгtant to you?
and/or uncertainty that you feel
. Do уоч think апу of your friends ог family mеmЬеrs
Ьу USing appropriate langua9e.
-
Listen а9аiп and underline the Useful Expressions
that you hear.
Usе|иl {,хрrеss\оч;
Expressing certainty
Without а doubt,ld 5ау that ...
|'m certain/positive that ..,
{]i@Ц
There'S no doubt in my mind that...
Expre55in9 uncertainty
ltЗ hard to 5ау, but...
|'m not 5чrе.
Discuss these questions with а раЁпеr.
l 5Uppose (that) ...
. How impoгtant is it to hаче ambitions?
]t'5 possible that..., but,.. . How are the ambitions of чеrу young реорlе
different from those of older people?
о How do you measure how successful sоmеопе is?
. Does success always bring happiness?
бз
Prepositions Collocations & Expressions
А Соmрlеtё the text with these words. Some В lп the fo|lowing exercise, two of the options given are
of them сап Ье used mоrе than опсе. used with еасh verb to make а collocation. Fоr еасh
а5 ai frоm in of on to
question, cross out the option that саппоt Ье used witl-
the чеrь in bold.
Тý,зе F*сеЬесэig рlхеý,tф!fi gfi Фýп 1 9о: into partnership / а рау rise / bankrupt
IМапу реорlе want to Ье riсh and successful, but 2 do: а Joss / business / my best
not mапу of thеm mапа9е to achieve it, et аlопе 3 make: progress / а profit / the message
before their thirtieth Ьirthdау| However, l\,4ark 4 take: in mind / chances / my рlасе
ZuсkеrЬеrg is опе of these people,
Маrk ZuсkеrЬегg is one of the fоuпdеrs of С Complete the sentences with collocations from В.
FасеЬооk, the most рорчlаr social networking site 'l lf we don't make Sоrпе mопеу Sооп, the business will qo
(1) the p]anet. With close to 500 million b,efore long-
users, the site hе staгted while studying (2)
2 Our соmрапу is not losing mопеу, but we're not making
Harvard University has made him the З5th richest
man (З) the world today.
З you want to Ье successful, you have to take
lf
The idea fоr FасеЬооk was quite simple. Мапу from time to time.
colieges and schools in the USA traditionally Му dad апd my uпсlе wanted to wоrk together, so thеу
publish а book every year whiсh includes pictures Went last уеаr.
of the students, tеасhеrs and оthеr staff, This book lam not going to do With Rоgеr agai.
is known (4) the'FасеЬооk'. Zuckerberg апd after hе tried to cheat me.
his classmates computerised this and the system |'m doing to find а job, but so fаr
eventually spread (5)
I
65
Presenting arguments in formal essays
When уоu write formai essays of opinion, you should
try to ехрrеss уоUr ideas in а пеutrа апd objective way.
Although you сап drаw оп реrsопаl ехрегiепсе, try to
avoid exa99erating, over-9eneralising and bein9 too
emotiona as уоur arguments wil] Ье less believable, Yоu
should also trу to avoid colloquial expressions and phrasal
verbs, as we la5 contractionS.
66
l
- эоk again!
Э Read thе model essay again and tick the things the writer has done.
1 focused оп rich people t]
2 answered both questions in the task П
3 provided counterarguments in раrа9rарhs 2 and З П
4 failed to rеасh а conclusion П
j Write the correct paragraph пцmЬеr from thе model essay next to these descriptions.
а Апswеr the first question and discuss the issue. п
Ь Sum up and state уоur opinion.
,._]
cess?
Read the newspaper extract and writing task below and make а paragraph plan for your
эssау. Remember to рrеsепt your argument in а neutral апd objective way.
rh ile
ls. (1)
d in
-
пе, (2) Uэе|ul {yрrеss\оцs
vealth,
eve the
ugh our
rеасh а tar9et
make progress
lften used set а goal/target
live up to опеЪ expectation5
thiS,5ome
ье ambitiou5
I lеаrпt
ье determined to
do not ье motivated
Ье per5iStent in
overcome difficulties
эs {or
67
Before you watch
А circle the correct words.
1 Arnesen and Bancroft completed their crossing / passage of Antarctica оп skis in 2О01.
2 The two explorers trained hard Ьеfоrе / рriоr to the beginning oftheir adventure.
3 Their training schedule was extremely severe / demanding.
4 The lnternet епаыеd / was atrle the two women to share their adventures with the world.
5 Тhrоugh tough challenges you lеаrп to uпdеrgо / очеrсоmе рrоЬlеms and find suрроrt.
i
68
:
)m
"l
Rааd\лq
А Look at the hieroglyphs below and translate this message into English.
bj*trи \--=Е. ý q
eb*ii
The message:
Е Е Еl Е
ýQfi
гЁl
]i(
* ql{b_fi
1'
\J,ф
\€oёffi \ъ \\
Дý "**длл. -D-
trк Е] м N ю-пW
Пл*Ft е\--q
Еtr ЕtrЕ м
iq
Е
а & ЁIQж\_=-
в Do you аgrее with the message?
rusjng
_ :linoJJy died foJJowing оп
::::оп coused Ьу the leg
KV2l wos ртоЬоЬlу hls wlfe
Ankhesenomun, whi]e the two
5 Your is the shape апd size of
hod ' your body.
_*- discoveTed in 2005? bobieS found in Tut's tomb weTe
$ such pTobobJy cbildren of thеirs.
jm.
'- -_-эr oлoJysis led to опоthет Fчrthетmотё, they WeTe оЬ]е
: ].:bi]jty. Scjentists knew of
to identify his gTondpoTents,
sts - , ]:эпеt]с pTob]ems thot Tut Amenhotep lll ond the beoutjfu]
еоry:
,hi
,-:-эd hоm: the foot condition queen Tiye, опd even his gтeot-
- : зrоthет possib]e рrоЬJеm grondporents, Yuyo опd Tuyo. Who did these things? Match the achievements
S
-- :re Toof о{ his moutb. This to the паmеs.
]qlritjes,
: ,] ihe theoTy thot Tut mсrу Todcy we know much mоте
)ut. This
е to Tut'S
,
: Ьееп born with otheT moTe
-=
obout thё boy-kjng thon eveт 1 Не discovered the wreck ofthe П
Titanic.
wos being
:.-:,:s genetic pTobJems thot
:.
befole. We know who his fomily
weTe, опd thqt he suffeTed fTom
2 Не deciphered Egyptian hieroglyphics.!
,woss'
:, : ::moteJy hove contTibuted
. = ceoth, heoJth ртоЫеms thot wou]d hqve 3 Не excavated Troy. П
ot Tut
d] With о - :jljtion to couse
Ьееп polnfuJ ond uncomfoTtob]e, 4 Не discovered the planet Uranus. П
Tut'S опе от mоrе of whiсh must hove
е jn good ::эrh, Howoss wos o]so kj]]ed him. But we o]so kлоw
:Ted to Ье :-.Sied jn discoveTjng the fгоrп depictions of the Toyol а неiпriсh schliemann
ýsё. But ::-,::,, of his fomlly mеmЬетs. coupJe found in his tomb thot hjs ь william Herschel
1g mопI ---:..l)ousJy, DNA onolysls оп
]jJe wos not о]] suffeTinq: they с Robert Ballard
. :-:] mummjes епоЬ]еd the оте shown hФppiry jn ]ove. With
'-:-jsis to fj]l in mопу поmеS d Jean-Francois Champollion
owoSý the jnvestigotions jnto the ]ives
.. Jomj]y tтee, bTinging of Tut ond his fofii]y, os Howoss
1у jп
.-:t infoTmotion 1ost fог scys, the TeseoTcheтs 'seek to Yочr teacher will tell you the answers.
-.veoled : _.эпds of yeoTs. They hопочт them ond keep theiT
with о , эl thot о mummy cq]]ed Which о{ these achievements do you think is the
lсrt mоdё mеmоrjёs o]ive',
most amazing? Discuss with your partner.
71
А Replace the words in bold with these words.
battLe frее рареr ten уеаrS the past
] lt took mоrе thап а decade for the gочеrпmепt to pass tbe law on hчmап rights.
2 The old document was tогп and stained, but luckily you could still rеаd it.
З After many months of {ighting, the soJdiers managed to liberate the village,
4 Му histol-y tеасhеr says that аrоuпd ten thousand реорlе died during the fight оп D-Day during wогld wаr ll.
5 Тhе city was wel] known in ancient times for its mапу temples and monuments.
D Do you agree with these statements? Compare your answers with а partner's,
. Ву studying historical events, we сап lеаrп from the mistakes made in the past,
.'
Almost еvеrу 5ubject and field of study, like аrts, food, ро itics and religion, i5 inked to various а9е5 of history.
Some countries describe thеiг history in а Subjective Way,
72
Past Perfect Simple & Past Perfect Сопtiпчочs
А Past perfect tenýes are used for actions that happened before another action iп the past or before а
сеrtаiп time iп the past. Look at the sentences апd underline the past perfect tenses. Then answer the
questions beloW.
а We had already discussed the Seven Wonders of the World before we wеrе asked to write about them.
Ь Howard Саrtеr had been searching for the tomb о{ Tutankhamun for years when he found ir iп 1922.
1 Which sentence shows us that ап action which Ьеgап Ьеfоrе another action in the past continued оr hаррепеd
repeatedly up to that time? !
2 Which past perfect tense is used to show this?
] complete the sentences with the past perfect simple or the past perfect continuous of the verbs in brackets.
1 After the historian (рчЫish) his third book on апсiепt antiquities, hе won а
writing award.
2 Тhе scientist (not identify) the cause of death of the man before the DNA
results саmе in.
З The archaeologists (рrераrе) for the excavation for months before they
wеrе ready to blegin.
4 (they / discover) the lceman Ьу 'l995?
5 l\4y uncle (work) at а museum for twenty years when he rеtiгеd in 2005.
6 They looking at thе evidence when the case was cancelled,
(,iust 5tагt)
7 (you / analyse) the documents fоr long when you realised they weren't
authentic?
3 Му mum (study) ancient Greek, so she was аЫе to read the inscriptions оп
the statues whеп she saw them.
1 complete the text With the Past Perfect Simple or the Past Perfect continuous of these verbs.
bury саrry out excavate see Spend
тhё entrance to ап ancient
Greek Масеdопiап royal tomb
Manolis Andronikos
'.1anolis Апdrопikоs, the well-known archaeologist, was Ьоrп in 19'] 9 in Bursa,
-_rrkеу, and later he апd his family moved to Thessaloniki, Grеесе. Before hе
эесаmе interested in аrсhаеоlоgу, he (1) time
s:.ldying philosophy.
2
з
4
5
6
7
8
3а in Britain Part
1а
l
ь iп Rome а visitor
с in Egypt
Ь thе museum mапа9еr
с an archaeologist
4а to scare them
ь to steal mопеу from them 2а 4зАD
с to help them to leave ь 200 AD
с 410 AD
5а smoke from а volcano
ь rocks and stones fоr опе уеаr
с boiling hоt liquid ь fоr one mопth
с fог опе week
а Why ,,.?
Ь What ,..? Part ll
с Where ,..?
4 а ltaly
Ь Britain
d Whеп...? t] с Romania
е Whо ..,? п 5 а They were taken Ьу surprise.
Ь They were аЫе to escape.
с They didn't think there was апу danger.
6 а
Llоsо-Uр Ь
fоr аlэочt 79 уеаrs
fог about 1,599 уеаrs
Тhе question5 for each section ofthe с fог аlэоut 1,500 уеаrs
recording are separated Ьу lines, so
опlу look at tho5e qUestion5 а5 уоU
Part lll
listen to each section.
7 а the reai objects from Pompeii t
Ь the photographs of the site
с the models and street scene5
8 а to go to the theatre
Ь to have holidays
с to go shopping
74
t
,Ре аklчlц
: Work with а partner and answer these questions.
Do you study history at school?
What historical events оr periods have you lеаrпt about?
Do you рrеfег history to subjects like maths and English?
Why?/Why not?
What do уоU think i5 the most important event in the
history of уоUr country?
Иэе|ul {,урrоss\оцs
Expressing an opinion
We!l, in my opinion ...
lt seems to me that ...
Реr5опаllу speaking, l think/prefer ...
l feel Strongly that ...
А5 l See it, ...
;:uss these questions with а раrtпёr.
l certainly don't think that ...
,',ly do people like history?
,',,lat peгiods of history would you like to go back апd iive in?
- э you think schools should teach history? Why?/Why not?
-эп you паmе апу films that have Ьееп set iп the past? Do you like this kind ot film?
,] l_,. l,,,',. ,
эrопочпý
В Match the sentences with the kind of pronoun they contain.
а That history book is miпе. 1 lndefinite рrопочп п
Ь Everybody wanted to go оп the guided tour of Pompeii. 2 Possessive pronoun п
эw the с Не taught himself to read hieroglyphics. 3 Reflexive рrопочп п
lried iп Зomplete the rules.
tion site. ,э use рrопочпs to show who or what something belongs to. We use
_ skills, pronouns when the subject and the object of the чеrЬ аrе the same. We use
pronouns to rеfеr to people оr things Without Saying exactly who or what they are.
the
rst опе5.
Зе care{ul!
-еrе are some чегЬs that аrе often used with а reflexive pronoun. Some of these аrе: amuse, Ьlаmе, cut, епjоу, express,
- о, hurt, introduce, prepare,
=
ing
Э
ead 6.З-6,6 of the Grаmmаr Rеlеrепсе оп ра9е5 168-169 belore you do tf,e tasks,
Weren't
] complete the sentences with а question tag.
lf
1 Dad finds watching history documentaries interesting,
2 This investigation Was а success, ?
з The guided tour won't Ье held tоmоггоw,
your 4 You'Ve viSited Stonehenge,
|'m in trочЫе.
аrеlу 6 Susan and Jоhп were 9oin9 to visit the ArchaeoIo9ical Museum,
7 Тhе rescuers haven't managed to find the skier,
r9 8 Everybody enjoyed visiting the catacombs.
9 Let'S continue investigating the Site iп the аftеrпооп,
lt you
,0 Don't forget about the history test,
А choose the correct апswеrs. в Read this extract from а letter уоч
recently roceived from your aunt.
1 Tnis book is mysterious, Underline the key words and phrases in
а utterly Ь епtirеlу с rather
the task. What mцst you write about?
2 lt's absolutely that the detective Was sacked. What do you think the tone of the letter
а аиrful Ь bad с disappointing shочld Ье?
Очr history test Was impossible.
а very Ь totally с а bit Y^,,. mum tells me you're
in third Уеаr
no*, Has anythin9 excltlng
These obl'ects аrе old.
а utterly Ь really с totally
"i].hool
i"rо"Йj ..'i"" l{ so, wriie and Lell me
about it.
These antiques are exceptional.
а quite -Ь а bit с slightly
wrttе а lelter to your аuпt answering hеr
question, (1 20-'1 80 words)
How are уоu? l ve got sоmе (1) lttter],v / reallr amazing news foT yotr. Today has been а (2) completely / pгetty exciting
day, We opened а time capsule at schooll
When oul histoIy teacheT asked us to dig up the yaTd, we were all (3) stightly / absoltrte11, confused. But soon the capsule
was uncovered. It hаd Ьееп buried а huпdrеd years Ьеfоге Ьу school stlrdents. It was dirty оп the outside аftеr al1 those
yeals in the ground, but the contents WeIe (4) quite / а littlc fascinating.
l was опе of the (5) absolLrtely / really lucky ones wbo орепеd the capsule. lt contained а (6) rathel / coll1pleteiy strange
school uniform, which the students would wear every day. Тhеrе wеrе some old books and tiny ЫасkЬоаrds whiсh thе
stuaents wrote оп because they didnt have notebooks then. What made the biggest impIession оп mе, though, was а
long Stick. oul teacher told us it was used to punish naughty studentý, Тhаt muýt hаче Ьееп (7) чеrч / ;rbsolutcly awful
Гоr the poor ýtudents!
дп}.wау, it was intelesting to see what life was like in the past. Мауье our class should mаkе а capsule like that.
Наппаh
78
-ook again !
i complete the рlап for the model letter with these phrases.
contents of the са psute somethin g for the futu ге the background to Why you аrе Writing
: Look at the Useful Expressions and match the beginnings and endings.
1 What really interested П а l opened чр the tгеаsurе chest.
2 Тhе highlight so fаr П Ь visiting the Rоuпd ТаЫе was.
J
З Let mе tell you about ] с totally increditrle.
4 l соuldп't brelieve my eyes when l d me was the documentary about Joan of Аrс.
tses in 5 You сап imagine bow thrilling [] е the time capsule we're рrераriпg at school.
out? 6 lfound thetwo sisters'story L] f hаs Ьееп interviewing survivors ofthe wаr.
э letter
Э ver to you !
)аr З Read the writing task below and make а раrаgrарh plan for
Llоsо-Ир
i
strle
se
Usе|ul {xpress\oyl;
lge Relating exciting news
1е Let me tell you about ...
l |'че got some really amazing/exciting news for you.
ul The moSt interestin9 part/highlight so far has Ьееп ..,
What really interested/made an impression оп me wa5 ,,.
l found .,. totally Unbelievable/incredible.
YoU сап ima9ine hoW thrilling/fascinating it WaS/has Ьееп.
Yоu should have seen his/her face whеп ...
lcouldn't believe my eyes whеп ...
l hadn't realised .., could Ье so interesting.
Before you watch
А How much do you know about the Great Pyramid of Giza and the surrounding
area? Look at the statements below and write Т for true or F for false.
1 The Great Pyramid of Giza is also known as the Pyramid of Cheops. п
2 The Great Pyramid was the tal]est mап-mаdе structure in the world for over З,8О0 уеаrs. п
З Giza is the second largest city in Egypt. п
4 The Great Pyramid consists of about 5 million limestone Ыосks. п
5 Тhе famous valley where most о{ the Egyptian pyramids аrе found is called the 'Valley of the Queens'. п
6 Whеп they were first built, the pyramids at Giza were white. п ]t,
tэýч,d.
Units 5 & 6
,'ооаVиlаrц
А circle the correct words-
2Э06, Debbie suffered from а chest (З) infection / depiction which caused another more serious condition
,::эчsе of а virus. Doctors were {orced to remove most of hеr right leg to save hеr life. Despite this, Debtrie
;'-sed to (4) set the worLd оп {ire / throw in the towel. She had always been а keen runne1 and she decided
' :: she was going to ruп again. An (5) authentic / artificial leg was made for her, and Debbie spent а lопg
-э patiently practising until she could walk, and thеп гuп, оп her new leg, Today, she is not опlу back at
:-<, but she also ruпs rеgulаrlу and ечеп takes рагt iп ruппiпg competitioл5. Неr (6) {аilurе / accomplishment
1- nspiration to all who know her,
9 The З.2 million-year-old Austraiopithecus ske eton found iп Ethiopia is known Lucy,
10 ldream becoming an archaeologist.
,1 yоu can lеагп а lot
реорlе like Mark Zuckerberg.
,2 lfeel Iike thе luckiest mап the planet.
Тhе words in bold аrе thе wrong part of speech. Correct them.
,hе
] We haven't got conclusion evidence for the existence of Atlantis.
2 Can you proof уочr iппосепсе?
3 Most реорlе get а lot of satisfy out о{ achieving goals.
4 lVany,jobs аrе quite repetition, unfortunately,
5 Whу don't you analysis the situation before you give up?
6 Do you have а theoretical about the finds?
,е done?
?
Units 5 & 6
В Tick the sentences which are correct and correct the wrong опе5 in your notebook.
1 ago. П
Yоu сап have sееп Einstein last уеаr. Не died уеаrs
2 Yоu could have dопе well if you'd tried. t]
3 Не may arгived yesterday evening. l don't know. t]
4 Shоuld l have listen to what the teacher said? t]
5 l would have helped you study, but you didn't ask me. J
6 You mustn't have hеаrd the explosion, lt was so loud! a
D Match.
] The boss печеr books flights for п а yours?
2 Тhеу агеп't enjoying п Ь his.
а2
\
Reading: article, multiple mаtсhiпg
VосаЬчlаrу: паtчrаI disaster-related words, collocations & expressions, prepositions
Grаmmаr: gerunds & infinitives, make & let, соmраrisоп of adiectives & adverbs, too,
епоugh, 5о & such
Listening: note-taking
Speaking: talking about the паtчrаl world, comparing photographs, asking for clarification
Writing: stоrи sеqчепсiпg events
А which of the {ollowing natural disasters оссчr in
your country? Can you describe what happens?
wi dfires
floods ,
classify: to divide things into grоцрs
tornadoes оссогdiпg to their tyPe
volcanic егuрtiопs deroil: to make а train соmе off the
rаilwау tracks
mоltеп: describes rосk thqt hо5 melted
Ьесаusе of gгеqt heot
В Read thе text quickly. Which paragraph gives pyroclastic: mоltеп rock frаgmепts апd
information about а record? gases that mоче rapidly down the side'
of а volcano
i! Floming twisters
As if tогпоdоеs оrеп't dongerous enough, one kind
]s mode of fire! Wlldfires оrе So роWегfUl thot
thеч соп creote theiI own Weother. As these fires
Ьurп, thеч сопSurпе huge quontities of охч9еп. The
intense heot couses the оir to rjsе, when fresh оiг
гUshеs in to repioce it, Stгопg Winds оrе ргоduсеd
Somet mes thiS mol<es the fire spin lil<e о tоrпоdо,
These fire whirls, or fire tornodoes, соп Ье l5 m
wide опd gгоw os toll os о 4О Stоrеч building
Тhеq qелеrоllq lost по more thon о few minutes,
but some hove losted oS long oS 20, Тhеq оrе, not
SurpriSinglч, опе ofthe most donqerous поtUгоl
disosters, lп J92З inJopon, ofireWhirl killed
ЗВ,ООО р"6р|е щбо hod gotheteo in о^ оро-
Spoce to escope being injUred in оп eorthquol<e.
З Read thе article again to find the followin9 Llоэо-Uу
information.
Fоr multiple-matchin9 task5, don't
Which раrа9rарh(s) mention
eХpect the questions to use the
:hе destruction of рrореrtу? 1] 2п 5аmе Wording aS the text. Look in
how tall а паturаl disaster сап Ье? з|l the text for Sупопуm5 of key Words
in the question. For ехаmрlе, to
Somethin9 that iS made in cold conditions? 4L] ап5Wеr qUestion 1,1ook for words
а well-known historic event? 5 and phrases in the text that mean the
the пчmЬеr of people who died in а same aS destructioл апd property.
specific event? бп 7_]
а natural disaster that resulted in а Ьizаrrе
эчепt? 8П Get the meaning!
something which happens more frequently D Complete the definitions with these words.
п сеrtаiп seasons? 9п ava[anche blizzaгd flash ftood
э naturaI disaster that doesn't la5t thчпdегstоrm tоrпаdо
чеrу lопg? 10
ratural disasters that сап move heavy
__.]
1 А(п) is а violent storm with
strong winds that move in а сiгсlе.
cbjects? 11п 12п
2 А(п) is а sечеге snow storm
with strопо winds.
3 A(n) is heavy rain
accompanied Ьу thunder and lightnin9.
4 А(п) is а large amount of
water That suddenly сочеrs an аrеа,
- Dodge bolls 5 А(п) is а lаrgе amount о{ ice,
, : Jt l,ООО чеоrS о9о, hundreds of people Were snow and rock falling quickly down the side of
-:teriousltJ l<illed in the HimoloчoS, А recent а mountain.
.:stigotion concluded thot thеч Wеrе cought in о
ll km Stогm опd couldn't ovoid being hit Ьч chunks of ice the
е _i oftennis bolls thot fell on their heods ot mоrе thon
:s Ьg . : <m оп hour, Hoilstorms oS dеоdlч oS thiS оrе rоrе,
, roil
llnd itself is not uпсоmmоп. lt is formed in storms which о{ the natural disasters described iп the
ч .n roindrops ore соrriеd into ехtrеmеLч cold оrеоS of the readin9 text would Ье the most frightening?
)ir oS --эsрhеrе ЬU powerful WindS, The longer the tiпч specl<S
SpeedS :е ЬоUпсе оrоuпd in the Wind, the bigger thеч become, How do реорlе and the government гёsропd to
ver to .n the pieces of ice grоW too big for the Wind to hold natural disasters in your country?
ond : ihеч fqll to the ground oS hoil, Hoil iS most соmmоп
hot'S - ng lote Spring ond еоrlч SUmmer When severe
ve thot -derstorms ore mоrе lil<elg to occur,
эS,
еq do, - Gos ottock!
r ide,
-aп о чоlсопо erupts, о glowing Seo
ove len lovo otIen llowý down ils
in
].S, dеStrочiпg ечегчthiпg in its poth
ing
еп d
:о
. о чоlсqпо соп рrоduсе Somethin9
.1 deodlier: о рgrос ostic flow,
g frogs
_^h iS о cloud of gos ond rock thot
]nt - rеосh temperotures obove 5ОО"С.
: fLow croshes down the side of о
]опо lil<e оп ovolonche, These flows
)пе l<ind . соllч rеосh speeds of mоrе thon
rhot : - kгп оп hour, А рчгосlоstiс flow wi]l
iе fireS ::l< down, destrog, burg оr соrrq
Igen, The ,lg пеоrlg everчthing it meets. lt
resh оir :- destroц buildings, foгests ond
гоdцсеd. 1lond, PeopIe Who оrе cought in
tогпоdо, : poth оrе оЬчiоuSlч оmоп9 the
l l5 m -]гпS too, but еVеп people thot
d ing, : с ose Ьg соп die os the result of
linUtes, :]thing in hot osh ond goses, lt
] оrе, not -] thiS kind of floW thot fоmоUSlч
lotUrol . :rочеd the Rоmоп cities of
<illed ^]peiiond Неrсu lопеUm dUring the
эреп -ct оп of MoUnt Vesuvius пеоrlq
quol<e, ,: thousond чеоrS ogo,
*, .**lrr**,d
! ооаVиlаrц
А Label the pictures with these words.
З HaiI stones аrе you аrе feeling aftershocks, you have just suгvived
lf
а small balls of lava а а hurricane
ь small balls of ice Ь а strong earthquake
D Do you agree with these statements? Compare your answers with а раrtпеrЪ.
. Аll countries where earthquakes often hарреп should make t,uildings resistant to earthquakes.
. Natural disasters can't Ье avoided and there is nothing that реорlе сап do to рrераrе themselves in advance.
86
Gerunds & lnfinitives Gerund or lnfinitive?
А Read the sentences below and decide whether the С Some verbs can Ье followed Ьу а gerund
words in bold are gerunds, bare infinitives or full or ап infinitive with по сhапgе iп meaning.
infinitives. Тhеп, answer the questions below. Other verbs сап also Ье followed Ьу а
gerund or an infinitive, but there is а
Volunteers wеrе vеry happy to сlеап up the beach.
сhапgе in mеапiпg. Read each pair of
Collecting fossils has Ьееп his hоЬЬу for years.
sentences and чпdеrliпе thе infinitives
А hurricane is sometimes strong enough to Ыоw down houses.
and the gerunds. Тhеп, answer the
She must do а seminar оп language teaching.
question below.
The local government raised mопеу to hеlр the environment.
The flood victims described the tornado as being very scary а The wildfire continued to burn fоr days.
Do we use а gerund, а full infinitive or а Ьаrе infinitive
Ь The wildfire continued burning for days.
а Jenny remembered locking the door.
1 after а preposition? Ь Jenny remembered to lockthe dооr.
2 after сеrtаiп ad,jecives? ln which pair of sentences does the
з after а modalverb? meaning change? !
4 after the words too and enough?
5 as the subject of а sentence? Make & Let
6 to show purpose? D Read the se]rtences and underline the
infinitives. ..
We can also use gerunds and infinitives after certain verbs 1 We were made to stay inside all day.
and phrases. Complete these sепtёпсёs with а gerund, 2 Мum made us stay inside аll day.
а fulI in{initive or а bare infinitive. 3 Мчm won't let us go out in the rаiп.
1 we had better (Ье) careful whеп using
this machine. Complete the rules.
2 Му dad suggested (visit) the nature The verb rnake (: force) is followed Ьу а
rеsеrче. infinitive in the acive voice and а _ infinitive iп
lwould rаthеr (go out) than stay in the passive voice. The чеrЬ Ie1(: 6//9ц7) is опlу used
tonight. iп the active voice. lt is followed Ьу а _ infinitive.
We аrrапgеd (climb) to the top of
Read 7 .1 -7 .5 of the Gramrnar Rеfеrелсе оп pages
Мочпt Olympus. 169-17О before уоч do the ta5k5.
ltъ not worth (explore) that cave. ltЪ
too risky.
Е complete thе sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1 You can't hеlр (worry) about the environment these days.
2 You risk (get) wet if you don't tаkё ап umbrella with you.
з тhе residents were made (leave) the town after the earthquake.
4 Не denied (Ье) scared of thunder and lightning.
5 lt's too warm (SnoW) today.
6 Тhе rescue team had to stop (rest) after working for so mапу hours.
В ( '" Listen to thеýё numbers and write down what you hear using numerals.
1
2
з Llоэо-Uр
4 lп some tasks where
5 you have to complete
notes, the ап5WеrS
that you hear will Ье
С Look at the sentences in D and answer the questions below. in the correct form
D (Vou will hear Part of а television documentary. Fоr questions 1-9, complete the sentences.
1 The ЬаЬу mammoth lived yearS а9о.
2 The design of their bodies meant that mammoths were аьlе to live in conditians о{
3 LучЬаЪ body was comp{etely because iL had оееп preserved in {rоzеп mud.
4 The condition of LучЬаЪ body shows that she had Ьееп very
5 Scientists know from examining hеr tusks that shе was опlу old.
6 Mammoths lived оп еаrth for almost З_5
7 опе of the thеоriеs for the disappearance of the mammoth is а sudden сhапgе in the eafth's
8 Some mammoths' bodies have shоwл that they had been hunted Ьу
9 Lyubra's body has given scientists а better understanding of how mammoths
i
Е
реаИцq Llоsо-Ир
Work with а partner and answer these questions.
lf уоч don't understand
. what comes to mind whеп you hear the term 'the natural world'? something your partner
. How often do you stop to take in the natural world around you? Says, ask them to repeat or
. Аге humans considerate towards other species that shаrе thе same rерhrаSе What they Said.
паturаl world with them? Why?/Why not?
еЁ
]te
е
]
пSе, ]
eed
eS,
] work with а partner and answer thе questions аьочt the photographs. опе of you should Ье student А
.
апd the other should Ье Student В. Remember to use the Useful Expressions.
student А: Соmраге photos 1 and 2 and say how humans аrе affecting оuг natural world.
Student В: Which о{ these situations do you think hasthe worst effect оп the паtчrаl world? Why?
lсhеs
ass,
le
lseum.
Student В: Соmраrе photos З апd 4 and say which animals you think live in а better way.
Student А: Do you think zoos аrе а good idea? Why?/Why not?
, *. .,l
Vод-;яИиааru\
Collocations & Expressions
А Match the expressions in bold with their meanings a-f.
1 l knew we wеrе in deep water when l saw the bear ruппiпg towards us! Г а Ье чпrеаlistiс
2 The hospitals were snowed underwith casualties after the avalanche. f Ь tre very fast
З The пursе was а ray of sunshine. 5hе used to make mе laugh ечеrу day. I с t,е very busy
4 The police were as quick as lightning. Тhеу came as soon as we called them. ] d Ь,е сhееrful and make otbe-
5 Katy has her head in the clouds - she thinks thе riчеr will печег flood again. ] е Ье sensitrle
6 Everyone loves Реппу because she is down to earth, friendly and helpful. ] f Ье in trоuые
Prepositions
в circle thе correct words.
Supervolcano
supervolcanoes аrе probably the most destructive fоrсе (1) on / in the planet. There аrеп't many of them, but i{ опе
erupts it would almost сеrtаiпlу threaten the 5urvival (2) of / Ьу thе hчmап rасе.
Тhе lагgеst supervolcano eruption happened about 74,00О years а9о in Lake ТоЬа, Sumatra. The eruption was so
huge that the ground was covered (3) within / with З5 cm of ash as fаr as 2,5О0 km away frоm the volcano. Тhе
Ыаst also hаd а huge effect on global temperatures Which dropped (4) under / Ьу around 5'С. This drop (5) in / at
tеmреrаturе Was devastating апd scientiStS hаче discovered that it caused the summers in Europe to Ье freezing
cold and also had а catastrophic effect on animals and plant life.
Supervolcanoes differ (6) than / from поrmаl ones in mапу ways, А поrmаl volcano is cone-shaped and when
it erupts the lava bursts (7) out / up of the top and flows (8) thrоugh / down the sides. Оп the other hand,
supervolcanoes form uпdег9гоuпd. Ма9mа slowly rises from а hotspot deep down in the еаrth, until eventually
huпdrеds of thousands of years later ап епоrmоus blast оссurs.
One of the largest supervolcanoeS that eXiStS today is in Yellowstone National Park, USД. Whеп Scientists
were doing rеsеаrсh (9) оп / {or the volcano they wеrе rеаllу surprised (10) Ьу / off what they found. Basically,
the whole of the park had а massive рооl of magma uпdегпеаth it, measuring 7О km across Ьу ЗО km wide]
l\rloreover, thеу discovered evidence to suggest that the Yellowstone supervolcano erupts every бО0,00О years,
Unfortunately, its last еrUрtiоп was well очег 600,000 years а9о, so it Seems that the clock is ticking!
_.-ёi.l.:
-r _.--j -
:':, ' -#
l
Comparison of adjectives & adverbs Тоо, Enough, So & Sчсh
А Look at these sentences and answer the questions below. с Look at the words in bold in the sentences
and answer the questions below.
а The wоrldЪ largest чоlсапо is situated iп Hawaii.
ь А tsunami isaworsenatural disaster than а flood. а ltЪ raining too hard for uS to go out.
с Earthquakes hарреп the most frequently in the Pacific Ring Ь ShеЪ experienced enough to get the job.
of Firе. 1 which word is used to show that
d Тhе wildfire spread faster thап we had predicted. something is more than we want or need?
е others
1 Which sentences contain the comparative fоrm? ! and !
2 Whiсh sentences contain the superlative fоrm? ! and ! which word is used to show that
something is as much as we want оr need?
а lV]eanwhile, .,.
Ь JuSt then, ...
с lп the Ьеgiппiпg, ...
d lп the end, ...
е After а while, ...
В Read the writing task below and then tick thе things you have to do.
wrjte а story that begins with these words: Не соuldп't wait to get off the boat.
1 Write а story about а Ьоу оr а mап П
2 describe the boat iп detail J
З паrrаtе an event the hеrо was not looking forward to at all П
4 use the words giчеп exactly as they арреаr П
С Read the model story and circle the correct words.
Не couldn't Wait to get off the boat. ,After several hours'journey and а lifetime of waiting, hе was
almost there. (1) At first, / lVeanwhile, Simon hadn't been аЫе to make out exactly what was ahead,
but as thе boat got пеаrеr, he realised it was the volcano he was looking at.
(2) Two months / Теп minutes later, the boat docked at а small hаrЬоur and he Went ashore. Не
stood still fоr а moment and looked around him, enjoying the strange atmosphere. Тhеп, hе walked
fоrwаrds. growing mоrе and more excited.
(З) Then one day, / Before lопg, he found а path and strolled up it. Тhе volcano's landscape fascinated
him as he got closer to its peak. There was а15о hot steam pouring from little cracks iп the lava.
(4) Just thеп, / ln the end, Simon glanced up. Steam was rising up in front of him. Не had reached
the crater. Twisting rоuпd for his camera, Ье caught а glimpse of the sun, lt was setting behind the
cliffs in the distance.
(5)At last, / After а while, he had sееп the famous volcano, Не also got the сhапсе to see the most
beautiful sunset he had ever seen - and all this on the same day!
92
_ эоk again !
Complete the definitions with а word or phrase from the Useful Expressions. Sometimes
more than опе answer is роssiЫе.
1 lf you at something. уоu look at it intensely fоr а long time.
2 l{ you сап Something you manage to See it.
З Yоu if you walk with difficulty because of iп,jчrу.
4 You sоmеопеЪ if you attract his or hеr attention.
5 lf you you walk slowly in а relaxed way.
6 lf you somebody, his оr hеr face is familiar to you.
Эчеr to you !
З Read the writing task below and make а раrаgrарh рlап for
уочr story. Remember to use phrases to show the order of
the events, so the rеаdеr сап follow your story clearly. Uэе|иl <хрrе5s]'оч|5
Write а story that begins with these words; Тhеу all{elt as if they Ways of seeing/looking at something
catch а glimpse of make очt
were standing оп top of the world ('120-1В0 words)
catch sоmеопеЗ еуе notice
9aze at observe
glапсе at recognise
glаrе at Stare at
Ways of walking
creep skip
limp stroll
mаrсh wander
Before you watch
А Match thе words to thе meanings.
1 barometric pressure П а person whose job it is to study the wеаthеr
2 data П Ь predict ап event before it happens
3 forecast П с the force of the air аrочпd the Еаrth
4 humidity П d а flat area of Iand with few trees on it
5 meteoгologist П е the amount of water in the air
6 mission П f in[ormation collected {or analysis
7 velocity П g important task оr job
8 plain П h wind speed
Some of the photographs that he produces аrе taken from а саr travelling
between 100 and 1 30 kms, just ahead of the storm. Things can change very
(3) whеп you're chasing а storm!
Peter also Wants to (4) to make visual records of storms
using а piece of equipment called а photographic рrоЬе. Recently, Peter
was with а storm-chasing team led Ьу Tim Samaras. Тhеу placed their
probes in the path of the (5) tornado. тhе Weather рrоЬе performed as it Was supposed to.
but, unfortunately, the рhоtоgrарhiс рrоье caught images only of the edge of the storm, поt the сепtrе. дt least
it WaS still (6) after the storm hаd passed, which was amazingl Althou9h it was disappointin9
that it hadn't Worked as expected, Peter explains that the closer he gets to hiS 9оаl, the mоrе interesting it iS for
him. Не seems to have faith that they will get the good (7) they Want the next Lime around, оr
mауЬе the time after that. He's (8) to get the results he and the scientists need.
' How would you feel if someone told you that you had to take over РеtеrЪ job? What would you telt him/her?
'whatkindsofextremeweatherdoyouhaveinyourсочпtrу?Начеyouечеrexperienceditfirst-hand?
. Would уоu Ье рrераrеd to work in extreme weather situations? Why?,lVhy not?
94
Reading; advertisements,multipIe-choicequestions
VосаЬцlаrу: media-related words, phrasaI чеrЬs, word formation
G!,аmmаr: passive voice: tenses, gerunds, infinitives & modal verbs, impersonal &
personal structures
Listening: multipIe-choicequestions(pictures)
Speaking: talking about the media, decision making, showing that уоч are listening
Writing: essay, editing уочr work
эwаrd
арhеr
van in
l, USA
Роаd\лq
А Look at the different types of media below.
Write Р for those that аrе print media, Е for
electronic media and В for Ьоth.
1 Ыоg t] 4 e-book
2 magazine п 5 message Ьоаrd a
3 newspaper п 6 Web site п
В Do you read апу of the above? Which ones?
PLUS!
5imple Science ехреrimепts
)' humour and rhymes
) focus оп different cultures
Read Nаtlола/ Geographic Little Kidswith уоur child
and provide the most importanl gitL you сап give:
time With уоU!
Е
N atioп al Geog rарhiс Explore r
96
Your family is interested in subscribing to а magazine.
You have found the following adveЁisements for
Llоэо-Uр
magazines. Read the questions, and then look at thе When you are answering а question Where
there are two or more answers for еасh
adveЁisements for thе answers.
option, уоu сап lookfirst atthe texts that
1 Which magazine is ideal for your fоur-уеаr-оld sister? occur most often as answer choices. lf
а] сЗ you сап exclude these а5 options, уоu сап
ь2 d4 automatically exclude any anSwers that
include them. For example, in question 2,
2 Which magazines аrе рчЫishеd in mоrе than опе уоч сап first look at text number 1 Which
langua9e? occurs in а, Ь and с. lf this teХt i5 not about
а '],2and4 с '1,Запd4 а magazine that i5 publi5hed in more than
Ь 1,4and5 d 2,4and5 опе langua9e, the answer уоч are looking
for must Ьё d_
З Which magazine was first published more thап а
hundred years а9о?
а 1 с3 Your dad teaches science at рrimаry school. Which
ь2 d 4 magazine would Ье good fоr his classes?
с4
4 Which magazine has articles about sроrt? ьз d5
а с з
6
1
",]agazine, iпsрiгеS
,eaders to trачеl Ьу 2 Giving the news using mainly photographs is kпоwп
эоkiпg at the world
:,,]rочgh Stunning З The of а magazine or
эhоtоgrарhу. newspaper is all the topics that are included in it.
]s
)оm . There аrе 8 issues 4 An extra раrt of а magazine that is produced
lat separately is called а(п)
реr year,
!dieS . li iS published iп 12 The пumЬеr of реорlе who regularly buy а magazine
пg
languages in 21 countries. is known as the
D Do you agree with these statements? Discuss your answers with а раrtпеrЪ.
. Опе picture speaks а thousand words.
. Watching TV is always а waste of time.
. Don't believe everything you геаd.
98
l
Passive Voice: Tenses The Passive Voice: Gerunds, lnfinitives &
А Read the sentences апd notice the changes that
Modal VеrЬs
occur. Then. answer the questions below. В Read the раirs of sentences and notice
Active: The presenter interviewed the actress.
the changes.
Passive: Тhе actress was interviewed Ьу the presenter. Acive: Children love their parents taking them
1 Who is the ob.ject ofthe active sentence?
to the cinema.
Passive: Children love being taken to the cinema
Ьу their parents.
2 Who is the subject iп the passive sentence? Active; When are you supposed to write the соlчmп?
Passive: When is the соlчmп supposed to Ье written?
what is the verb iп the active sentence and which Active: Tom must рау the newspaper subscription,
tense is it iп? Passive: The newspaper subscription must Ье paid
Ьу Tom.
What is the auxiliary verb in the passive sепtепсе
and whiсh tense is it iп? Complete the rules.
We form thе passive of а gerund with
What form о{ the verb interyiew is in the passive + past participle. We fоrm the passive of а full infinitive
sепtепсе? with to + + past participle. We form the
passive of а modal with the modal +
+ past participle.
Complete the rules. -
Read 8.r-8.2 oftfie Grammar Reference оп page 171
We fоrm the passive voice Ьу using the auxiliary
before you do the tasks.
verb in the correct tense and -
the past о{ the main verb. Тhе
of the active sentence becomes the
subject of the Pa55ive sentence.
С Complete the Sentences With the correct form о{ the passive voice and the verbs in brackets.
1 The equipment (test) Ьу the sound епgiпееr now.
2 This photo (take) at the Nature Preserve in Вечеrlу Shores, lndiana.
,t
These days, mапу books (make) with гесусlеd рареr.
4 The article needs (edit) a9ain.
5 тье event must (сочеr) in tomorrow's newspaper.
ь The winner of the gаmе show (9ive)the prize
next Week.
7 Не wanted his photos (exhibit) iп Paris.
8 The economic crisis (feature) оп
the front page of Тhе Times tomorrow.
\:/
Llоsо-Uр
Listen саrеfчlIу becau5e the рiсtUrе5 &
t
Won't always Ье in the оrdеr that уочlý
hеаr them mentioned.
а ь
1
z' 2'
3: з-
5. ,|
DvDý!
>реаk|qq
i Work with а partner and answer these questions.
. HoW often do you watch the news оп TV? HoW imрогtапt is it for уоч to keep up with current events?
. What form(s) of media do you рrеfеr to use to keep up-to-date with news and events?
er yoU . Аrе you interested in the private lives of celeЫities? ls this more important оr interestin9 to уоч than world news?
]е5tiоп . Do you think thеrе аrе апу рrоЬlеms with the way some people who work in the media behave?
ShоWп
3 Look at the features below and decide if they are more likely Llоsо-Uр
to occur оп television, in а пеwsрареr or both. Write Т for
television, N for newspaper and В for both. Whеп уоU?е having а discussion, it *
i5 polite to show the other реr5оп
] advertisement п 6 live music t] lhal you are inl,erested in What he
*
l
2 weather forecast п 7 intervieW п or She i5 Saying. А5 Well as using
ы З letters ра9е п 8 hоrоsсореs п
thе Useful Expressions below, you
сап also make еуе contact With the
4 Sports news L] 9 ТV guide п other person and nod your head
5 world news 10 celeЫity gossip п from time to time] i
- lmagine that your school is going to publish а school newspaper. First, talk together аЬочt the different
topics that could Ье included in the first issue. Then, decide which two topics would Ье thе most
ц interesting for students.
q
f,
'
n
р
Ы,
i---}
ы,*;.fЁ
@@
m]
@ ffi9 UrJ
ED @
fr1@
Discuss these questions with а partner.
l)эе|иl {хрrсssiои3
showinq that you are listening
ок.
Does TV present what is rеаllу important, or what will sell mоrе? Ye5,
Do уоu think that the media cover too muсh t,ad news and not елоugh Ri9ht.
good news? ТhаtЗ an interesting point.
l 5ее What you mеап.
What was the last news story you hеаrd that was good news?
l understand What yoU're saying.
Are thеrе certain things that journalists shouldn't rероrt on? WhуДVhу not? ТhаtЪ exactly What l Was thinking.
Реорlе often say that no news is good пеws. Do you agree?
ri г-"flгgИи[лrц
phrasal verbs
А ln the following exercise, two of the options given are used with each verb to make а phrasal verb.
For each question, сrоss out the option that cannot Ье used with thе чеrЬ in bold.
] tune: in / through / out
2 pick: out / up / for
З ring: in / back / аlопg
4 bring: out / at / round
word formation
С Complete the text with the correct form of the words.
Jоurп*ýýsв-gr
D Read whаt different people say about jobs in the media. Do you agree with
them? Discuss with а partner.
. '1 think being а correspondent would Ье а чеrу exciting and fulfil iп9 job because l'm
10з
W riflи11
Editing your work
Always edit your writing carefully опсе you have finished as
careless errors сап make а bad impression оп the reader.
Whеп you read back through уочr writing, try to find and
correct еrrоrý in word оrdеr (question forms, objecs of
verbs, adverbs. inversions); spelling (homophones like see
апd sea, silent letters, dоuЫе letters апd irregular plurals);
punctuation (apostrophes, speech marks, fuIl stops, question
marks); vocabulary (especially prepositions, collocations and
рhrаsаl verbs); and grаmmаr (tenses, чеrЬ forms, 9erunds
and infinitives, агtiсlеs, conditionals).
А Tick the correct sentences and соrrесt the wrong ones in your notebook.
1 Some celeЫities will stop at nothing to Ье in the рчЫiс еуе. !
2 Have you got а press pass. П
З Тhе rероrtеr Spent all night working оп the Story. П
4 Why does the рrеsепtеr look so seriously? П
5 Twenty people arrested tonight following а street fight. П
6 John is said that he is а success{ul editor
В Read the newspaper extract and writing task below and then answer the questions.
Тhе edr'tor ofThe City Times wants to know whаt readers'
ТНЕ CITY TIMES opinion is of the incident. Shou/d stars hаче the rght to act
Celeb arrested after striking photographer whеп their privacy is invaded, оr do the public have а right tc
It seems soap star Yvette BarkeT cant always see how thеir favour'te stars //'че iп real life? Write а letter to
handle being in the limelight. Ъе celeЫity was the пеwsрареr and Ьеgiп 'Dеаr Editor,'.
arrested outside а supermarket yesterday after
hitting а photographer with а healry bag. Тhе
1 What is the newspaper extract about?
star protested at hеr arrest saying that it was 2 Why has the newspaper еditоr asked for readers' letters?
shocking Йаt photographers could take pictures з what two issues should the letter deal with?
Without permission, 4 will the letter Ье written in an iпfоrmаl or а formal
register? Why?
с kead the model letter and {ind and correct ten errors.
De Editor,
I аm WIiting ln Iesponýe to уоцI leqцest for ]ettels following YYette ВагkеIЪ Iесепt arrested. I woulrl
like to shaTe mу views оп the subject,
Filst ofall, it ls often ýaid that fans are juýtified in want to lФоw what theil fачоцritе celeыities are
like in rеаl life, AfteT all, fans spend а lot of time and mопеу оп them and ensule they stay in а
рuЫiс
еуе. As а result, their is а huge market fol StoIieS Ievealing thе personal lifes ofthe Iilh a;d fаmоцs.
on the other hand, it is undelstandab]e that peTsonalites want their pfivacy. whether stars shоцld
take action аЬоцt inyasions oftheiT privacy is а valid quеýtiоп? НоwЪчец their complains should
Ье made in ап appTopriate way and_hurting anothel peIson is fаr from acceptable, No dоuЫ mапу
реорlе, including fans, will Ье puzzle Ьу ВаrkегЪ actions,
То conclude, it is паtцrаl that fans want to kлоw evel}thing about celebTities. МеmЬеrs ofthe press
must Ieýpect ýtars wishes, though, апd ask peImisýion to take photos, so that unfortunate incidents
сап Ье avoided.
Yours faithfully,
Tony Nugent
104
-ook again !
105
Before you watch
А How mчсh do you know about films? Look at the statements below and write
т for true or F for false.
1 Тhе Academy Awards@, known as the Оsсагs@, have Ьееп presented аппuаllу
since 1 927 Ьу the Academy о{ Motion Рiсturе Arts and Sciences. !
2 Chadie Chaplin was American and hе was Ьоrп iп 1900. !
з Тhе first films with sound were called ta/kies. -
4 Тhе fiгst documentaries wеrе called actua/ity films- П
While you watch
В Watch the DVD and circle thе words you hear.
1 ln the '] 9'ь сепturу, inventors learnt that they could сrеаtе moving images Ьу showing а series / succession of
pictures very quickly.
2 People could рау а bill / fee to iook into the mасhiпе and watch simple movies.
3 crowds of реорlе went to see their productions / films, and new 'movie palaces'were built to show them iп.
4 Atthe Ьеgiппiпg o{the 20'Ь century, film / movie dirесtоrs beganto record rеа happeningsand imрогtапt events
5 Actors, lighting, and ечеп computer simulation / animation аrе now used to teach us about the real wor]d,
The kinetoscope was soon (3) Ьу the film pro,iecto.. Рrо,jесtоrs were
used in the world's first cinemas. The first films wеrе based оп the simple excitement
of (4) movement. The subjects were simple, fог example moving
trains. Ноwечеr, {ilms soon became mоrе (5) and complex. Ву
thе 1920s there were mапу studios producing films, and film 5tаrs, including Charlie
Chaplin and Маry Pickford, became famous (6)
Early films also provided а different kind of service, Ьеуопd simple entertainment.
Documentary film makers made films about thе news, about historical events, about
presidents and explorers. These еаrlу documentaries helped make реорlе
(7) of their world. Тhеу informed them of things hаррепiпg
]
around the (8) lп thе days before television thi5 was very
important and it meant that film was used as а(п) (9) for
ехрlаiпiпg the world. lt offered реорlе а different view of their hоmе planet.
lп опlу а hundred years, film and documentary making have changed dramatically.
We сап опlу (10) to imagine what the future of film
making holds for future generations.
Actors and сrеw shoot
а scene for а film in
I
What do you think has been the most important fi]m
iп history? Why?
106
]
l
Units 7 & 8
Match.
] sоuпd ]
а flash
2 sports ]
Ь scale
З news п с егuрtiоп
4 sales f d епgiпееr
е rап9еr
5 чоlсапiс
f f stone
L
6 flash
7 Richter g line
8 hаi! h соmmепtаrу
9 fault п iflood
j figures
10 forest п
з circIe the correct words.
] Apparent у, itЪ quite calm iп the еуе of / frоm the hurriсапе.
2 Тhе соrrеsропdепt realised hе was at / in deep water when he heard the bomb explode.
З The writer was snowed uпdеr / over with the film adaptation he had to do.
4 She walks агоuпd with her head up / in the clouds and doesn't realise what's happening аrоuпd hег.
5 When is the publisher going to Ыiпg out / оп the new book?
6 Peter is чеrу down to / at earth апd realistic aiэout everythin9.
7 l tuned uпdеr / оut half way thrоugh the conversation because it was so Ьогiпg.
8 We went to pick out / up the сhildrеп frоm school Ьеfоrе the stоrm stагtеd.
З Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in bold.
1 They talked to the and he's аgгееd to host the show. PRESENT
2 Shаl we get а for this weekly newspaper? SUBSCRlBE
з Doctors without Borders is а(п) that hеlрs реорlе in areas where
natu.a1 di5asters have happened. oRGANlsE
4 He's extremely and likes to chase tornados across the сочпtrу. ADVENTURE
An ea,tnquake is опе о[ lhе rгоsт forces of паtчrе, DESTROY
6 How ate hurricanes frоm погmаl thunderstorms? DIFFER
7 waves сап tre extremely powerful. TIDE
1о7
Units7 &
А complete the sentences with the gerund оr the соrrесt form of the infinitive. use the verbs in brackets.
1 ls it worth (talk) to hеr? She is stubborn and won't change hеr mind.
2 Тhе journa ist was made (апswеr) questions about his video Ьу the loca police officer
з we had better (drор in) and see if Grandma is better.
4 John suggested (issue) а bad-weather warning but his colleagues disagreed.
5 Will the рuЫishеr let us (print) the article in the college newspaper?
6 Luckily, Susan rеrпеmЬеrеd (tune iп) and listen to hеr favourite radio programrne,
7 не would like (write) а book about his hometown some day.
Are you tough enough (get) close to the action?
kilatrea vоiсапа
lVany is ands have Ьееп made Ьу volcanoes and (1) the most / the more often they еruрt, the
more the islands grоw in sizel lceland апd Hawaii аrе some examples о{ (2) so / such ап amazing
thing. Тhе islands of Hawaii rose out of the sea as а result of volcanic activity on the ocean {lооr,
The(3)lar9est/ агgеr island - Hawaii consists of five volcan oes, Опе of the чоlсапоеs on the
is]and, Mt Kilauea, is still active and is the (4) mоrе / most active Vоlсапо оп earth. Since ']954
there have Ьееп 34 eruptions, and since January 198З, volcanic activity has Ьееп continUous.
This volcano is (5) so / such easy to rеасh that the HaWaii Volcano Observatory actually Ь,еgап
doing rеsеаrсh right оп the mountain. lt is also safe (6) too / епоugh for v;sitors to climb and
for this reason it is the (7) most / too visited чоlсапо in the world. The summit of the volcano is
high because eruptions hарреп more frequently there than at оthеr locations on the vo]cano.
The future of Ki]auea looks like the past. Тhе mоrе eruptions, the (8) hi9hest / higher the
volcano will go.
с complete the second sentence' so that thеу have а similar meaning to the first sentences.
use thе words in bold.
1 Сhагlеs Richter invented the Richter scale in 19З5.
Ьу
тhе Richter scale in '19З5.
2 co]umnists hate their editors telling them what to write.
told
columnists hate What to Write Ьу their editors.
Whеп is lVark s article supposed to Ье Written?
to
when is lvark his article?
Тhеу should issue а tornado wаrпiп9,
Ье
А tornado warning
Тhеу will have done thе filming Ьу this evening.
will
Тhе filming Ьу this evening.
108
&t
article, missing sentences
Work-related Words, coIlocationS & expressions, PrepositionS
reported speech: statements, questionS, commands and requests, reporting verbs
multiple matching
talking about work, comparing photographs, considering alternatives
rероrt, presenting factцal information
.:
,1
l
i
Роаd\чq
А Describe the folIowing jobs using these adjectives or
any.otheTs you can think of. Would you like to do апу
of the jobs?
Ьоriпg dead-end exciting exhaUSting manuat
rеwаrdiпg stressfut wett-paid
. doctor . office worker
. factory worker о photographer
. journalist . Sales assistant
. nurse . teacher
Michael Yamashita has combined his two passiorrs of photogTaphy So r,\йat iS the SесIеt to Michael's success? I was cuTiou.
and travel for очеr 25 yeaTs as а photogfaPher. foт Nлriorr1 to knor,v what he thought made а good photogTaph.
Ceographic Маgвziпе, In 1999, ап assignment fol а seIies of 'In the case of Nлfiollal GeogTaphic Magп:ilzc,, I like to
aTtic]es on Матсо PoIo took him fтоm Venice thTough ITaq cail thern 'page stoppers', The1, ате picttrres п,ith such
and Afghar-ristan to the iS]ands of Southeast Asia. His otheT gleat visua1 impact that the vieWeI has to StoP tulnin8
assignrnents have included travelling the length of the GTeat Wall the pages. Yоu'rе alTTestcc1 Ьу the h.dпil]& th; t8ht, Й
of ( hina and through lapan, Го Ье а
рrпtе*,iБпаl phologr.rpher
Yamashita says, it's iinPoltant to Ье 'in thе Tight
tоlоur,огthe,ubjecl,al)d)ou\tarl.atit, 4 Fоr
рJасе to gei me, thal i\ ап ideaI piclurc.'
the тight subject at the right time.' 1 'PTofessionai
I asked him which photos frоm his car.eer he was
рhо(оgrарhеr" ; rе paid lo Ьс Illcl r ]' he поtе,,
paTticulaTly fond of. 'one time I WaS in а little village
Michael mауЪе paid to Ье luсkу these days, but he hasTl't spent in Tajikistan, waiting to Shoot somethi1-1g at sunTise foT
the и hole ot bi" саrееr а. а рhоtоgгарhеr, l a*ked hlm hоц lle ап aTticle or,] Матсо Polo,'he said. .I was wancter.ing
had во( inlere,ted in photograplhl in lhе гil,t
Placc, l5рспl about with nobody ar.ound when I saw а kid l,alkiig
four, уеаrs iп Jарап in the eaTly '70s, and tъ,о of those
уеаrs I dоъ,п the Toad, Тhеп, more kids joined him. , 5
was teachlng,'he rcplied. 'Тlrеrе M,as а huge demand in В1 lhеп lhе*uп rrа* ritiпgbehirld mе, lt \л.l5 c\tremel\
]apan
for Englisfu' he says. 'And it was а
8Ieat job. But the Teal reasorr bright, .rnd foctr.ed оп thо,е kids, lr \ ou |оо|. al lhat
l.,v!,as thele \,\,aS to
8et in touch и,ith mу Ioots, GIои,iп8 uP in рiсluгс, thе shadow i5 righl behind lhеm, Гhаt mеап,
the United States n,ith а JaPanese name and face, I печЪr ieally that they cal']'t see mе Ьесацsе I'm irr the glaTe of the
[eIt l00 реrtепt Аmеriсап, 2 5о, аItсг.lUd) in8 11ittогу Sun. So, I got а vely паtulаl рiсtuIе of Lhem preparing
in the States, I decidecl to go tJjарап and have Й ех-реriепсе foT schoo] in incTedible light,'
of living theTe.'
so what drives Michael to achieve excellerrce in his
So did Michael buy his first саmеrа while iп japan?'I did,' fie]d? Не told mе that thele Wasn't much economic
he says. 'Like ечеlу amateul, I bought а саmеrа to basically motivation giчеп the difficulty in selling рiсtцrеs, so I
rесоrd tr hal l и аs .eein8 .rnd doing, to чепd
PiclUret Ьасk to asked him what he thought it took to Ьесоmе а glеаt
family and fTiends. I spent sоmе time leaTning about it, and pho]ographer 'What it takes is basically passion-.
I iu<l got rе.lllч оЬ5ечсеd ьу |hе wholc
рrосе,,, з дt 6l Especlally today, witb competition being rl,,hat
п,) piclures got Ьеllеr. PeoPle told me l,bouId.ho* ihern it is, to Ье а stlccess you really have to eat and drink
to otheI Photographers,' he explained. Eventrrally, hе met photography. It's passion that drives уоu folward,'And
ап agent and decided he Wanted to ]]е а pTofessional, and he if there's one thing that Michael Yamashita certainly
hasn't looked back since. hаs. it's ра*<iоп lor hi. art.
110
grарl,.- J Six sentences have been removed from the text. choose from the Llоsо-Uр
sentences A-G the опе whiсh fits еасh gap (1-6). Tbere is one extra Whеп you have decided
Sentence whiсh you do not need to use. Which misSing Sentence fitS
А Then, уоu'rе like у to rеаd thе captions and Ье drawn into reading the who е story. in а 9ар, read the paragraph
again inclUdjng the miSSing
В BUt sometimes good fortune can play ап important rоlе. 5_ontence to make surе that it
С lfollowed them, and they ended up iп this schoolyard,
D Тhе mоrе l got into photography, the mоrе l loved it.
Е But hе was печеr dгiчеп Ьу material gаiп,
F You have to Ье really obsessed Ьу your сrаft.
G We were the only Asian family iп the town whеrе l lived.
j et the meaning !
: Replace the words and phrases in bold with others from the text that hаче the same meaning.
1 Не had а job photographing the Great Wall of China, (para '1)
aL1l'l o1,1:
Yamashita is particu|arly
fond of this photo
ih of а group of Tajik
,to
schoolchildren preparin9
sLl сh for sсhооl.
i],п itlg
ilt, tbc
Гог
l]1.1ge
lsc'for
-in g
iking
::,emc]r
:hа t
: lhc
..] rir,]g
]iS
lic
.,soI
:са t
q rr,hat
;пl<
.'.,' Anc]
п]r.
п;;
YооаVиlаrц
А circle the correct words.
1 Please welcome оur main spokesman / speaker for tonight's business meeting, Ms Sheila Grant.
2 Тhе general mапаgеr used the ргоmisе of а соmрапу car as а(п) Ьгiье / incentive to his sales team.
3 oh, did ltell you that one of the b,onuses / perks of the job is уоur own parking space?
4 lп most Western countries, wоrkеrs receive а репsiоп / benefit when they геасh а certain age.
5 Graham was retired / fired fоr constantly coming in late.
В Match еасh sentence 1-6 with the sentence that logically follows a_f.
1 l wouldn't advise you to take that high-riskjob. П
2 Before we сал consider you for the job. we'll need two references.
!
з l b,elieve l am а sчitаые candidate for the position.
п
4 Let me introduce you to опе of mу colleagues. !
5 She realiy wants the position.
П
6 Hundreds of workers were made redundant last month. ýо
п
а
Ь
The соmрапу simply had no work fоr them to do.
l have а diploma iп social wоrk as well aS three years' ехреriепсе. *t{ý
с You could Ье seriously injured, and whеrе would that leave your family?
d Каrеп and l have Ьееп working together for years now.
е ltЪ everything she's ечеr wanted in а job: travel, mопеу and glamour
в,
f Реrhарs you could get them frоm your previous employers.
месhапiс wanted
Tom Stephens had опlу Ьееп working at the mine
for four months when the чпiоп told the wоrkеrs
they wеrе going оп (1) indefinitely, Poor
working conditions and very low weekly (2)
wеrе what had led the чпiоп leader to make his
decision. Tom had Ьееп (3) fог пеаrlу а уеаr
before hе got this,job. Now once а9аiп he was in
а ditficult situation as there would Ье по рау uлtil
the strike ended. How would hе sчррогt his wife
and children? Never опе to give up, however, Тоm
1а walk out Ь strike с revolt
2а Wa9eS ь salaries с incomes
Ьеgап sеагсhiпg the рареrЪ employment section
3а uпwоrkаые Ь unemployed с unoccupied
every morning for (4) 4а works Ь spaces с vacancies
while hе came across countless adverts for 5а hеlреr Ь assistant с volunteer
(5) wоrk, it seemed paying jobs were а bit ба employment Ь hiring с work
hаrdег to come Ьу. Тhеп опе day, when he had 7а application ь interview с qUestioning
just about given up hоре, he spotted ап advert in 8а hard workers Ь works с work force
the local рареr for а mechanic, Despite having по
skills iп this profession, Tom went down to the
(6) а9епсу to аррlу for the job. То his suгprise, D Do you agree with these statements? Compare your
he received а call а few days later inviting him answers with а partner's.
for а(п) (7) . Tom and the gага9е owne1 Doug . 'Аll wоrk and по рlау, makes Jack а dull Ьоу.'
Brown, hit it off immediately. After telling Tom that (Anonymous)
there was always room {or (8) in his garage, 'Меп, for the sake of getting а living, forget to live.'
Doug оffеrеd him the job. Tom gladly accepted. (Маrgаrеt Fullеr)
'Nothing will work unless you do.'(Mlaya Angelou)
'Choose а job you love, and you will never have to work
а day in your life,'(Confucius)
112
Reported Speech: Statements
А When we report speech we usually move the tense
back into the past. Complete the tаЫе.
your
Не asked me whу l had left my job. 1 l asked when had he appiied fоr that job.
2 The direcor said that the соmрапу had
Complete the rules. done well this year.
We usually use the verb to rёроrt questions. lf
а question begins with а question word, then we use it iп the
3 Tom told us that his parents had retired
two yearS ago.
rероrtеd question. lf а question doesn't have а question word, we
use _ оr in the rерогtеd question. The 4 We asked John if he will get the job.
wоrd оrdеr changes when we report а question. 5 She said me the wages had Ьееп paid the
work - previous day.
Read 9.1-9,З of thе Grammar Reference оп pages 172-17З before 6 l asked where Jane can Ье.
you do the ta5k5.
- 11з
Lis*c ч\па1
Llоsа-Uу
А choose the correct answers. LiSten out for'red herrings'
thin95 that can mislead yoU
1 lf someone says, 'Му job is not exactly exciting', they mеап it's into thinking something is
а quite Ьоriпg Ь very exciting true Whеп it i5n't, SpeakerS
2 lf sоmеопе says, 'Му job is very rewarding', they mean they . ,
often Say 50mething ne9ati,,:
and 50methin9 positive in
а get satisfaction frоm it Ь аrе well paid the 5ame sentence, so listen
l{ someone says, 'l'm passionate about my work', they mean they carefully fоr the очеrаll
а love theirjob Ь hate thеir.jоЬ meaning ofWhat they 5ау,
lf someone says, 'l only wоrk because it's песеssаrу', they mean they
а choose to wоrk Ь hаче to work
lf someone says, '|'d rather have а dапgеrоus job than а Ьоriпg опе'. they mean they рrеfег
а to take risks Ь to Ье bored
В (' Lirt"n to these speakers and circle а or Ь depending оп which sentences are correct.
1а The speaker еаrпs а iot о{ mопеу.
ь The speaker doesn't еаrп а lot о{ mопеу.
2а The speaker thought the course was useful,
ь The speaker didn't think the соursе was useful.
3а The speaker didn't like his previous collea9ues,
ь The speaker iked his previous colleagues.
4а The speaker was lооkiл9 fоrwаrd to the course.
ь The speaker wasn't looking forward to the course.
5а Тhе speaker thinks she'll find а similar job in the fчtчrе.
ь The speaker doesn't think she'll find а similar job in the future.
6а The speaker learnt а lot
Ь The speaker didn't lеаrп а lot,
С (' YЭu'lt hеаr five people talking about their jobs. Fоr questions ] -5, choose frоm the list Д-F how еасh perso.
feels about their,iob. Use the letters only once. There is опе extra letter which you do not need to цsе.
1 Sреаkег 1 А Regrets саrееr choices made earlier in life
2
|
student А: Соmраrе photos 1 and 2 and say how уоu think the реорlе аrе feeling,
student В: lf you had to choose between working in business оr in the medical field, which
would you rаthеr do? Why?
Student В: Соmраrе photos З and 4 and say how these people's jobrs аrе different.
Student А: lf you had to choose b,etween working in соmрutеr sciences оr in teaching, which
would you rаthеr do? Why?
Usе|цl бхрrсssrоиs
,.,. considering alternatives
on the опе hand, ... .
\t
оп the other hand,... .
Discuss these questions with а partner. Although itЪ true that .,.,
you could also say,,. ,
Would you rаthеr have а job that was dangerous or Ьоriпg?
Some might say ..., but
What аrе some jobs that уоч think would Ье {un? othersthink....
ls ехреriепсе оr education mоrе important when аррlуiпg {оr а new job?
Do you believe that some,jobs аrе suitaЫe опlу for mеп and some опlу for women?
Why? Justi{y your answer with examples and reasons,
115
Collocations & Expressions
А choose the correct answers.
1 lf you work shifts, you work
а part-time
Ь either during the day оr night
2 When а соmрапу lays off workers, it
а makes staff redundant
ь hires more staff
rffing Не told us
2'Don't{orgetto рlасе an adveгtforthejobvacancy" shesaid.
lпу Shе told me
3 'Please Ье оп time for оuг meeting this аftеrпооп,' he said.
эS не asked me
4 'Don't waste time sur{ing the Net during wоrk hours,'the mапа9еr said.
The manager told us
5 'Get in touch with the sales department for in{orrnation,' the shop assistant said.
1005.
The shop aSSistant told me
get 6 'Please make ап appointment with the mапаgеr if you want to see him,' she told mе.
she asked me
d like Change the direct speech into reported speech u5ing these reporting verbs.
эtiоп
advised apologised denied offered reminded suggested
1 'l didn't make а mistake in the rерогt,' the ассоuпtапt said.
-
тhе ассоuпtапt
2 'Remember to lock the door before going home,' he told me.
Не
)аrе 3 'Let'S promote [v]rS Jennings to mапаgеr,' said the director.
тhе director
оrе 4 'Shall lcali the applicant?' the secretary asked.
:
тhе secrёtarv
)r
'l'm so sorry that l'm late for work again|' she said.
She
_,ct 'You should get а rеfеrепсе {rоm your last employe1' she said to hеr Ыоthеr.
She
117
W rrflи11
Presenting factual information
When you wгitе а rероrt, you have to present factual
in{ormation in а clear way with appropriate headings апd а
clearly stated aim. You usually have to discuss your observations
about what has already hаррепеd and make recommendations
for future action. As the report should Ье written in а formal
register, you should try to present уоur ideas as objectively
as роssiЫе without exag9eratin9 оr being too critical or
enthusiastic. You should also avoid реrsопаl, colloquial lапgчаgе
and use lоrmаl StrucLures like thе passive voice.
в Read the writino task below and underline the key words. How mапу things are you asked to do in the
task? What are they?
Yоu hаd а temporary position as а teaching assistant iп а рrimаrу school as part of
уоur college studies. Yоur college
teacher has asked Уоu to writе а rерогt оп уоцr ехреriелсе focuslng ол hea/th aлdsafety mаъrs because а лumьеr с
j
accidents hаррепеd during your time thеrе, Shе has a/so asked you to suggest some so/utions. ('1 20-1 80 words)
С Read the model rероЁ and circle the most aPProPriate words. Тhеп рчt these headings in the correct
р|асе.
lntгoduction Recommendations fоr fчtчге action Gепеrаt organisation Supervision of
Health & Safety at Barnsley Primary ýchool
А
The aim of this report is to say what (1) was wrong with / l didn't ]ike about
health and safety issues while l was working а5 а teaching assistant at
Ваrпslеу Primary School,
Тhе most (2) serious рrоЫеm with / horrible thing about health алd sa{ety
was the lack of supervision of pupils. Fоr instance, during Ыеаks teachers
(З) wеrе rarely оп duty / печеr hung out in the playground. consequently,
fights and accidents often happened,
(4) Furthеrmоrе, / Апd апоthеr thing, the sсhооlЪ day-to day running caused
сопсеrп. Fоr example, the building was cleaned just before school Ьеgап.
]
As а result, four pupils and two teachers hаd serious accidents because they
.'
i
slipped оп wet floors. Also. the sсhооl gates were left uпlосkеd
]
so that (5) anybody could walk in / outsiders соч d епtеr the schoo ,
lп conclusion. а safer environment for pupils and staff is чеrу imрогtапt. Two
or three tеасhеrs should supervise pupils iп the playground during Ыеаks.
Similarly (6) the gates shou d Ье locked / someone shоu d ock the gates
every morning. Fiпаllу, general cleaning should Ье done after school hours
to рrечепt accidents.
1,18
t
- cok again !
Cver to you !
,]е
G Read thе writing task below and make а paragraph L|оsо-Uр
р|ап for your report. Remember to present уочr When Writing а report, u5е fогmаl linking Words
information in а clear way and to use headings. and рhrа5е5 to соппесt уоUr idea5, Furthermore, /л
е9е qddition, what is more апd Moreover аdd information.
lber of Yоu had а surnrner job iп а cafeteria, which you didn't /ike Д5 а result, consequently andTherefore а result.
at а//. Тhе rпапаgеr has asked you to write а report аЬоut 'hоw
Onthe other hапd, However, Дlthочgh andThough
what cou/d Ье dопе to make it а better piace to Work introduce an opposite idea. Fоrи5tdлсе For ехаmрIе
('120-180 words) 'п. and such с5 iпtгоduсе examples ofa previou5 idea,
lIace. Finally,ln сопсlusiоп,То сопсludе апd То sum up Ьriпg
the report to ап end.
Uэе|шl (хрrо5s\оч5
Recommending and 5uggesting
l 5uggest/recommend that ...
one solution Would Ье to ...
lt Wоuld Ье а good idea to ...
н
D Discuss these questions with а partner.
. Some people risk their lives to make а living? Would you? Why?Аy'y'hy поt?
. Does it take а special type о{ реrsоп to do а dangerous job?
. Being а wildfire photographer is а dangerous job. What other dangerous jobs сап you think of?
]iраd]iпg: article, muItiple-choice questions
!] (:]a;]][_'lij i;; i 1l: holiday- & travel-related words, word formation & рhrаsаl verbs
,i,"a,-ltT,ai," conditionals: zero, first, second & third, mixed conditionals, conditionals without
if , wish &if опIу
.i..si:Ё:] : ;l g.:: multiple-choice questions
5nea i:iгig: talking about holidays, decision making, stating рrеfеrепсеs & giving reasons
'il,i . ii il,|i : article, adiectives
i
lll
Located in the North At antic Осеап, lceland is Europe's аrе heated natural]y Ьу undergroUnd Volcanic activity, ]п fact,
Westernrnost country, With the гпоst northerly capita] city in епеr8у produced Ьу these 5рriпg5 is converted into electricity
the World, Vikin8 ехрlоrеr5 migrаtеd here frоm поrthеrп Europe Which provides power and heat fоr реор e's home5 апd
mоrе than а thouSand уеаr5 ago. When they establiShed the bUsineSSe5, AS а re5Ult, lceland ЬurпS Very little fossil fue1,5uc-
Wor d's first pal iaп.ert. The country'S nationa ап8uаgе can а5 oi and 8as, and has some of the с eanest air in the Wоr d,
sti ] Ье traced to the one spoken Ьу the vlkings at that tirne. lf only every country cou d Ье ]il(e ]celand]
Today, ]ce]and has а popUlat]on of iust очеr З 1О,ООО Опе of lceland's most popular hot sprin85 is the BJue Lagoon,
реор е,
5pread over 1ОО,O0О squаrе ki]ometres. Despite its smal size, а hu8e iake of bri8ht Ь uе 5eawater iUst outside Reykjavik.
there аrе mапу rеаsоп5 to visit this rеrпаrkаЬ е соuпtrу, Most Surrounded Ьу volcanoe5 and ava fields, the В ue Lagoon
Visitors' first port of са l is the country'S capita, Reykiavik, а receiVeS rпоrе than ЗОО,ООО visitors а уеаr. After а lопg day's
5mall, clean city kпоWп for it5 со ourful and stylish architecture.
5]8ht5eein8 or а on8 ni8ht of partyin8, ViSito15 сап rеlах in the
lf you love culture, you' l геаl у елjоу thi5 place. The city centre
la8oon's 5teaming hot Water, Which has ап аVеrа8ё tеmреrаtuге
is fLri of Shop5, art ga lerie5, саfёs, апd bookshops, п 2ооо,
of aboLlt З8'с. Some Ье ]eve the Watёr5 are аЬ е to сurе сеrtаir
Reykiavik WaS awarded the tit е of Еurоре's city of cUlture,
i lnesses and improve skin qua ity,
than]<s to its impresslve art col]ection5 and TnuseuTns, and
lVe]y ni8ht ife, Тhеrе i5 а rап8е of outdoor activitie5 to еп]оу elsewhere in the
country part]cU arly аlоп8 the coast,'lceland is an adventure,'5aic
The good neWS for viSitors iS that lceland's temperatures are
Soi Squire,Whose ce]andic соmрапу оr8ап iSe5 adventure trip5
fairly mild, even in the Winter When they stay at around 4'С,
around the country 'Wе have Еurоре'S biggest g п.'е.5. Тhеге аrе
Durin8 Winter months, nights are long, and tle i\]..iheгn Litrl..
mапу active volcanoes а5 We l, Skiing and cave explorations аrе
Ьесоrпе visib е, lighting Up the night sky With а spectacu]ar
diSp ау, ]n summеr, the country 8et5 а most 22 hоurs of 8reat things to do,'As опg as you have basic caving knowledge
and equipгnent, уоu can ехрlоrе опе of lceland's mo5t
day ight, and native lce ande15 and Visito15 alike епiоу partying рорu аr
outdoo15 until dawn. attract]ons - the unusua] ava caves. most of which fo rmed
1О,OО0 уеаrs а8о, TheTe are al5o ice cave5 fоr rпоrе experienced
But there's much mоrе to lce and than partying. The соuпtгу саVеrs. The be5t known iсё caves аrе in Vatnaiбkl]ll, а Vast layer of
iS опе of the moSt volcanica ly active nationS in the Wor d, ice Which, at В,OОО sqLrare k] ometre5, is Еurоре'5 ]a.8est glacier.
and there аrе а пumЬеr of hot 5prings агоuпd the ]s and. А l It's а so situated iust above an active vo сапо|
122
Сhооsе thе answer (а, Ь, с or d) which fits best Llоsо-Uу
according to the text. Whеп reading d tactualtext dbout а place, f
1 How are the hot springs ofthe Blue Lagoon heated? yoU can expect to 5ее information dЬоut Lhe
following things:the geography (ie, where
а Ьу the sun jt i5), the Weather, its history, places to see
ь Ьу volcanic activity
and things to do.The questions you hаче to
с Ьу еlесtгiсаl роwеr answer wiIl mainly Ье about the5e Ihin9s. 5о
d Ьу fossil fuels Ье prepared for detail questionS,
2 Where сап you find strange rock formations?
а оп the black-sand beaches
Ь in the city ofvik What iS NoT stated in the text?
с in the Thingvellir Valley а Аwагds аге given to architects.
d iп Reykjavik Ь Тhеrе is а lot о{ daylight in summer.
с Тhеrе is very little аir pollution in
з whеrе is the mid-Atlantic fault most visible? lceland.
а Reykjavik d lceland has Ьееп inhabited {оr about
ь The Blue Lagoon 1,000 years,
с Thingvellir Valley
d Geysir What is the writer's opinion of lceland?
а Тhеrе isn't mчсh to do there.
Ь lt's small, but it has mапу aГlraclions,
Tourists look down on thб mid_Atlantic fault с Only cavers enjoy going there,
that runs through Thingvellir National Park. d lt's too cold to visit iп winter.
Whо i5 thi5 text рrоЬаЫу written for?
а tourists
ь scientisъ
с business travellers
d lcelanders
(1) iп lndia is
amazing because the country is а land о{
contrasts. There's the wonder{ul
(2l of b,uildin9s like
the Taj IVlahal, as well as the stunning
fact,
(З) ,: tropical rаiп
ricity forests, deserts and beautiful beaches,
Make New Delhi your first
:i. such (4) thеп hire а(п)
lrld.
(5) to ехрlоrе the
rest of the country. lt'S а 9reat
оо п, (6) for touгists,
I
day's
in the
:rature
(ertain What do thёsё quotes mean? Do you
f exploring cave5 and glасiег5 doesn't interest you, head south. Ju5t agree with any of them?
outside the town of Vik, уоu сап check out the hu8е rосk fогmаtiоп5
the
,e,'said :hat were once believed to Ье monsters turned into stone, These аге . 'Tourists don't know whеrе they've Ьееп,
гiрs а dramatic part of the scenery оп one of lceland'5 most impressive travellers don't know where they're going.'
,е эlасk-sапd beache5. (Paul Тhеrоuх)
аrе
з аrе And finallи no trip to lce]and Would Ье complete Without а visit to
. 'тhе world is а book and those who do not
edge ihe Golden circle, а pathway northeast of Reykjavik that connects travel rеаd only опе page.' (St Augustine)
r]al Gullfo55 (а huge'Golden Waterfa l'), the hot sprlngs rеglоп of Gеуsir, . 'lf you reject the food, the customs. fear
апd Тhiп8чеlliг National Рагk. The rnld-Atlantic fat] t that гчп5 through thе religion and avoid the реорlе, you
)nced се and is literal у pU ling the is]and apart. Nowhere is thi5 mоrе might better stay hоmе.' (James Michener)
ауег of evident than in the Thingvellir Valley, Whеrе the lапd is actually
aciet Separating and the stony grоuпd beneath уоur feet frequently mоче5.
Hold on while уоч hike!
,l2з
Y ооаVиlаrц
А circle the correct words.
Legend, and the Causeway's unique (5) formation / rап9е, su99est5 that the 'stepping stones'
wеrе thrоwп thеrе Ьу the lrish wаrriоr Fiпп МсСооl as а (6) way / mеthоd of trave ling to
Scotland to fight his епеmу, Вепапdоппеr. Whether of natural оr mдhiсаl origin, the Causeway
is а must-see fоr аll tourists or trачёllёrs.
С Replace the words or phrases in bold with these words. D Discuss these questions with
cuisine счrгепсу itinerary rеSоrt а partner.
voyage
you need to get some foreign mопеу, go to the bank and get some.
. Do you like trying the lосаl счisiпе
1 lf
whеп you travel to othe. counL.ies:
2 l am looking forward to trying the local food whеп we get to Syria, . when travelling, do you like to
lt Says оп the programme l got {rom очr travel а9епt that we will bre have ап itinerary or would you
in lVadrid оп the 23rd of Juпе. prefer to find your own way?
Очr journey Ьу sea to England will Ье lопg, but don't worry, there'll . Do уоч think it would Ье Ьеttег
Ье loads to do on the ship, for tourists if there was one world
Му 9randparents spent their holidays at а very popular holiday place currency?
for tourists in the Сапаrу lslands.
. lfуоч had the choice, would you
гаthеr go оп а crцise оr а соасh
tour?
124
Conditionals: Zero, First, Second
& Third
А Look at these conditional sentences
and answer thе questions below.
Zero conditional: lf you {ly first class, you
рау more money.
First conditionaI: lf you choose this
holiday, you'll have а wопdеrful time.
Second conditional: lf l went аЫоаd every
year, l would Ье very happy.
Third conditional: lf l hadn't slept in,
l wouldn't have missed my fli9ht.
в С Lir*"n to these speakers and match them to the D ( You'll hеаr people talking in eight different
type of travel. situations. Fоr questions 1-8, choose the best
Sреаkеr 1 t] а trekking
answe1 а, Ь оr с.
Sреаkег 2 п Ь cycling 1 You hеаг а woman talking, How is she feeling?
Sреаkеr З г с travelling Ьу ship а patient
Ь excited
Sреаkеr 4 d travelling Ьу train с аппоуеd
5peaker 5 L е flying
Speaker 6 f f driving
2 You hеаr а young woman talking. Why did she
take the job?
а She wanted to enjoy the island.
с ('Now listen again and write down the words each Ь She wanted to work rеguLаг hours.
speaker used that hеlреd you find the answers in В. с She enjoys рrоЬ em solving.
1 You hеаr а young mап talking about an adventure
hе Went оп. What Was hе surprised about?
2
а that they found some gorillas iп the end
Ь how lопg the trek took
4 с that the guides didn't know where the gorillas
5 Were
6 You hеаr а mап talking about а holiday resort,
What is he describing?
а hоw beautiful the аrеа is
А mountain go.il[6 ЬаЬу c|imbing bamboo Ь the changes that have taken pIace there
с what is рlаппеd fоr the futuгe
You hear а tеепаgеr talking, Why didn't she enjoy
hеr holiday?
а She didn't like the place.
Ь The weather was bad.
с 5hе didn't like being with hеr раrепts.
You hеаr а mап talking about а journey he's going
to make. How wil he trave ?
а Ьу train
Ь Ьу ship
с Ьу рlапе
You hеаr two people talking at ап аirрогt. What do
they think is the most likely rеаsоп {оr the delay?
а bad wеаthеr
ь ]ack о{ опьоаrd refreshments
с а technical рrоЫеm with the aircraft
You hеаr а young woman talking about а trip she
made. Why did she set herself а challenge?
а because she doesn't like travelling alone
Ь Ьесаusе she doesn't like eating alone
с because she doesn't like meeting other travel еrs
,Peaklцa)
-, Work with а раrtпеr and апswеr these questions.
. When was the last time you went on holiday? L|оэо-Uр
. Do you рrеfег active or relaxing holidays? persuade
. Would уоu prefer to stay at а hotel or саmрiпg site while оп holiday? Why?
lf уоU Want to
the other person that What Ё
Ь
. Whiсh country would you like to visit? Why? youte saying i5 true, don't :
just state your preference i
э Look at the items below that someone might take with them on а
or express уоUr opinion,
Always justify it Ьу giving
camping holiday. Put them in order of how useful thеу are (1 = most useful; reasoný.
I
,
8 = least useful). Then, discuss уочr answers with а partner, giving reasons
for your choices.
1 suitcase _] 5 tinned food ]
2 first-aid kit ] 6 camera _]
ent
e5t З laptop ll 7 money J
4 torch a 8 tооthЫчsh L]
li
- lmagine that you and your friends are рlаппiпg а camping trip for а week in the mountains. First, talk
together about thе different items that you could take with you. Then, decide which two are the most
important ones. Remember to use the Useful Expressions.
.i aS
rn]oy
phrasal verbs
В Match the phrasal verbs 1_8 to their meanings a_h.
1 get away [] а Start а jоuгпеу
2 check in ] Ь board а рlапе, train, etc
3 drор off ] с arrive at а hotel апd collect your key
4 set out ] d move frоm pLace to рlасе
5 get оп i] е take someone sоmеwhеrе, usually in а car or other vehicle, and leave them thеr:
6 put up t] f wave goodbye to 5оmеопе leavinq frоm ап аirрогt, station, etc
7 get аrоuпd П 9 to escape
8 see off h аssеmЫе or build something
С Complete the travel Ыоg with thе рhrаsаl verbs {rom В iп the correct form.
Неrе we go| l'm at Gatwick аirрогt Тоmоrrоw we're going to 5ее the Тrечi Fочпtаiп and
waiting to (1) the Coliselm. We"l have to (4)
the рlапе, Му whоlе family came еаrlу if we want to see every.thing though.The hotel
to (2) bus will (5) U5
. l was sad to leave in the city centre at 9 o'clock. Арраrепtlу, the best
them, but happy to Ье оп mу way! way to (6) the city iS оп foot,
128
conditionals without if
А Read the sentences and answer the
questions Ьеlоw
а We'll set off еаrlу provided (that) you
аrе packed and ready to go.
Ь We'll set off еаrlу as long as you are
packed and ready to go.
с We won't set off еаrlу unless you are Wish & lf only
packed апd ready to go. С Look at these sentences апd answer the questions below.
а wish/lf опlу l knew where the musеum was,
ND 1 Do these Sentences have the same
ь wish/lf опlу l had taken the guidebook.
meaning? с
гАlN wish Patrick would stop talking during the tour.
Which word could replace provided
rthat) and as iоп9 as? Which sentence(s)
Whiсh words could replace unless?
1 refers to the past? __
2 refer to the present оr to the future? and
3 expresses dissatisfaction with another person's аппоуiпg
Now read these sentences and answer habitS. _
thе questions below.
а We hаче to set off before б o'clock, Complete the rчlеs.
otherwise we will miss our flight. Wish/lf опlу is to||owed Ьу а past perfect tense to say that we would like
Ь Supposing our passports were stolen а situation in the _ to have b,een different, Wbh,4f олlу is followed
оп holiday, what would we do?
there Ьу а past tense When а Situation in the _ is different to What We
would like it to Ье. We use wЬh почп/рrопоuп +
+ + bare
which word iп bold infinitive to talk aboUt other реорlеЪ аппоуiпg habits iп the present.
1 mеапs imagine? Read 10.6-10.7 of lhе Grammar Reference оп page 174 before you
2 means if we dоп'0 do the tasks.
D Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs iп brackets.
1 They themselves at the campsite providing they like being out in паturе. (enjoy)
2 As long as we the lосаl customs, we won't have апу problems. (respeсt)
You must drive саrеfчllу, otherwise you an accident. (have)
4 Unless you through customs, you сап't board the рlапе. (go)
5 Providing Вriап follows the track, he lost. (not get)
6 l'll pack the suitcases as lопg as you the house before we leave, (tidy)
7 to Japan unless you саmе with me. (not move)
Suppose you tired, would you go оп the tгеk? (поt Ье)
9 Supposing we earlier, would we have paid so much fоr our accommodation? (book)
10 Make а list of the things you need оп the trip, otheMise you something. (forget).
Е Look at thе situations and complete the sentences using the words in bold.
1 Sam forgot hеr passport and поw shеЪ stuck at the 4 We are оп а guided tour ofthe Acropolis, but
airport. forgotten we can't hеаr what the guide is saying. speak
sam wishes she her раsSроrt. we wish the ouide
l аm trying to relax Ьу the рооl, but the children are mоrе loudly.
making so muсh noise. make We are holidaying iп Frапсе, but lcan't
lwish the children communicate in Frепсh. communicate
so muсh поisе Ьу the рооl. lf only l
В Read the writing task and then write Т (true) or F (false) for each of the statements below.
You haye seen thЬ announcement in а travel magazine,
Fчп iп the sчп! 1 You will write ап article about а holiday disaster, L.]
Do vou have а favourite holiday 2 You should рrоЬаЫу focus оп а wаrm рlасе, ]
а"riй.tiоп or resort? write an artlcle З You will describe your journey in detail. tr
describing it and tell uS Why уоu'd 4
recommend it for Summer hoIldayS,
You should explain why others should go there. ]
i-r-,e Беri urtictes wilt Ье
published iп 5 You should write about What you сап do there. гl
next month'S iSSue.
С Read the model article and complete it With the adjectives 1_6 in А.
lf you want (5) days, Funchal offers swimming with dolphins, surfing оr раrа9lidiп9
fromitssunnyЬeасhes.Atni9ht,it,s(6)pаrtyingаSholidауmаkersсаnenjoythe
city's nightlife. You сап experience all this and more in Madeira's capital, making it an ideal рlасе for а holiday.
.1
lf you still haven't booked your holiday this summer, then make for Madeira. lt lives up to even the i
higheSt expectationS,
]]
1з0 -
{
-ook again !
i Write the correct paragraPh number from the model article next to these descriptions.
а Sum up апd гесоmmепd rеаdеrs visit holiday destination. П
Ь Describe what rеsогt оffеrs чеrу active реорlе. П
с Describe activities {оr аll tastes. f
d lntroduce the rеsоrt saying where it is and what itЪ famous fоr. f
F Look at thе Useful Expressions апd write Р (Positive) or N (Negative) next to еасh one.
Cver to you!
G Read the writing task below and make а paragraph plan
for уочr article. RеmеmЬеr to use а variety of adjectives
to make your article mоrе appealing to readers. аsе|иl {хргеss\очls
Yоч hаче sееп this аппочпсеmепt iп а travel mаgаziпе. ldiomatic expressions i
Ье а complete let down п
Ье in for а pleasant 5urpri5e t]
Wish уоч weren't here!
Ье well worth the money/a viSit п
Ье overpriced J
Are vou а lan о{ activity holidays, but. come in for а shock
ЙJ Й;j а really bad experience while оп fail to meet yoUr expectations t]
iiБiiojyZ йitЬ article describing it апd
";
you woutdn't recommend it to
ib]i'-"r'*r,y
live up to the highest eXpectations t]
.t't iЙ" Ь"* wilt Ье published there'S something for ечеrуопе t]
"*, month'S
"rticles
issue,
in next .,, is not to Ье missed ]
Llоэо-Ир
RеmеmЬеr to include а title fоr yoUr article
and use language which will keep the reader
interested. U5e rhetorical qUestionS, direct address,
idiomatic expressions and imperatives aS Well as
plenty ofdeScriptive adjectives and adverb5.
л}ъ-
Before you watch
А The RаmЫаs is а famous Street iп the Barcelona city centre. This is where many
of the artists and musicians of the Spanish city gather to entertain people.
Look at the statements about the Ramblas below and write Т fоr trче or F for false.
] саrs can't travel on the RаmЫаs. п
2 lt is lively and dynamic from еаrlу mоrпiпg until midday. п
З Опlу Spanish musicians are allowed to perform on the RаmЫаs. п
4 Тhеrе аrе flоwеr shops оп the RаmЫаs. п
5 Тhеrе are thieves on the Street. п А human statue in silve-
body paint and costu rте
While you watch in Barcelona
С Watch the DVD again and circla the words you hear.
1 The unique and stimulating / fascinating аtmоsрhеrе ofthis Mediterranean city
makes visitors {eel like they're attending а party that печеr ends.
2 That makes it very enjoyable, at least for me, апd inspiring / moving too.
3 Оп the Ramblas, exciting апd astonishing / rеmаrkаЬlе things just seem
to hарреп iп ап impromptu fashion, without апу need for practice.
4 lп Barcelona. а 9an95ter statue оп а dais in the street is а соmmоп sight / spectacle.
5 This оftеп shocks bystanders / onlookers and results in laughter frоm spectators.
Опе of the most beautiful and interesting places in Ваrсеlопа is the Ramblas. This wide,
pedestrian-only (1) rчпs Lhrough the middle о{ the city and ends at Lhe
(2, lt i5 lined With trees, саfбS and market (З) The
реrfоrmеrs who gather there make it ечеп more special. Тhеrе are musicians рlауiпg
(4) music from all очеr the world. They аrе joined Ьу actors who
present theatrical pieces which sometimes include people passing Ьу. Апd all this is done
Without preparation. Тhеу don't seem to need any (5) - they just do
things оп the spot. Тhеrе аrе also dancers and circus artists. Perhaps the most unusual
реrfоrmеrs оп the Ramblas are the humал statues, А hчmап statue dresses as а character
and applies (6) to every inch of the body that is exposed - this
is often silver оr 9old, The реrsоп then stands very still in the middle of the RаmЫаs
pretending to Ье а statue. The реrfоrmапсе is so (7) that реорlе
sometimes don't notice that the Statue is а rеаl performer. Тhеп, when а human Statue
suddenly moves, trystanders and (8) аrе usually shocked. This
makes everybody laugh. Life оп the Ramblas is печеr boring. Barcelona is а lively city,
full of excitement and fun.
,lооаVиlаrц
А circle the correct words.
1 Оur flight to Reykjavik is at 1 o'clock, but what time do we have to check in / get away?
2lfyoudon'tstarttoconcentrateonyourjob,you'll get out of work / the sack.
3 l always prefer to hаче а(п) destination / itinerary when l'm travelling, so l know аll the stages of my jou rney.
4 Shе doesn't just want а non-stop / dead end,job - she wants а promotion and а career,
5 Оur flight was very pleasant, but the anding / departure in New York was really rough.
6 Unfortunately, lots of workers wеrе made rеduпdапt/ unemployment last mопth.
7lnsomeplacesaЫoad,youcanusedollarstobuythings,butusuallyyoumusthavethelocal vacancy / currency.
8 We must stop him from visiting this dangerous rеgiоп at / in all costs.
9 Are you 9оiп9 to try the local sсепеrу / cuisine while you're travelling in Asia?
10 Тhе first port of tour / call on очr Greek lslands cruise i5 Santorini.
С Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in bold.
1 Jake warned me to Ье рrераrеd {оr lots of whеп looking for а,iob, REJECT
2 Do you enjoy iп the mountains? H|KE
з Тhеrе are many types of to choose from if you visit the UK. ACCOMMODATE
4 Тhеrе is an amazing rock аlопg the coast very пеаr here. FОRМ
5 our mапаоег needs а пеw to hеlр him out with his workload. ASS|ST
6 Excuse me. Do you work here in the museum, оr are you а(п) ? vlslT
133
Units 9 & 1
(лrаиИ^r
А Change the direct speech into reported speech.
1 'l dropped Sandy off at the аirрогt yesterday.' Реппу said.
Реппу told mе
2 'They're going to interview me tоmогrоw,'Jаsоп said.
Jason said
'Will you trу the local cuisine оп holiday?' I asked Апgеlа.
lasked Angela
'Whу did you set off 5о late for the airport?' Tom asked us.
Tom asked _
'yоu should ask аьоut the perks of this jotr,' my friend said.
Му friend advised mе
'l have already done all the sightseeing l want this week" explained Аппiе.
Аппiе explained
9 'l give you mу wогd that l will give you а рау rise,' our mапаgеr said.
Our manaqer promised
10 'You should а lways get to Wоrk оп time in the mornings,'Terry said to me.
Terry advised
В Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in Ыackets.
1 What kind of job {you / do) if you had а сhоiсе?
2 |f| (аррlу) {or this job, l would have regretted it.
3 lwish l (9о) on that sightseeing toUr yesterday.
4 They (рау) our wages at the end of the week if they can.
5 We would have congratulated Jоhп оп his promotion if we (see) him.
6 lf only l (not Ье) ilI оп the boat.
134
l
7','1 7,,t
&]с lI 1, I
r
z1;-\ l.
\!-{,й#|VlЁз
А Who аrе these people? Write G for good guy
оr В for bad guy. What do they do?
1 judge t] 4 detective ] Alcatrozi а поtоriоus islond
2 convict t 5 vandal t] ргi5оп iп sап FrапсiSсо Вау
3 arsonist 6 guard mе m о r abi l i а: оЬ ects that
i
аrе collected Ьесаusе they
оrе thought ta Ье чеrу
в Quickly read the text. Who doesn't рау to interesting
get into Littledean Jail? Where did you find раrапоrmаl: impos5ible to
this information? explain Ьу паturаlfоrсеs оr
Ьу science
v
Тhе police station was cloýed in 1972 and Орепiпg times
2 Тhе judge ordered the defendant to pass / sеrче а sentence of по lе55 than ten years.
З Large stores often еmрlоу security guаrds to prevent shop ifting / graffiti.
4 l'm innocentl What глоtiче / с це would l have fоr Ьгеаkiпg into my own house?
5 We feej sаfеr knowing that there are police officers оп {oot, guarding / patrolling the streets of our town.
6 Billy has to do ten weeks' community / socia1 service to рау for his сгimе.
1з8
l
D circle thе correct words.
1 Аrsоп, whiсh / that is а very serious crime. was
the rеаsоп for the fire.
Relative Clauses: defining & non-defining
The members of the jury who / when we talked
А Look at these sentences and write the relative to Were very nervous.
рrопочпs next to the correct uses. тimъ father, who / whose саr was stolen, has
The сrimiпаl who/that was given а life sentence reported the theft to the police.
ыоkе down in соuгt. тhе area which / whеrе the сrimе was committed
Тhе famous actress whose hоuэе was burgled is has Ьееп sealed off Ьу police.
afraid to go hоmе. Тhе day when / whеrе the рrisопеr саmе out of
This is the prison where the convict is held. jail was а 9reat day for his family.
The painting which/that was stolen from the museum
The detective that / whose solved the сrimе was
is very чаluаЫе.
given ап award fоr his amazing wоrk.
I will never forget the day when mу саr was stolen.
1 _ оr refer to people
Е choose the correct answers.
2 or rеfеr to things
З _ is used to show possession
4 refers to а period of time
The Hall of Shаmе \,/
5 _ re{ers to а рlасе Get some laughs {rom these
truе Stories aboUt stUpid criminals (1)
wеrе found out because they lacked соmmоп sense.
Read these sentences and underline the relative
-
clauses- Тhеп answer the questions. Опе criminal (2) said he'd печеr attacked апуопе
wrote а rар 5оп9 (3) _ was about а crime (4) _ hе
1 The lawyer whо defended the criminal is the best
had committed. Не even паmеd his victim. Now this
iп the country.
2 Тhе lаwуеr, whо defended thе criminal, is the best bad guy is singing the blues - thе jailhouse Ыuеs!
iп the country. А cashier will печеr forget the day (5) а thie{ came
into the shop (6) hе worked and demanded all
lп which sentence is the relative clause necessary the mопеу iп the cash drаwеr. The thief didn't like
in оrdеr to understand the main clause? ! the amount of money (7) he got, So he tied up
ls this а defining (D) оr а non-defining (ND) the employee. Тhеп, he got behind the counter and
relative clause? ! pretended to Ье ап employee to get more mопеу_
lп which sentence сап whо Ье replaced with Uп{огtuпаtеlу fоr him, the police showed up а few hours
tbat? fl later and arrested him.
t
>Ре aklvlr)
А Work with а раrtпеr апd answer these questions.
. Do уоu think уоur hоmеtоwп has high сrimе levels? what sorts of crimes are committed there?
. Have уоu ечеr witnessed а сrimе? what happened?
r what kind of crimes do you think young реорlе аrе most likely to commit?
З Read the task iп С below and on ра9е 1 9О with your раrtпеr. Опе о{ you should tick the items below
whiсh describe what student А. will have to do and the other should tick the items which describe what
student в will have to do.
1 listen to уочr раrtпеr carefuliy L-] 4 ask questions п
2 think about аl{ реорlе involved l] 5 ехрlаiп what the рrоЬlеm is п
З say how old the реорlе are t] 6 give advice п
3 Work in pairs. Student А shou|d look at the pictures and чsе thе information below.
Student В should look at the pictures and use the information оп ра9е 190.
Remember to use the Useful Expressions.
Student А: Ask these questions to find out what уочr partner's рrоЫеm is and
thеп give уочr partner some good advice.
. What i5 the ргоЫеm? Lloso-Up
. What аrе the options? Whеп giving уоur opinion,
. What аrе thе disadvantages of each option? remember that there is no
right or Wrопg а nSWer. Yоu
centre сап сhооsе one ofthe option5
given to уоU or you сап come
сrimе чр With another option that
уоч have thought ofyoursell
ng
п9
е find
эп mег:
еорlе
oUth
Usе|иl {хрrеs5\очl5
t-":@x
Discuss these queýtions With а partner.
suggesting alternative5
lnstead of ..., he/she could ...
lf l Were him/her, l'd .,.
. why do уоu think people commit crimes? What about ... ing?
. what do you think ordinary people сап do to hеlр reduce сrimе? .., might Ье опе way round the рrоЬlеm.
. What аrе the most and the least serious crimes you сап think of?
141
!ооаVиlаrц
Collocations & Expressions
А Answer the questions.
1 lf something is against the law, are you allowed to do it?
2 lf the police place а thief under arrest, do they tell him оr hеr to go hоmе?
3 lf you have а police record, have you ever committed а сгimе? _
4 lf you Ыеаk the law, аге you doing something wrong? _
5 lf you аrе helping to tackle crime, are you а criminal?
6 lf you plead guiltytoa crime, areyousaying you'reinnocent?
7 lf you solve а case, have you Ьееп successful?
8 lf somebody telis you to mепd your ways, аrе they asking you to help them commit
а crime?
Prepositions
с circle the correct words.
С Rewrite each sentence using а suitable paЁiciple to replace the words in bold.
1 Whеп we opened the Ьа9, we found some stolen goods.
5 We were woken up try а truck that waý pasýing outside our house.
7 Who аrе those реорJе who are waiting outside the police station?
8 The police caught the thief on the road which ioined the two villages.
9 The crime which had Ьееп investigated fоr years was never solved.
]0 Не was sentenced to ten уеаrs in prison and hе will Ье 54 when he gets outs.
14з
иlrifiи11
Brainstorming
When you Write ап essay, it's important that уоч brainstorm
to come чр with as mапу ideas as possible connected to
the topic, and thеп grоuр reIated ideas tоgеthеr, lf you аrе
dealing with the advanta9es and disadvanta9es of а topic,
write down уоur ideas, decide which are advanta9es and which
are disadvantages. and then decide what the most important
points are and iп what оrdеr you will рrеsепt the arguments.
А What are the advantages апd disadvantages of community service as а form of punishment? Look at the-
ideas and write А (advantage) and D (disadvantage).
] lt can make criminals think crime isn't serious. п
2 lt сап put citizens at r;sk, п
З lt cUtS prison costs. п
4 lt allows people to stay with their families. п
5 lt helps society. l
В Read thе writing task below and then tick the things you will do.
Your English teacher has asked you to read the extract from ап article beiow and thел to Write ап essay.
С Read the model essay апd underline апу of the advantages and disadvantages from А.
Теепа9е crime is ап uпfогtчпаtе faсt of life. Тhе question is, though, is community
service fоr young offenders а good idea?
То begin with, thеrе are mапу trenefits of community service. Community service
] makes sure young offenders аrе punished and benefits others at the same time.
I
lt takes away their freedom and it makes them think about their role iп society. For
example, cleaning up рuЫiс areas or looking after реорlе in the community force
уоuпg offenders to put оthег people's needs Ьеfоrе their own.
Оп the other hand, community service has its disadvanta9es- lf dangerous
criminals are allowed to live iп society, people might Ье at risk. Fuгthеrmоrе, уочпg
offenders who only receive community service may not think that itЪ а serious
punishment, апd they won't Ье put off committing other crimes in the future.
lп conclusion, lthink community service sbould only Ье used fоr criminals who are
not dangerous and take it seriously as а punishment. conseqцently, each case must
Ье judged individually to make sчrе that the punishment given is suitаЫе for each
criminal.
-ook again !
i Match.
1 Раrаgrарh 1 ! а DiScusS the arguments against.
Uэе|цl tхргеss|очls
2 Раrаgrарh 2 ! Ь Sum up апd state уоur opinion.
З Раrаgrарh З f] с Discuss thе аг9umепts for
Advanta9e5 and di5advantage5
benefit
4 Paragraph 4 f- l d lпtrоduсе the topic to Ье discussed. pros and cons
t the- for and a9ainst
: Look at the Useful Expressions and cboose thе correct answers.
have (its) advantaqes/diSadvantaqeS
ье а waste of time
'l Тhе offender was sentenced twelve months in prison. саu5е more hаrm than good
atobincfor Discussing crimes
the pUni5hment fits the crime
2 Some punishments can саusе mоrе hаrm than а fine
а benefits Ь advantages с good а pri50n Sentence
З Реорlе who the law should Ье punished. а Warning
а commit Ь Ыеаk с prevent
community Service
Ье sentenced to ... months/yearS in рrisоп
4 The first-time offender was let off with Ье guilty/innocent of
а acrime Ь
wаrпiпg с theiaw
а Ье let off With а Warning
break the law
5 What are the arguments for and рrisоп sепtепсеs? commit а сrirпе
а cons Ь disadvantages с against tackle/prevent сrimе
Cver to you!
G Read the writing task below and make а paragraph
рlап for уочr essay. Remember to Ыainstorm for
ideas and then to group-related ideas together.
Your English teacher has asked you to read the extract
frоm ап article be/ow алd thел to write ап е55ау.
L|оsа-Ир
lп for and a9ainst essays, State your
opinion in the conclusion. you agree
lf
With both sides of the аrgumепt to some
extent, then you сап 5ау So. НоWечеr, уоu
Should clearly state the rеаsоп why you
feel that neither Side i5 alWays right,
Before you watch
А Discuss these questions.
. What kinds of animals would you expect to find iп ап animal rеsсuе centre?
. Аrе thеrе апimаl rescue centres in your country where you could take ап animal?
. Would уоч like to volunteer to work in ап animal геsсче сепtrе? Why? / Why not?
j
_] : i]ii_ |J. article, multiple matching
fashion and shopping-related words, phrasal verbs, wоrd formation
,]; а:-i:г-i:]i": causative, inversion: under по сirсumтtапсеs, печеr, not only ... but also, it|s
(oboutlhigh) time
l_;: i],: i,] i ,,i ;': muItipIe-choice questions
.-,::] :]n lii '..i-i: talking about fashion, comparing photographs, giving yourself time to think
'l],] i"i-L: I review, supporting your arguments
It
]]
l
l
:o,vde,
for
_.пd
-е
-еу
. give
- type?
:ected?
--ý -
Masked monkc'dance iп а traditional
tsech,.r €tival in Buhtan, Asia
l"
|,,'f
ч ,{,
. ?"},)lLrзfon
"9 l!|]t]
Looking at fashions ot hуgопе eras, it's difticult not enough, they're back in fashion now! l also Wore а lot of
to laugh. Just look at old photos of your раrепЬ with vintage clothing becaUSe not only WaS it affordabIe, bUt
perms, wearing sherrýUits апd shoulder pads. Yet, also very good quality, ln fасt, l Still buy vintage stuff -
tfiis is и/hаt was fashionable iп the 80s. we talked to there'S nothing in the Shops to match it for style.
four people who lived through the 80s, aftectionately
kпоwп as 'Тhе Decade That Fаshiоп Forgot!'
Му kids ask me to ShoW them photos of myself
Ьеfоrе l got married and it'S really еmЬаrrаSsiпg.
Му look Started With mу hair. l loved the big, spiky The clothes we wore then look ridiculous поw, But
look. l got it cut regularly апd then l'd have it dyed. Му to Ье honest, l don't know what's worse - the shoulder
natural colour iS red, but l'd get it dyed White blonde. of pads We Wоrе then or the baggy trousers my daughter
course, lthought it WaS extremely Stylish, though l look Wears поW. She looks like ап overgrown ЬаЬу in а big
at old photos now апd just cringe, Make-Up Was equally Saggy парру. AS for my sоп, Why does he think that he
important. l Used lots of black ёуеliпеr looks cool Whеп he Wears his jeans So low down? lýn't
around my eyes- At the time, l thought it funny how Something So awful сап Ье considered
it made mе look mysterious, And attractive! We Wеrе influenced Ьу Singers jUSt aS kids
then there were the clothes. are today, but Singers in the 80S Wеrе pretty tаmё
LeggingS Wеrе the cooleýt thing compared to Some that are around today, l don't know
back then. l rеmеmЬеr ýеёiпg What l'd do if mу daughter саmе home looking like theml
Sоmеопе at а сlUЬ Wearing black What l rеmеmЬеr most of all iS that We loved getting
lace IeggingS and dressed Up and We Werenl afraid to make а fool of
thinking they Were oUrselves. l Suppose Some things never change.
the coolest
thing ever.
FunniIy
Everything WaS big in the 80S - jewellery, Shoulder pads
and hair. You either сочеrеd уоUr hair in half а can of
hairspray, or you had it permed. l got mine permed
because lWanted to look like Kylie Minogue. lthink
She looks much better now, and l hope l do, too. What
l remember most about the 80S WaS Lycra". lt WaS
every,lvhere. lt became popular When keep-fit clothing
crossed очеr and Ьесаmе part of mainstream fashion,
€- l used to Wear tight pink Lycra 3 leggings With black
legwarmers or а puff-Skirt, and high heels. l Still Wear high
heels because l'm оп the short side, but l wouldn't dreanT
of Wеаriпg the rest of the outfit! What amazes mе iS tha,t
) Read the article again to find the following information.
Llоsа-Uу
Which person/people ...
Fоr mUltiple matching tasks in Which
mentions make-up? 1 п different people de5cribe or give their
says fashion trends геturп? 2 п opinion about Something, рау attention
to any negative Statements that are made.
соmраrеs опе bad fashion with another? i
п There are often questions aboUt the5e
{
didn't dress like his/her friends? 4 l such as,'Who doesn't ,..?}Which реrsоп
ikes good quality clothes? ý WoUldn't .,.?; etc,
doesn't like what his/her сhildrеп wear? 6
bought second-hand clothes? 7 -8
Get the meaning!
changed his/her hair соlоur? 9 п
сгеаtеd his/hеr own look? 10 п Е Complete the sentences with these words.
feel еmЬагrаssеd about what they wore? 11 a12 п парру teggings heets
1 l hate wearing shoes wiгh higb
2 l need to сhапgе the baby's
IMum, have you seen my red ?
l Want to Wеаr them under my pink skirt.
lcl с'
), ьл
Ide r
hter
bis
the
Sn't
d ту оWп daughter Wears leggings поW l suppose it
dS ust goes to ShoW that trends соmе and go .., and,
,чhеп you least expect it, they're back!
Ithem]
r .,ra{iФт1 g?и*gаfl
,]g
Fоr me, the 80S Were аll about music and fashion,
'd Watch mу favourite bands on TV and then try
to rесrеаtе their look in а Way that Suited me. l
iked wearing dinner.iackets With Striped Shirts and
]eans - the jacketý made me feel sophisticated
ечеп though l was from а rough neighbourhood.
padS Rolling up the Sleeves made the elegant jacket look
of casuai, апd made me think lWas cool, l USed to get
l the jackets at charity Shops because l couldn1 afford
high Street prices. Му friends, оп the other hand,
vhat preferred Wearing T-Shirts and ripped jeanS With the
]atest trainers, Whatever We Wore though, We tried to
iпg ]ook like individUalS. lt SeemS to me that these days,
io n, teenagerS just blindly сору modelS and SingerS; they
donl develop their оWп Styles, Му son disagrees,
аr high though; he SayS that today'S fashion is much more
dream original than it WaS iп the 80s. Не thinks that the Way
iS that We USed to dress iS laughable.
'i оOаigrдflйгьi
А Match these words related to fashion and shopping 1-8 with their definitions а-h.
1 refund П а lопg thin platform where models wa]k to display clothes
2 rесеiрt t] ь паrrоW 9ар between rоws of shelves iп а shop
3 aisle П с а раttеrл of squares, usually of two colours
4 shop window ] d the frопt of а shop where goods аге displayed
5 lаЬеl tr е mопеу back fоr somethin9 you bought
6 catwalk t а pattern of lопg паrrоw lines о{ different соlочгs
П
7 checked П 9 piece of рареr оr plastic attached to something that gives iпfоrmаtiог
about рriсе, material. etc
8 striped П h piece of рареr showing that уоU hаче bought something
D Do you agree with these statements? Compare your answers with а раrtпеrЪ.
. lt'S better to wear fabrics made of cotton. silk оr wool than synthetic ones.
. Веiлg а shopaholic is ап illness.
. IМапу people wear the latest fashion in clothes even thouqh it might not suit them,
150
зausative
А Look at the sentence and then answer the questions below.
Мапу celeЫities hаче their clothes made for them Ьу famous designers.
1 Do mапу celeЫities make their оwп clothes?
2 Who makes the clothes?
3 Which auxiliary verb is used?
4 what is the form of the main verb?
Read 12.1 ol the Grаmmаr Reference оп page 175 before you do the tasks.
С Complete the second sentences so that they have а similar meaning to thе first sentences. Use the
causative and the wordý in bold.
1 Jоhп is polishing his father's shoes, is
Jоhпъ father Ьу John.
2 Тhе shop assistant didn't wrap the gifu for us. wrapped
We didn't fоr us Ьу the shop assistant.
3 Susап is collecting Mrs LiпtопЪ shоррiпg frоm the department store. having
MrS Linton {rom the department Store Ьу Susan.
4 Someone has stolen my mчmЪ bag. hаd
lV]um
5 Му aunt is gоiпg to Shorten my new jeans. have
Ьу my aunt.
6 The young dеsigпеr will hаче made Betty's dress Ьу the end of the month. hаd
BettyWillbytheуoungdesignerbytheendofthemonth'
В Now look at the questions below and choose the correct answers.
1 How mцсh о{ hеr working time does 2 What does thе speaker say about hеr evel
the speaker spend in Ьеr office? of knowledge in the fashion industry?
а пеаrJу all of it а She's опJу rесепtlу left соl ege,
Ь about ha]f о{ it Ь Неr only ехреriепсе is о{ modellinq.
с чеrу little of it с She's very experienced in the industry.
С Underline the words in В which contained thе соrrесt answers. Are they the
same as the words you wrote in А?
Llоsо-Uр
D i you will hеаr а radio presenter interviewing lп thiS type oftask,
someone at an event. you will hear the interview itЗ чеrу important to
in three parts. After each part уоu will hеаr some take notes а5 уоu ljsten
becauSe уоч Won't hеаr
questions about that part. Сhооsе the correct
the qUestions Until
answers, а, Ь or с. after you've heard each
Part l section of the interview
1 а ап event оrgапi5еr
Ь а fashion designer
с а top model
2 а every year
Ь ечеrу two уеаrs
с every thrее уеаrs
3а enter а modelling cornpetition
ь vote for their favourite models
с take part in photo sessions
4а health & fitness advice
ь advice on what colours to wear
с make-up advice
Part ll
5 а the shops selling clothes
ь the live catwalk shows
с the make-up and wedding dress sections
l
,l
6 а have it cut in рuЫiс at the event
Ь pick up а чоuсhеr
с епtеr а competition
.g
Раrt lll
7 а people's old clothes l
l 152
I
t
>реаklц/)
А Wоrk with а partner and answer these questions.
. Do you like shopping fог new clothes? Why?/Why not?
. How important is it for you to wеаr fаshiопаые clothes?
. what kind of clothes do you usually wеаr?
. Do you choose what соlочr clothes to wеаr depending оп your mood? Give ап example.
] Put а tick next to the fashion-related adjectives that аrе positive and а cross next to those that аrе negative.
1 stylish J 6 ugly п
2 com{ortable п 7 well-made L
З mоdеrп f 8 rеаsопаlэlу-рriсеd п
4 beauti{ul 9 old-fashioned п
5 рооr quality t] 10 expensive п
у
Work with а partner and answer the questions about the photographs. Опе of you should
ье student А and thе оthеr should Ье stцdent В. Remember to чsе the Useful Expressions.
Llоsа-Uр
When taking part in
а conversation, it is
important that уоU give
уоUr5еlf and уочr partner
Student А: Соmраrе photos 1 and 2 and say what kind of situations each style time to think. Most
of clothes would Ье suitable for. conversation5 often hаче
student В: What kind of clothes do you prefer to Wеаr most ofthe time? Why? 5hort paUses qiving the
5peakers both the tjme
to take in what the оthеr i
реrsоп has Said and the :
time to think about what ]
Student В: Соmраrе photos З and 4 and say how these реорlе are involved
r, in fashion.
Student А: Which job would you рrеfеr?
i Uэе|иl {,xpress\oyls
(ý:i@n Giving yourself time to think
NoW, lеtЪ see ...
Ju5t а moment, please.
Discuss these questions with а раrtпеr. |'m not 5чrе, Perhaps ...
. what kind of clothes are in fashion now? WhаtЪ the Word l WaS looking for?
. Do уоu think itъ а good thing that fashions сhапgе every year? whу?дvhу not? What did l/you Want to 5ау?
. Do the clothes а person wеаrs iпflчепсе what you think of them? whу?дvhу поt?
15з
! ооаVtлlаrц
phrasal verbs
А Match the phrasal verbs 1-8 to their meanings а-h.
1 do up п а wеаr clothes that аrе smart
2 take up п Ь make clothes smаllеr and tighter
З put on с {asten something with а zip or button
4 Wear out t] d shorten clothes Ьу folding uр the btottom edge and Stitching it
5 try оп L] е use something so muсh that it becomes useless
6 take off ] f place clothes оп your body and wеаr them
7 take in _] g see if а piece of clothing fits you оr looks пiсе
8 dress up t] h remove clothes frоm your t,ody
word formation
С Complete the sentences With the correct {orm of the words.
1 А belt and а соlоurful sсаrf are great to make your outfit stand out. ACCESSORISE
2 Being сап Ь,е very expensive! Designer clothes cost а fогtчпе! FASH|ON
Kate N4oSS has Ыоught out ап rапgе of clothes that you сап buy in the high
Street ShopS, AFFoRD
4 The models at the photo shoot looked so опсе they wеrе all dressed up. GLAMOUR
5 l love уоur new earrings! You always wеаr such lovely . JEWEL
6 Dolce & Gabbana's new is fantastic,
']
hеrе аrе so mапу nice clothes. COLLECT
7 The fanrous singer has quiLe ar way of dressing. 5hе always looks so сооl
and stylish. ALTERNATE
8 Тhеу sell their clothes to the biq department stоrе in London's West End. EXCLUS|VE
D Read what the different students say about fashion. Do you feel the same? Discuss with а раrtпеr.
,l54
l
lnversion: Under по сirсчmstапсеs, печеr &
not опlу .,. but also
А We сап use а negative word or рhrаsе at the
Ьеgiппiпg of а sentence for emphasis. Read the
sentences below and notice how the word order
changes in sёпtепсе Ь. Тhеп answer the question
below.
а l have печеr sееп so many beautiful shoes.
Ь Never hаче lseen so mапу beautiful shoes.
lt's (about/high) time
What happens to the subject and the verb when С Look at the sentences and answer the questions.
Never Ь at the beginning of the sentence?
1 ltЪ time you bought some good quality clothes.
2 ltЪ аЬочt time l bought something {оr myself.
3 ltЪ high time hе had а haircut.
we can also use under по сirсчmstалсеs and
Not only ... but also for emphasis. Look at the Do these sentences refer to the present or the
sentences below and complete 1Ь and 2Ь with paSt?
the subject and verb. what is thё tense of the main verb in these
1а Тhе stylists not опlу choose the clothes, but sentences?
they also choose the jewellery.
Ь Not only thе clothes. Complete the rules.
but they also choose the jewellery, We use ItЗ (_/ )time + _tense to
2а You аrеп't allowed to use mу credit card uпdеr complain about or criticise something or someone.
апу circumStances.
ь under no circumstances Read 12.2-12.З of the Grammar Reference оп page 175
before you do tfiе task.
to use my credit card.
SE 1 Not опlу а lot of mопеу. but they also Ьесоmе Under по circumstances _ the jacket without the
famous. receipt.
а models are еаrпiпg а can you ехсhапgе
ь do models еаrп Ь you can't exchange
с models еаrп с do you exchange
эUR 2 Never such а rude and noisy customer. Not опlу _ very expensive. but it is also very old-
а have lseen fashioned.
ь l have seen а that dress is
с lsaw ь that dress was
З ltЪ high time уоч some new trаiпегs. с iý that dress
,slvE а bought
Ь have bought
с did buy
4 Under по circumstances my favourite jeans.
а уоu Wеаr
Ь you сап wear
,]е
с are уоu gоiпg to wеаr
lk
5 Never so many bargains!
aе
rd
а I hadn't seen
and
ь hadn't lseen
lity.
с had lseen
6 lt'S about time We to the 5ale5.
а have gone
Ь Went
с9о
Wrrtiи4
5upporting your arguments
When you express your opinion about а film or ап event in а review, you сап
make your arguments mоrе convincing Ьу giving examples of what you are
talking about. We сап use the following language to introduce examples: Ёоr
ехаmрlе, ..., Fоr instance, ..., ... such as ,.., One ехаmрlе of this was .,., Тhis
was particularly оЬчiоus/поtiсеаЫе whеп .,., Take .., for ехаmрlе апd lп this/
опе case,... .
В Read the writing task and choose from the sentences а,е the one which best fits each 9ар (1-5).
Yоu rесепt/у attended а fashion show that уоu weren't impressed with. Yоu hаче seen thb аппоuпсеmепt оп а fashic-
website and decide to write about the shоw you saw.
1 What do you have to write?
Hare votl gоt ап еуе lог fаshiоп? Doe, rероrгiлgаЬоrtt 2 Will you write in а positive оr negative way? Why?
j."" оЁ..,rlл,rik life appeal to rou? Тhеп
,Ь. Й'.
iЁth",, b,'.od,b n"d З What kind of things should you focus оп?
;,.iЁЁ;.;;;;;;ЬGth,
""
,hо* yorl аггспdеd, The 4 Will you write about it in ап objective way оr frоm а
.,'Ь..l.ооr,r", Ъ-,ч", оТ,
Б",,i..чiЁ*, ''ill Ь. рuЫishеd оп оur ц,Ь,irе, реrsопаl point of view? Whу?
С Read the model review and put the example sentences in the correct places.
Fоr instance, the trousers were too
Fashion week Ьlчеs long for апуопе to actually wеаr.
.As а fоllоwеr of fashion, l look fогwаrd to attending the big events in lп опе case, опе of them fell off the
the fashion саlепdаr. (1) This уеаг promised to Ье the best eve1 caMalk.
and was opened Ьу new designer Moldo, However, the show turned Take Fаshiоп Week for example,
out to Ье very disappointing. which l haven't missed for the last
{ive years,
Moldo was presenting his Summer Collection. The designs, though,
Wеrе mоге SuitаЫе for autumn. (2)
Old songs Ьу groups such as The
lп addition, the clothes Were
Beatles were unsuitable fоr а mоdеrг
impractical. (3)
fashion show.
As the designs weren't brad enough, the show itself had some major
if е Eor example, the colours of the
ргоЫеms, IMany models wеrе obviously inexperienced. (4) Another fabrics used were only Ьrоwп
low point WaS the music, (5) and grey.
t
-cok а9аiп !
) Read the model review again and tick the things the writer has done.
used ап appropriate title
,1
Эчеr to you !
З Read the writing task and make а раrаgrарh plan for your review.
Remember to support your arguments with examples.
yоu hаче seen thb аплоuпсеmепt on а fashion website апd decide to write
about а show you saw that made а positive rmpression on you. Llоsо-Uр
Before yoU Sta rt Writin9,
Underline all the things in
Fаshiои U)ebsite the ta5k уоu 5hould include
in уочr review. Make
What Was the highlight of Separate noteS for them and
decide which ofthe words
this year's Fashion Week
from the Useful ExpresslonJ
for you? Was there а show yoU coUld U5e to describe
that particUIarly impressed each one. Don't forget to
you? Then Write uS а review include examples.
describing the collection,
the models and the show in
9епеrаl. The best ones Will
appear on our website.
пе
поdеrг l)sе|иl {хрrеss\оч,s
Describing fashion Useful adjectives
acce55orie5 design fashion show high heels (in)appropriate colourfuI
catwalk designer fashion victim model (in)experienced d ull
clothes evening Wеаr follower of fashion swimwear (im)pгactical fashiona ble
collection fabric footWear (Un)impresSive trendy
(un)5uitable
157
.. i]
lш
,l,. i l ,- _l
] How mчсh do you know about silk? Look at the statements below and write
Т for true or F for false.
'l Siii<worms опlу eat the leaves of the lVulЬ,еrrу tree.
2 А si l<worm needs опе week to grow to fu maturity.
З lt takes а si l<worm fоuг days to сгеаtе its сосооп.
4 тhе сосооп of а silkworm is usua] v Ыасk_
5 А сосооп is made of опе thrеаd that is аlэоut 800 metres опg,
6 You need appгoximate]y 1,000 si kwоrm cocoons to make опе metre of si [{аЬriс,
The Antico Setlflcio Fioreлtlno is also kпоwп as the Antique Si k Factory of F огепсе. Тhе silk produced at the Antique
Sill< Fасtоrу iп Flоrепсе is different frоm that produced in otber factories, At this special {actory, thе fаЬriс is hапd-wочег
оп antique (1) whiсh wеrе built ]п 1780.
Тhеу арр у the same (2) principles thаt have Ьееп used fоr hundreds of years, Веfоrе the weaving
even begin5, the silk (З) is ргосеssеd оп machines that аrе ] 50 уеаr5 о d. The workers have to place
the si l< thread оп the bobbins very carefu у so it doesn't twist duriпg the weaving
(4) , Тhеу then work slow у and weave опе thread at а time.
Тhе silk that comes {rоm оthег factories usually hаs about З,000 to 4,000 threads гuппiпg
n one (5) оп еасh piece offabric, (6) , the
hand-made si k has about ] 2,000 threads iп thе same space th]s makes а b,etter
qua ity (7) that is also much stronger,
Тhеrе аге а пumЬеr of оthеr diffеrепсеs between the two types о{ silk, First of аl ,
the hand-woven fаЫiс ooks muсh mоrе beautifu: its соlоur changes iп different
Jighting conditions, Second у, it hо ds its 5hаре better than mасh]пе made s] k,
тhеrе is опе other unusua difference: the hand-made sill< makes а different noise
whеп you (8) уоur hand очеr tlre fаЫiсl
';'"
At the Antico Setificio Fiоrелtiпо, style ancl tradition come together iп beautifu ''Ы
hand-woven si k fabrics.
,}
Discuss these questions with а partner.
. What other hand made products сап you think of?
. Do уоu think lt's worth the time and еflоrt to do things lэу hапd
оr iS it lэеttеr to usе machines when possible? Why? / Why поt?
158
д
&
Units 11 &12
оO^vиl^rч
) - Match.
1 police L- а а sentence
2 commit п Ь window
з plead L-] с а crime
4 shop f d service
5 Ыеаk п е rесоrd
6 community Lr f 9uilty
7 sеrче L g the law
,!
59
Units 11&
(аrаvпИаr
А Complete the sentences with who, which, whose, where оr when. Тhеп, tick the sentences where
that сап Ье used too.
1 The lawye1 WaS arrested last night, denied Stealin9 company money.
2 Jane bought а lovely evening dress was а Ьаrgаiп. L]
з This is the street the tегriЬlе accident happened, t]
4 Tony's father, job involves а lot of traveIling, is а detective. t]
5 weekends аrе а time а lot of arrests аrе made- п
6 А famous writer, was 56 уеаrs old, was murdеrеd last night. п
7 The thief was given а two-year-sentence WaS taken to рriSоп. п
8 The policemen patroL the streets оп {oot make реорlе feel sa{er.
В Complete the sentences with а present or past participle using these verbs.
investigate live оffег se[[ 5епtепсе take wait watk
1 The young mап to two months of community service Was геliечеd поt
to 9о to prison,
2 lt must Ье very unpleasant fоr реорlе in areas with а high number
of crimes.
Тhе depaftment Store great discounts WaS fUll of customerS yesterday
4 Тhе pictures at the crime 5сепе show how the house was Ьrоkеп into.
5 Police the сrimе are lооkiпg fоr three mеп in their 20s.
6 Those реорlе outside the соUrt are journalists,
7 l\4ost of the clothes in thiч boutiq.le are very expensive,
8 Тhе top model оп the catwalk at the mоmепt i5 mу Sister,
С Complete the second sentences 5о they have а similar mеапiпg to thе first sentences. Use the words
iп bold,
1 The police had never seen such а terrible сrimе. sееп
Never such а tеrriьlе crime-
The hairdresser is going to style DеЬЬiеl hair tomorrow. hair
Debbie is going bv thе hairdresser tomorrow.
You should go home now Ьесачsе it's getting late, high
ltЪ поW because it'S getting late.
А large department store will seJlthe пеw designer's clothes. his
The new designer Ьу а lаrgе dерагtmепt store.
Сhаrliе was charged with burglary and assault, charged
Not only Ьut he was also charged with assault.
6 Mum does my aunt'S nails ечеrу two weeks. gets
Му alrnt Ьу lйum every two weeks.
7 Martin's саr was stolen last week. had
Маrtiп ast Week.
8 Employeesshould печеr forget to set the аlаrm whеп closing the office. no
U пdеr {orget to set the аlаrm whеп closing the office,
160
lnfinitive Past Simple Past Participle
Ье was/were Ьееп
beat beat Ьеаtеп
become became brecome
begin bega п begun
bite bit bitten
blow blew Ь lown
break broke lэrоkеп
Ьriпg brought brought
broadcast broadcast broadcast
build bui t bu iIt
Ьurп burnt Ьurпt
buy bought bought
сап cou ld
catch caught caught
choose chose chosen
соmе сатпе come
co5t cost coSt
cUt cUt cUt
dea l dealt dealt
do did done
draw drew drawn
drеаm dreamt dreamt
drink drank drunk
d rive drove drivеп
eat ate eaten
fa ll fell fal еп
feed fed fed
feel felt felt
fi9 ht fought fought
find found found
fly flew flown
forecast forecast forecast
forget forgot forgotten
9et 9ot 9ot
give gaVe given
9о Went 9о пе
groW 9rew 9rown
have had had
hеаr heard hеаrd
hide hid h idden
hit hit hit
hold held he]d
hurt hurt hurt
keep kept kept
know knew known
lead led led
lea rn lea rп t lea rп t
еаVе left left
{end lent le nt
]et let let
176
lnfinitive Past Simple Past Participle
lie lay lain
li9ht lit it
lose lost lost
гпеап meant meant
make made made
lTeet met l]let
рау paid paid
p1,oVe proved рrоVеп
pUt put pUt
read rеаd |rеd] read Irеd]
ride rode ridden
гiпg rап9 ruп9
rise roSe rise п
rUп rап rUп
5ау said said
See SaW Seen
sell sold sold
send 5ent Sent
Set Set Set
shake shook shaken
shine shone shone
show showed shown
shoot shot shot
sh ut shut sh ut
sing Sa п9 SU п9
sin k sank sunk
Sit 5at Sat
S еер slept slept
slide slid slid
smell smelt sm e]t
speak spoke spoken
speed sped sped
spend Spe nt spent
sta nd stood stood
stea1 stole stolen
stick stuck stuck
stin k stan k stunk
SWeep SWept SWept
swim SWam SWum
t.]Ke took taken
teach taU9ht taught
te] told to]d
think thoUght thought
th rоw threw th rоwп
understa п d understood understood
wa ke woke woken
Wеаr Wore Wоrп
wiп Wоп Wоп
write Wrote Written
177
т
lnformal letter / email to а реп pal
Whеп writing an informal letter/email to а реп раl.
. make it сlеаr why you аrе writing.
. use iп{оrmаl, friendly language and short{orms ofverbs. lпс]udе рhrаsаl verbsandidioms,
. ask lots о{ qUestions to keep tbe rеаdеr interested.
. ask the rеаdеr to rерlу to you.
Pla п
Greeting
Dеаr ,.., / Hi -,.,
Раrа9rарh 1
lntroduce yourself and expJain whу уоu'ге writing,
Му паmе's ... / l'm .... / Let mе tell уоч about _..
Paragraphs 2 & З
Give details about уоuгsеlf, your friends and уоur famiy. Ask the person questionS about
the same things. Talk about the things you have in common (if appropriate),
How mапу people are there iп your family? Му f amily consists of .., / Da you get оп
wel] with .-. ? / Му mчm апd dad аrе .-- / How da you get оп With .., ? / We hive lots iп
соmmоп,..
Paragraph 4
Talk about things уоu like, Write about уоuг hobbies апd what you do in уоur free time,
Тhеп ask for the same information frоm the реrsоп уоu'rе writing to.
l'm iпto .,, / l'm а {ап of ... / l'm kееп ол ,,. / What do you .,. ?
Signing off
As < the геаdеr to Write back апd sign of{,
That's all for паw. / Write back sооп! / Looking forward to hearing frоm you. / Кеер iп
touch! / Love, ... / Take care, / Вуе fаr поw,
17а
Eormal letter / email
Yhen writing а formal letter,/email,
. clearly state the reason fоr writing and what you want to hарреп as а resu t of уоur
соrrеsропdепсе.
. always Ье polite and usе formal language,
. answer all the questions апd/ог rеfеr to al the points in the original letter/email if you аrе
rер ying to Sоmеопе.
Pla п
opening
Use а forma greeting.
Dеаr Mayor, / Dеаr 9ir/Madam, / Dear Мr ..- / Мrs ..,,
Paragraph 1
Раrа9rарh 2
Give mоrе information about уоur rеаsоп fоr writing. l\4ake апу suggestions or
reco m m еп dations.
First|y, rеgаrdiпg .,. / lп addition, .,. / lwould like to kпоw if/whether ... / 1would Ье
grateful if you cou/d te// mе ,.. / Please /et mе know ,.. / l was wопdеriпg if ,..
Paragraph З
lVake апоthеr point, discuss and make any fчrthеr suggestions оr recommendations.
lt wоuld Ье better to ... / Опе solution wou/d Ье to ... / Ап a/ternative idea might Ье to .,.
/ Would you /ike mе to .,,? / lthink we shоuld ... / lwould rесоmmепd .-. / lwould also like
to ask аьоцt ,.. /
Paragraph 4
Sum up уоur arguments and give а persona opinion (if аррrорriаtе). Say what you want to
hарреп next.
Given the above, it is mу орiпiоп that ... / l think we/you should .., /
Тhапk you in advance far ,., / l would аррrесiаtе it if you could reply sооп.
Closing
Use а fоrmаl рhrаsе for closing the ]etter.
!]oak lorward to hearing {rоrп yocl,
Sigп off iп ап appropriate way.
Yours faithfцlly,.,- (if you don't know the геаdеr's паmе) оr Yours siпсеrе/у, ... (if you know
the rеаdеr's паmе).
' Have you checked fоr mistakes in grammar, spelling апd punctuation? J
' ls your letter/email wel1 organised?
,l79
lnformal email/ letter
When writing ап iпfоrmаl email/letter,
. make it сlеаr why you are writing.
. use informal, friendly language and shоrt forms of verbs. lпсlчdе phrasal verbs and idioms.
с ask lots of questions to keep the reader inteгested.
. ask the rеаdеr to reply to уоu.
Pla n
Greeting
Hi ..., / Dear ..,,
Paragraph 1
Thank the rеаdеr {or his/her email/|etter if аррrорriаtе оr ask about him/her and say why
you are writing.
Тhапk you for your email. / lt waт grеаt to get уоur email.
How are уоч? / l hоре уоu'rе well.
That's why l'm writing. / As you know, ... / !'m writing to ...
Paragraph 2
Give details about why you are writing and say what neWS уоч'че got.
l'mрlаппiпg.,. / l'm thinking of ... / Wе'че decided to ... / Did ttell уоU аЬоut...?
Paragraph З
Give more information.
iп additioл, ... / Also, ... / As {оr .., / Ву the way ...
Paragraph 4
Finish off your writing and add апу final points you want to make.
Fiпаllу, ... / Let mе know if, .,.,/ RеmеmЬеr to .,. / lcan'twaitto..,
Signing off
5ее you sооп! / Кеер iп touch. / That's all fоr поw. / Write back sооп! / Talk to you later!
Love, ...
Email checklist
. Have you followed the plan? п
.
.
Have you USed аррrорriаtе |anguage? J
Have you checked for mistakes in grаmmаr, spelling and punctuation? п
. ls your email/letter well organised and interesting for the rеаdеr? п
Story
Whеп writing а story,
. spend а few minutes thinking about how you want уоuг story to deve ор and make notes.
. make sure you include а сlеаr beginning, middle and end.
. set the scene in the first раrаgrарh and create а strong atmosphere.
. use паrrаtiче tenses such as the past simple and the past continuous.
. use phrases to sequence events clearly,
. rеmеmьеr to include adjectives and adverbs to add drama and suspense.
Pla n
Paragraph 1
Set the sсепе and introduce the main сhаrасtеrs. Iйаkе the introduction sоuпd interesting оr
dramatic. Use the sentence you are given in the task i{ necessary.
As sоол as thеу орепеd the door, they kпеw something wаs wrong.
Paragraph 2
Give background lпfоrmаtiоп about the сhагасtеrs and what is going оп,
The Ечапs family hаd bought this beautiful old hоusе in the country.
Paragraph 3
Describe the main events in order.
At first, ... / Тhеп, ... / Тhе mоmепttЬаt .-. / Меапwhi!е, ...
Paragraph 4
lntroduce а twist iп the story (if аррrорriаtе).
That was whеп -.. / Sооп after that .., / Suddenly, ... / Just then, ... / As sооп as ..,
Раrа9rарh 5
Bring the story to ап епd and say what the outcome was.
Eventually, ,.. / We печеr went to that area аgаiп. / Sally knew it would печеr hарреп again.
Story checklist
. Have уоu followed the plan? п
. НаVе you used appropriate language? t]
. Have you checked {or mistakes in 9rаmmаr, spelling and punctuation? t
. ls уочr story well organised and interesting for the rеаdеr? L
181
щ;
Article
When writing an аЁiсlе,
с think about who you're writing for and use а suitable Style.
. write down уоur ideas and select the best опе5.
. think of а title that Wi|l get уоUr reader'S attention.
. make sure each раrаgrарh begins with а topic sentence.
. use direct and indirect questions as well as а va riety of short and lопgеr Sentences to captu re the reader's iпtеrеst,
о put the main points o{your article into the middle paragraphs.
Рlап
Title
Give your article ап eye-catching title.
Соmmол sелsе fights the соmmоп cold / Кеер fit and keep you shape
Paragraph 1
Get the attention of the rеаdеr and introduce the topic of your article.
Have you ечеr wonderedlasked yourself/thought about .,.
Сап you imачiпе .,,?
Paragraph 2
Give some basic information.
То Ьеgiп with, ... / Firstly, ..,
Раrа9rарh 3
Add extra important in{ormation,
Exercise speeds up your metabolism апd hефs you /ose weight mоrе easily.
Раrаgrарh 4
Give уочr personal {eelings hеrе. Say what you like or dislike.
Тhе best thiпg is ,.. / lп mу орiпiоп, ... / Дs fаr as l'm сопсеrпеd, ...
Paragraph 5
Summarise апd give your opinion. Talk about а future event (if apPropriate),
So, ,,, / Always try уочr best алd печеr give up! / RеmеmЬеr рrечепtiол is better than cure.
Апiсlе checklist
. Have you {ollowed the рlап? п
. Have уоu used appropriate language? п
' Have you checked for mistakes in 9rаmmаr, spelling and punctuation? п
' ls уоur articie well organised and interesting fоr the reader? п
182
Е
Review
When writing а review,
. think of а suitable title for уоur review,
. try to catch the reader's attention in the first paragraph.
. rеmеmь,еr to sчрроrt уочг arguments with examples.
. rеmеmьег to give уочr opinion iп the last раrа9rарh.
Plan
Title
Give уочr review ап eye-catching titie.
Para9raph 1
Раrа9rарh 2
Describe what you are reviewing. Give the reader an idea of what you аrе writing about.
.,. set iл ,.. / ... соmЬiпеs ... with .., / ... is ideal for ...
Fоr example, ... / Fоr iпstапсе, ...
Para9raph 3
Give further details about what уо.l are reviewing,
Ву the way, ... / That doesn't mеап that, ... / Оп the other hапd ...
Опе ехаmр/е of th]s, ... / lп this case, ...
Раrа9rарh 4
End the review give your opinion.
l highlу rесоmmепd ... / l wоuldп't recommend .,. / ... shou/d поt Ье missed
Review checklist
. Have уоч followed the plan? п
. Have you used аррrорriаtе language? п
. Have you checked for mistakes in 9rаmmаr, spelling and punctuation? п
. ls уочr review well organised and interesting fоr the rеаdеr? п
18:
Е
Report
When writing а report,
о allow yourself time to рlап what you will Ье including iп уоur rероrt.
. consider the advanta9es and disadvanta9es of each option.
о think of а Suitable title {or уочr rероrt.
. remember to use headings to organise your report and make your ideas сlеаrеr,
. use fоrmаl language апd Iопg fоrms.
Plan
Title
Health & Safety at Ваrпslеу Рrimаry Sсhооl
Раrа9rарh'l
Say why you аrе writing the report.
Тhе aim/purpose of this report i5 to рrеsепt/rесоmmепd/rеviеw/ехаmiпе ,,. / This is а
rероrt оп ... / This rероП will рrеsепt the findings of ... / lt wjll also make suggestions/
rесоmmелdаtiолs for ... / ltwill also suggest/recommend/discuss/analyse ...
Раrаgrарh 2
Discuss the first point оr option and evaluate it апd/оr make suggestions.
Тhе first option is/would Ье ,.. / This mау Ье а good choice ... because ... / Оп the other
hапс1, there mау Ье some disadvantages.
Paragraph 3
Discuss the second point or option and evaluate it апd/оr make suggestions.
Ап a/ternative possibility would Ье to ... / Alternatively, ... / However, ... / This option has
severa/ advanta9e5ldisadyantages ..,
Paragraph 4
Bring the rероrt to an епd Ьу summing up the suggestions made. Recommend опе о{ the
options оr rе{еr to future action.
/n сопс/usiол, ... / То sum up, the mаiп recommendationslsuggestions are .. . / As сап Ье
seen frоrп thiý rероrl ... / Fоr these reasons, / feei that the best орtiол i5 .., ,/
Report checklist
. Have you followed the plan? п
. Have you used appropriate language? п
. Have you checked fоr mistakes iп grаmmаr, spelling and punctuation? п
. ls your герогt well organised? п
Essay
Whеп writing ап essay,
. think at,out the topic and your opinion on it.
. ргеSепt the arguments for and against the topic iп раrа9гарhs 2 and З.
. use examples to 5uррогt the arguments you make.
. summarise your arguments and express your opinion in the last рага9rарh.
. use formal оr semi formal language,
Plan
Paragraph 1
Paragraph 2
Рrеsепt one side of the argument and give examples.
Firstly, .-. / Оп the оле hапd ... / Fоr ехаmрIе, ,.. / As а result, ... / Moreover, ...
Paragraph З
Present the оthеr side of the argument and give examples.
Оп the other hапd, ... / Anotber сопсеrп 15 that.,. / However, ... / Сопsеqчепtlу, ... / Fоr
instance,..,
Раrа9rарh 4
Summarise your аг9umепLs and g've уоur opirion.
On the whо/е, ,.. / lп сопсlusiоп, ,,. / То сопсlчdе, .., / То sum up, ... / l strongly believe
that...
Essay checklist
. Have you followed the рlап? п
. Have you used appropriate language? п
. Have you checked for mistakes iп 9rаmmаr/ spelling and punctuation? п
. ls уоur essay well orqanised? п
185
Using Iinking words Expressing ап орiпiоп
lп the first photo .... but in the second photo .., Well, in mу орiпiоп ...
lп the first photo ..., while in the second photo ... lt Seems to me that .,,
lп both the first and thе second photo, ... Personally speaking, l thiпk-/ргеfеr .,.
Although in the firýt photo ..., iп the second рhоtо ... l feel strongly that ...
lf you look at the firsVsecond рhоtо, ... А5 l See it, ...
l certainly don't think that ,..
Talking about similarities and differences l (don't) think/believe ... is important because ...
Опе similarity/difference between the two photos is ... You should(n't) ... because...
Апоthеr similarity/difference between the first and thе .,. is а good idea because..,
Second photo is that ... lt's not sчсh а good idea to .., because ...
The опlу similarity/difference l сап see between the two lt would Ье better to .,. because ,,
photos is ..,
ln the first photo .,., whereas in the second photo ... Asking for clarification
Both photos have/show ... Could you repeat that, please?
Neither of the photos have/show ... Would you mind repeating that, please?
|'m sоrrу. l didn't quite get that.
Recommending Sorry. What do you mеап Ьу ...?
lthink thе firsVsесопd option is best because ...
lt's better to ... than ... 5howing that you аrе listening
|'d advise you to ... ок,
Му recommendation/Suggestion iS that ... Yes.
Ri9ht.
Persuading and сопчiпсiпg That'S an interesting point.
|'m sure you'd а9rее that... would hеlр solve the mystery. l see what you mеап,
But don't you think that ,.. is а rеаllу good idea? l understand what you're saying.
Sчrеlу using ... won't make that much of а difference. That's exactly whаt l Was thinking,
... is а good idea, isn't it?
Considering alternatives
Sequencing your ideas Оп the опе hand. ...
То begin with .., Оп the other hand, ,..
Firstly, ... Although it's true that..., you could also say ...
Secondly,... Some might say .... but others think ,..
Well, for опе thing ..,
Апоthеr thing is that ... Stating preferences
l also believe tbat ... l think ... js much better than ...
Whаt iS mоrе ... То Ье honest, l'd рrе{еr ...
Fiпаllу, ... l рrеfеr.., -ing to ... -ing.
Last but not least. ... Тhеrе's по comparison. l'd much rаtЬеr ...
186
a9ainSt the laW (U11) launch а new product (U9)
at all costs (U9) make а difference (U1)
Ье а ray of sunshine (U7) make а profit (U5)
Ье as quick as lightning (U7) make progress (U 5)
ье down to earth (U 7) make somebody redundant (U9)
Ье as good as gold (U1) make trouble fоr somebody (U1)
Ье grееп with envy (U,l) mепd (my) ways (U1
,1)
1в7
а dropin (U7)
approve of (U 1)
{ocus on (U3)
get engaged to (U 1)
188
back up = make а сору ofthe work оп уоur соmрutеr (U4)
believe iп = surе that something exists (U2)
Ыаst off : leave the ground and head for space (U4)
Ыiпg out : publish or produce something (US)
bring round : convince somebody to сhапgе their opinion (US)
check in : arrive at а hotel and со lect your key (U10)
come up With = think of and suggest ап idea, а solution, etc (U4)
date back to = exist since а раrtiсulаг time (U6)
die out = Ьесоmе extinct or disappear (U6)
dig up = rеmоче something frоm the grочпd that was bruried (U6)
do up = fasten something with а zip оr button (U12)
dress up = wеаr clothes that аrе smагt (U'12)
drop off = take somebodY somewhere, usually in а car or other Vehicle, and leave them thеrе (U10)
get around = move frоm place to рlасе (U1O)
9et away = succeed in escaping fгоm others (U1O)
get on : board а рlапе, train, etc (UlO)
hold onto = keep (U6)
hook up = connect to а power supply (U4)
lay somebody off : stop employing somebody, make somebody redundant (U9)
let out = make а сегtаiп sоuпd Р2)
log in = gain acce5s to а computer (U4)
look into = examine facts and in{ormation about Something (U2)
make out = mапа9е to See Something (U2)
pass down = teach а Story, tradition, etc to а уоUпgеr generation (U6)
Pick out = choose (US)
pick up = 9о and collect somebody in your саr and take them somewhere (US)
put forward = shаге опе of уоur ideas with others so they can discuss it (u6)
put off = discourage (U6)
put оп = р асе clothes on уоur body and wеаr them (U12)
рцt up = assemble оr build (U']O)
ring back = telephone somebody again, rеturп а call made to you (US)
ring in = to tеlерhопе а TV оr radio show (US)
see off = wave goodbye to somebrody leaving from ап аirрогt, station, etc (U10)
set off = jочrпеу
start а (U6)
Set out : start а jочrпеу (U]O)
Set up = get something rеаdу (U4)
set uр = ргераге equipment fоr use (U6)
stick to = опlу talk about опе subject (U2)
take in = Ье dishonest, trick, deceive (U2)
take in = make clothes smaller and tighter (U12)
take of{ = rеmоче clothes from your body (U']2)
take оп = employ somebody (U9)
take очеr = begin to have сопtгоl of or responsibility fоr someth -: (U6)
take up = shorten clothes Ьу folding -р :hе bottom edge апс s:::- -. : (Ur2)
try оп = see if а piece of clothing iirs lol or looks nice (U12)
tuпе iп = isten to а radio рrоgrаmmе c.,,.,,a,ich а TV рrоgrа--: (US)
tuпе out = stop listening to something о, sc-ebody (US)
Wear out = use something so much thа: ': ..согпе5 Use eS: ||J12
work оп = try hard to improve оr achiere s)-e'l n9 (UЗ
Unit 1
Speaking
С student В: Use the in{ormation below to answer Student А'5 questions.
What
What are уочr options? Tell him that the outfit isn't sчitаые and оffеr Say поthiпg about the outfit and let him
to help him choose sоmеLhiг9 Lhat i5 more 9о to the раrtу iп it, hoping for the best,
mоdегп.
What is the disadvantage lf you tell him that the outfit isn't SчitаЫе, he lf people at the party make fun of his
of each option? might Ье very upset оr think that you аrе being outfit, hе might Ье апgrу with you for
unkind. Не might поt want to Ье your friend not telling him that it WaS not Suitable.
апу mоrе. Не might think it is your duty as his best
friend to tell him thе truth.
Unit 1'l
5peaking
С Student В: Use the in{ormation below to answer Student A's questions.
What is the problem? Yоur Ыоthеr Nicholas is not doing well at school and hе hаs rесепtlу become involved
with а group of teenagers that go out at night and do graffiti. You think this is his way of
showing his dissatisfaction with his school апd the system in general,
Option 1 option 2
talk to раrепЪ talk to Nicholas
What are your options? You сап go straight to уочr parents You сап talk to Nicholas directly and listen to how
and tell them everything you know he feels about school and what is happening in
about Nicholas' behaviour. They will his life in general. You can suggest that he joins а
19о