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What is Cold Isostatic Pressing (CIP)?

CIP, Cold Isostatic Pressing, is one of material processing methods.

It makes use of the principle "A change in the pressure of an enclosed incompressible fluid is conveyed undiminished to every part of the fluid and
to the surface of its container." proposed by the French scientist Blaise Pascal. Powder materials are sealed in a forming mold with low deformation
resistance like a rubber bag to apply liquid pressure. Then, the molded body is compressed uniformly over its entire surface by transmitting the
liquid pressure.

Metal mold pressing is very similar to CIP. In this pressing method, as shown in the figure below, powder materials are filled into a space enclosed
by the metal mold and the lower punch. Then, they are compressed by narrowing the distance between the upper and lower punches.

Metal mold pressing equipment for industrial use has a series of automated processes from powder filling to removal of a molded body. Single-acting
pressing shown in the figure below compresses powder into a shape with the lower punch fixed. The lower part of the molded body will have lower
density than its upper part due to the frictions between the powder and the metal mold or the punch, and among powder particles.

Difference between CIP and Metal Mold Pressing

In principle, they have different pressurization processes. CIP applies isostatic pressure to materials
using liquid pressure, while metal mold pressing applies only uniaxial pressure. Therefore, CIP can
produce a product with a uniform density and homogeneity due to no frictions with a metal mold. The
right figure compares the density distribution of two products molded by CIP and metal mold pressing
respectively.

Reference: Textbook for the 1st Technical

Lecture on the Latest Powder Metallurgy by
Nobuyasu Kawai (1983)

Types of CIP Processing

The CIP molding methods are classified into two types; the wet bag process and the dry bag process, according to the relationship between a
forming mold for filling powder and a pressure medium for transmitting pressure.

Wet Bag Process

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This method is suitable for various kinds of small-quality production for complicated-shape or large-scale products and trial production research.
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There are two structural types: the external pressurization type shown in the left figure below, which pressurize the pressure medium into the
pressure vessel from outside, and the piston direct pressurization type shown in the right figure below, which directly pressurizes the pressure
medium sealed inside the high-pressure vessel with a piston installed instead of the top closure.

Dry Bag Process

Dry Bag process is a method to mold powder filled in a forming rubber mold, as shown in the figure below, by transmitting pressure through a
pressing rubber mold in the high-pressure vessel. This method is suitable for mass production of simple and limited variety of products with its
labor-saving automatic operation.

The Dry Bag process is classified into two systems: the circumferential + axial pressurization system (Left) and the circumferential pressurization
system (Right) as shown in the figures below respectively.

The circumferential + axial pressurization system applies pressure from the outer surfaces of the mold and the top surface of the cap-shaped
pressing rubber mold as shown in the left figure below.

The circumferential pressurization system applies pressure only from the outer surfaces of the forming rubber mold through a cylindrical pressing
rubber mold as shown in the right figure below. However, due to the fluid-like property of the powder, the pressure applied to the green compact is
almost equal to isostatic pressure.

What is Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP)? What is Cold Isostatic Pressing (CIP)? Food Technologies under High Pressuer

Visit here for Hot lsostatic Pressing(HIP)

We welcome your questions about our ultra high pressure equipment and high temperature, high pressure technologies.
Engineering Section
Heavy Machinery Department
Machinery Business
Kobe Steel, Ltd.
TEL:+81-3-5739-6762
(10 a.m. to 5 p.m. on Weekdays)

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