09.talak & Tahlil by Prof. Dr. Muhammad Asadullah Al-Ghalib

0 ZvjvK I Zvnjxj 0
www.ahlehadeethbd.org
Contents
1 ZvjvK I Zvnjxj 1
ZvjvK I Zvnjxj
gynv¤§v` Avmv`yj−vn Avj-Mvwje
nv`xQ dvD‡Êkb evsjv‡`k
Contents
2 ZvjvK I Zvnjxj 2
ZvjvK I Zvnjxj
cÖKvkK
nv`xQ dvD‡Êkb evsjv‡`k
bI`vcvov, ivRkvnx-6203
nv.dv.ev. cÖKvkbv-9
†dvb I d¨v· : 0721-861365

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1g cÖKvk
whjK¡` 1421 wn./†deª“qvix 2001 L„.
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\ me©¯^Z¡ cÖKvk‡Ki \
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30 (wÎk) UvKv gvÎ|
TALAQ O TAHLEEL by Dr. Muhammad Asadullah Al-

Ghalib. Professor of Arabic, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh.
Published by: HADEETH FOUNDATION BANGLADESH.
Nawdapara, Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Ph. & Fax : 88-0721-861365.
Mob. 01770-800900. E-mail : tahreek@ymail.com. Web : www.
ahlehadeethbd.org
Contents
3 ZvjvK I Zvnjxj 3
m~PxcÎ ($%&)
welq c„ôv
1. †jL‡Ki f~wgKv 5
2. Bmjv‡g ZvjvK weavb 7
3. kv‡b byh~j 8
4. Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨v 9
5. Bmjv‡g weev‡ni weavb 9
6. wewfbœ a‡g© ZvjvK 12
7. Bn~`x‡ì wbK‡U ZvjvK 12
8. wLªóvb‡ì wbK‡U ZvjvK 13
9. wn›`y a‡g© ZvjvK 13
10. Rv‡njx hy‡Mi ZvjvK 14
11. Bmjv‡gi ZvjvK weavb 15
12. ivRÔC Zvjv‡Ki c×wZ mg~n 15
13. mybœx I we`ÔAvZx ZvjvK 18
14. †Lvjv 21
15. Zvjv‡K ev‡qb 25
16. BÏZ 26
17. BÏZ cvjb Kivi Kj¨vYKvwiZv 26
18. BÏ‡Zi cÖKvi‡f` 27
19. Awm× ZvjvK 27
20. 1. †µvavÜ Ae¯’vi ZvjvK 27
21. 2. cvMj, gvZvj ev AcÖK…wZ¯’ Ae¯’vi ZvjvK 28
22. 3. hei`w¯— ZvjvK 28
23. Dcmsnvi 30
Contents
4 ZvjvK I Zvnjxj 4
24. Zvnjxj 32
25. Zvnjxj-Gi ûKzg 35
26. `~ieZ©x Zvexj mg~n 37
27. Zvnjxj-Gi KviY 38
28. mg‡SvZvi weavb 38
29. GKwÎZ wZb ZvjvK ch©v‡jvPbv 40
30. 1g c‡¶i `jxj mg~n 40
31. 2q c‡¶i `jxj mg~n 42
32. Lyjvdv‡q iv‡k`x‡bi BRwZnv` ch©v‡jvPbv 46
33. Beby AveŸvm (ivt)-Gi ivq ch©v‡jvPbv 48
34. hyw³i `jxj 48
35. we`ÔAvZx Zvjv‡Ki c‡¶ hyw³ mg~n 50
36. Pvi Bgv‡gi cÖwZ m¤^Ü ch©v‡jvPbv 58
37. 3q c‡¶i `jxj mg~n 60
38. 4_© c‡¶i `jxj mg~n 61
39. mvwe©K ch©v‡jvPbv 66
40. GKwU wePv‡ii bgybv 68
41. Dcmsnvi 69
42. wd‡i Pjyb KziAvb I mybœvn&i w`‡K 69
43. GK bh‡i wZb ZvjvK I wnj−v 71
Contents
5 ZvjvK I Zvnjxj 5
() *+ (,-
* 9,:;* 9< .+* 6! 1
0 " 2 .+ 3(* 45* 6!&* 7 !8
: !* ! 3 => ?(&@ AB,C
†jL‡Ki f~wgKv ( ./ 0)

nvwm-Kvbœv, myL-`ytL, Avb›`-welv`, wgjb I we‡”Q` gvbe Rxe‡bi
Awe‡”Q`¨ mv_x| mewKQz‡K mgš^q K‡iB gvbyl Zvi P~ovš— wVKvbvi
w`‡K GwM‡q P‡j| Gfv‡e Pjvi c‡_ Zvi Rxeb PvKv hv‡Z c_ nvwi‡q
MwZnxb n‡q bv c‡o, †mRb¨ m„wóKZ©v I cvjbKZ©v Avj−vn&i c¶ nÕ‡Z
wQiv‡Z gy¯v— K¡x‡gi mywbw`©ó c_wb‡`©k †cÖwiZ n‡q‡Q| †mB c_wb‡`©k ev
†n`vqvZ †g‡b Pj‡j Rxe‡bi Mvox mwVK c‡_ Pj‡e| bB‡j c_åó
n‡q aŸsm n‡e| gvby‡li cvwievwiK Rxeb `yÕRb A‡Pbv bvix-cyi“‡li
mgš^‡q M‡o I‡V| Avj−vn&i Ac~e© m„wó †KŠk‡ji Kvi‡Y ¯^vgx-¯¿xi g‡a¨
†cÖg I fv‡jvevmvi eÜb my`„p nq| Avi Zvi gva¨‡g gvby‡li esk e„w×
nq| e¯‘Zt m„wói ¯^vfvweK MwZ nÕj †mUvB| wKš‘ KL‡bv KL‡bv
†mLv‡b †`Lv †`q we‡f`| hvi cwiYwZ‡Z Av‡m we‡”Q`| †hwU Avj−vn&i
Kvg¨ bq| wKš‘ wZwb †mUv nÕ‡Z †`b Ab¨‡ì wk¶v nvwQ‡ji Rb¨ Ges
gvby‡li ¯^vaxb B”Qvkw³ I Zvi my¯’ Áv‡bi cix¶v †bIqvi Rb¨|
Avj−vn&i Acm›`bxq e¯‘ mg~‡ni Ab¨Zg nÕj ¯^vgx-¯¿xi we‡”Q` ev
ÔZvjvKÕ eë¯’v| wKš‘ wZwb ZvjvK‡K wm× K‡i‡Qb Ges Zvi Rb¨
wbw`©ó wbqgvejx cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb| †mB wbq‡gi evB‡i †M‡jB †`Lv †`q
wecwË I wek„sLjv| cÖ‡Z¨K wµqviB GKUv cÖwZwµqv _v‡K| ZvjvK I
Zvnjxj Agwbfv‡e `yÕwU wµqv I cÖwZwµqvi bvg| wZb ZvjvK wZb
gv‡m bv w`‡q GK gRwj‡m wZb ZvjvK ev‡qb †Ìqvi cÖwZwµqvq m„wó
n‡q‡Q nvivg‡K nvjvj Kivi †bvsiv †KŠkj wnmv‡e ÔZvnjxjÕ ev wnj−v
Contents
6 ZvjvK I Zvnjxj 6
cÖ_v| Rv‡njx hy‡Mi Avieiv G KvR KiZ| Bmjvg G‡m Zv wbwl×

K‡i| A_P D¤§‡Zi wKQz weØv‡bi e¨w³MZ gZvg‡Zi Dci wfwË K‡i
†mB †d‡j Avmv Rv‡nwjqvZ cybivq gymwjg mgv‡R cÖ‡ek K‡i‡Q| hv
A`¨vewa wU‡K Av‡Q Bmjv‡gi bv‡g †Kej gvhnvex †Muvovgxi Kvi‡Y|
d‡j AmsL¨ gymwjg bvix-cyi“l AvR GB Ab¨vq I AZ¨vPvix cÖ_vi
Amnvq wkKvi n‡”Q| e¶gvb wbe‡Ü Avgiv G wel‡q ms‡¶‡c
Av‡jvPbv †ck K‡iwQ| hv‡Z gvbyl Rvb‡Z cv‡i †h, cÖPwjZ Ôwnj−vÕ
cÖ_v KL‡bvB Bmjvgx cÖ_v bq| GwU †mªd GKwU Rv‡njx KycÖ_v gvÎ|
hvi g~‡jvrcvUb Kiv cÖ‡Z¨K gywg‡bi Avï KiYxq|1
1. D‡j−L¨ †h, 2000 mv‡ji 2iv wW‡m¤î bIMuv †hjvi Ôe`jMvwQÕ _vbvi ÔPKAvwZ_vÕ MÖv‡g
wnj−v-i GKwU NUbv N‡U| hv wb‡q †`ke¨vcx †Zvjcvo m„wó nq| nvB‡KvU© Ôwnj−vÕmn
mKj cÖKv‡ii drIqv A‰ea I `Êbxq Aciva e‡j ivq †`b (wiU Av‡e`b bs
5897/2000, ivq 1.1.2001 Bs)| G mgq Avgiv Avgv‡ì e³e¨ Zz‡j awi Ges Zv
cÎ-cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ nq| AZtci ÔZvjvKÕ I Ôwnj−v cÖ_vÕ bv‡g gvwmK AvZ-ZvnixK
M‡elYv cwÎKvi 4_© el© 5g msL¨vq †deª“qvix 2001-†q Ôì‡m KziAvbÕ I Ôì‡m
nv`xQÕ Kjv‡g Avgv‡ì `yÕwU wbeÜ cÖKvwkZ nq| eZ©gvb cyw¯—KvwU g~jZt D³
wbeÜØ‡qi mgwó gvÎ| `yf©vM¨, Gic‡iI †`‡k Ôwnj−vÕ Pj‡Q| hv cÖvqB cÎ-cwÎKvq
Av‡m| m‡PZb gywgb‡ì DwPZ Gi wei“‡× me©Î †mv”Pvi nIqv| -†jLK|
Contents
7 ZvjvK I Zvnjxj 7
Bmjv‡g ZvjvK weavb

(12 3
(4))
Avj−vn e‡jb,
?R OK AE S K UT :H G 2K *G ?P G(&E @HH VI EH ( E CG *E OK Q
P *E F E 8G H JI G(E @H$K ?H GCL G MF K -N
2N OK AE F_R YH ?R @H$K 7
H G *E !F &F G8E ]H F 2N OK K$G^L ?KO 2N >H Z[E\G L
F E 8F FECG< L8H *E XS YF WR CG
K $K 7 H F *E !F &F bG .R CH 9H H aE !G G$R G8E$H G8BH E.K+G ` G G F K $K 7 H G *E !F &F G8E]H F
g(eef 4],) ?K E 8F HNc AF
F b G [HdK*E WS$K 7
H G *E !F &F !L G GL G *G G
*E !F GE CG

K $K GB]K .NhK ?R @H$K 6F G EiK Z E*jG VG H ECG L&G !F E G E H 9F K UT : H CG
K $K GB]K .NhK ?R @H$K
7
H F *E !F &F bG .R CH*G 7 H G *E !F &F G8E]H l ?KO LkK ?R >H G G GGL ?KO G8BH E.K+G ` G G F
g(eno 4],) ?K E 8F .KE L 3P E ]K H GBFm,GF
Abyev` : ÔZvjvK nÕj `yÕevi| AZtci nq Zv‡K b¨vqvbyMfv‡e †i‡L
w`‡e, bq m`vPi‡Yi mv‡_ cwiZ¨vM Ki‡e| Avi Zv‡ì‡K †Zvgiv hv
wKQz w`‡qQ, Zv †_‡K wKQz †dir †bIqv †Zvgv‡ì Rb¨ wm× bq| Z‡e
hw` Zviv Avj−vn&i wba©vwiZ mxgv wVK ivL‡Z cvi‡e bv e‡j AvksKv
K‡i| G¶‡Y hw` †Zvgiv fq Ki †h Zviv Avj−vn&i wba©vwiZ mxgv wVK
ivL‡Z cvi‡e bv, ZvnÕ‡j ¯¿x wKQz wewbgq w`‡j Zv MÖn‡Y Df‡qi †Kvb
†`vl †bB|2 GUvB Avj−vn&i mxgv‡iLv| AZGe †Zvgiv Zv AwZµg
K‡iv bv| hviv Avj−vn&i mxgv‡iLv mg~n AwZµg K‡i, Zviv nÕj
mxgvjsNbKvixÕ (evK¡vivn 2/229)|
ÔAZtci hw` †m ¯¿x‡K (Z…Zxq) ZvjvK †`q, ZvnÕ‡j †m hZ¶Y Zv‡K
e¨ZxZ Ab¨ ¯^vgx MÖnY bv K‡i, ZZ¶Y D³ ¯¿x Zvi Rb¨ wm× n‡e bv|
AZtci hw` D³ ¯^vgx Zv‡K ZvjvK †`q, ZLb Zv‡ì Df‡qi cybivq
2. A_©vr weevn wew”Qbœ Kivi Rb¨ ¯¿x hw` ¯^vgx‡K †gvnivbv †dir †`q, Zv‡Z †Kvb †`vl
†bB| G‡K Ô†LvjvÕ ev Ôwdm‡L wbKvnÕ e‡j|
Contents
8 ZvjvK I Zvnjxj 8
wd‡i Avmvq †Kvb †`vl †bB, hw` Zviv g‡b K‡i †h, Zviv Avj−vn&i
mxgv‡iLv eRvq ivL‡Z cvi‡e| G¸wj Avj−vn&i mxgv‡iLv| hv wZwb
Ávbx m¤cÖ`v‡qi Rb¨ eY©bv K‡i _v‡KbÕ (evK¡vivn 2/230)|
Dc‡iv³ AvqvZ `yÕwU‡Z ?H GCL G M
F
K -N ÔZvjvK nÕj `yÕeviÕ A_© Zvjv‡K
ivRÔC `yÕevi| hvi ci BÏ‡Zi g‡a¨ ¯¿x‡K †dir †bIqv hvq| Gi
e¨vL¨vq BmjvwgK dvD‡Êkb e‡j‡Q, ÔGB ZvjvKÕ A_© †h Zvjv‡Ki ci
ÔBÏ‡Zi g‡a¨ B”Qv Kwi‡j ¯¿x‡K cybtMÖnY Kiv hvq, GLv‡b †mB
ÔZvjvK ivRÔC-i K_v ejv nBqv‡Q (H, e½vbyev`, UxKv-158)| Ôwb®K…wZ
cvB‡Z Pvwn‡jÕ A_© ÔgniÕ A_ev wKQz A_©-m¤ú‡ì wewbg‡q ¯¿x ¯^vgxi
wbKU ZvjvK Pvwn‡Z cv‡i| kixÔAv‡Zi cwifvlvq Bnv‡K ÔLyjvÕ e‡jÕ
(UxKv-159)| ÔAZtci hw` †m ZvjvK †`qÕ A_© `yB Zvjv‡Ki ci Z…Zxq
ZvjvK w`‡j ¯^vgx ¯¿x‡K cybtMÖnY Kwi‡Z cv‡i bv (UxKv-160)|3
kv‡b byh~j (0%5 6 78 9) :
R‰bK AvbQvi e¨w³ GK`v ivMvwš^Z n‡q Zvi ¯¿x‡K e‡j, Avj−vn&i
Kmg! †Zvgv‡K Avwg KL‡bvB Avkªq †è bv Ges wew”QbœI Kie bv|
¯¿x ejj, wKfv‡e? †jvKwU ejj, †Zvgv‡K ZvjvK †è| Zvici BÏZ
†kl nIqvi Av‡MB †Zvgv‡K wdwi‡q †be| Gfv‡e Pj‡Z _vK‡e| ZLb
D³ gwnjv ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû ÔAvjvB‡n Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi wbK‡U G‡m
Awf‡hvM K‡i| GgZve¯’vq AÎ AvqvZ bvwhj nq|4
ÔAvgi web gynvwRi ¯^xq wcZv nÕ‡Z eY©bv K‡ib †h, Avmgv web‡Z
Bqvhx` AvbQvix me©cÖ_g ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi hvgvbvq ZvjvK cÖvßv
nb| †m mgq Zvjv‡Ki †Kvb BÏZ wQj bv| ZLb Avj−vncvK
BÏZKvj eY©bv K‡i (Dc‡iv³) AvqvZ bvwhj K‡ib (Avey`vE`
3. e½vbyev` Avj-KziAvbyj Kixg (XvKv : BmjvwgK dvD‡Êkb evsjv‡`k cÖKvkbv-2,

7g gy`ªY 1983) c„. 57|
4. wZiwghx nv/1192; nv‡Kg nv/3106; Zvdmxi Beby Rvixi, KziZzex nv/1210; Beby
Avex nv‡Zg, Beby KvQxi cÖf„wZ|
Contents
9 ZvjvK I Zvnjxj 9
nv/2281)| Beby KvQxi (int) e‡jb, evK¡vivn 229 I 230 AvqvZ

bvwh‡ji ci Bmjv‡gi cÖv_wgK Ae¯’vq BÏZ wenxb Zvjv‡Ki wbqg
evwZj Kiv nq| H mgq BÏ‡Zi g‡a¨ kZevi ZvjvK w`‡jI ¯¿x
wew”Qbœ nÕZ bv| Zv‡Z ¯¿xiv ¶wZMÖ¯— nÕZ| AZtci AÎ AvqvZ bvwhj
K‡i Avj−vn Zvjv‡Ki msL¨v wZ‡b mxwgZ K‡i †`b| GgZve¯’vq ¯^vgx
cÖ_gevi Ges wØZxqevi ¯¿x‡K wdwi‡q †bIqvi Z_v ivRÔAvZ Kivi
my‡hvM †cZ| wKš‘ Z…Zxqevi ZvjvK w`‡j cy‡ivcywi wew”Qbœ n‡q †hZ|
†hgb Dc‡iv³ AvqvZØ‡q ejv n‡q‡Q (Zvdmxi Beby KvQxi)|
Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨v (0%5 :,;) :
AÎ AvqvZØ‡q Bmjv‡gi ZvjvK weavb ms‡¶‡c ¯úófv‡e ewY©Z
n‡q‡Q| Rv‡njx Avi‡e gwnjv‡ì wb‡q wQwbwgwb †Ljv nÕZ| Zv‡ì‡K
wbh©vZ‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ evievi ZvjvK †Ìqv nÕZ I wdwi‡q †bIqv nÕZ|
d‡j gwnjv‡ì Bh&h‡Zi myi¶v, Zv‡ì Dci wbh©vZb eÜ Ges bvix-
cyi“‡li wPiš—b cvwievwiK Rxe‡b w¯’wZkxjZv Avbq‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨
Avj−vn&i c¶ nÕ‡Z P~ovš— ZvjvK weavb †b‡g Av‡m| †hLv‡b e‡j
†Ìqv nq †h, ZvjvK w`‡e VvÊv gv_vq †f‡e-wP‡š— `yÕgv‡m `yÕevi|
Gici Z…Zxq gv‡m Z„Zxq ZvjvK w`‡j P~ovš—fv‡e weevn we‡”Q` N‡U
hv‡e| G¶‡Y Zvjv‡Ki Av‡jvPbvi c~‡e© Avgiv Bmjv‡gi `„wó‡Z
weev‡ni ¸i“Z¡ m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvKcvZ Kie|-
Bmjv‡g weev‡ni weavb
(12 3 <4" (4))
Avw` wcZv Av`g (Avt)-Gi cuvRi †_‡K Avj−vncvK Zvi †Rvov wnmv‡e
¯¿x ÔnvIqvÕ‡K m„wó K‡ib|5 †mLvb †_‡K ¯^vgx-¯¿xi gva¨‡g c„w_ex‡Z
gvby‡li eskavivi we¯—…wZ ïi“ nq (wbmv 4/1)| hv A`¨vewa Pjgvb
i‡q‡Q| cweÎ KziAv‡b Avj−vn cvK †bKKvi bvix-cyi“l‡K weevn eÜ‡b
Ave× nIqvi wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb Ges e‡j‡Qb, hw` Zviv wbt¯^ nq, Z‡e
5. eyLvix nv/3331, 3330; gymwjg nv/1468; wgkKvZ nv/3238 ÔweevnÕ Aa¨vq|
Contents
10 ZvjvK I Zvnjxj 10
Avj−vn wbR AbyMÖ‡n Zv‡ì‡K Afvegy³ K‡i w`‡eb| Avj−vn cÖvPzhg© q,

me©ÁÕ (b~i 24/32)| G‡Z eySv hvq †h, weev‡ni Rb¨ `vwi`ª¨ †Kvb evav
bq Ges abx nIqv kZ© bq| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡jb, H G p
H G,
L G
G E G G
H 5
G ,G.R H v
l iK OK 9F "L@H$K t
E *L uG GG.R $K 4K sr G,R AF S EH q
G K-GE Ô†n hye‡Kiv! †Zvgv‡ì
g‡a¨ hv‡ì mvg_©¨ Av‡Q, Zviv †hb weevn K‡i| †Kbbv GwU P¶z
AvbZKvix I j¾v¯’v‡bi †ndvhZKvixÕ|6 GLv‡b Ômvg_©¨Õ ej‡Z fiY-
†cvl‡Yi mvg_©¨ Ges †hŠb mvg_©¨ `yÕwU‡KB eySvq| wØZxqwU bv _vK‡j
ev Î“wUc~Y© _vK‡j, my¯’ bv nIqv ch©š— Zv‡K Aek¨B weevn †_‡K weiZ
_vKv KZ©e¨| Ab¨ nv`x‡Q weevn‡K ÔØx‡bi Aa©vskÕ ejv n‡q‡Q|7
Avj−vn weevn eÜb‡K Zuvi Ab¨Zg wb`k©b wnmv‡e eY©bv K‡i‡Qb (iƒg
30/21)| wZwb GB eÜb‡K ÔKwVb eÜbÕ (c Z E.HiK ZwKxEH ) wnmv‡e AwfwnZ
K‡i‡Qb (wbmv 4/21)|
Bmjv‡g gywgb I Kvwd‡i weevn wbwl× (evK¡vivn 2/221)| ivm~jj y v− n
(Qvt) e‡jb, bvix‡K weevn Kiv nq Zvi PviwU ¸Y †`‡L| Zvi m¤ú`,
esk gh©v`v, †mŠ›`h© I Øxb| G¸wji g‡a¨ Øxb‡K AMÖvwaKvi `vI|
bB‡j Zzwg Kj¨vY †_‡K ewÂZ n‡eÕ|8 wZwb e‡jb, Ô`ywbqv GKwU
m¤ú` Ges Zvi †kªô m¤ú` nÕj cyYëZx ¯¿xÕ|9 weev‡ni Rb¨ Ajx I
`yÕRb b¨vqevb mv¶x Acwinvh©| bB‡j weevn evwZj n‡eÕ|10 †Kvb bvix
wb‡R weevn Ki‡e bv ev KvD‡K weevn w`‡e bv|11 weev‡ni mgq ¯¿xi
Rb¨ †gvnivbv dih (wbmv 4/4)| hv ¯^vgx‡K Aek¨B w`‡Z n‡e|
6. eyLvix nv/5065; gymwjg nv/1400; wgkKvZ nv/3080 ÔweevnÕ Aa¨vq|

7. H E!m y
G 5E "H UK 8G R GE !H ]K $K t G *L uG CG E G Z¡vevivYx AvImvZ¡ nv/7647; evqnvK¡x ïÔAveyj
Cgvb nv/5486; wgkKvZ nv/3096 ÔweevnÕ Aa¨vq-13, cwi‡”Q`-3; Qnxnvn nv/625|
8. eyLvix nv/5090; gymwjg nv/1466; wgkKvZ nv/3082|
9. S :
G HL5 4S OKE 8G R G"E!l q
H GG F EYG *G q
I GG G"E!l gymwjg nv/1467 Avãyj−vn web ÔAvgi
nÕ‡Z; wgkKvZ nv/3083 ÔweevnÕ Aa¨vq-13, cwi‡”Q`-1|
10. Qnxn Beby wneŸvb nv/4075; evqnvK¡x nv/13496, 7/125|
11. Beby gvRvn nv/1882; wgkKvZ nv/3137|
Contents
AZtci `yÕR‡b wg‡j msmvi Mo‡e I mš—vb cvjb Ki‡e Ges mgv‡Ri
kvwš— I Dbœq‡b Ae`vb ivL‡e| ¯^vgx Zvi ¯¿x I mš—vb‡ì fiY-
†cvl‡Yi `vwqZ¡kxj Ges ¯¿x Zvi ¯^vgxi mš—vb I msmv‡ii `vwqZ¡kxj|
cÖ‡Z¨‡K ¯^ ¯^ `vwqZ¡ m¤ú‡K© Avj−vn&i wbKU wRÁvwmZ n‡eÕ|12 †eMvbv
bvix I cyi“‡li Rb¨ ci¯ú‡i c`©v dih| mgvR Rxe‡b Df‡q Df‡qi
cÖwZ `„wó AebZ ivL‡eÕ (b~i 24/30-31)|
Bmjv‡g weev‡ni †¶‡Î Av‡iKwU hiƒix welq i‡q‡Q| †mwU nÕj
weev‡ni ÔLyrevÕ| hv GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© mybœvZ|13 hvi gva¨‡g KziAv‡bi
AvqvZ I nv`xQ ïbv‡bv nq Ges hvi gva¨‡g Dfq‡K wPi¯’vqx GK
cweÎ eÜ‡b Ave× Kivi wel‡q Dcw¯’Z Dfqc‡¶i `vwqZ¡kxj
AwffveKe„›` QvovI m„wóKZ©v Avj−vn&‡K mv¶¨ ivLv nq| hwÌ GwU
†Kvb AvBbx mv¶¨ bq, wKš‘ GwU A`„k¨ Gjvnx mv¶¨| hvi ¸i“Z¡
Cgvb`vi ¯^vgx-¯¿xi wbK‡U `ywbqvi mewKQzi PvB‡Z †ekx| hvi Abyfw~ Z
Df‡qi ü`‡qi Mfx‡i †cÖvw_Z nq Ges Dfq‡K my‡L-`y‡L, wec‡`-
Avc‡` msmvi Rxe‡bi Uvbv‡cv‡o‡b me©`v nvwm-Kvbœvi mv_x wnmv‡e
AUzU HK¨ I fvjevmv eRvq †i‡L `v¤úZ¨ Rxeb AwZevwnZ Ki‡Z
DØy× K‡i|
Bmjvg bvix-cyi“‡li weevn eÜb‡K GKwU cweÎ eÜb wnmv‡e we‡ePbv
K‡i| GB eÜ‡bi cweÎZvi Dc‡i Zvi fwel¨r eskavivi cweÎZv
wbf©i K‡i| Gi wfwË‡Z Zvi mnvq-m¤úwËi DËivwaKvi wbY©xZ nq
(wbmv 4/11)| weev‡ni ci ¯^vgx-¯¿xi gva¨‡g m„wó nq AvMZ mš—vb‡ì
bZzb eskaviv| ¯^vgx-¯¿x ZLb wcZv-gvZv wnmv‡e Zv‡ì mš—vb‡ì
Awffve‡K cwiYZ nb| Amnvq KwP ev”Pv‡ì jvjb-cvjb I Zv‡ì
Rxe‡bi DbœwZB ZLb evc-gv‡qi cÖavb wPš—vi welq n‡q `vuovq| ¯^vgx-
¯¿xi fvjevmvi m¤ú‡K©i cvkvcvwk ZLb Av‡iKwU †mœ‡ni †mZzeÜb
iwPZ nq| GKw`‡K ¯^vgx-¯¿xi wbweo †cÖ‡gi eÜb, Ab¨w`‡K mš—vb‡ì

13. Avey`vE` nv/2118; Avngv` nv/3720; wZiwghx nv/1105; wgkKvZ nv/3149|
Contents
cÖwZ Df‡qi AcZ¨ †mœ‡ni Awfbœ AvKl©Y| Gfv‡e ¯^vgx-¯¿xi Rxeb

n‡q I‡V GKK j‡¶¨ I Awfbœ ¯^v‡_© fv¯î, gnxqvb I MwZgq|
BnKv‡j Zv‡ì msmvi nq †mœn-fvjevmvq Avc−yZ I cvi¯úwiK gvqvi
eÜ‡b Ave× Ges ciKv‡j Zv‡ì Rxeb nq Avj−vn&i cwi‡Zvl jv‡f
ab¨ I Rvbœv‡Zi evwMPvq m¤¢vwlZ| Bmjvg ZvB weev‡ni GB cweÎ
eÜb‡K mva¨c‡¶ wUwK‡q ivL‡Z Pvq|
wKš‘ GB my›ì Bmjvgx cwiev‡iI A‡bK mgq AbvKvw•LZ Kvi‡Y
fvOb †`Lv †`q| ZLb Df‡qi g‡a¨ we‡”Q` Acwinvh© n‡q c‡o|
GgZve¯’vq Bmjvg Zv‡ì c„_K nIqvi f‡`ªvwPZ cš’vmg~n Db¥y³
†i‡L‡Q| GgbwK cieZ©x‡Z Df‡qi g‡a¨ cybivq weevwnZ nIqvi
my‡hvM †i‡L‡Q| G¶‡Y Avgiv wewfbœ a‡g© ZvjvK I Bmjv‡gi ZvjvK
weavb m¤ú‡K© Zzjbvg~jK Av‡jvPbv †ck Kie|-
wewfbœ a‡g© ZvjvK
(? @ =%> 3
)
Bn~`x‡ì wbK‡U ZvjvK (>A "B
) :
Bn~`x‡ì wbK‡U †Kvb Ihi QvovB ¯¿x‡K ZvjvK †Ìqv P‡j| †hgb
AwaK my›ìx bvixi cÖwZ AvK…ó n‡q| Z‡e GUv‡K Zviv fv‡jv g‡b K‡i
bv| Zv‡ì wbK‡U MÖnY‡hvM¨ Ihi ev Î“wU nÕj `yÕai‡bi : (K) ˆ`wnK
Î“wU| †hgb †Pv‡L Kg †`Lv, †PvL †Uiv nIqv, gyL `yM©Ühy³ nIqv, wcV
Kzu‡Rv nIqv, j¨vsov nIqv, eÜ¨v nIqv BZ¨vw`| (L) PwiÎMZ Î“wU|
†hgb †ekig nIqv, ev‡R K_v ejv, Acwi”Qbœ _vKv, K…cY I K‡Vvi
cÖK…wZi nIqv, Aeva¨ nIqv, AcPqKvwiYx nIqv, †jvfx I †cUzK
nIqv, wg_¨v wel‡q `vw¤¢K nIqv BZ¨vw`| Z‡e †hbv nÕj Zv‡ì wbKU
me‡P‡q eo Î“wU| GRb¨ †Kej †hbvi cÖPvi nIqvB h‡_ó| cÖgv‡Yi
ìKvi †bB| c¶vš—‡i ¯^vgxi hZ Î“wUB _vKzK bv †Kb, ¯¿x Zvi KvQ
†_‡K ZvjvK wb‡Z cv‡i bv| GgbwK hw` ¯^vgxi †hbv cÖgvwYZ nq, ZeyI
bq| Gfv‡e ¯¿xiv AvgiY `yóz ¯^vgxi wbM‡o Ave× _vK‡Z eva¨ nq|
Contents
wLªóvb‡ì wbK‡U ZvjvK (?C" "B

) :
wLªóvb gvhnve¸wji g‡a¨ cÖavb nÕj wZbwU: K¨v_wjK, A‡_©vW· I
cÖ‡Uó¨v›U| K¨v_wjK gvhnv‡e ZvjvK G‡Kev‡i wbwl×| ¯¿x Pwi‡Î
Awek¦vm ev †LqvbZ RwbZ KviY NU‡j Zv‡ì weQvbv c„_K Kiv nq
Ges wZ‡j wZ‡j Zv‡K Kó †Ìqv nq| ZeyI Zvjv‡Ki gva¨‡g Df‡q
c„_K n‡q hvq bv| GKvwaK weevn Zv‡ì ag©xq Mv¤¢x‡h©i we‡ivax|
†Kbbv BbRx‡ji Kw_Z Avqv‡Zi eY©bv g‡Z Ô¯^vgx-¯¿x `yÕR‡b wg‡j
GKwU †`n| AZGe Avj−vn hv‡ì GKwÎZ K‡i‡Qb, gvbyl Zv‡ì
c„_K Ki‡Z cv‡i bvÕ|14 wLªóvb‡ì evKx `yÕwU gvhnv‡e mxwgZ K‡qKwU
†¶‡Î ZvjvK wm×| hvi cÖavb nÕj cvi¯úwiK Awek¦vm ev †LqvbZ|
wKš‘ GB Ae¯’vq Zv‡ì g‡a¨ ZvjvK wm× nÕ‡jI ¯^vgx-¯¿x Df‡qi Rb¨
wØZxq weevn wbwl×| GgbwK ejv n‡q‡Q, hw` Zviv †hbv e¨ZxZ Ab¨
Kvi‡Y ci¯ú‡i wew”Qbœ nq I Ab¨‡K we‡q K‡i, Z‡e Zviv †hbv KijÕ
(BbRxj gvËv I gviKzQ)| G‡Z †`Lv hvq †h, wLªóvb a‡g©I Bn~`x‡ì b¨vq
¯¿x‡ì c„_K n‡q hvIqvi †Kvb my‡hvM †bB|
wn›`y a‡g© ZvjvK (0 "D 3
) :
wn›`y a‡g© Zvjv‡Ki AwaKvi †KejgvÎ ¯^vgxi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ| d‡j
¯¿x‡K gyL euy‡R mewKQz mn¨ Ki‡Z nq| †Kbbv G a‡g© weevn‡K
wPi¯’vqx eÜb wnmv‡e MY¨ Kiv nq| †mLv‡b bvix‡ì wØZxq ¯^vgx
MÖn‡Yi AwaKvi †bB| Zviv wcZvi m¤úwË †_‡KI ewÂZ| †mKviY
we‡qi mgq wcZv †hŠZzK wnmv‡e Kb¨v‡K mva¨gZ mewKQz w`‡q †`q|
†hLv‡b weaev weev‡ni my‡hvM †bB| d‡j ¯^vgxi g„Z¨z nÕ‡j Zvi R¡jš—
wPZvq m`¨ weaev Rxeš— ¯¿x‡K cywo‡q nZ¨v Kiv nq| hv ÔmZx`vn cÖ_vÕ
e‡j cÖwm×| hvi wei“‡× 1830 wLªóv‡ã e„wUk fvi‡Z AvBb Kiv nq|
14. 2
K 7
| 9F G 8G G }HXKNK$ !I &H G* !I (
G G UR G H EG{R !F E G G(EK Z>H z!&H G* z!(
G G ?H G{R2 ?S SG*G
?~ G("E>H 9F wSH _K F BbRxj gviKzQ 8 I 9 AvqvZ|
Contents
weevn we‡”Q‡ì mnR my‡hvM bv _vKvq Bn~`x-wLªóvb‡ì b¨vq wn›`y

a‡g©I †hbv-e¨wfPvi m½Z Kvi‡YB e¨vcK AvKvi aviY K‡i|
Rv‡njx hy‡Mi ZvjvK (0EF 1% 3
) :
cÖvK-Bmjvgx hy‡M Rv‡njx Avi‡e bvix‡ì wbh©vZb Kivi Rb¨
ZvjvK‡K nvwZqvi wnmv‡e eënvi Kiv nÕZ| gv Av‡qkv (ivt) e‡jb,
GKRb ¯^vgx Zvi ¯¿x‡K ZvjvK w`Z| Avevi BÏ‡Zi g‡a¨ wdwi‡q
wbZ| GBfv‡e kZvwaKevi ZvjvK I ivRÔAv‡Zi NUbv NUZ| KL‡bv
†Kvb ¯^vgx e‡j em‡Zv, Avj−vn&i Kmg! Avwg †Zvgv‡K KL‡bvB ZvjvK
wè bv, N‡i AvkªqI †è bv| ¯¿x ejZ, †mUv wKfv‡e m¤¢e? ¯^vgx
ejZ, †Zvgv‡K ZvjvK wè| Zvici BÏZ †kl nevi Av‡MB wdwi‡q
†be| Avevi ZvjvK †è| Avevi wdwi‡q †be| Gfv‡eB Pj‡e|
†Zvgv‡K kvwš—‡Z _vK‡ZI †è bv, †h‡ZI †è bv| GB NUbv
ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-†K Rvbv‡bv nÕ‡j wZwb Pzc _v‡Kb| AZtci ì‡mi
Av‡jvP¨ AvqvZ bvwhj nq (wZiwghx nv/1192)| hv‡Z ejv nq †h,
ÔZvjvK gvÎ `yÕeviÕ... A_©vr gvÎ `yÕeviB ZvjvK w`‡q †diZ †bIqv
hv‡e| Z…Zxq ev‡i Avi bq| ZLb wew”Qbœ n‡q hv‡e|15
nv‡dh Bebyj K¡vBwqg (int) e‡jb, wØZxq ¯^vgx KZ©K „ †¯^”Qvq
ZvjvKcÖvßv ¯¿x‡K Zvi c~e©Zb ¯^vgxi wbKU cybivq wd‡i Avmvi AbygwZ
cÖ`vb (evK¡vivn 2/230) Avj−vn&i c¶ nÕ‡Z bvix mgv‡Ri cÖwZ GKwU eo
ai‡bi AbyMÖn| †Kbbv ZvIiv‡Zi weavb g‡Z †m Avi weevn Ki‡Z
cv‡i bv| BbRx‡ji weavb g‡Z Zv‡ì g‡a¨ ¯’vqxfv‡e ZvjvK wbwl×|
wKš‘ Avgv‡ì kixÔAvZ ev›`vi Kj¨vY wePv‡i c~Y©vsM I w¯’wZkxj|
d‡j H ¯^vgx‡K PZy_©ev‡ii my‡hvM w`‡q‡QÕ| A_©vr †m Zvi ¯¿x‡K wZb
ZvjvK w`‡q we`vq Kivi c‡i wØZxq ¯^vgx MÖnY Ki‡jI †mB ¯^vgx
KZ©„K †¯^”Qvq ZvjvKcÖvßv nÕ‡j cybivq c~e© ¯^vgx Zv‡K MÖnY Ki‡Z
15. mvBwq` mvweK¡ wgmix (1335-1420 wn./1915-2000 L„.), wdK¡ûm mybœvn (Kvq‡iv :
1412/1992) ÔZvjvKÕ Aa¨vq 2/280-82 c„.|
Contents
cv‡iÕ (evK¡vivn 2/230)| Z‡e †Kvb Ac‡KŠk‡ji Avkªq wb‡j wØZxq

¯^vgx Ôfvov‡U luvoÕ n‡e (Beby gvRvn nv/1936)| Zv‡ì H we‡q evwZj
n‡e Ges c~e©Zb ¯^vgxi Rb¨ Zv nvjvj n‡e bv|16
Bmjv‡gi ZvjvK weavb (12 3
(4)) :
ÔZvjvK¡Õ (M-) A_© : eÜbgyw³| †hgb ejv nq, F E

H WR G .HhR OS Ôe›`x
gy³ n‡q‡QÕ| kviC cwifvlvq ZvjvK A_© : ¯^vgx-¯¿xi weevn eÜb wQbœ
Kiv| Bmjv‡g ZvjvK‡K Acm›` Kiv n‡q‡Q| hwÌ †eØxbx, Aeva¨Zv,
†hbv cÖf„wZ P~ovš— Ae¯’vq GUv‡K Rv‡qh ivLv n‡q‡Q Ges Zvjv‡Ki
gva¨‡g weevn eÜb wQbœ Kivi GLwZqvi †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| ì‡m ewY©Z
Avqv‡Zi Av‡jv‡K G¶‡Y Avgiv Bmjv‡gi ZvjvK weavb m¤ú‡K©
Av‡jvKcvZ Kie|-
ZvjvK nÕj ÔgyevnÕ (`,)| hv eva¨MZ Ae¯’vq Kiv‡Z †`vl †bB|
Bmjv‡g Zvjv‡Ki AwaKvi mxwgZ Kiv n‡q‡Q wZbev‡ii g‡a¨| cÖ_g
`yÕevi ÔivRÔCÕ I †k‡liwU Ôev‡qbÕ| A_©vr Bmjv‡g Zvjv‡Ki weavb
ivLv nÕ‡jI ¯^vgx‡K fveevi I mg‡SvZv Kivi my‡hvM †Ìqv nq ¯¿xi
wZb FZzKvj ev wZb gvm hveZ| Gi g‡a¨ ¯^vgx Zvi ¯¿x‡K wdwi‡q
wb‡Z cv‡i| hv‡K ÔivRÔAvZÕ ejv nq| wKš‘ mvwe©K wPš—v-fvebvi ci
VvÊv gv_vq Z…Zxqevi ZvjvK w`‡j ZLb Avi wdwi‡q †bIqvi my‡hvM
_v‡K bv|
ivRÔC Zvjv‡Ki c×wZ mg~n (0IJ $H 1G8) :
(1) ¯¿x‡K Zvi FZzgyw³i ci cweÎ Ae¯’vi ïi“‡Z wgjb QvovB ¯^vgx
cÖ_‡g GK ZvjvK w`‡e| AZtci mnevmnxb Ae¯’vq wZb FZzi
BÏZKvj AwZµvš— nIqvi c~‡e© ¯^vgx ¯¿x‡K ivRÔAvZ Ki‡Z cv‡i|
16. Qv‡jn web dvIhvb (Rb¥ : 1354 wn./1935 L„.), Avj-gyjvLLvQzj wdK¡nx (Kvq‡iv :
`vi Bebyj RvIhx, 5g gy`ªY 1417/1996), c„. 317-18|
Contents
A_©vr wdwi‡q wb‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ BÏZKvj †kl nIqvi c‡i †diZ wb‡Z
PvB‡j Zv‡K Dfq c‡¶i m¤§wZµ‡g bZzb weev‡ni gva¨‡g †diZ wb‡Z
n‡e| BÏZKv‡j ¯¿x ¯^vgxM„‡n ¯^vgxi mv‡_ Ae¯’vb Ki‡e| Ae¯’vbKv‡j
¯^vgx ¯¿x‡K †Lvi‡cvl w`‡e| GwUB nÕj Zvjv‡Ki m‡e©vËg cš’v|
(2) mnevmnxb Zzn‡i cÖ_g ZvjvK w`‡q BÏ‡Zi g‡a¨ cieZx© Zzn‡i
2q ZvjvK w`‡e Ges BÏZKvj MYbv Ki‡e| AZtci cieZx© Zzn‡ii
ïi“‡Z Z…Zxq ZvjvK w`‡e I FZz Avmv ch©š— me©‡kl BÏZ cvjb
Ki‡e| Z…Zxqevi ZvjvK D”PviY Ki‡j ¯¿x‡K Avi †dir †bIqv hv‡e
bv| AZGe 2q Zzn‡i 2q ZvjvK w`‡j 3q Zzn‡ii †kl ch©š— ZvjvK
bv w`‡q A‡c¶v KivB eyw×gv‡bi KvR n‡e| GLv‡bI c~‡e©i b¨vq
hveZxq weavb envj _vK‡e (evK¡vivn 2/229; ZvjvK 65/1)| Bmjv‡gi
†mvbvjx hy‡M GB ZvjvKB Pvjy wQj| †hgb Avj−vn ¯^xq ivm~j‡K
m‡¤^vab K‡i e‡jb,
7
r S]CLG* 4K !L H R F5&E OK*G L BH CH!L H H L
F E ]S .-K $K sr ( G m AF F]R .NhK K>H l ,HL GBlOK G
P Gm,Gl P
G &H K_H G ECHWR G ?R OK 2N >H G E F ^ E G 2K *G L BH CHE FF E H L
F E F H ^ E CF 2K AE S LG
7
r UN G K } E H !E CG 2K 9F ( G _R "G AG .KkK !E ]K $K 7H G *E !F &F !L G GL E G *G 7 H F *E !F &F b G .R CH*G
g( M-) ZEOK b G HK !G E G
S !H : E F
Ô†n bex! hLb †Zvgiv ¯¿x‡ì ZvjvK `vI, ZLb Zv‡ì‡K BÏZ
Abyhvqx ZvjvK `vI Ges BÏZ MYbv Ki‡Z _vK| Avi †Zvgiv
†Zvgv‡ì cÖwZcvjK Avj−vn‡K fq Ki| Zvjv‡Ki ci ¯¿x‡ì‡K Zv‡ì
M„n †_‡K weZvwoZ K‡iv bv Ges ZvivI †hb ¯^vgxM„n †Q‡o †ewi‡q bv
hvq| hw` bv Zviv ¯úó dv‡nkv Kv‡R wjß nq| G¸wj nÕj Avj−vn&i
mxgv‡iLv| †h e¨w³ Avj−vn&i mxgv‡iLv jsNb K‡i, †m wb‡Ri Dc‡i
hyjgy K‡i| Zzwg Rv‡bv bv, nqZ Avj−vn Gici †Kvb (mg‡SvZvi) c_
†ei K‡i w`‡ebÕ (ZvjvK¡ 65/1)|
D³ Avqv‡Zi Zvrch© GB †h, ZvjvK nÕj g~jZt BÏZ MYbvi ZvjvK,
GKmv‡_ wZb ZvjvK bq| ¯^vgx I ¯¿x‡K Aek¨B wba©vwiZ BÏZ MYbv
Contents
Ki‡Z n‡e| GRb¨ Kgc‡¶ wZb FZzgyw³i wZb gvm ¯^vgx AeKvk
cv‡eb †h, wZwb ¯¿x‡K wb‡q Ni Ki‡Z cvi‡eb wK-bv| GQvov ¯¿x‡K
¯^vgxM„‡nB Ae¯’vb Ki‡Z n‡e| Gi Øviv Dfq‡K cybwg©j‡bi cÖwZ DØy×
Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avj−vn e‡jb, G¸wj nÕj Avj−vn cÖ`Ë Ôû`~`Õ ev
mxgv‡iLv, hv AwZµg Kiv wbwl×|
(3) 2q ZvjvK †Ìqvi ci BÏ‡Zi g‡a¨ ¯^vgx Zvi ¯¿x‡K †diZ wb‡Z
cv‡i| †hgb Avj−vn e‡jb, *FGOK ?R >H b
G HK H$ L
H m G H l &G OK L BF FKFF*G
z&K.;
E >H ÔAvi hw` Zviv ci¯ú‡i gxgvsmv Pvq, Z‡e Zv‡ì ¯^vgxivB
Zv‡ì wdwi‡q †bevi AwaK nK`viÕ (evK¡vivn 2/228)| Avi BÏZKvj
AwZµvš— n‡q †M‡j weevn we‡”Q` n‡q hv‡e (evK¡vivn 2/229)|
GgZve¯’vq ¯^vgx-¯¿x ci¯ú‡i m¤§Z nÕ‡j cybivq bZzb weev‡ni gva¨‡g
Ni-msmvi Ki‡Z cv‡i| Avj−vn e‡jb, L BF .K
G OK G E .K,G$K sr G(m AF F]R .NhK K>H*G
Q
H *FE 8G RH AE BF GEG E
G GCG K>H L BF G G*jE OK G :
E H EG ?R OK L
F S.
F E CG
K $K ÔAvi hLb
†Zvgiv ¯¿x‡ì (ivRÔC) ZvjvK `vI| AZtci Zv‡ì BÏZ c~Y© n‡q
hvq| ZLb Zviv Df‡q hw` b¨vqvbyMfv‡e ci¯ú‡i m¤§Z nq, †m
Ae¯’vq ¯¿xiv Zv‡ì ¯^vgx‡ì we‡q Ki‡Z PvB‡j †Zvgiv Zv‡ì evav
w`‡qv bvÕ (evK¡vivn 2/232)|
gvÔwK¡j web Bqvmvi (ivt)-Gi †evb RygvBjv (G(G
H EH .KE8G F )
ZvjvKcÖvßv nÕ‡j BÏZ P‡j hvIqvi ci Zvi c~e© ¯^vgx Aveyj evÏvn
AvbQvix cybivq Zv‡K we‡qi cqMvg cvVv‡j gvÔwK¡j D³ we‡q‡Z
A¯^xK…wZ Rvbvb| ZLb AÎ AvqvZ bvwhj nq (eyLvix, dvrûj evix
nv/5130)| Gi Øviv Av‡iKwU welq cÖgvwYZ nq †h, Ajx e¨ZxZ weevn
wm× bq| †Kbbv gvÔwK¡‡ji †evb ev‡jMv wQ‡jb| hwÌ ev‡jMv bvix
wb‡Ri gZvgZ `v‡b ¯^vaxb Ges Aek¨B Zvi gZvgZ AMÖMY¨| Z‡e
wZwb GKvB wm×vš— †bIqvi AwaKvix bb (KziZzex, Zvdmxi evK¡vivn 232
AvqvZ)| †Kbbv AÎ AvqvZ AwffveK‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ bvwhj n‡q‡Q|
Contents
GLv‡b RygvBjvi fvB gvÕwK¡j we‡q‡Z A¯^xK…wZ Rvwb‡qwQ‡jb| AvqvZ

bvwh‡ji ci wZwb cybivq ¯^xK…Z nb I weevn †`b|
Z‡e wZb Zzn‡i wZb ZvjvK cÖ`vb Ki‡j G my‡hvM eÜ n‡q hvq,
hZ¶Y bv †m Ab¨Î weevwnZv nq I †mLvb †_‡K ¯^vfvweKfv‡e
ZvjvKcÖvßv nq (evK¡vivn 2/230)|
2q Zvjv‡Ki BÏZKvj †kl n‡q hvIqvi ci 3q ZvjvK cÖ`vb Ki‡j
Zv MY¨ n‡e bv| KviY ZvjvK w`‡Z nq BÏZKv‡ji g‡a¨| Avj−vn
e‡jb, ÔAvi Zv‡ì‡K BÏZ Abyhvqx ZvjvK `vI Ges BÏZ MYbv Ki‡Z
_vKÕ (ZvjvK 65/1)| Avãyjv− n Beby Igi (ivt) ¯^xq ¯¿x‡K FZz Ae¯’vq
ZvjvK w`‡j ivm~jjy v− n (Qvt) Zv‡K wdwi‡q wb‡Z e‡jb17 Ges IUv‡K
wKQzB MY¨ K‡ibwbÕ (Avey`vE` nv/2185)| †Kbbv FZz Ae¯’vq ZvjvK
†Ìqv Rv‡qh bq|18 Z‡e Ab¨ eY©bvq G‡m‡Q †h, IUv‡K GK ZvjvK
ivRÔC MY¨ Kiv nq (eyLvix nv/5253)|
G¶‡Y cÖkœ nÕj : GK gRwj‡m GKmv‡_ wZb ZvjvK ev‡qb w`‡j BÏZ
MYbvi D³ mxgv‡iLv †g‡b Pjv hvq wK? †hLv‡b cÖ_g Zvjv‡Ki
BÏZKvj GK FZz †k‡l 2q ZvjvK ch©š—| AZtci 2q Zvjv‡Ki
BÏZKvj 2q FZz †k‡l 3q ZvjvK ch©š—- Gfv‡e wnmve K‡i weiwZmn
BÏZ MYbvi †Kvb my‡hvM _v‡K wK? hw` bv _v‡K, ZvnÕ‡j †mUv †Kvb&
ai‡bi ZvjvK n‡e? KziAvb I Qnxn nv`x‡Qi †Kv_vI Giƒc Zvjv‡Ki
†Kvb Aw¯—Z¡ Av‡Q wK?
mybœx I we`ÔAvZx ZvjvK (KB9 L,
) :
wewfbœ wdK¡n MÖ‡š’ ZvjvK‡K Avnmvb ( (&O), nvmvb ( (&) I we`ÔC

( +!) wZbfv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| AZtci KziAvb-nv`x‡Q ewY©Z
Dc‡iv³ ZvjvK weavb‡K Ômybœx ZvjvKÕ I Avwe®K…Z GKwÎZ wZb
17. eyLvix nv/5251; gymwjg nv/1471|
18. we¯—vwiZ `ªt wiqvh : dvZvIqv jvRbv `v‡qgv 20/147, drIqv bs 825; gvwmK AvZ-
ZvnixK gvP©Õ15, cÖ‡kœvËi msL¨v 22/222|
Contents
ZvjvK‡K Ô†e`ÔC ZvjvKÕ bv‡g AwfwnZ Kiv n‡q‡Q (†n`vqv 2/354-55)|

A_P gymjgvb ÔmybœvZÕ gvb‡Z cv‡i, wKš‘ †Kvb Ae¯’v‡ZB Ôwe`ÔAvZÕ
gvb‡Z cv‡i bv| †Kbbv Øx‡bi bv‡g mKj cÖKvi we`ÔAvZ cÖZ¨vL¨vZ|19
Avi we`ÔAv‡Zi GKgvÎ cwiYvg nÕj Rvnvbœvg|20 A_P we`ÔAvZx
ZvjvK‡K AvBbwm× Kivi gva¨‡g gymwjg mgv‡R cv‡ci iv¯—v Ly‡j
†Ìqv n‡q‡Q| wnj−v ev ÔZvnjxjÕ-Gi b¨vq Rv‡njx Avi‡ei †d‡j Avmv
†bvsiv cÖ_v‡K dvwm` wK¡qv‡mi gva¨‡g Bmjvgx mgv‡R cybivq wdwi‡q
Avbv n‡q‡Q| hvi mivmwi I Amnvq wkKvi n‡”Q gymwjg bvix mgvR|
D‡j−L¨ †h, m~iv‡q ZvjvK¡-Gi 2q Avqv‡Zi21 Av‡jv‡K QvnvexM‡Yi
g‡a¨ nhiZ Avjx I Bgivb web ûQvBb (ivt), Zv‡eCM‡Yi g‡a¨ AvZ¡v,
Beby Ryiv‡qR I Beby mxixb Ges Bgvwgqv kxÔAvMY Zvjv‡Ki †¶‡ÎI
`yÕRb b¨vqevb mv¶xi kZ© Av‡ivc K‡ib| †hiƒc weev‡ni †¶‡Î Kiv
n‡q _v‡K| Z‡e cÖvPxb I AvaywbK hy‡Mi Ab¨vb¨ weØvbM‡Yi wbKU
weev‡ni b¨vq ZvjvK †KejgvÎ ¯^vgxi AwaKvi| †mKviY ZvjvK
†Ìqvi Rb¨ †Kvb mv¶xi cÖ‡qvRb †bB| G e¨vcv‡i ivm~jj y −vn (Qvt) I
22
Rgn~i Qvnvev‡q †Kivg †_‡KI †Kvb cÖgvY †bBÕ|
19. gymwjg nv/867; wgkKvZ nv/141 ÔwKZve I mybœvZ‡K AuvK‡o aivÕ Aby‡”Q`|
20. bvmvC nv/1578 ÔwKfv‡e C`vq‡bi Lyrev w`‡Z n‡eÕ Aby‡”Q`|
21. AE
S EH P !E +G }
E *G K *F!BH \E OK*G Q
P *FE 8G H L
F SwH K$ *E OK Q
P *FE 8G H L
F S(
H E WK$K L BF .K G OK G E .KG K@H$K
UR G
E G 7
r H LG E G *G H YH R 3H E GRG* 7
H H F H )E F ?K K E G 9H H
S +G F AE S HK 9H .NH 4K G GB
L F8HwOK*G
gz G ^
E G 9F K ÔhLb Zviv Zv‡ì BÏ‡Z †cuŠ‡Q hvq, ZLb †Zvgiv nq my›ìfv‡e Zv‡ì‡K
†i‡L w`‡e, bv nq my›ìfv‡e Zv‡ì‡K wew”Qbœ K‡i w`‡e| Avi †Zvgv‡ì ga¨ †_‡K
`yÕRb b¨vqcivqY e¨w³‡K mv¶x ivL‡e| †Zvgiv Avj−vn&i Rb¨ mwVK mv¶¨ w`‡qv| Gi
gva¨‡g †Zvgv‡ì Dc‡`k †Ìqv n‡”Q| hviv Avj−vn I †kl wè‡m wek¦vm K‡i| Avi †h
e¨w³ Avj−vn‡K fq K‡i, Avj−vn Zvi Rb¨ Dcvq †ei K‡i †`bÕ (ZvjvK 65/2)|
22. evK¡vivn 2/231; Avnhve 33/49; wdK¡ûm mybœvn 2/290-92 c„.; Bgvg Avey nvbxdv
(int)-Gi wbKU ivRÔAvZ I Zvjv‡Ki †¶‡Î GB mv¶x ivLvUv Ôgvb`~eÕ| †hgb µq-
weµ‡qi mgq mv¶x ivLvi ûKzg (evK¡vivn 2/282) gvb`~e| Bgvg kv‡dC (int)-Gi
wbKU ivRÔAv‡Zi mgq IqvwRe Ges Zvjv‡Ki mgq gvb`~e| mv¶x ivLvi dv‡q`v
nÕj, hv‡Z `yÕR‡bi †KD gviv †M‡j AciRb we‡q evKx Av‡Q e‡j gxivQ `vex Ki‡Z
cv‡iÕ (KziZzex, ZvjvK 2 Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨v)|
Contents
Dc‡iv³ ZvjvK weav‡b †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, Bmjvg eva¨MZ Ae¯’vq

ZvjvK Rv‡qh ivL‡jI g~jZt †mUv Zvi Kvg¨ bq| eis ¯^vgx I ¯¿xi
g‡a¨ mg‡SvZv m„wó I Zv‡ì‡K cybivq `v¤úZ¨ Rxe‡b wd‡i Avmvi
mKj êa my‡hvM m„wó K‡i †i‡L‡Q| Zv‡K GK gvm, `yÕgvm, wZb gvm
hveZ wPš—v Kivi my‡hvM w`‡q‡Q| BÏZKv‡j ¯¿x‡K ¯^vgxM„‡n Ae¯’v‡bi
wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Q| me‡k‡l wØZxqevi ch©š— ÔZvjvK¡Õ kãwU D”PviY
Ki‡jI KziAvb ÔZ…Zxq ZvjvKÕ ev ÔZvjv‡K¡ ev‡qbÕ (wew”QbœKvix
ZvjvK) K_vwU D”PviY K‡iwb| eis Bw½‡Z e‡j‡Q, wØZxqevi ZvjvK
†Ìqvi c‡i G¶‡Y †m Zvi ¯¿x‡K my›ìfv‡e ivLyK A_ev mØënv‡ii
gva¨‡g we`vq Ki“KÕ (evK¡vivn 2/229)|
R‰bK e¨w³ ivm~jj y v− n (Qvt)-†K wR‡Ám Kij, †n Avj−vn&i ivm~j!
KziAv‡b `yÕevi ZvjvK †èvi K_v cvw”Q| wKš‘ Z„Zxq ZvjvK †Kv_vq?
ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) ej‡jb, ?P G(& E @HH VI EH (
E CG *E OK ÔA_ev mØënv‡ii gva¨‡g
we`vq Ki“KÕ|23 Avey Dgvi e‡jb, weØvbMY G wel‡q GKgZ †h,
Avj−vn&i evYx ?P G(&
E @HH VI EH (
E CG *E OK (ÔA_ev mØënv‡ii gva¨‡g we`vq
Ki“KÕ) GUvB nÕj wØZxq Zvjv‡Ki ci Z…Zxq ZvjvKÕ (KziZzex)|
A_v©r Avj−vn Pvb bv †h, ev›`v ¯^xq ¯¿x‡K Z…Zxq ZvjvK w`K| †Kbbv
Z…Zxq ZvjvK w`‡j †m Avi Zvi ¯¿x‡K †diZ cv‡e bv| hZ¶Y bv †m
wØZxq ¯^vgx MÖnY K‡i Ges †mB ¯^vgx Zv‡K †¯^”Qvq ZvjvK †`q| Avi
†mUv wbZvš—B Kíbvi e¯‘|
KziZzex e‡jb, weØvbMY G wel‡q GKgZ n‡q‡Qb †h, V
I EH (
E CG *E OK
?P G(&E @HH ÔA_ev mØënv‡ii gva¨‡g we`vq Ki“KÕ Øviv `yB Zvjv‡Ki
c‡i Z…Zxq ZvjvK eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q| Avi GUv eySv †M‡Q cieZ©x e³e¨
....GB]K .NhK ?R @H$K ÔAZtci hw` †m (2q ¯^vgx) Zv‡K ZvjvK †`qÕ
23. Beby Avex nv‡Zg nv/2210; Beby KvQxi, Zvdmxi evK¡vivn 229 AvqvZ; `vivKzrbx
nv/3844, mb` ÔnvmvbÕ; KziZzex nv/1214, mb` Ônvmvb BbkvAvj−vnÕ|
Contents
AvqvZvsk Øviv| AZtci weØvbMY Gwel‡q GKgZ n‡q‡Qb †h, †h

e¨w³ Zvi ¯¿x‡K GK ZvjvK A_ev `yB ZvjvK w`‡e, †m e¨w³ Zv‡K
wdwi‡q wb‡Z cvi‡e| wKš‘ hw` Z…Zxqevi ZvjvK †`q, ZvnÕ‡j H ¯¿x
Zvi Rb¨ Avi nvjvj n‡e bv, hZ¶Y bv †m Ab¨ ¯^vgx‡K weevn Ki‡eÕ|
Avi GwUB KziAv‡bi ¯úó e³e¨ (?] A)| hv‡Z Kvi“ †Kvbiƒc
gZ‡f` †bBÕ|24
Avj−vn GZB †g‡nievb †h, me©‡kl Z…Zxqevi Zvjv‡Ki Kvi‡Y D³
¯^vgx I ¯¿x‡K wPiKv‡ji gZ ci¯ú‡ii Rb¨ wbwl× K‡ibwb| eis hw`
KLbI wØZxq ¯^vgx Zv‡K †¯^”Qvq ZvjvK †`q, ZLb †m cybivq Zvi
c~e©Zb ¯^vgxi Kv‡Q wd‡i Avm‡Z cv‡i, hw` Df‡q †¯^”Qvq I mvMÖ‡n
ivhx nq| G‡ZB eySv hvq †h, weev‡ni cweÎ eÜb‡K Avj−vn cvK KZ
†ekx ¸i“Z¡ cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb Ges G‡K wUwK‡q ivLvi Rb¨ KZfv‡eB bv
ev›`v‡K DØy× K‡i‡Qb|
Avj−vn e‡jb, L BF K I G,H AE F"EOK*G AE S K I G,H L
F ÔZviv †Zvgv‡ì †cvlvK
Ges †Zvgiv Zv‡ì †cvlvKÕ (evK¡vivn 2/187)| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Gikv`
K‡ib, S :
G HG BG E.K+G 3I G :
Gr $K
P WR G G H EiK E $H wZ
K hK BG G *E jG
E KWKG 4P OKG E H 8G lOK
H L
K Ô†h gwnjv Zvi ¯^vgxi wbKU †_‡K †Kvb ¶wZi AvksKv QvovB
ZvjvK cÖv_©bv Kij, Zvi Dc‡i Rvbœv‡Zi myMwÜ nvivgÕ|25
†Lvjv :
Ô†LvjvÕ (F .R ^
F R) A_© : gy³ Kiv ev wew”Qbœ Kiv| ¯^vgxi wbKU †_‡K ¯¿x
†Kvb wKQzi wewbg‡q wb‡R‡K wew”Qbœ K‡i †bIqv‡K kviC cwifvlvq
Ô†LvjvÕ ejv nq| ¯¿x ¯^vgxi Rb¨ †cvlvK ¯îƒc| hLb †mwU †m Ly‡j
†bq, ZLb †mUv‡K Ô†LvjvÕ ejv nq|26
24. KziZzex, Zvdmxi m~iv evK¡vivn 229 AvqvZ|
25. Avngv` nv/22433; wZiwghx nv/1187; wgkKvZ nv/3279 Ô†Lvjv I ZvjvKÕ
Aby‡”Q`; BiIqv nv/2035|
26. wdK¡ûm mybœvn 2/319 c„.|
Contents
gybvwdK †bZv Avãyj−vn web DevB‡qi Kb¨v Rvgxjv GKw`b dR‡ii

AÜKv‡i ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi ìev‡i G‡m Zvi ¯^vgx QvweZ web K¡v‡qm
web kv¤§vm-Gi wei“‡× Awf‡hvM Kij †h, †m Zv‡K †g‡i‡Q I
A½nvwb K‡i‡Q| †m ejj, Avj−vn&i Kmg! Avwg Zvi Øxb ev Pwi‡Îi
wei“‡× Awf‡hvM Kwi bv eis Zvi †eu‡U †`n I KzrwmZ †Pnvivi
Awf‡hvM Kwi| †n Avj−vn&i ivm~j! hw` Avj−vn&i fq bv _vKZ, ZvnÕ‡j
evmi iv‡Z Avwg Zvi gy‡L _y_y wb‡¶c KiZvgÕ| ZLb ivm~jyjv− n (Qvt)
QvweZ‡K WvKv‡jb I Zvi gZvgZ Rvb‡Z PvB‡jb| wZwb ej‡jb, †n
Avj−vn&i ivm~j! Avwg Zv‡K Ô†gvniÕ ¯îƒc Avgvi me‡P‡q g~jëvb `yÕwU
†LRyi evMvb w`‡qwQjvg, hv Zvi AwaKv‡i Av‡Q| hw` †mUv Avgv‡K
†diZ †`q| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) ZLb gwnjv‡K ej‡jb, Zzwg wK ej‡Z
PvI| gwnjvwU ejj, nu¨v| †dir †è| PvB‡j Av‡iv †ekx †èÕ| ZLb
ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) QvweZ‡K ej‡jb, Zzwg †Zvgvi ¯¿x‡K c„_K K‡i `vI|
AZtci ZvB Kiv nÕj|27 Avãyj−vn Beby AveŸvm (ivt) e‡jb,
Bmjv‡gi BwZnv‡m GUvB wQj Ô†LvjvÕ-i cÖ_g NUbv Ges GUvB nÕj
Ô†LvjvÕ-i g~j `jxj|28
Beby Rvixi e‡jb †h, Dc‡iv³ NUbv Dcj‡¶¨ AÎ AvqvZ (evK¡vivn
229-Gi †klvsk) bvwhj nq| †hLv‡b Avj−vn e‡jb,
27. eyLvix nv/5273; gyIqvË¡v nv/2082; Avey`vE` nv/2228; Beby Rvixi nv/4807;
bvmvC nv/3463; Beby gvRvn nv/2056; Beby KvQxi 1/281-82; wgkKvZ
nv/3274 ÔweevnÕ Aa¨vq-13 Ô†Lvjv I ZvjvKÕ Aby‡”Q`-11; BiIqv nv/2036; Beby
nvRvi `yÕwU‡K c„_K NUbv g‡b K‡ib| kvIKvbx, bvqjyj AvIZ¡vi (Kvq‡iv :
1398/1978 L„.) Ô†LvjvÕ Aby‡”Q`, 8/43 c„.|
gwnjvwUi bv‡g gZ‡f` Av‡Q| †Kvb eY©bvq G‡m‡Q, Avãyj−vn Be‡b DevB-Gi Ô†evbÕ
(Z¡vevix nv/4807), †Kvb eY©bvq ÔKb¨vÕ (Z¡vevix nv/4810), †Kvb eY©bvq Ônvexevn
web‡Z mvn&jÕ (Z¡vevix nv/4808; Avey`vE` nv/2228)| Zvdmxi Z¡vevixi fvl¨Kvi
Avngv` gynv¤§v` kv‡Ki (1309-1377 wn./1892-1958 L„.) e‡jb, Bwb nÕ‡jb
Rvgxjv web‡Z Avãyj−vn Be‡b Avãyj−vn Be‡b DevB Be‡b myj~j| gybvwdK †bZv
Avãyj−vn Be‡b DevB-Gi cyÎ Avãyj−vn wQ‡jb weL¨vZ Qvnvex| Zuvi †evb wQ‡jb
Rvgxjv| hviv Df‡q ms‡¶‡c Zv‡ì `v`vi w`‡K m¤úwK©Z nÕ‡Zb| GUvB mwVK|
Beby nvRvi I Ab¨vb¨ weØvbMY GUv‡KB AMÖvwaKvi w`‡q‡Qb (Zvdmxi Z¡vevix
nv/4807-Gi UxKv)|
28. Beby KvQxi, Zvdmxi evK¡vivn 229 AvqvZ|
Contents
F *F!&F b
G .R CH 9H H a
E !G G$R G8H$ G8BH E.K+G `
G G F K $K 7H G *F!&F G8H]F 2N OK AE F_R YH ?R @H$K
g?K F8HNc AF
F b G [HK*SW$K 7H G *F!&F !L G GG E G *G G
*F!GE CG
K $K 7
H
ÔG¶‡Y hw` †Zvgiv fq Ki †h Zviv Avj−vn&i wba©vwiZ mxgv wVK ivL‡Z
cvi‡e bv, ZvnÕ‡j ¯¿x wKQz wewbgq w`‡j Zv MÖn‡Y Df‡qi †Kvb †`vl
†bB| GUvB Avj−vn&i mxgv‡iLv| AZGe †Zvgiv Zv AwZµg K‡iv bv|
hviv Avj−vn&i mxgv‡iLv mg~n AwZµg K‡i, Zviv nÕj mxgvjsNbKvixÕ
(evK¡vivn 2/229-Gi †klvsk)|
Ô†LvjvÕ g~jZt Ôwdm‡L wbKvnÕ ev weevn we‡”Q`| KziAv‡b `yÕwU ZvjvK
†Ìqvi c‡i Z…Zxq ZvjvK-Gi c~‡e© gv‡ji wewbg‡q weevn we‡”Q` ev
Ô†LvjvÕ-i K_v G‡m‡Q| G‡Z eySv hvq †h, Ô†LvjvÕ ZvjvK bq, eis
we‡”Q` gvÎ| hw` †Lvjv ZvjvKB nÕZ, Z‡e 230 Avqv‡Z ewY©Z †k‡li
ZvjvKwU PZz_© ZvjvK e‡j MY¨ nÕZ| A_P mKj weØvb GKgZ †h,
†k‡l †h ZvjvK-Gi K_v D‡j−L Kiv n‡q‡Q, †mwU Z…Zxq ZvjvK, PZz_©
ZvjvK bq| bex Kixg (Qvt) Qv‡eZ web K¡v‡qm (ivt)-Gi ¯¿x‡K Ô†LvjvÕ
K‡i †bIqvi ci Zv‡K Ô†LvjvÕi BÏZ ¯îƒc GK FZz ch©š— A‡c¶v
Ki‡Z e‡jwQ‡jb|29
29. GB.H
E WKH
G:G .R G$K 4Z !G &H G* Z
G E &G G LG GCG ?R OK gA.* 9.+ 7 .;g 7 H S FG G
G G WK$K
bvmvC nv/3497; Avey&`vE` nv/2229-30; wZiwghx nv/1185; Beby gvRvn
nv/2058, nv`xQ Qnxn; bvqjyj AvIZ¡vi 8/41 c„.| D‡j−L¨ †h, eyLvix (nv/5273)-
Gi eY©bvq G‡m‡Q, Z ]K H.- R CG GB]R .hK *G K ]K H!:
G R UH ,GwR ÔZzwg evwMPvwU †dir bvI Ges ¯¿x‡K
GK ZvjvK w`‡q `vIÕ| Gi e¨vL¨vq Dc‡i ewY©Z nv`x‡Q 4Z !G & H G* Z
G E&G ÔGK FZzKvj
A‡c¶v KiÕ ejv n‡q‡Q| A_©vr GwU ZvjvK bq, †mªd Ô†LvjvÕ ev we‡”Q`| †hwU
wZiwghx (nv/1185)-Gi eY©bvq ¯úófv‡e G‡m‡Q, E G .KGYE
P EwK H E H HK{ 4K OKG E ?N OK
9.+ 7 .;g l ,HL G
G G WK$K gA.* 9.+ 7 .;g m ,HL !H BE +G K.+G GB H *E jG E H
P
G E :
G H !L GE CG ?R OK gA.* ÔQv‡eZ web K¡v‡qm-Gi ¯¿x ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi hvgvbvq Zvi
¯^vgxi wbKU †_‡K wb‡R‡K wew”Qbœ K‡i †bq| ZLb ivm~j (Qvt) Zv‡K GK FZyKvj
BÏZ MYbv Ki‡Z e‡jbÕ (wZiwghx nv/1185)|
Contents
D³ nv`xQwUI cÖgvY K‡i †h, Ô†LvjvÕ ZvjvK bq| KviY hw` ZvjvK
nÕZ, Z‡e D³ gwnjv‡K wZwb wZb ÔZzniÕ ch©š— A‡c¶v Ki‡Z
ej‡Zb| eyLvix kix‡d Ô†LvjvÕi †¶‡Î †h ÔZvjvKÕ kã eënvi Kiv
n‡q‡Q, Zv e¨vL¨v mv‡c¶| †Kbbv D³ nv`xQwU Beby AveŸvm (ivt)
ewY©Z| c¶vš—‡i Avey`vE`, bvmvC, gyIqvË¡v ewY©Z †LvjvKvwiYx gwnjv
QvweZ-Gi ¯¿x Rvgxjv-i eY©bvq G‡m‡Q BG .KE,H U
YG *G Ôgwnjv‡K †Q‡o
`vIÕ| AZGe G wel‡q D³ gwnjvi e³e¨B AMÖvwaKvi‡hvM¨|30 KviY
wZwbB nÕ‡jb g~j eY©bvKvix|
nv‡dh Bebyj K¡vBwqg (int) e‡jb, Ô†LvjvÕ †h ZvjvK bq, Zvi cÖgvY
nÕj Zvjv‡Ki †¶‡Î Avj−vn †h wZbwU weav‡bi K_v e‡j‡Qb †m¸wji
me KÕwU Ô†LvjvÕ†Z cvIqv hvq bv| weavb wZbwU wbgœiƒc-
(1) ÔZvjv‡K ivRÔCÕi ci ¯^vgx Zvi ¯¿x‡K BÏ‡Zi g‡a¨ webv weev‡n
wdwi‡q wb‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ Ô†LvjvÕ nÕ‡j ¯¿xi m¤§wZ e¨ZxZ Zv cvi‡e bv|
(2) ÔZvjvKÕ wZbwU ch©š— mxwgZ| myZivs Zvjv‡Ki msL¨v c~Y© n‡q
†M‡j ¯¿xi Ab¨ ¯^vgxi mv‡_ weevn I wgjb bv nIqv ch©š— cÖ_g ¯^vgx
Zv‡K wdwi‡q wb‡Z cvi‡e bv| wKš‘ Ô†LvjvÕi †¶‡Î ¯¿x Ab¨Î weevn bv
K‡iB bZzb weev‡ni gva¨‡g cÖ_g ¯^vgxi Kv‡Q wd‡i Avm‡Z cv‡i|
(3) Ô†LvjvÕi BÏZ nÕj GK FZz| c¶vš—‡i mnevm K…Z ¯¿xi Rb¨
Zvjv‡Ki BÏZ nÕj wZb ZzniÕ|31
Bgvg kvIKvbx (int) Dc‡iv³ e³e¨ mg_©b K‡i e‡jb, Bgvg
wZiwghx †h e‡j‡Qb, AwaKvsk Qvnvex weØv‡bi wbKU †Lvjv-i BÏZ
30. bvqjyj AvIZ¡vi 8/45-46; bvmvC nv/3497; hv`yj gvÔAv` 5/601|

31. kvgmyÏxb Avey Avãyj−vn gynv¤§v` Bebyj K¡vBwqg Avj-RvIwhBqvn (691-751 wn.),
hv`yj gvÔAv` (êiƒZ : gyIqvmmvmvZzi wimvjvn 29Zg ms¯‹iY, 1416/1996) U S H!0
M
PK -K H
G EK G .R ^
F R ? OK K.+G Aby‡”Q` 5/180-81 c„.| LvË¡vex e‡jb, †Lvjv †h ZvjvK
bq Zvi me‡P‡q eo `jxj nÕj GB †h, Zvi BÏZ nÕj GK FZz| ZvjvK nÕ‡j GK
FZz h‡_ó nÕZ bvÕ (wdK¡ûm mybœvn 2/327-28 UxKv)|
Contents
nÕj Zvjv‡Ki b¨vqÕ e³e¨wU KziAvb, mybœvn, BRgv I wK¡qv‡mi

we‡ivax| ZvQvov Bebyj K¡vBwq‡gi e³e¨ wZiwghxi e³‡eï we‡ivax|
†hLv‡b wZwb e‡j‡Qb, K L,GROK M
I
K hK 9F "LOK H:
G;
G E +G Vl 5
H G 2K ÔGUv †h
Aek¨B ZvjvK, G e¨vcv‡i †Kvb Qvnvex †_‡K weï×fv‡e ewY©Z nqwbÕ|
me‡P‡q eo K_v nÕj, †h nv`x‡Qi e¨vL¨vq Bgvg wZiwghx D³ gš—e¨
K‡i‡Qb, †m nv`x‡Q GK FZzi BÏ‡Zi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q (wZiwghx
32
nv/1185)| AZGe Zuvi e³e¨ nv`x‡Qi we‡ivax n‡”Q|
FZzKv‡j ev cweÎZvKv‡j, mnevmK…Z ev mnevmnxb, mKj Ae¯’vq ¯¿x
Ô†LvjvÕ Ki‡Z cv‡i (wdK¡ûm mybœvn 2/323)| Ô†gvnivbvÕ wdwi‡q w`‡q ev
Ab¨ †Kvb gv‡ji wewbg‡q Ô†LvjvÕ KivB `jxj m¤§Z| Z‡e gv‡ji
wewbgq QvovI Ô†LvjvÕ nÕ‡Z cv‡i| we‡kl K‡i ¯^vgxi c¶ †_‡K hw`
¯¿x‡K ¶wZMÖ¯— Kivi KzgZje _v‡K, Z‡e †mLv‡b gv‡ji wewbgq QvovB
Av`vjZ Df‡qi g‡a¨ weevn we‡”Q` NUv‡Z cv‡i| KviY nv`x‡Q
G‡m‡Q, G G
H 2K *G G G
G 2K Ô¶wZMÖ¯— n‡qv bv Ges ¶wZ K‡iv bvÕ|33
Zvjv‡K ev‡qb (*M9
) :
Ô†h ZvjvK Øviv ¯¿x P~ovš—fv‡e c„_K n‡q hvq, Zv‡K Zvjv‡K ev‡qb ev
wew”QbœKvix ZvjvK e‡jÕ| GwU PviwU Ae¯’vq nÕ‡Z cv‡i|-
(1) mnev‡mi c~‡e©B ¯¿x‡K ZvjvK †Ìqv| GB Zvjv‡Ki †Kvb
BÏZKvj †bB, eis Zvjv‡Ki c‡iB ¯¿x Ab¨ ¯^vgx MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i
(Avnhve 33/49)|
32. P
G E:
G H !L GE CG ?R OK gA.* 9.+ 7 .;g l ,HL G
G G WK$K wZiwghx nv/1185; AÎ nv`x‡Qi
e¨vL¨vq Bgvg wZiwghx e‡jb, U
H
E OK F xKR OK K K]$K H G .HG^
E 8F R 4H !L +H H$ AH .R H R US
E OK y
G .KGYE G*
4S !L +H H G .HG^
E 8F R 4K !L +H ?N >H AE
H H EiK *G gA.* 9.+ 7 .;g m ,HL p
H G:;
E OK E H AH .R H R
vP G&H S K {K H ]K .N-K 8F R A_P e³e¨wU Zuvi AvbxZ nv`x‡Qi wecixZ Ges GwU
QvnvexM‡YiI wecixZ|- bvqjyj AvIZ¡vi 6/295 Ô†LvjvÕ Aa¨vq|
33. Beby gvRvn nv/2340-41; Qnxnvn nv/250|
Contents
(2) hLb Z…Zxq ZvjvK c~Y© n‡e| †hgb cÖ_gevi cweÎ nIqvi c‡iB
mnevmnxb Ae¯’vq GK ZvjvK w`j| 2q evi GKBfv‡e ZvjvK w`j|
Z…Zxq evi GKBfv‡e ZvjvK w`j| wKš‘ Gevi Avi †dir wb‡Z cvi‡e
bv| †Kbbv H ZvjvK Gevi Ôev‡qbÕ Zvjv‡K cwiYZ nÕj| Gici Zvi
c‡¶ Avi c~e© ¯^vgxi Kv‡Q wd‡i hvevi c_ †bB| hZ¶Y bv †m Ab¨Î
†¯^”Qvq weevn K‡i I †¯^”Qvq ZvjvKcÖvßv nq (evK¡vivn 2/229-Gi
cÖ_gvsk I 230)|
(3) gv‡ji wewbg‡q ¯^vgxi wbKU †_‡K ¯¿xi ZvjvK MÖnY Kiv| hv‡K
Ô†LvjvÕ ejv nq (evK¡vivn 2/229-Gi †klvsk)| G mgq ¯^vgx †Kej
ZLbB gv‡ji wewbgq cv‡e, hLb †m ¯¿xi †gvnivbv m¤ú~Y© cwi‡kva
K‡i ivL‡e| b‡Pr ¯¿xi wbKU †_‡K wewbg‡qi `vex Kiv hv‡e bv|
(4) ¯^vgxi †Kvb gvivZ¥K Î“wUi Kvi‡Y ev `xN© Kvivev‡mi Kvi‡Y ev
`xN©w`b ¯^vgx wb‡LvuR nIqvi Kvi‡Y Av`vj‡Zi gva¨‡g ¯¿x KZ…K
© weevn
34
evwZj Kiv| GUv‡K Ôwdm&‡L wbKvnÕ e‡j|
BÏZ (NI) :
A_© MYbv Kiv| cvwifvwlK A‡_© ¯^vgx †_‡K we‡”Q‡ì c‡i ev ¯^vgxi
g„Zyï c‡i Ab¨Î weevn e¨ZxZ ¯¿x †h mgqKvj AwZevwnZ K‡i, Zv‡K
BÏZKvj ejv nqÕ| Rv‡njx hy‡M GwU cÖPwjZ wQj| Bmjvgx hy‡MI
†mwU envj ivLv nq|
BÏZ cvjb Kiv IqvwReÕ (evK¡vivn 2/228)| ivm~j (Qvt) ZvjvKcÖvßv
dv‡Zgv web‡Z K¡v‡qm‡K Zvi PvPv‡Zv fvB AÜ Qvnvex Avãyj−vn Be‡b
D‡¤§ gvKZ~‡gi M„‡n wZb gv‡mi BÏZ cvjb Kivi wb‡`©k †`b (gymwjg
nv/1480)|
BÏZ cvjb Kivi Kj¨vYKvwiZv :
(1) M‡f© mš—vb Av‡Q wK-bv wbwðZ nIqv Ges hv‡Z A‡bï Jim Zvi
mv‡_ hy³ bv n‡q hvq (evK¡vivn 2/228)|
34. Avãyj−vn web hv‡q` Av‡j gvng~`, AvZ-ZvjvKzm mybœx Iqvj †e`ÔC (K¡vZvi : miKvix
cÖKvkbv 1984) c„. 62|
Contents
(2) ¯^vgx-¯¿x cybivq msmvi Ki‡Z cvi‡e wK-bv wPš—vi my‡hvM †Ìqv|
(3) weev‡ni ¸i“Z¡ eySv‡bv GB g‡g© †h, weevn Kiv I Zv wQbœ Kiv
`yÕwUB AZxe ¸i“Z¡c~Y© welq| GwU †Lj-Zvgvkvi welq bq †h, hLb
Lykx MÖnY Kie I hLb Lykx †Q‡o wè|
(4) weevn GKwU ¯’vqx welq| Gi `~ieZ©x mvgvwRK Kj¨vYKvwiZv
Abyaveb Kiv|35
BÏ‡Zi cÖKvi‡f` :
(1) mnevmK…Z ¯¿xi Rb¨ wZb FZz (evK¡vivn 2/228)|
(2) bvevwjKv A_ev FZz eÜ nIqv bvixi Rb¨ wZb gvm (ZvjvK 65/4)|
(3) mnevmK…Z ev mnevmnxb weaev ¯¿xi Rb¨ 4 gvm 10 w`b (evK¡vivn
2/234)|
(4) Mf©eZx bvixi Rb¨ Mf© Lvjvm nIqv ch©š— (ZvjvK 65/4)|
(5) ZvjvKcÖvßv mnevmnxb ¯¿xi Rb¨ †Kvb BÏZ †bB (Avnhve 33/49)|
(6) Ô†LvjvÕ-i BÏZ nÕj GK FZz (bvmvC nv/3497)|
Awm× ZvjvK (O9
) :
1. †µvavÜ Ae¯’vi ZvjvK : †µvavÜ Ae¯’vq gvbyl ¯^vfvweK Ávb
nvwi‡q †d‡j| †mKvi‡Y `v¤úZ¨ Rxe‡bi wm×vš—Kvix GB ¸i“Z¡c~Y©
welqwU µz× Ae¯’vq w`‡j Bmjvgx kixÔAvZ H ZvjvK‡K AMÖvn¨
K‡i‡Q| †µvavÜ ej‡Z H †µva‡K eySvq, †h †µv‡a ¯^vgxi wnZvwnZ
Ávb k~b¨ n‡q hvqÕ|36
35. AwjDj−vn Avngv` web Avãyi inxg †`njfx (1114-1176 wn./1703-1762 L„.),
û¾vZyj−vwnj ev‡jMvn (ZvnKxK : mvBwq` mv‡eK¡, êiƒZ : `vi“j Rxj, 1g ms¯‹iY
1426 wn./2005 L„.) ÔBÏZÕ Aby‡”Q` 2/219-20 c„.; wdK¡ûm mybœvn 2/341|
36. W. IQnevn Avh-hynvqjx, Avj-wdK¡ûj Bmjvgx Iqv Avw`j−vZzn~ (êiƒZ : `vi“j
wdK&i 2q ms¯‹iY 1405/1985) 7/365 c„.|
Contents
2. cvMj, gvZvj ev AcÖK…wZ¯’ Ae¯’vi ZvjvK : GB Ae¯’vq †Ìqv

†Kvb ZvjvK MÖvn¨ n‡e bv| GBiƒc GK e¨w³‡K Ljxdv Igi web
Avãyj Avhxh †bkv Kivi kvw¯— ¯îƒc (Avwk) †eZ †g‡iwQ‡jb|
AZtci Zvi ¯¿x‡K Zvi Kv‡Q †dir w`‡qwQ‡jb|37 Z‡e nvbvdx gvhnve
g‡Z GB Ae¯’vq ZvjvK cwZZ n‡e (Kz`~ix c„. 156)|
3. hei`w¯— ZvjvK : ¯^vgxi B”Qvi wei“‡× ej cÖ‡qvM K‡i, fq-fxwZ
†`wL‡q ev cÖZviYv K‡i Zvi wbKU †_‡K ZvjvK Av`vq Kiv wbwl×|
eis Hme ¯¿xi Rb¨ Ô†LvjvÕ Kivi eë¯’v i‡q‡Q|
Qvnvev‡q †Kivg hei`w¯— ZvjvK‡K ZvjvK wnmv‡e MY¨ Ki‡Zb bv
(hv`yj gvÔAv` 5/189)| Rgn~i weØvbM‡Yi wbK‡U hei`w¯— ZvjvK cwZZ
n‡e bv| Z‡e nvbvdx gvhnve g‡Z cwZZ n‡e| †Kbbv nv`x‡Q G‡m‡Q,
weevn, ZvjvK I ivRÔAvZ GB wZbwU wel‡q nvwm-VvÆv MÖnY‡hvM¨
bqÕ|38 AZGe hei`w¯— Ae¯’vq ZvjvK cwZZ n‡e|
Reve: nvwm-VvÆv Avi hei`w¯— GK e¯‘ bq| AZGe hei`w¯— ZvjvK
cwZZ bv nIqvUvB nv`xQ I hyw³ m¤§Z|39
4. FZzKv‡j ev †bdvm Ae¯’vq ZvjvK, mnevmK…Z cweÎ Ae¯’vq
ZvjvK, mnevmnxb GKB Zzn‡i GKwÎZ ev c„_Kfv‡e wZb ZvjvK
cÖ`vb Kiv|
hei`w¯—, µz×, cvMj, †eûuk, AÁvb, bvevjK ev wb›`ªve¯’vq D”PvwiZ
ev cÖ`Ë ZvjvK wnmv‡e ZvjvK MY¨ n‡e bv| hvi `jxj mg~n wbgœiƒc :
37. hv`yj gvÔAv` 5/191; Avey gynv¤§v` Avjx Beby nvhg Av›`vjymx KziZzex (384-456
wn.), Avj-gynvj−v wej AvQvi, ZvnKxK : W. Avãyj Mvddvi myjvqgvb Avj-ev›`vix
êiƒZ : `vi“j KzZzwej BjwgBqvn, Zvwe) 9/473-74, gvmAvjv µwgK 1964-Gi
Av‡jvPbv|
38. S G
E L G* M
FK -N G* `
F Km ! H L BF SuE
G *G ! H L
F !l H
~
K {K wZiwghx nv/1184; Avey`vE`
nv/2194; Beby gvRvn nv/2039; wgkKvZ nv/3284; mb` nvmvb, BiIqv nv/1862,
6/224|
39. Avj-wdK¡ûj Bmjvgx Iqv Avw`j−vZzn~ 7/367|
Contents
(1) Avj−vn e‡jb, [H8G -

R F 9F ,F.R wK*G 6G H R OS E G 2N >H 9H "HG>H !H E G E H 7
H H G _K K E G
g?H G@HRH Ôhvi Dc‡i (Kzdixi Rb¨) hei`w¯— Kiv nq, A_P Zvi ü`q
Cgv‡bi Dci AUj _v‡K, †m e¨ZxZÕ (bvn&j 16/106)| ivm~jyjv− n (Qvt)
e‡jb, AG .HG:
E G L&G m ,H5
L H +G *G
K ]H EG(
E G L&G AH HL H +G P {K
K {K E +G AF .K]K R G $HF
UK ]H E G L&G ?H F
E 8G R H +G *G ÔwZbwU e¨vcv‡i Kjg DwV‡q †bqv n‡q‡Q (K)
Nygš— e¨w³ hZ¶Y bv RvMwiZ nq (L) bvevjK wkï hZ¶Y bv ev‡jM
nq (M) Ávbnviv e¨w³ hZ¶Y bv my¯’ Ávb wd‡i cvqÕ|40 wZwb AviI
e‡jb, gM PK iK H$ M
G G+G 2K *G M
G
K hK 2K ÔZvjvK †bB I `vmgyw³ †bB
41
ÔMvjvK¡Õ Ae¯’vqÕ| ÔMvjvK¡Õ ev ÔwMjvK¡Õ A_© eÜ nIqv| †µvavÜ,
cvMj I hei`w¯—i Ae¯’vq gvby‡li ¯^vfvweK Ávb †jvc cvq I
B”Qvkw³ AKvh©Ki nq| †mKviY G Ae¯’v‡K ÔwMjvK¡Õ ejv nq|42
Dc‡i ewY©Z Ae¯’vi ZvjvK mg~n‡K KziAvb I mybœvn&i †Kv_vI kviC
ZvjvK e‡j MY¨ Kiv nqwb| Z_vwc G‡K cieZ©x‡Z ÔZvjv‡K¡ †e`ÔCÕ
ev we`ÔAvZx ZvjvK bv‡g AwfwnZ K‡i êa Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges
GKwÎZfv‡e wZb ZvjvK w`‡j ÔH e¨w³ †MvbvnMvi n‡eÕ ejv m‡Ë¡I
ZvjvK n‡q hv‡e e‡j drIqv †Ìqv n‡q‡Q|43
40. Avey`vE` nv/4403; wZiwghx nv/1423; wgkKvZ nv/3287|
41. Avey`vE` nv/2193; Beby gvRvn nv/2046; wgkKvZ nv/3285|
42. Avey`vE` e‡jb,
H G G R H$ 9F lkS OK M
F
K H R ÔwMjvK¡ A_© Avwg g‡b Kwi iv‡Mi Ae¯’vq
n‡q _v‡KÕ| hvqjvC e‡jb, P E OK U
N S *G K?F
F RG* G
G G RG* G6GR @HR Al F G 9F "LOK p
F G5
L G*
p
G G,R G .KiK E H ~ FYWR G F6!F 5
E wK *G 9F 8F .R +H 9H ,H&H G; K.+G G .KG "E ÔmwVK K_v nÕj, GwU hei`w¯—,
†µva, cvMj I Ab¨ mKj Ae¯’v‡K kvwgj K‡i| hLb e¨w³i Ávb I msKí eÜ n‡q
hvq| hv p
G G,R G .KiK ÔìRv eÜ KivÕ nÕ‡Z M„nxZÕ (RvgvjyÏxb Avey gynv¤§v` hvqjvC AvQ-
Q~gvjx (g„. 762 wn.), bvQeyi ivÕqvn †j Avnv`xwQj †n`vqvn (êiƒZ : gyIqvmmvmvZzi ivBqvb,
1g ms¯‹iY 1418/1997) ÔAvm-mybœvn wdZ-ZvjvKÕ Aby‡”Q` 3/223 c„.)|
43. G wK*G b
G HK UK G $K K@H$K !P &H G* P BE hS H$ Z{
K {K *E OK 4P !G &H G* P 8G .HK H Z{
K {K GB]K .-K F ?R OK H +G !E ,HR M
F
K hK *G
gz;
H G+ ?K K*G 9F EH
E "GG*G M
F
K -N Avngv` web gynv¤§v` Aveyj †nvmv‡qb Avj-Kz`~ix
Contents
Dcmsnvi (0PQ) :
ì‡m KziAv‡b D×„Z I m~iv‡q Zvjv‡K ewY©Z K‡qKwU Avqv‡Z
Avj−vncvK mKj cÖKvi Zvjv‡Ki e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb|44 †hgb (1)
mnevmnxb ¯¿x‡K ZvjvK cÖ`vb| GB Zvjv‡Ki †Kvb BÏZKvj †bB
(Avnhve 33/49)| (2) mnevmK…Z ¯¿x‡K Z…Zxq ZvjvK cÖ`vb| GB ¯¿x
Zvi ¯^vgxi Dc‡i nvivg n‡q hv‡e, hZ¶Y bv †m wØZxq ¯^vgx MÖnY K‡i
I †mLvb †_‡K †¯^”Qvq ZvjvKcÖvßv nq (evK¡vivn 2/230)| (3) †Lvjv,
hv wZb Zvjv‡Ki evB‡i Ges ¯¿xi c¶ nÕ‡Z cÖ`Ë gv‡ji wewbg‡q
¯^vgxi wbKU †_‡K wew”Qbœ nq (evK¡vivn 229-Gi †klvsk)| (4) Zvjv‡K
ivRÔC, †hLv‡b GK ev `yyB ZvjvK †Ìqvi ci ¯¿x‡K BÏ‡Zi g‡a¨
mivmwi ev BÏ‡Zi ci bZzb weev‡ni gva¨‡g ¯^vgx †dir wb‡Z cv‡i
(evK¡vivn 2/228-Gi †klvsk; 229-Gi cÖ_gvsk I 232)|
cÖ‡Z¨K Zvjv‡KiB wfbœ wfbœ cÖK…wZ I wfbœ wfbœ wbqg-c×wZ i‡q‡Q|
†mBme c×wZi evB‡i ZvjvK w`‡j Zv we`ÔAvZ n‡e, hv cÖZ¨vL¨vZ|
FZzKvj ev †bdvm Ae¯’vq ZvjvK †Ìqv, GK gRwR‡m wZb ZvjvK
†Ìqv ev GKB Zzn‡i c„_Kfv‡e wZb ZvjvK †Ìqv, Dc‡i ewY©Z Pvi
cÖKvi Zvjv‡Ki evB‡i m¤ú~Y© we`ÔAvZx cÖ_v| ZvjvK †Kvb †Ljbvi
e¯‘ bq †h, G‡K B”QvgZ eënvi Kiv hvq| ZeyI hw` †KD Giƒc
K‡i, ZvnÕ‡j †mwU GK Zvjv‡K ivRÔC n‡e| †hgbwU ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi
hvgvbvq Zv‡K GK Zvjv‡K ivRÔC MY¨ Kiv nÕZ| hv‡Z AbyZß ¯^vgx-
¯¿x cybivq GKwÎZ nÕ‡Z cv‡i Ges ms‡kvab I mg‡SvZvi my‡hvM
wb‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ H we`ÔAvZx ZvjvK‡K ev‡qb Zvjv‡Ki K‡Vvi
Avj-evM`v`x (362-428 wn.), gyLZvQvi“j Kz`~ix wdj wdK¡wnj nvbvdx (`vi“j

KzZzwej BjwgBqvn, 1g ms¯‹iY 1418/1997) ÔZvjvKÕ Aa¨vq 154 c„.; H, w`j−x
Qvcv, 1333 wn./1915 L„. 170 c„.; Aveyj †nvmv‡qb Avjx web AveyeKi Avj-
gviMxbvbx Avj-dviMvbx (511-593 wn.), Avj-†n`vqv dx kvi‡n †e`vqvwZj gyeZv`x
(êiƒZ : `vi“ GnBqvBZ ZzivwQj ÔAvivex, Zvwe) ÔZvjvKÕ Aa¨vq cÖ_gvsk 1/221; H,
†Ìe›` Qvcv, 1380 wn./1960 L„. Ômybœx ZvjvKÕ Aby‡”Q`, 2/355 c„.|
44. hv`yj gvÔAv` 5/224-26|
Contents
wm×vš— cÖ`vb Kivi d‡j gymwjg cvwievwiK Rxe‡b †b‡g G‡m‡Q

Akvwš—i Mvp Agvwbkv| Avi Zv †_‡K wb®K…wZi Rb¨ Zvnjxj-Gi †h
c_ evrjv‡bv n‡q‡Q, Zv AviI AÜKvi I AviI wbK…ó| gvhnv‡ei
†`vnvB w`‡q cÖKvk¨ e¨wfPv‡ii GB †bvsiv cÖ_v eÜ Kivi Rb¨
`vwqZ¡kxj Ijvgv‡q †Kivg, mgvR I miKvi‡K mvnmx c`‡¶c wb‡q
GwM‡q Avm‡Z n‡e|
me‡k‡l ejv P‡j †h, eZ©gv‡b we‡kl K‡i cvK-fviZ Dcgnv‡`‡k
GB we`ÔAvZx ZvjvKB cÖvq me©Î Pvjy i‡q‡Q| mybœvZx Zvjv‡Ki LeiB
A‡b‡K Rv‡b bv| AZGe ÔZvnjxjÕ-Gi KzcÖ_v eÜ Ki‡Z PvB‡j GK
gRwj‡m wZb ZvjvK‡K wZb ZvjvK MY¨ Kivi we`ÔAvZx Zvjv‡Ki cÖ_v
Av‡M eÜ Ki‡Z n‡e Ges RbMY‡K kviC Zvjv‡Ki Kj¨vY weavb
m¤ú‡K© AewnZ Ki‡Z n‡e| Avj−vn Avgv‡ì ZvIdxK w`b|- Avgxb!
Contents
Zvnjxj∗ ( 0R,S)

7
| G G K :AG .NG *G 9H E.K+G 7
| N.;
G 7
| SE F G K wK K wK P E F (
E G H E 7
H !H ,E+G E +G
: 9F E+G P G*G H $H*G g}
l XH H E m*G K G G F E*G G #F G FOK 6F G*G 9F K UK .N:
G 8F RG* UK .:
G 8F R
l H H L! 6F *G G 9F K UK .N:
G 8F R*G UK .:
G 8F R gAG .NG *G 9H E.K+G 7
| N.;
Gg7
H S E F G G G K
gVP E:
H;
G P GE @HH

H ELH AE S F ,HYE OS 2K OK : AG .NG *G 9H E.K+G 7
| S E F G K Kw K Kw P H G+ H E K ,G]R +F E +G *G
UK .:
G 8F R 7
| G G K SU.:
G 8F R G
F :K Kw 7
H K E F G G K.G :ESKw HGG(
E 8F R
gP (
G &G P GE @HH AF H G:R*G l ]H BG E,GR*G K G G F E 6F G*G 9F K UK .N:
G 8F RG*
Abyev` : (1) Avãyj−vn web gvmÔE` (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)
Gikv` K‡ib †h, Avj−vn jvÔbZ K‡i‡Qb nvjvjKvix I hvi Rb¨ nvjvj
Kiv nq Dfq e¨w³‡KÕ| Zuvi †_‡K Ab¨ GK eY©bvq G‡m‡Q, Ôivm~jj y v− n
45
(Qvt) jvÔbZ K‡i‡QbÕ..| (2) DK¡ev web ÔAv‡gi (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z
ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Gikv` K‡ib, Avwg wK †Zvgv‡ì‡K fvov‡U lvuo
m¤ú‡K© Lei wè bv? QvnvexMY ej‡jb, Aek¨B †n Avj−vn&i ivm~j!
ZLb wZwb ej‡jb, †m nÕj H nvjvjKvix e¨w³| Avj−vn jvÔbZ
K‡i‡Qb nvjvjKvix I hvi Rb¨ nvjvj Kiv nq Dfq e¨w³‡KÕ|46
ÔZvnjxjÕ (U.:) A_© : nvjvj Kiv| cÖPwjZ A‡_© GKwÎZ wZb
ZvjvK cÖvßv ¯¿x‡K Zvi c~e© ¯^vgxi wbK‡U wdwi‡q †Ìqvi Rb¨ wØZxq
∗ ÔcÖPwjZ wnj−v cÖ_vÕ bv‡g AÎ wbeÜwU gvwmK AvZ-ZvnixK M‡elYv cwÎKvi 4_© el© 5g
msL¨vq †deª“qvix 2001 mv‡j Ôì‡m nv`xQÕ Kjv‡g cÖKvwkZ nq|
45. Avey`vE` nv/2076; Beby gvRvn nv/1935; wZiwghx nv/1120; `v‡igx nv/2258;
wgkKvZ nv/3296|
46. Beby gvRvn nv/1936, mb` nvmvb; evqnvK¡x nv/13965, 7/208 c„.; nv‡Kg
nv/2804, 2/199 c„.; BiIqvDj Mvjxj 6/309-10; hv`yj gvÔAv` 5/100-01|
Contents
GKRb‡K ¯^í mg‡qi Rb¨ ¯^vgx‡Z¡ eiY K‡i mnevm †k‡l ZvjvK
wb‡q cÖ_g ¯^vgxi Rb¨ Zv‡K nvjvj Kiv| G‡`‡k GB ai‡bi weevn‡K
Ôwnj−vÕ weevn ejv nq|
eyj~¸j gviv‡gi fvl¨MÖš’ myeyjym mvjvg-Gi †jLK Avgxi QvbÔAvbx
e‡jb, G nv`xQ nÕj ÔZvnjxjÕ nvivg nIqvi `jxj| †Kbbv nvivg
Kg©Kvix e¨w³ e¨ZxZ A‡bï Dci jvÔbZ Kiv nq bv| Avi cÖ‡Z¨K
nvivg e¯‘ wbwl×| GLv‡b wbwl×Zvi `vex nÕj weevn f½ nIqv|
....Zvnjxj-Gi A‡bK¸wj c×wZ †jv‡Kiv eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| ...jvÔbZ-
Gi Kvi‡Y me c×wZi Zvnjxj ev wnj−v weevn evwZj (dvwm`)|47
wZiwghxi fvl¨Kvi Avãyi ingvb gyeviKcyix e‡jb, Zv‡eCMY QvovI
gyRZvwn` dK¡xnM‡Yi g‡a¨ kv‡dC, Avngv`, BmnvK¡, mywdqvb QIix,
Avãyj−vn Bebyj gyeviK cÖgyL mevB D³ nv`x‡Qi Dc‡i Avgj K‡i
Zvnjxj‡K nvivg e‡j‡Qb I Gi Dc‡iB Zuv‡ì drIqv i‡q‡Q (Zzndv
4/223)|
c¶vš—‡i Bgvg Avey nvbxdv (int) I Zuvi wklë„›` Zvnjxj‡K Rv‡qh
†i‡L‡Qb Ges gvbbxq Ô†n`vqvÕ †jLK D³ nv`xQ Øviv `jxj G‡b‡Qb|
AZtci †n`vqv-i fvl¨Kvi hvqjvÔC Zvi c‡¶ hyw³ †`wL‡q‡Qb †h,
E .K$K U :
G .R H
F ,HxR8F R G
F UK .:
G 8F R ?N WH `
H Km H :
L;
H G .K+G N G
Z .:
G F 6F L8G 8L K
g
Z .:
G F 6F L8G G8K z!H K$ ?K K
ÔhLb ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) H e¨w³‡K nvjvjKvix e‡j‡Qb, ZLb GUvB
ÔZvnjxjÕ-Gi weevn wm× nIqvi `jxj| †Kbbv nvjvjKvix e¨w³ c~e©
¯^vgxi Rb¨ Zvi ¯¿x‡K cÖwZwôZ K‡i| AZGe hw` Zvnjxj-Gi weevn
evwZj nÕZ, ZvnÕ‡j H e¨w³‡K nvjvjKvix ejv nÕZ bvÕ|48 Rv‡gÔ
47. gynv¤§v` web BmgvCj Avgxi“j Bqvgvb AvQ-QvbÔAvbx (1099-1182 wn./1688-

1768 L„.), myeyjym mvjvg kin eyj~¸j gvivg (Kvq‡iv : `vi“i ivBqvb wjZ-ZzivQ,
4_© ms¯‹iY 1407 wn./1987 L„.) nv/936, 3/268 c„.|
48. bvQeyi ivÕqvn 3/240 c„.|
Contents
wZiwghxi Ab¨Zg fvl¨Kvi †`De‡›ì mv‡eK gynZvwgg Av‡bvqvi kvn

Kvk¥xix wZiwghxi kin ÔAvidzk kvhx‡Z e‡jb, Avgv‡ì wbKU cÖwm×
K_v GB †h, Zvnjxj-Gi kZ©wU cvchy³ nÕ‡jI weevn wm× n‡e|....
Avgv‡ì †Kvb †Kvb wKZv‡e i‡q‡Q †h, hw` kã D”Pvi‡Yi gva¨‡g
¯¿x‡K wdwi‡q †Ìqvi kZ© bv Kiv nq, ZvnÕ‡jI GKRb gymjgvb
fvB‡qi DcKvi Kivq nvjvjKvix e¨w³i Rb¨ Zv‡Z QIqve i‡q‡QÕ|49
Qv‡n‡e Zzndv e‡jb, eis †Kvb †Kvb nvbvdx MÖ‡š’ cwi®‹vi ejv Av‡Q
†h, Df‡qi g‡a¨ wdwi‡q †Ìqvi kZ© _vK‡jI nvjvjKvix e¨w³
QIqv‡ei AwaKvix n‡e (I F WR G 9F "LOK) Zv‡ì ga¨Kvi (cvwievwiK)
ÔBQjvnÕ ev ms‡kva‡bi Rb¨| ej‡ZwK G cÖ_vB G‡`‡k (Dcgnv‡`‡k)
Pvjy Av‡Q Ges Zviv Gi gva¨‡g †bKxi KvR Ki‡Qb e‡j g‡b K‡i
_v‡Kb| Avj−vn Zv‡ì‡K mwVK ZvnKx‡Ki w`‡K c_ cÖ`k©b Ki“bÕ!50
Rev‡e ejv P‡j †h, nv`x‡Q ÔnvjvjKvixÕ K_vwU ejv n‡q‡Q nvjvjKvix
e¨w³i wbR¯^ aviYv Abyhvqx| hwÌ GwU Avj−vn&i wbK‡U nvivg| †hgb
gykwiK I we`ÔAvZxiv †bKxi KvR g‡b K‡iB wkiK I we`ÔAvZ mg~n
K‡i _v‡K| A_P †m¸wj Avj−vn&i wbK‡U nvivg| G¶‡Y †h e¨w³
Zvnjxj K‡i, †m †mªd GB wbq‡ZB K‡i †h, Gi gva¨‡g H gwnjvwUi
Rb¨ Zvi c~e© ¯^vgxi wbK‡U wd‡i hvevi c_ Ly‡j hv‡e Ges Zv‡K Zvi
Rb¨ AvBbwm× K‡i †`‡e| gy‡L ejyK ev bv ejyK, kZ© Ki“K ev bv
Ki“K, cÖPwjZ Zvnjxj ev wnj−v weevn gv‡bB nÕj GUv| Zvnjxj KL‡bvB
weevn bq| GwU †mªd A¯’vqx I mvgwqK Kg©| AZGe kixÔAv‡Zi `„wó‡Z
G‡K weevn ejv Ab¨vq| †Kbbv weevn nÕj ¯’vqx eë¯’v Ges Zvi wecixZ
nÕj †hbv, hv A¯’vqx I mvgwqK Kg©| wnj−v-I †mUvB|
49. A.( 9YO _" 9" p{ 9 U:H$ _. > 9"O , v *
Av‡bvqvi kvn Kvk¥xix (1875-1933 L„.), Avj-ÔAvidzk kvhx kviû mybvwbZ wZiwghx
(êiƒZ : `vi“Z ZzivwQj ÔAvivex, 1g ms¯‹iY 1425 wn./2004 L„.) 2/378 c„.|
50. Avãyi ingvb gyeviKcyix (g„. 1353 wn./1934 L„.), ZzndvZzj Avn&Iqvhx kin wZiwghx
(êiƒZ : `vi“j KzZzwej BjwgBqvn, Zvwe) nv/1120-Gi e¨vL¨v, 4/222-24; Aviex
wgkKvZ (w`j−x Qvcv, cÖKvkK : Gg`vw`qv jvB‡eªix XvKv, Zvwe) c„. 284 UxKv-13|
Contents
Zvnjxj-Gi ûKzg ( (4)) :
nhiZ Avãyj−vn Beby Igi (ivt) e‡jb, !H BE +G K.+G z&K_

H KX
G !l F "G LS
Z GG G EH
E +H xKK G ?R >H*G H EG"HjG 2K uG G 2K :K Kw* AG .NG *G 9H E.K+G 7
| N.;
G 7
H H FG
gBG .N:
H F ?R OK !F EH F 9F "LOK AG .H+G K >H ÔAvgiv ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi hvgvbvq GwU‡K
†hbv wnmv‡e MY¨ KiZvgÕ| wZwb e‡jb, ÔGiv `yÕR‡bB e¨wfPvix| hwÌ
Zviv 20 eQi hveZ Gfv‡e AwZevwnZ K‡i| hLb cyi“l †jvKwU
Rvb‡e †h, gwnjvwU‡K nvjvj Kivi Rb¨ †m G KvR Ki‡QÕ|51 Igi
dviƒK (ivt) ej‡Zb, G8BF F8E
G G 2N >H 9F K UP .N:
G F 2K *G U :
H 8F H GC*SO 2K
ÔnvjvjKvixÕ e¨w³ ev hvi Rb¨ nvjvj Kiv n‡q‡Q, Ggb KvD‡K Avbv
nÕ‡j Avwg H `yÕRb‡K †mªd ÔiRgÕ Kie|52 A_©vr e¨wfPvixi `Êwewa
Abyhvqx eyK ch©š— gvwU‡Z Rxeš— cyu‡Z cv_i †g‡i gv_v dvwU‡q †kl
K‡i †è|
nv‡dh Bebyj K¡vBwqg (int) e‡jb, Zvnjxj-Gi mgq gy‡L kZ© Ki“K
ev bv Ki“K, g`xbvevmx weØvbgÊjx Ges Avnjyj nv`xQ I Zv‡ì
dK¡xn‡ì wbK‡U H weevn evwZj| †Kbbv GB mvgwqK I evwn¨K
weevn wg_¨v I †auvKv Qvov Avi wKQzB bq| Avj−vn †cÖwiZ kixÔAv‡Z
GUv wm× bq Ges GUv †Kvb wKQz‡K wm× Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| †Kbbv Gi
AKj¨vY Kvi“ wbK‡U †Mvcb bqÕ (hv`yj gvÔAv` 5/101)|
Bgvg Beby Zvqwgqvn (int) e‡jb, Avj−vn&i Øxb cweÎ I cwi”Qbœ| Zv
KL‡bvB nvivg cš’vq †Kvb bvix‡K nvjvj Kivi AbygwZ †`q bv|
51. gynv¤§v` bv‡Qi“Ïxb Avjevbx (1333-1420 wn./1914-1999 L„.), BiIqvDj Mvjxj

dx ZvLix‡R Avnv`x‡Q gvbvwim mvexj (êiƒZ : Avj-gvKZveyj Bmjvgx, 2q ms¯‹iY
1405 wn./1985 L„.) nv/1898, 6/311; nv‡Kg nv/2806; evqnvK¡x nv/13967,
7/208; gyQvbœvd Avãyi ivhhvK nv/10778; wdK¡ûm mybœvn 2/134|
52. evqnvK¡x nv/13969, 7/208; gyQvbœvd Be‡b Avex kvqev nv/37344; gyQvbœvd Avãyi
ivhhvK nv/10777; wdK¡ûm mybœvn 2/134|
Contents
hZ¶Y bv †Kvb cï ¯^fv‡ei cyi“l‡K Ôfvov‡U luvoÕ wnmv‡e D³ Kv‡R

jvMv‡bv nq| wZwb e‡jb, wKfv‡e †Kvb nvivg e¯‘ Ab¨‡K nvjvj
Ki‡Z cv‡i? wKfv‡e †Kvb AcweÎ e¯‘ Ab¨‡K cweÎ Ki‡Z cv‡i?
wKfv‡e H e¨w³ wbwf©K nÕ‡Z cv‡i, hvi ü`q‡K Avj−vn Bmjv‡gi Rb¨
cÖmvwiZ K‡i‡Qb Ges Aš—i‡K Cgv‡bi b~‡i Av‡jvwKZ K‡i‡Qb? GwU
nÕj wbK…ó welq mg~‡ni g‡a¨ me©vwaK wbK…ó| hv †Kvb Ávbxi
we‡ePbvq Avm‡Z cv‡i bv, bexM‡Yi kixÔAvZ `~‡i _vK| m‡e©vcwi
Bmjv‡g, hv nÕj †kªôZg kixÔAvZ?53
mvBwq` mvweK¡ e‡jb, ÔGUvB mwVK K_v Ges GK_vB e‡jb, Bgvg
gv‡jK, Avngv`, QIix, Avnjyh hv‡ni Ges Ab¨vb¨ dK¡xnMY| †hgb
nvmvb eQix, Beivnxg bvL&C, K¡vZv`vn, jvBQ web mvÔ`, Avãyj−vn
Bebyj gyeviK cÖgyL weØvbMY| c¶vš—‡i Bgvg Avey nvbxdv I hydvi
(int) e‡jb, Zvnjxj-Gi mgq hw` kZ© K‡i, ZvnÕ‡j weevn wm×
n‡e| Z‡e Zv gvKiƒn n‡e| †Kbbv Ab¨vq k‡Z©i Rb¨ weevn evwZj
nÕ‡Z cv‡i bv| Bgvg Avey BDmyd (int)-Gi g‡Z D³ weevn evwZj
(dvwm`) n‡e| †Kbbv GwU mvgwqK weevn (hv kviC weev‡ni D‡Ïk¨
we‡ivax)| Bgvg gynv¤§v` (int)-Gi g‡Z weevn wm× n‡e| wKš‘ G‡Z
c~e© ¯^vgxi Rb¨ Zvi ¯¿x nvjvj n‡e bvÕ|54
†gvUK_v KziAv‡b ewY©Z wbqgvbymv‡i wZb Zzn‡i wZb ZvjvK †Ìqvi
ci ¯¿x †¯^”Qvq Ab¨ ¯^vgx MÖnY Ki‡e| AZtci hw` KL‡bv †mB ¯^vgx
†¯^”Qvq ZvjvK †`q Ges c~e© ¯^vgx Zv‡K cybivq AvMÖ‡ni mv‡_ MÖnY
Ki‡Z Pvq, ZLbB †Kej H ¯¿x Zvi cÖ_g ¯^vgxi wbK‡U bZzb weev‡ni
gva¨‡g †diZ Avm‡Z cv‡i (evK¡vivn 2/230)| G e¨ZxZ Ab¨ †Kvb
nxjv-evnvbv I †KŠkj K‡i ÔZvnjxjÕ bvgK †bvsiv cš’vi Avkªq wb‡q
c~e© ¯^vgxi wbK‡U wd‡i Avmvi †Kvb my‡hvM Avj−vn I Zuvi ivm~j (Qvt)
53. Avngv` Beby Zvqwgqvn `v‡gk&K¡x (661-728 wn./1263-1328 L„.), BK¡vgvZz` `jxj
ÔAvjv BeZ¡vwjZ Zvnjxj (êiƒZ : `vi“j gvÔwidvn, Zvwe) 347 c„.|
54. wdK¡ûm mybœvn 2/135-36|
Contents
†`bwb| hwÌ Dcgnv‡`‡k GB †bvsiv cÖ_vB Pj‡Q Bmjv‡gi bv‡g I

KziAvb-mybœvn&i †`vnvB w`‡q| A_P GwU nÕj Rv‡njx hy‡Mi g›` ixwZ|
hv gymjgvb‡ì g‡a¨ cybivq Pvjy n‡q‡Q D¤§‡Zi wKQz weØv‡bi nv`xQ
we‡ivax wm×v‡š—i Kvi‡Y Ges gvhnvex ZvK¡jx‡ì `ytLRbK cwiYwZ
wnmv‡e|
`~ieZ©x Zvexj mg~n ( NI9 $% ) :

(1) wgkKv‡Zi evsjv Abyev`K b~i †gvnv¤§v` AvÕRgx D³ nv`x‡Qi
e¨vL¨vq e‡jb, Aci nv`x‡Q nvjvjKvix‡K av‡ii lvuo ejv nBqv‡Q|
†Kn Kvnv‡iv wZb ZvjvK †Ìqv bvix G k‡Z© weevn Kwij †h, †m
mnevm Kwiqv Qvwoqv w`‡e hvnv‡Z cÖ_g ¯^vgx weevn Kwi‡Z cv‡i- GB
e¨w³‡K Ôgynv‡j−jÕ ev nvjvjKvix e‡j| Bgvg Avey nvwbdvi g‡Z
GBiƒc weevn Rv‡qR, Z‡e gvKiƒn Zvnwigx| wKš‘ Bgvg Avey BDQyd,
gv‡jK (GKgZ Abymv‡i kv‡dqx) I Bgvg Avng‡ì g‡Z GBiƒc
weevn dv‡Q`| cÖ_g ¯^vgxi c‡¶ H bvixi weevn Rv‡qR b‡n| nuv, k‡Z©
Ave× bv nBqv hw` †Kn cÖ_g ¯^vgxi DcKviv‡_© weevn K‡i Ges c‡i
Qvwoqv †`q Zvnv‡Z †m cyY¨ jvf Kwi‡e| nv`xQ Zvnvi cÖwZ cÖ‡hvR¨
b‡nÕ|55
wK gvivZ¥K åvwš—| nv`xQ cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e bv, Bgv‡gi ivq cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e|
A_P Bgvg Avey nvbxdv (int) e‡j †M‡Qb, BF $K % S E!H :
G R VL ;
G >
,H
G XR G ÔhLb Qnxn nv`xQ cv‡e, †R‡b †iL †mwUB Avgvi gvhnveÕ|56
(2) ˆmq` Aveyj AvÔjv gI`~`x ÔZvnjxjÕ ev cvZv‡bv we‡q m¤ú‡K©
Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z wM‡q e‡jb †h, ÔG ai‡bi we‡q‡Z Av‡M †_‡KB kZ©
55. gvIjvbv b~i †gvnv¤§` AvÕRgx, e½vbyev` †gkKvZ kixd (XvKv : Gg`vw`qv jvB‡eªix,
2q gy`ªY 1987 L„.) nv/4062, 6/323 c„.|
56. Beby Av‡e`xb, kvgx ivÏyj gynZvi kin `y‡i© gyLZvi (†Ìe›` : 1272wn.) 1/46 c„.;
H, (êiƒZ: `vi“j wdK&i 1399/1979) 1/67-68 c„. ; kvÔivbx, wKZveyj gxhvb 1/66
c„.; jv‡¶èŠex, gyK¡vÏvgv kin †eK¡vqvn (†Ìe›` Qvcv, Zvwe) 14 c„. 6ô jvBb|
Contents
_v‡K †h, bvix‡K Zvi c~e© ¯^vgxi Rb¨ nvjvj Kivi wbwg‡Ë GK e¨w³
Zv‡K we‡q Ki‡e Ges mnevm Kivi ci ZvjvK w`‡e| Bgvg Avey
BDmyd (int)-Gi g‡Z G ai‡bi kZ©h³ y we‡q Av‡`Š êa nq bv|
Bgvg Avey nvbxdv (int)-Gi g‡Z Gfv‡e Zvnjxj n‡q hv‡e, Z‡e
KvRwU gvKiƒn Zvnwigx ev nvivg ch©v‡qi gvKiƒnÕ| Gic‡i wZwb
(ì‡m ewY©Z Zvnjxj we‡ivax) `yÕwU nv`xQ G‡b †Kvbiƒc gš—e¨ I
wm×vš— QvovB Av‡jvPbv †kl K‡i‡Qb|57
`yÕRb Av‡jgB ¯^ ¯^ gvhnvex ZvK¡jx‡ì wbM‡o Ave× Ges ¯^vaxbfv‡e
nv`xQ AbymiY †_‡K weiZ|
Zvnjxj-Gi KviY ( 9) :
mvgwqK D‡ËRbv e‡k A_ev AÁZv e‡k ¯^vgx KL‡bv ¯¿x‡K wZb
ZvjvK GK‡Î w`‡q e‡m| d‡j Zvjv‡Ki msL¨vMZ mxgv †kl nIqvi
Kvi‡Y Zvi Aby‡kvPbv Qvov Avi wKQzB Kivi _v‡K bv| GgZve¯’vq
¯¿xi †cÖg, mš—v‡bi gvqv I msmv‡ii k„sLjv i¶vi ¯^v‡_© †m ¯¿x‡K wd‡i
cvIqvi Rb¨ GKmgq gwiqv n‡q I‡V| Iw`‡K ¯¿xi Ae¯’v nq Av‡iv
Ki“Y| †Pv‡Li cvwb Qvov Zvi Avi wKQzB ejvi _v‡K bv| wbR nv‡Z
Mov msmv‡ii gvqv Zv‡K cvMwjbx K‡i †d‡j| Df‡qi GB bvhyK
gvbwmK Ae¯’vq Zviv ¯^vgx-¯¿x cybwg©j‡bi Rb¨ †h‡Kvb KvR Ki‡Z
ivhx n‡q hvq| Avi Gmg‡qB ÔZvnjxjÕ-Gi †bvsiv c×wZ †ck Kiv
nq a‡g©i bv‡g| hv Zviv B”Qvi wei“‡× Keyj K‡i wb‡Z eva¨ nq|
mg‡SvZvi weavb (UJ 7 U- <T2 (4)) :
Zvjv‡Ki kviC c×wZ wnmv‡e KziAvb I nv`x‡Q ¯^vgx‡K Kgc‡¶ wZb
gvm fveevi AeKvk †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| hv‡Z BÏ‡Zi g‡a¨B Df‡qi g‡a¨
57. Aveyj AvÔjv gI`~`x (1903-1979 L„.), e½vbyev` Zvdnxgyj KziAvb (XvKv : AvaywbK
cÖKvkbx, 3q ms¯‹iY 1417 wn./1997 L„.) m~iv ZvjvK 1 Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨v, 17/207-
8 c„.|
Contents
GKUv mg‡SvZvi c_ †ewi‡q hvq| GQvovI Dfq cwiev‡ii ev

cwiev‡ii evB‡i GK GK Rb cÖwZwbwa wb‡q mg‡SvZv êVK Kivi
wb‡`©kI m~iv wbmv 35 Avqv‡Z †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| †hgb Avj−vn e‡jb,
G!EH F ?R >H GB.H
E OK E m Z8K&G *G 9H .H
E OK E m Z8K&G RSxG EK$ G8BH HEG M
G K]\H AE F_R YH ?R >H*G
-ZE,HYG Z8E.H+G ?K K 9G . ?N >H G8BF GEG 9F . H $G F Z&K;
E >H
ÔAvi hw` †Zvgiv (¯^vgx-¯¿x) Df‡qi g‡a¨ we‡”Q‡ì AvksKv Ki,
ZvnÕ‡j ¯^vgxi cwievi †_‡K GKRb I ¯¿xi cwievi †_‡K GKRb
kvwjm wbhy³ Ki| hw` Zviv Df‡q gxgvsmv Pvq, ZvnÕ‡j Avj−vn
Df‡qi g‡a¨ (m¤cÖxwZi) ZvIdxK `vb Ki‡eb| wbðqB Avj−vn me©Á
I wfZi-evwni mewKQz AewnZÕ (wbmv 4/35)| e¯‘Zt Dfq c‡¶i
`~i`kx© I Avj−vnfxi“ AwffveKMY A_ev †Kvb kw³kvjx wbi‡c¶
ms¯’v Ges m‡e©vcwi iv‡óªi c‡¶ miKvi GB `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡eb|
†Kbbv ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Gikv` K‡ib, 2
K E L H*G ?S K-.R (
l K$ E*F
G G\E ?H >
gKBK L H*G Ôhw` Zviv Av‡cv‡l SMov K‡i, ZvnÕ‡j kvmK AwffveK
n‡eb H e¨w³i Rb¨, hvi †Kvb AwffveK †bBÕ|58
Zvjv‡Ki D³ kviC c×wZ Aej¤^b Ki‡j ¯^vgx-¯¿x‡K Gfv‡e †Pvivc_
Zvjvk Ki‡Z nÕZ bv| GK ev `yB ZvjvK w`‡q †i‡L w`‡j BÏ‡Zi
g‡a¨ wdwi‡q wb‡q ev BÏZ P‡j †M‡j bZzb weev‡ni gva¨‡g Zviv
cybivq wgwjZ nÕ‡Z cviZ| e¯‘Zt Bmjv‡gi †Ìqv GB weavbB †Kej
hyw³ m¤§Z I f‡`ªvwPZ cš’v| G¶‡Y cÖkœ nÕj hw` †KD kviC cš’v ev`
w`‡q we`ÔAvZx cš’vq GK gRwj‡m wZb ZvjvK GKwÎZfv‡e ev GKB
Zzn‡i wZb ZvjvK c„_K c„_Kfv‡e w`‡q †`q, ZvÕn‡j Zvi ¯¿x ev‡qb
ZvjvK ev ¯’vqxfv‡e wew”Qbœ n‡e wK-bv|
58. wZiwghx nv/1102; Avey`vE` nv/2083; Beby gvRvn nv/1879; wgkKvZ nv/3131;
BiIqv nv/1840, 6/243|
Contents
GKwÎZ wZb ZvjvK ch©v‡jvPbv

(IV S 0WX $H 0IJ S)
KziAvbx bxwZ Abyhvqx wZb Zzn‡i wZb ZvjvK bv w`‡q hw` †KD
wbqgewnf~©Zfv‡e GKB mv‡_ wZb ZvjvK †`q, Z‡e †m ZvjvK cwZZ
n‡e wK-bv, G wel‡q weØvbM‡Yi gZ‡f`‡K Pvifv‡M fvM Kiv hvq|
(1) Gi d‡j wKQzB eZ©v‡e bv| (2) wZb ZvjvK cwZZ n‡e| wKš‘ H
e¨w³ †MvbvnMvi n‡e| (3) mnevmK…Z bvixi Dc‡i wZb ZvjvK eZ©v‡e
I mnevmnxb bvixi Dc‡i GK ZvjvK eZ©v‡e| (4) GK ZvjvK ivRÔC
n‡e| wb‡gœ Pvi `‡ji weØvbM‡Yi e³e¨ mg~n ms‡¶‡c Av‡jvwPZ
nÕj|-
1g c‡¶i `jxj mg~n (6 Y% ; Z[)) :
hviv e‡jb, GKwÎZ wZb Zvjv‡K †Kvb ZvjvKB eZ©v‡e bv| Zuv‡ì g~j
`jxj nÕj (K) m~iv‡q evK¡vivn 228 I 229 AvqvZ Ges m~iv‡q
ZvjvK 1g I 2q AvqvZ| AZtci (L) nv`x‡Qi `jxj nÕj-
9H E.K+G 7
| N.;
G 7
H H E F G !H BE +G H$ v
I HG& G
H *G 9F CG<r G E G .NhK 9F "LOK G 8G +F H E H +G
6F E F :K K]$K GbHK E +G AG .NG *G 9H E.K+G 7
| N.;
G 7
H K E F G F 8G +F K WK(
G $K AG .NG *G
b
G (
G E OK sr G\ ?R >H AL {S G BF -R CG AL {S v
G E:
H CG AL {S GBF -R CG L&G GBR (
H 8E FH AL {S GBE H GF.R $K
|sG(m GBK G .N-K CF ?R OK 7
| G G OK E HN 4S !L H R b
G .R H$H L8G L ?R O UK ,EwK G .NhK ?R >H*G !F E G
g9H E.K+G I _K LF
Kw : G *E #F G HWKH P G*G H
H *G P ]K H.-R GH L .K+G
E ,G(
H &F :
m H ^
G ,F. P G*G H $H*G
*E OK E .-K F.R $K a
E G BF hK K>H :K Kw*G Z[E\G G
G G AE K*G L .K+G G
L G $K :G 8G +F F E 7
H !F ,E+G
gb
E (
H 8E FH
Contents
ÔAvãyj−vn Be‡b Igi (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z n‡q‡Q †h, wZwb ivm~jj
y v− n (Qvt)-
Gi hvgvbvq ¯^xq ¯¿x‡K FZzKvjxb mg‡q ZvjvK †`b| ZLb Igi (ivt)
D³ wel‡q ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-†K wR‡Ám K‡ib| wZwb Igi (ivt)-†K
e‡jb, Zzwg Avãyj−vn‡K ej †hb †m Zvi ¯¿x‡K wdwi‡q †bq I N‡i iv‡L
cieZ©x Zzni ch©š—| AZtci †m cybivq FZzeZ©x n‡e I cweÎ n‡e|
ZLb B”Qv Ki‡j †m Zv‡K †i‡L w`‡e A_ev mnev‡mi c~‡e©B ZvjvK
w`‡e| GUvB nÕj ZvjvKcÖvßv bvix‡ì Rb¨ BÏZ, hv Avj−vn wba©viY
K‡i‡QbÕ|59 Qnxn eyLvixi Aci eY©bvq G‡m‡Q ÔFZzKvjxb Ae¯’vi D³
ZvjvK‡K Avgvi Dci GK ZvjvK MY¨ Kiv nqÕ (eyLvix nv/5253)|
Avey`vE`-Gi eY©bvq G‡m‡Q, Avãyj−vn Be‡b Igi e‡jb, AZtci
Avj−vni ivm~j (Qvt) ¯¿x‡K Avgvi wbK‡U wdwi‡q w`‡jb Ges ÔwZwb
GUv‡K wKQzB MY¨ Ki‡jb bvÕ| AZtci ej‡jb, hLb †m cweÎ n‡e,
ZLb Zv‡K ZvjvK `vI A_ev †i‡L `vIÕ (Avey`vE` nv/2185)|
A_©vr Beby Igi (ivt) FZzKvjxb mg‡q ¯¿x‡K ZvjvK w`‡j Avj−vn&i
ivm~j (Qvt) Zv‡K wdwi‡q wb‡Z e‡jb Ges ÔwZwb GUv‡K wKQzB MY¨
K‡ibwbÕ (Avey`vE` nv/2185)| †Kbbv GwU wbqg ewnf~Z
© wQj| wbqg
nÕj ¯¿x‡K Zvi cweÎZvi ïi“‡Z mnevmnxb Ae¯’vq ZvjvK cÖ`vb
Kiv|60 Abyiƒcfv‡e mybœvZx ZixKvi evB‡i GKwÎZfv‡e wZb ZvjvK
w`‡j Zv‡K wKQzB MY¨ Kiv n‡e bv|
D‡j−L¨ †h, Beby Igi (ivt)-Gi wbR¯^ ivq GKwÎZ wZb ZvjvK‡K wZb
ZvjvK MY¨ Kivi c‡¶ wQj e‡j †KD †KD gš—e¨ K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘
GUvI ewY©Z n‡q‡Q †h, wZwb c‡i Zvi D³ ivq nÕ‡Z cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡ib
Ges wZb ZvjvK‡K GK ZvjvK MY¨ K‡ibÕ (†hgb Dc‡i D‡j−wLZ
eyLvixi Aci eY©bvq FZzKvjxb ZvjvK‡K GK ZvjvK MY¨ Kivi K_v
G‡m‡Q)|61 ZvQvov ÔQvnvexi gid~ †iIqvqvZ Zvi wbR¯^ gZvg‡Zi
wecix‡Z MÖnYxq n‡q _v‡KÕ|62
59. eyLvix nv/5251; gymwjg nv/1471; wgkKvZ nv/3275; eyj~¸j gvivg nv/1070|
60. wdK¡ûm mybœvn 2/296|
61. gynvj−v 9/394 UxKv-1|
62. wdK¡ûm mybœvn 2/296|
Contents
(M) GUv we`ÔAvZ e‡j MY¨ n‡e, Avi we`ÔAvZ me©`v cÖZ¨vL¨vZ|
ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Gikv` K‡ib, G G BF $K G"F E OK 9H E.K+G G EK Z 8G +G UK 8H +G E G
Ô†h e¨w³ Ggb KvR Kij, †h wel‡q Avgv‡ì †Kvb wb‡`©k †bB, Zv
cÖZ¨vL¨vZÕ|63 ZvQvov H L E $H P K
KG UT S *G ~ K KG P +G !E H UT S *G ÔcÖ‡Z¨K
we`ÔAvZB åóZv| Avi åóZvi cwiYvg RvnvbœvgÕ|64
gš—e¨ : †h‡nZz GKwÎZ wZb ZvjvK cweÎ KziAvb I Qnxn mybœvn
ewnf©~Z, †m‡nZz Zv we`ÔAvZ I cÖZ¨vL¨vZ| Z‡e Z[E\ G G
G G AE K*G ÔwKQzB
MY¨ K‡ibwbÕ A_© wew”QbœKvix ZvjvK wnmv‡e MY¨ K‡ibwb| eis GK
Zvjv‡K ivRÔC wnmv‡e MY¨ K‡i‡Qb, hv eyLvixi Aci eY©bvq G‡m‡Q
(eyLvix nv/5253) Ges hv Dc‡i ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| Bgvg Beby Zvqwgqvn
(int) e‡jb, ¡ G H HLG* H GG:5
L E H y I .KG 9H .HHK]H Q
F G E F 2K q
I !G G,EF ~ E wK KX
G
g?H G(&E @HH AE BF K ÔwKQyB cwZZ n‡e bvÕ K_vwU m¤ú~Y© bZzb K_v| Qvnvev I
Zv‡eC‡bi Kvi“ wbKU †_‡K Giƒc K_v Rvbv hvqwbÕ|65
2q c‡¶i `jxj mg~n (\X Y% ; Z[)) :
GB `j e‡jb, GKwÎZ wZb Zvjv‡K wZb ZvjvKB cwZZ n‡e| wKš‘
H e¨w³ †MvbvnMvi n‡e (z;
H G+ ?K KG*)| Aek¨ Bgvg hydvi-Gi g‡Z
wZb ZvjvK cwZZ n‡e bv| eis c„_K c„_Kfv‡e cwZZ n‡e| †Kbbv
GKwÎZ wZb ZvjvK †Ìqv we`ÔAvZ| Avi we`ÔAvZ nÕj mybvœ ‡Zi
wecixZÕ (¢( !
*
0 +! 9" $u Z$Y x ])|66
64. bvmvC nv/1578 ÔC`v‡q‡bi Lyrev wKfv‡e w`‡Z n‡eÕ Aby‡”Q`|
65. Avngv` Beby Zvqwgqvn, gvRg~Ô dvZvIqv (Kvq‡iv : 1404 wn./1984 L„.) 33/82|
66. Kz`~ix c„. 154; †n`vqv 2/355; Ievq`yj−vn web gvmÔE` Qvì“k kvixÔAvn (g„. 747
wn./1346 L„.), ki‡n †eKvqv, Dg`vZzi †iÔAvqvn mn (†Ìe›` Qvcv, Zvwe) 2/63;
†gvj−v Avjx K¡vix (g„. 1014 wn.), wgiK¡vZ (êiƒZ : `vi“j wdKi, 1g ms¯‹iY 1422
wn./2002 L„.), nv/3293-Gi Av‡jvPbv, Ô†Lvjv I ZvjvKÕ Aby‡”Q`; H, (gyjZvb
Qvcv, cvwK¯—vb, Zvwe) 6/293 c„.|
Contents
Zviv KziAvbx AvqvZmg~‡ni e¨vL¨v †`b Gfv‡e †h, KziAv‡b DËg

cš’vwU ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| Zvi A_© GUv bq †h, Gi wecixZUv Ki‡j
ZvjvK n‡e bv| KziAvbx wb‡`©‡ki we‡ivax nÕ‡jI wKZve, mybvœ n,
BRgv, AvQvi I wK¡qvm Øviv cÖgvwYZ nq †h, G Ae¯’vq wZb ZvjvK
n‡e (Avj-wdK¡ûj Bmjvgx 7/410)| †hgb-
(1) m~iv evK¡vivn 230 Avqv‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q, E H 9F K U
T:
H CG
K $K GB]K .NhK ?R @H$K
g6F G EiK z *E jG VG H ECG L&G !F E G ÔAZtci hw` †m ¯¿x‡K (Z…Zxq) ZvjvK
†`q, ZvnÕ‡j †m hZ¶Y Zv‡K e¨ZxZ Ab¨ ¯^vgx MÖnY bv K‡i, ZZ¶Y
D³ ¯¿x Zvi Rb¨ wm× n‡e bvÕ|
AÎ Avqv‡Z GKwÎZ wZb ZvjvK ev c„_K c„_K wZb ZvjvK, G wel‡q
†Kvb e¨vL¨v †Ìqv nqwb|67 ZvQvov 229 Avqv‡Zi †k‡l ejv n‡q‡Q,
Ôhviv Avj−vn&i mxgv‡iLv AwZµg K‡i, Zviv hv‡jgÕ| wKš‘ GKwÎZfv‡e
wZb ZvjvK †Ìqv‡K ÔnvivgÕ ejv nqwb|68 AZGe GK gRwj‡m wZb
ZvjvK w`‡j wZb ZvjvK-B cwZZ n‡e|
Reve : (K) m~iv evK¡vivn 229-30 Ges m~iv ZvjvK¡ 1-2 AvqvZ BÏZ
Abyhvqx c„_K c„_Kfv‡e ZvjvK †Ìqvi ¯úó `jxj (L) Qnxn nv`xQ
mg~‡n c„_K c„_Kfv‡e ZvjvK †Ìqvi ¯úó weavb I e¨vL¨v G‡m‡Q
(M) mxgvjsNb KivUvB wbwl× nIqvi eo `jxj| †hgb Ab¨Î ejv
n‡q‡Q, H 8G $K g¡
G H S.G F EiK AE BF "L@H$K AE BF "FG8E OK
E K .KG G *E OK AE BH H G*jE OK K.+G 2N >H
g?K *FGR AF
F b
G [HK*SW$K b
G HK sr G*G GGE ÔZ‡e Zv‡ì ¯¿xMY I gvwjKvbvaxb
`vmxiv e¨ZxZ| †Kbbv G‡Z Zviv wbw›`Z n‡e bvÕ| ÔAZGe hviv G‡ì
e¨ZxZ Ab¨‡ì Kvgbv Ki‡e, Zviv n‡e mxgvjsNbKvixÕ (gywgb~b 23/6-
7)| Gi A_© wK ZvnÕ‡j Ab¨ gwnjvi m‡½ †hbv Kiv nvjvj n‡e?
(bvEhywej−vn)| (N) ZvjvK w`‡jB hw` ¯¿x nvivg n‡q hvq, ZvnÕ‡j D³
67. hv`yj gvÔAv` 5/230|

68. wgiK¡vZ 6/293|
Contents
Avqv‡Zi Aax‡b FZz Ae¯’vi ZvjvK, mnevmK…Z cweÎ Ae¯’vi ZvjvK

MY¨ n‡e wK? wbðqB n‡e bv| ZvnÕ‡j GK gRwj‡m GKwÎZ wZb
ZvjvK wKfv‡e MY¨ n‡e?
(2) ÔIqvBwgi ÔAvRjvbx ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi Dcw¯’wZ‡Z Zuvi wb‡`©‡ki
c~‡e©B ¯^xq ¯¿x‡K wZb ZvjvK †`b|69 G¶‡Y hw` GK mv‡_ wZb ZvjvK
†ÌqvUv ¸bv‡ni KvR nÕZ, ZvnÕ‡j ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Zv ¯^xKvi K‡i
wb‡Zb bv|
Reve : GLv‡b ¯^vgxi c¶ †_‡K ¯¿xi wei“‡× †hbvi Awf‡hvM wQj Ges
GwU †jÔAv‡bi NUbv wQj| wbqg nÕj, Dfqc‡¶ †jÔAvb nÕ‡j mv‡_
mv‡_ Zv‡ì g‡a¨ weevn we‡”Q` n‡q hvq| c„_Kfv‡e ZvjvK †Ìqvi
†Kvb cÖ‡qvRb nq bv| AZGe mvaviY Ae¯’vi Zvjv‡Ki m‡½
†jÔAvb‡K Zzjbv Kiv P‡j bv| G mgq ÔwZb ZvjvKÕ ejvUv evûj¨ K_v
gvÎ| ZvQvov eyLvixi eY©bvq G‡m‡Q Ôivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi wb‡`©‡ki
Av‡MB †m wZb ZvjvK †`qÕ| AZGe G hyw³ †av‡c wU‡K bv|
(3) Av‡qkv (ivt) eY©bv K‡ib †h, widvÔAvn Zvi ¯¿x‡K wZb ZvjvK
†`b| AZtci ¯¿x Ab¨Î weevn K‡i| wKš‘ †mLv‡bI ZvjvKcÖvßv nq|
ZLb H gwnjv Zvi c~e© ¯^vgxi mv‡_ cybivq weevwnZ nÕ‡Z cvi‡e wK-
bv, G wel‡q ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi wbKU wR‡Ám Kiv nÕ‡j wZwb e‡jb,
ÔhZ¶Y bv †m wØZxq ¯^vgxi mv‡_ mnevm Ki‡eÕ|70
Reve : D³ nv`x‡Q GK gRwj‡m wZb Zvjv‡Ki K_v †bB| eis †m
Zv‡K ¯^vfvweK wbq‡g wZb Zzn‡i wZb ZvjvK w`‡qwQj e‡jB eyS‡Z
n‡e| †Kbbv ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi hvgvbvq Ôev‡qb ZvjvKÕ ej‡Z wZb
Zzn‡i wZb ZvjvKB eySv‡Zv|
(4) Avey nvd&Q Bebyj gyMxivn Avj-gvLh~gx Zvi ¯¿x dv‡Zgv web‡Z
K¡v‡qm‡K wZb ZvjvK w`‡q Lvwj` Beby Iqvjx` (ivt)-Gi mv‡_ Bqvgb
P‡j hvb| ZLb D³ ¯¿x ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi wbK‡U G‡m wR‡Ám
69. eyLvix nv/4745; gymwjg nv/1492; wgkKvZ nv/3304 ÔwjÔAvbÕ Aby‡”Q`|
Contents
Ki‡jb BÏZ cvjbKv‡j Zvi †Lvi‡cvl m¤ú‡K©| ivm~jj y −vn (Qvt)

ej‡jb, GB mg‡q Zvi Rb¨ †Kvb †Lvi‡cvl †bB| Z‡e hw` Zzwg
Mf©eZx nIÕ (A_©vr mš—vb cÖme nIqv ch©š— Zzwg †Lvi‡cvl cv‡e)|71
Reve : (K) AÎ nv`x‡Q GK gRwj‡m wZb Zvjv‡Ki †Kvb K_v †bB|
eis Ab¨ eY©bvq ÔAvjevËvZvÕ (K L,GR) kã G‡m‡Q (gymwjg nv1480 (36)|
hv Øviv ev‡qb ZvjvK eySv‡bv nq| Avi wZb ZvjvK ev‡qb cÖvßv ¯¿xi
Rb¨ ¯^vgxi c¶ nÕ‡Z †Kvb †Lvi‡cv‡li `vwqZ¡ †bB|
(L) Qnxn gymwjg-Gi eY©bvq cwi®‹vi G‡m‡Q a
P ].-C
H
K {K G YH K Ô†kl
Z…Zxq ZvjvKÕ e‡j (nv/1480 (40)| AZGe GwU †h wZb gv‡m wZb
ZvjvK wQj, Zv‡Z †Kvb m‡›`n †bBÕ|72 AZGe Gi g‡a¨ GKmv‡_
wZb ZvjvK cÖ`v‡bi †Kvb `jxj †bB|
(5) ÔDev`vn web QvwgZ (ivt) e‡jb, Avgvi `v`v Zvi ¯¿x‡K GKm‡½
GK nvhvi ZvjvK †`b| ZLb Avgvi AveŸv ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi ìev‡i
†M‡jb| ivm~j (Qvt) Zv‡K ej‡jb, †Zvgvi `v`v ZvjvK †Ìqvi mgq
Avj−vn‡K fq K‡iwb| Zvi AwaKv‡i gvÎ wZbwU ZvjvK| evKx 997wU
evovevwo I hyjg n‡q‡Q| Avj−vn PvB‡j Zv‡K Avhve w`‡eb, PvB‡j
¶gv Ki‡ebÕ|
Reve : nv`xQwU hCd I gIh~|73
(6) Avãyj−vn Be‡b Igi (ivt) Zuvi ¯¿x‡K FZz Ae¯’vq ZvjvK †`b|
AZtci evKx `yB FZzi mgq evKx `yB ZvjvK w`‡Z D`¨Z nb| GLei
ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi Kv‡b †M‡j wZwb e‡jb, †n Avãyjv− n! Gfv‡e Avj−vn
†Zvgv‡K wb‡`©k †`bwb| wbðqB Zzwg wbq‡g fyj K‡iQ (A_©vr ¯¿x‡K
cweÎ Ae¯’vq ZvjvK w`‡Z n‡e)| ...ZLb Be‡b Igi ej‡jb, †n
71. gymwjg nv/1480; wgkKvZ nv/3324|
72. hv`yj gvÔAv` 5/240|
73. `vivKzrbx nv/3898 ÔZvjvKÕ Aa¨vq (ZvnKxK : gvR`x web gvbQ~i, êiƒZ : `vi“j
KzZzwej BjwgBqvn, 1g ms¯‹iY 1417 wn./1996 L„.) nv`xQ hCd; wmjwmjv hCdvn
nv/1211; gynvj−v 9/392 UxKv-1|
Contents
Avj−vn&i ivm~j! hw` Avwg wZb ZvjvK w`Zvg, ZvnÕ‡j wK ¯¿x‡K wdwi‡q
wb‡Z cviZvg? ivm~j (Qvt) ej‡jb, bv| †m c„_K n‡q †hZ Ges
†Zvgvi †Mvbvn nÕZÕ|
Reve : nv`xQwU ÔgybKviÕ| Qnxn nv`xQ mg~‡n Gi wecixZ ewY©Z
n‡q‡Q|74
(7) Avbvm (ivt) †_‡K ewY©Z, ivm~j (Qvt) e‡jb, †h e¨w³ we`ÔAvZx
cš’vq ZvjvK w`‡e, Avgiv Zvi we`ÔAvZ‡K Zvi Dci Acwinvh© K‡i
†èÕ|
Reve : nv`xQwU gybKviÕ|75
(8) Igi (ivt) ¯^xq †LjvdZKv‡j e‡jb, †jv‡Kiv Zvjv‡Ki e¨vcv‡i
e¨¯—Zv †`Lv‡”Q| A_P G‡Z Zv‡ì AeKvk †Ìqv n‡qwQj| myZivs
GLb hw` †KD Giƒc K‡i, ZvnÕ‡j Avgiv Zvi Dc‡i †mUv Rvwi K‡i
†èÕ|76
Reve : GwU wQj Igi (ivt)-Gi BRwZnv` I mvgwqK eë¯’v gvÎ| Zv
Øviv ivRÔC ZvjvK-Gi wPiš—b KziAvbx c×wZ‡K evwZj Kiv hvq bv|
Igi (ivt) GwU K‡iwQ‡jb †jvK‡ì fxZ Kivi Rb¨ mvgwqK K‡VviZv
wnmv‡e| wKš‘ G‡Z Zuvi D‡Ïk¨ †gv‡UB mdj nqwb| †mKviY g„Zzï
c~‡e© wZwb AbyZß n‡q `ytL cÖKvk K‡iwQ‡jb|77
Lyjvdv‡q iv‡k`x‡bi BRwZnv` ch©v‡jvPbv
(*%! ];Q >AJ^ 0IJ S)
Dc‡i ewY©Z Igi (ivt)-Gi ZvjvK wel‡qi NUbvwU QvovI AviI
BRwZnv`x NUbvmg~n i‡q‡Q| †hgb g`¨ cvbKvix‡K wZwb 80 †eZ
74. `vivKzrbx nv/3929; gynvj−v 9/392 UxKv-3; BiIqv nv/2054, 7/119|
75. `vivKzrbx nv/3899; gynvj−v 9/393 UxKv-1|
76. gymwjg nv/1472|
77. Bebyj K¡vBwqg, BMvQvZzj jvndvb (Kvq‡iv : `vi“Z ZzivwQj ÔAvivex 1403/1983)
1/276|
Contents
gv‡ib| Zvi gv_v gyÊb K‡ib I †`kQvov K‡ib| A_P ivm~jj y −vn (Qvt)
78
†mªd 40 †eZ †g‡iwQ‡jb| AveyeKi (ivt) R‰bK cvqyKvgx‡K Ges
Avjx (ivt) Zuv‡K ÔAvj−vn&i AeZviÕ `vexKvix GK`j wh›`xK¡‡K Rxeš—
cywo‡q †g‡iwQ‡jb| A_P Avj−vn&i ivm~j (Qvt) †Kvb cÖvYx‡K Av¸‡b
cywo‡q gvi‡Z wb‡la K‡i‡Qb| Qvnvev‡q †Kivg Mf©ve¯’v †`‡LB †hbvi
kvw¯— Ges g‡ì MÜ †c‡qB g`¨cv‡bi kvw¯— w`‡qwQ‡jb mv¶xi A‡c¶v
K‡ibwb|79
g`xbvi evRv‡i †jvK mgvMg e„w× cvIqvq IQgvb MYx (ivt) RygÔAvi
Lyrevi mgq g~j Avhv‡bi c~‡e© ÔhvIivÕ evRv‡i Av‡iKwU Avhv‡bi cÖPjb
K‡ib|80 Ggwbfv‡e †Ljvd‡Z iv‡k`vn&i hy‡M mgq I †cÖw¶Z we‡ePbvq
BRwZnv‡ì wfwË‡Z A‡bK wKQz cÖkvmwbK wb‡`©k mvgwqKfv‡e Rvwi
Kiv n‡qwQj| c¶vš—‡i Gjvnx weavb wPiš—b I wPi¯’vqx|
(9) Beby gvmÔE` I Beby AveŸvm (ivt) †_‡K eY©bv G‡m‡Q †h, hw`
†KD ZvjvK †`q GK_v e‡j †h, Avgvi ¯¿xi Dci Avmgv‡bi
ZviKvivwRi msL¨vq ZvjvK w`jvg| Zuviv e‡jb, Gi Øviv †Kej
cÖ‡qvRbxq msL¨K wZb ZvjvKB cwZZ n‡e| evKx me †eKvi n‡e|
K¡vhx ïivBn (g„. 78 wn.) e‡jb, hw` †KD c„w_exi mKj bvixi ¯^vgx
nq I Gfv‡e ZvjvK †`q, Z‡e Zvi Dc‡i mKj ¯¿xB nvivg n‡q
hv‡e|81
(10) Beby AveŸvm (ivt) †_‡K Ab¨ GKwU ÔAvQv‡iÕ ejv n‡q‡Q †h,
GKwÎZ wZb ZvjvK `vbKvix ¯^vgx‡K wZwb ej‡Zb, hw` Zzwg Avj−vn&‡K
fq Ki‡Z, ZvnÕ‡j †Zvgvi Rb¨ wZwb GKUv c_ †ei K‡i w`‡Zb|82
A_©vr wZb ZvjvK GK‡Î †Ìqvi d‡j GLb †Zvgvi Rb¨ me c_ eÜ
n‡q †M‡Q|
78. ÔAvIbyj gvÔe~` kin mybvb Avey`vE` nv/2171-Gi fvl¨; 6/242|
79. Bebyj K¡vBwqg, BÔjvgyj gyIqvK‡K¡Cb (êiƒZ : `vi“j Rxj, 1973) 1/332-34,
4/372-78; Avn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjb (W±‡iU w_wmm) 190 c„.|
80. eyLvix nv/912; wgkKvZ nv/1404|
81. gyQvbœvd Beby Avex kvqevn nv/17811-13; `vivKzrbx nv/3903, mb` hCd|
82. Z¡vnvfx, kviû gvÔAvwbj AvQvi nv/4143; mb` hCd I gybKvi, gynvj−v 9/393 UxKv-3|
Contents
Reve : GgwbZ‡iv eû ÔAvQviÕ gyIqvË¡v gv‡jK, gyQvbœvd Beby Avex

kvqev, gyQvbœvd Avãyi ivhhvK, `vivKzrbx cÖf„wZ‡Z G‡m‡Q| hvi
AwaKvsk hCd, gybKvi, gIh~Ô I K‡qKUv ÔQnxnÕ wKš‘ AMÖnY‡hvM¨|
KviY eyLvix I gymwj‡g Beby AveŸvm (ivt) †_‡KB Gi we‡ivax e³e¨
gIR~` i‡q‡Q| †hLv‡b ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi I AveyeK‡ii hvgvbvq Ges
Ig‡ii hvgvbvq cÖ_g `yB ev wZb eQi GKwÎZ wZb ZvjvK‡K GK
ZvjvK MY¨ Kiv nÕZ e‡j cwi®‹vifv‡e ejv n‡q‡Q|
Beby AveŸvm (ivt)-Gi ivq ch©v‡jvPbv (_` a9B *- ? 0IJ S) :
Beby AveŸvm (ivt) nÕ‡Z Z¡vEm cÖgyLvr AveyQ Qnev ewY©Z c~‡e© D‡j−wLZ
nv`xQwU Av‡jvPbv †k‡l kvqL bvwQi“Ïxb Avjevbx (int) e‡jb,
GKwÎZ wZb ZvjvK wel‡q Beby AveŸvm (ivt)-Gi `yÕwU gZ cwijw¶Z
nq| GK- wZb ZvjvKB cwZZ n‡e| AwaKvsk eY©bv Gi c‡¶B| `yB-
GKwU gvÎ ZvjvK cwZZ n‡e| †hgb BKwigv nÕ‡Z Qnxn m~‡Î
Avey`vE` eY©bv K‡ib, G BH $K !P &H G* AP _K H .Z{
K {K I HKh
H "E OK : K Kw K>H
g4~ !G &H G* ÔhLb ¯^vgx GK mv‡_ ej‡e, Ô†Zvgv‡K wZb ZvjvKÕ ZLb Zv
GKwU e‡j MY¨ n‡eÕ (Avey`vE` nv/2197)| Beby AveŸvm (ivt)-Gi
†k‡lv³ gZwU MÖnY Kiv Avgv‡ì Rb¨ IqvwRe| G Kvi‡Y †h Gi
c‡¶ Z¡vDm cÖgyL nÕ‡Z gymwjg cÖf„wZ MÖ‡š’ gid~ I Qnxn nv`xQ mg~n
ewY©Z n‡q‡QÕ| Avey`vE` e‡jb †h, Beby AveŸvm (ivt) Zuvi cÖ_g gZ
nÕ‡Z †kv‡lv³ g‡Zi w`‡K cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡iwQ‡jbÕ|83
hyw³i `jxj (HI 0[)) :
KziAvb I Qnxn nv`x‡Qi ¯úó weavb gIR~` _vK‡Z †mLv‡b Kvi“ †Kvb
ivq ev hyw³ P‡j bv| Avj−vn e‡jb, GwK K>H P GH )E F 2
K *G P H )E 8F H ?K K G*G
9F KFG *G 7
r
H E G E G *G AE
H H E OK E H 4S G G^
H R AF BF K ?K SG ?R OK zE OK 9F SFG *G 7
|
gzH,F 2Z K
G UN
G !E ]K $K ÔAvj−vn I Zuvi ivm~j †Kvb wel‡q dvqQvjv w`‡j
83. Avjevbx, BiIqvDj Mvjxj nv/2055-Gi Av‡jvPbv, 7/121-22|
Contents
†Kvb gywgb cyi“l ev bvixi †m wel‡q wbR¯^ †Kvb dvqQvjv †Ìqvi

GLwZqvi †bB| †h e¨w³ Avj−vn I Zuvi ivm~‡ji Aeva¨Zv Ki‡e, †m
e¨w³ ¯úó åvwš—‡Z cwZZ n‡eÕ (Avnhve 33/36)|
Zvjv‡Ki ¯úó weavb cweÎ KziAv‡b ewY©Z nIqv m‡Ë¡I Ges ivm~j
(Qvt)-Gi hvgvbv, AveyeKi (ivt)-Gi cyiv †LjvdZKvj Ges Igi
(ivt)-Gi †LjvdZKv‡ji cÖ_g `yB ev wZb eQi KziAvbx Zvjv‡Ki ev¯—e
cÖPjb _vKvi c‡iI GKwÎZ wZb ZvjvK‡K wZb ZvjvK ev‡qb MY¨
Kivi cÖ_v Pvjy nq g~jZt wKQz hyw³i †`vnvB †c‡o| hv c~‡e©i
Av‡jvPbvq wea„Z n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ cÖkœ nÕj, Avgiv wK hyw³i AbymiY
Kie? bv mybœvn&i AbymiY Kie?
Igi dviƒK (ivt) wb‡R n‡¾ ZvgvËz‡K Acm›` Ki‡Zb| A_P Zuvi
eo †Q‡j Avãyj−vn web Igi (ivt) n‡¾ ZvgvËz K‡ib| d‡j †jv‡K‡ì
cÖ‡kœi DË‡i wZwb e‡jwQ‡jb, 7
| N.;
G 7
H H FG G E OK 3E OK F ,HL"G HOK G E OKOK
AG .NG *G 9H E.K+G ÔAvgvi wcZvi Kg© Avgiv AbymiY Kie, bv ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi
Kg©?Õ84
Abyiƒcfv‡e nhiZ Avjx (ivt) e‡jb, U
S _K E OK ?K KK
H ORL H F m! ?K K E K
g6F
K +E OK E H VH (
E 8G RH K*E OK y
m ^
F R ÔØxb hw` gvby‡li ivq Abyhvqx nÕZ,
ZvnÕ‡j †gvhvi Dc‡i gvmvn Kivi †P‡q Zvi bx‡P gvmvn Kiv AwaK
DËg nÕZÕ|85
Beby AveŸvm (ivt)-Gi cÖ_g w`‡Ki drIqv Ges Igi (ivt)-Gi
cÖkvmwbK wb‡`©k-Gi wel‡q gš—e¨ Ki‡Z wM‡q Bgvg kvIKvbx e‡jb,
Ôivm~j (Qvt)-Gi hvgvbvq wZb gv‡m wZb Zvjv‡Ki †h ixwZ Pvjy wQj,
†mUvB gid~Ô ûKz‡gi gh©v`v iv‡L| AZGe Abymi‡Yi e¨vcv‡i ÔnKÕ
me©`v AMÖvwaKvi †hvM¨ (q
H G,CmHH l &G OK l :
G RG*)| AZtci wZwb e‡jb,
84. wZiwghx nv/824 ÔZvgvËzÔ Aby‡”Q`|
85. Avey`vE` nv/162; wgkKvZ nv/525|
Contents
Ggb †Kvb& gymjgvb Av‡Q hvi Ávb I Bjg ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi K_vi
Dc‡i †Kvb Qvnvexi K_v‡K AMÖvwaKvi w`‡e?86
Igi dviƒK (ivt) wbtm‡›`‡n fvj wbq‡Z KvRwU K‡iwQ‡jb I
Zvjv‡Ki e¨vcv‡i AvBbx K‡VviZv Av‡ivc K‡iwQ‡jb| kvmK wnmv‡e
Giƒc Kivi mvgwqK AwaKvi Bmjvgx Avgxi‡ì i‡q‡Q| wKš‘ GUv‡Zv
gvb‡ZB n‡e †h, Gjvnx weavb wPiš—b| ZvB hZ K‡VviZvB †`Lv‡bv
†nŠK bv †Kb, `ye©j gvbyl †h‡Kvb mgq mxgvjsNb Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges
ev¯—‡e †mUvB n‡q‡Q| d‡j D³ K‡VviZvi cwiYv‡g wb®K…wZi c_ bv
†c‡q Zvnjxj-Gi b¨vq †bvsiv c_ †e‡Q wb‡Z gymwjg ¯^vgx-¯¿x eva¨
n‡q‡Q Ges AvRI n‡”Q| AZGe Avgv‡ì DwPZ wQj KziAvbx ZvjvK
weav‡bi w`‡K wd‡i hvIqv| wKš‘ †mw`‡K bv wM‡q GKwÎZ wZb
ZvjvK‡K wZb ZvjvK MY¨ Kivi K‡Vvi I we`ÔAvZx cÖ_v‡K wUwK‡q
ivLvi Rb¨ Avgv‡ì Ijvgv‡q †Kivg bvbvwea hyw³i AeZviYv
K‡i‡Qb| †hgb-
we`ÔAvZx Zvjv‡Ki c‡¶ hyw³ mg~n (KB9
0%+ 3 $J[)) :
(1) cvwK¯—v‡bi mv‡eK cÖavb gydZx gynv¤§v` kdx (1930-1984 L„.)
¯^xq Zvdmxi gvÔAv‡idzj KziAv‡b D³ Avqv‡Zi my›ì Av‡jvPbv †k‡l
ÔGK‡Î wZb ZvjvKÕ wk‡ivbv‡g e‡jb, ÔG cÖ‡kœi hyw³wfwËK DËi GB
†h, †Kvb Kv‡Ri cvc KvR nIqv Zvi cÖwZwµqvi c‡_ evavi m„wó K‡i
bv| Ab¨vqfv‡e nZ¨v Kiv cvc nÕ‡jI hv‡K ¸jx K‡i ev †Kvb A‡¯¿i
AvNv‡Z nZ¨v Kiv nq, †m wbnZ n‡qB hvq| GB ¸jx êafv‡e Kiv
nÕj, wK A‰eafv‡e Kiv n‡q‡Q, †mRb¨ g„Zz¨ A‡c¶v K‡i bv| Pzwi me
ag©g‡ZB cvc, wKš‘ †h A_©-m¤ú` †PvivB c‡_ cvPvi Kiv nq, Zv †Zv
nvZQvov n‡qB wM‡q‡Q| Ggwbfv‡e hveZxq Ab¨vq I cv‡ci GKB
86.
H E wK K.+G HG:;
G H E wK VG H E CG 9F 8F .R +H *G 9F .S]R +G F (
H:E G(
E G ¡
G 8H .H(
E 8F R E H AP .H(
E F }
l OK AL {S
K_-K 5
E 8F R bvqjyj AvIZ¡vi H GHYE G*
H
K xN H 8E G *G K L,GROK M
HK hK H$ sr G G p
F G
GB]H H_R CG 8/23 c„.|
Contents
Ae¯’v †h, Gi Ab¨vq I cvc nIqv Gi cÖwZwµqvi †¶‡Î †Kvb evavi

m„wó K‡i bv| GB g~jbxwZi wfwË‡Z kixÔAvZ cÖ`Ë bxwZ-wbq‡gi cÖwZ
å“‡¶c bv K‡i cÖ‡qvRb e¨ZxZ ¯^xq mg¯— ¶gZv‡K †kl K‡i †`qv
Ges GKB m‡½ wZb ZvjvK w`‡q wb®K…wZ jvf Kiv hwÌ ivm~j (mvt)-
Gi Amš‘wói KviY, hv c~e©eZx© eY©bvq D‡j−L Kiv n‡q‡Q, GRb¨ mgMÖ
D¤§Z GKev‡K¨ G‡K wbK…ó cš’v e‡j D‡j−L K‡i‡Q Ges †KD †KD
bvRv‡qhI e‡j‡Q, wKš‘ Zv m‡Ë¡I hw` †KD G c`‡¶c †bq, Z‡e Gi
djvdjI ZvB n‡e, êa c‡_ AMÖmi nÕ‡j hv nq| A_©vr wZb ZvjvK
n‡q hv‡e Ges ïay cÖZ¨vnvi bq, weevn eÜb bevq‡bi my‡hvMI Avi
_vK‡e bv| ûh~i (mvt)-Gi gxgvsmvB G e¨vcv‡i eo cÖgvY †h, wZwb
Amš‘ó n‡qI wZb ZvjvKB Kvh©Kix K‡i‡Qb| nv`xm MÖ‡š’ Abyiƒc eû
NUbvi eY©bv i‡q‡QÕ|87
Reve : A_P Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB †h, KziAv‡b ewY©Z cÖ_g `yÕwU
ZvjvK‡K ZvjvK ejv nÕ‡jI Zv e›`y‡Ki ¸jxi gZ wQj bv| †Kbbv Zv
wQj ivRÔC ZvjvK| hv w`‡j ¯¿x‡K †dir cvIqv hvq| A_P e›`y‡Ki
¸jx‡Z Kvi“ ivRÔAvZ nq bv eis g„Zz¨ nq| wØZxqZt ivm~j (Qvt)
Amš‘ó nÕ‡jI wZb ZvjvK Kvh©Kix K‡i‡Qb- Ggb †Kvb weï× `jxj
†Kv_vI †bB, BwZc~‡e©i Av‡jvPbvq hv cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q|
(2) cvwK¯—v‡bi Ab¨Zg L¨vZbvgv Av‡jg I Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi
cÖwZôvZv Avgxi gvIjvbv gI`~`x (1903-1979 L„.) ¯^xq Zvdmx‡i
D³ wel‡qi c‡¶ hyw³ w`‡Z wM‡q e‡jb, ÔGi Dcgv †Ìqv hvq †h,
†Kvb GK wcZv Zvi †Q‡j‡K wZb kZ UvKv w`‡q ej‡jb, ZzwgB G
UvKvi gvwjK, †hfv‡e B”Qv Zzwg G UvKv LiP Ki‡Z cvi| Gici wZwb
Zv‡K Dc‡`k w`‡q ej‡jb, †h A_© Avwg †Zvgv‡K w`jvg Zv Zzwg
mZK©Zvi mv‡_ Dchy³ †¶‡Î µgvš^‡q LiP Ki‡e, hv‡Z Zv †_‡K
h_vh_ DcKvi †c‡Z cvi| Avgvi Dc‡`‡ki †Zvqv°v bv K‡i Zzwg hw`
87. e½vbyev` I ms‡¶cvwqZ Zvdmxi gvAv‡idzj †K¡viAvb, Abyev` I m¤úv`bv :

gvIjvbv gywnDÏxb Lvb (cÖKvkK : ev`kvn dvn` KziAvb Kg‡c−·, g`xbv
gybvDIqvivn 1413 wn./1993 L„.) 128 c„.|
Contents
AmZK©fv‡e Ab¨vq †¶‡Î Zv LiP Ki wKsev mg¯— A_© GKmv‡_ LiP

K‡i †dj ZvnÕ‡j ¶wZMÖ¯— n‡e| Gici Avwg LiP Kivi Rb¨ Avi
†Kvb UvKv-cqmv †Zvgv‡K wè bv| GLb wcZv hw` GB A‡_©i cy‡ivUv
†Q‡j‡K Av‡`Š bv †`q, ZvnÕ‡j †m †¶‡Î Gme Dc‡`‡ki †Kvb A_©B
nq bv| hw` Ggb nq †h, Dchy³ †¶Î QvovB †Q‡j Zv LiP Ki‡Z
Pv‡”Q, wKš‘ UvKv Zvi c‡KU †_‡K †ei n‡”Q bv A_ev cy‡iv wZb kZ
UvKv LiP K‡i †djv m‡Ë¡I gvÎ GKkZ UvKvB Zvi c‡KU †_‡K †ei
n‡”Q Ges me©ve¯’vq `yBkZ UvKv Zvi c‡K‡UB †_‡K hv‡”Q, ZvnÕ‡j
GB Dc‡`‡ki Av‡`Š †Kvb cÖ‡qvRb †bBÕ|88
Reve : GB Dc‡`‡ki cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q GRb¨ †h, Avj−vn Pv‡”Qb bv †m
wZb ZvjvK GK m‡½ w`‡q ¯¿x‡K wew”Qbœ K‡i w`K| eis wZwb Pv‡”Qb
¯^vgx †f‡e-wP‡š— wZb gv‡m wZb ZvjvK w`K| `yB ZvjvK †Ìqvi
c‡iI Z…Zxq ZvjvKwU nv‡Z †i‡L w`K, hv‡Z ¯¿x‡K wdwi‡q †bIqvi
my‡hvM _v‡K|
wKš‘ `yf©vM¨! gvIjvbv wZbwU ZvjvK‡K wZbkZ UvKvi mv‡_ Zzjbv
K‡i‡Qb| UvKv hw` nvwi‡q hvq ev †KD Pzwi ev wQbZvB K‡i †bq, ev
KvD‡K nvw`qv †Ìqv nq, ZvnÕ‡j wK UvKvi Dc‡i †Kvb gvwjKvbv
_v‡K? GQvov UvKv GKwU e¯‘ gvÎ, hv †d‡j w`‡j Pz‡K †Mj| wKš‘
ZvjvK wK ZvB? Zvjv‡Ki wbw`©ó wbqg-c×wZ Av‡Q, hv bv gvb‡j
ZvjvK wnmv‡e MY¨ nq bv| Gi m‡½ `yÕwU Rxeb, msmvi I mš—vb
cvj‡bi `vqe×Zv RwoZ Av‡Q| G‡K †djbv g‡b Kivi †Kvb AeKvk
†bB| Avi †mKvi‡YB ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) µz× n‡q ùvwo‡q wM‡q
e‡jwQ‡jb, Avj−vn&i wKZve wb‡q wK †Ljv n‡”Q? (bvmvC nv/3401)|
Avgiv wK ZvB KiwQ bv? ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi GB †µva‡K †mvRv A‡_©
MÖnY bv K‡i Avgiv evuKv A‡_© MÖnY K‡iwQ Ges Zuvi †µv‡ai KviY
GKwÎZ wZb ZvjvK‡K Avgiv wZb ZvjvK MY¨ K‡iwQ| Kvj
88. mvB‡q` Aveyj AvÕjv gI`~`x, Zvdnxgyj KziAvb, Abyev` : gvIjvbv gyRvw¤§j nK
(XvKv : AvaywbK cÖKvkbx 3q ms¯‹iY 1997), 17/210 c„.|
Contents
wK¡qvg‡Zi gv‡V ivm~j (Qvt) hw` µz× n‡q kvdvÔAvZ bv K‡ib, ZLb
weÁ Ijvgv‡q †Kivg wK RIqvew`nx Ki‡eb, †f‡e †`‡L‡Qb wK?
D‡j−L¨ †h, gvIjvbv gI`~`x ¯^xq Zvdnxgyj KziAv‡b m~iv ZvjvK 1g
Avqv‡Zi Zvdmxi Ki‡Z wM‡q `xN© Av‡jvPbvi AeZviYv K‡i‡Qb89
Ges GKwÎZ wZb ZvjvK‡K wZb ZvjvK MY¨ Kivi c‡¶ 3wU nv`xQ I
Ab~¨b 11wU AvQvi †ck K‡i‡Qb| †ckK…Z nv`xQ mg~‡ni g‡a¨ wZbwUB
hCd I gybKvi| Gici Qvnvev‡q †Kiv‡gi Dw³ ev ÔAvQviÕ¸wji cÖvq
meB gyQvbœv‡d Ave`yi ivhhvK, gyQvbœv‡d Beby Avex kvqevn, gyIqvË¡v,
`vivKzrbx, Avey`vE`, Z¡vnvfx cÖf„wZ MÖš’ †_‡K Pqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| hvi
g‡a¨ (K) Beby AveŸvm (ivt) †_‡K PviwU AvQvi-Gi wZbwU Qnxn I
GKwU hCd (L) Beby gvmE` (ivt) †_‡K `yÕwU AvQvi-Gi GKwU hCd
I GKwU Qnxn (M) nhiZ IQgvb I Avjx (ivt) †_‡K `yÕwU AvQvi-Gi
GKwU hCd I GKwU gIh~ ev Rvj| evKx¸wji Ae¯’vI Abyiƒc| †h
mg¯— AvQvi Qnxn m~‡Î ewY©Z †m¸wj eyLvix I gymwjg ewY©Z Qnxn
gIK‚d nv`x‡Qi we‡ivax nIqvq AMÖnY‡hvM¨| gvIjvbv gI`~`x Igi
(ivt)-Gi hy‡Mi †kl w`‡Ki Kw_Z BRgv Øviv ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi I
AveyeKi (ivt)-Gi hy‡Mi cÖPwjZ I cÖwZwôZ mybœvn‡K AMÖnY‡hvM¨
ej‡Z †P‡q‡Qb|90 hv wbZvš—B A‡hŠw³K I `ytLRbK|
c¶vš—‡i Beby AveŸvm (ivt) ewY©Z I eyLvix-gymwjg msKwjZ Qnxn
gid~ nv`xQ¸wj, †hLv‡b cwi®‹vifv‡e ejv n‡q‡Q †h, ivm~j (Qvt),
AveyeKi I Ig‡ii hy‡Mi cÖ_g `yB ev wZb eQi GKwÎZ wZb
ZvjvK‡K GK ZvjvK MY¨ Kiv nÕZ| Zvi c‡¶ gvIjvbv †Kvb K_v
e‡jbwb| wZwb we`ÔAvZx Zvjv‡Ki c‡¶ hyw³ †ck Ki‡jI KziAvb I
mybœv‡Z beexi c‡¶ hyw³ †ck K‡ibwb| A_P Zuvi I Zuvi `‡ji
Av‡›`vjb wQj †`‡k KziAvb I mybœvn&i ûKzgZ Kv‡qg Kiv|
(3) wgkKvZ kix‡di evsjv Abyev`K gvIjvbv b~i †gvnv¤§v` AvÕRgx
Ô†Lvjv I ZvjvKÕ Aby‡”Q‡ì cwiwkó Av‡jvPbvq e‡jb, gvngy` web
89. H, 17/199-210 c„.|
90. H, 17/203-4 c„.|
Contents
jex‡ì nv`xQ (18bs) nB‡Z eySv hvq †h, GKmv‡_ wZb ZvjvK
†Ìqv †e`vAvZ I nvivg| Zv‡eqxb‡ì g‡a¨ nRiZ ZvDQ I BK‡igv
e‡jb, †h‡nZz Bnv mybœv‡Zi wecixZ AZGe Bnv‡K mybœvZ Abymv‡i GK
ZvjvKB (iRqx) MY¨ Kwi‡Z nB‡e| Qvnvex‡ì g‡a¨ nRiZ Avãyj−vn
web AveŸvQ e‡jb, iQzjyj−vn Qvj−vj−vû AvjvB‡n Iqv Qvj−vg I AveyeKi
I Ig‡ii †Ljvd‡Zi `yB eQi Kvj (GKmv‡_) wZb ZvjvK GK
ZvjvKB wQj| AZtci nRiZ Igi ewj‡jb,.. myZivs GLb nB‡Z
Avgv‡ì Bnv‡K (wZb ZvjvK iƒ‡c) Kvh©Kix Kwiqv †ÌqvB DwPZÕ|
ivex e‡jb, ÔAZtci wZwb Dnv‡K Kvh©Kix Kwiqv w`‡jb|
wKš‘ Rg&û‡i Qvnvev, Zv‡eqxb I BgvgMY mK‡jB e‡jb, GKmv‡_ wZb
ZvjvK †Ìqv †e`vAvZ I †Mvbvn&i KvR, Z‡e Bnv‡Z wZb ZvjvKB
nBqv hvB‡eÕ (c„. 319)|... †gvUK_v, G Av‡jvPbv Øviv... †`Lv †Mj †h,
Bnvi Dci gyRZvwn` QvnvexM‡Yi BRgv nBqv wMqv‡Q Ges cieZx©
BgvgMYI Bnvi Dci GKgZ nBqv‡QbÕ (c„. 320)|91
Reve : BRgv-Gi `vex AMÖnY‡hvM¨| †Kbbv ÔBRgvÕ ej‡Z D¤§‡Zi
HK¨gZ eySvq| A_P mKj Qvnvex G wel‡q GKgZ nbwb| hv Avgiv
BwZc~‡e© †`‡L G‡mwQ| wØZxqZt BRgv‡q Qvnvev mybœv‡Z beex‡K
evwZj Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| Z…ZxqZt cieZx© mKj Bgvg G e¨vcv‡i
GKgZ nIqvi aviYv wfwËnxb| AZGe BRgv-i `vex I Abyev`‡Ki
hyw³ `yÕwUB AMÖnY‡hvM¨|
(4) †evLvix kix‡di evsjv Abyev`K gvIjvbv AvwRRyj nK (1919-
2012 L„.) Ôwe‡kl `ªóe¨Õt wk‡ivbv‡g e‡jb, GK m‡½ wZb ZvjvK w`‡j
wZb ZvjvK cÖewZ©Z nIqv BnvB c~e©vci mKj BgvgM‡Yi w¯’i wm×vš—|...
wewkó BgvgM‡Yi ci D³ wel‡q wfbœ gZvgZI †`Lv w`qvwQj e‡U, wKš‘
Zvnv AZ¨š— `ye©j I mg_©bnxb Ges AwZ ¶y`ª GKwU jv-gRnvex Dc`‡ji
g‡a¨ mxgve× wQj| `yt‡Li welq Av‡Lix hvgvbvi agx©q wech©‡qi †mªv‡Z
H `ye©j gZvgZI fvwmqv Avwmqv‡Q Ges A‡c¶vK…Z mnR myjf nIqvq
91. e½vbyev` †gkKvZ kixd (XvKv : Gg`vw`qv jvB‡eªix 2q gy`ªY, 1987) 6/319-20|
Contents
ZvnvI GK †kªYxi †jv‡Ki mnvqZv cyó nBqv eû gy‡Li PP©vi e¯‘ nBqv
DwVqv‡QÕ|92
wZwb e‡jb, GK m‡½ wZb ZvjvK hw` ïay GK ZvjvK MY¨ nBZ, Z‡e
GLv‡b nhi‡Zi Hiƒc †µva I Amš‘wói †Kvb KviYB wQj bv; GK
ZvjvK †Ìqvi †Kvb NUbvq nhiZ (Qvt) Hiƒc ivMvwš^Z I Amš‘ó
nBqv‡Qb ewjqv †Kv_vI †`Lv hvq bv| ...myZivs GK‡Î wZb ZvjvK
†Ìqv †KviAv‡bi weav‡b cÖvß AwaKvi Abvek¨K cÖ‡qvM KivB mve¨¯—
nq, hvnv †KviAvb wbqv †Ljv KiviB bvgvš—i| wKš‘ †Ljv KiZt
KvnviI Dci AvNvZ Kwi‡j †mB AvNv‡Zi cwiYvg cÖwZwµqv Aek¨B
cÖewZ©Z nq Ges †mB Rb¨B Hiƒc †Ljv ivM I Amš‘wó KviY nBqv
_v‡K|93
Reve : G wel‡q †h wfbœgZ Av‡Q, †mK_v wZwb wb‡RB ¯^xKvi
K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ Zv‡ì‡K Ôjv-gRnvexÕ Dc`j e‡j‡Qb| ZeyI cÖksmv
Ki‡Z nq †h, wZwb Zv‡ì‡K gymjgvb‡ì ga¨Kvi GKwU Dc`j
e‡j‡Qb| Ab¨‡ì gZ Zv‡ì‡K Ô†eØxbÕ e‡jbwb|94 Z‡e wZwb ivm~j
(Qvt)-Gi †µva‡K c‡ivqv bv Ki‡jI Avgiv Avj−vn I Avj−vn&i
ivm~‡ji †µva †_‡K euvP‡Z PvB|
(5) gvIjvbv Avkivd Avjx _vbfx (1863-1945 L„.) e‡jb, GK m‡½
wZb ZvjvK w`‡j ZvnvI ZvjvK| †hgb, hw` †Kn Zvi ¯¿x‡K e‡j †h,
†Zv‡K wZb ZvjvK ev GBiƒc e‡j Ô†Zv‡K ZvjvKÕ Ô†Zv‡K ZvjvKÕ
Ô†Zv‡K ZvjvKÕ, Z‡e wZb ZvjvK nBqv ev‡qb †gvMvj−vhv nBqv
hvB‡eÕ|95
92. e½vbyev` : †evLvix kixd (XvKv : nvwgw`qv jvB‡eªix, 5g ms¯‹iY 1417/1997)

6/167|
93. cÖv¸³ 6/167-68|
94. `ªóe¨ : ÔAvn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjbÕ W±‡iU w_wmm, 3q Aa¨vq, wk‡ivbvg : ÔAvn‡jnv`xQ
wewfbœ bv‡gÕ UxKv mg~n-2, UxKv-59 (K)|
95. e½vbyev` †e‡nkZx †RIi, Abyev`: gvIjvbv kvgQzj nK dwi`cyix (XvKv : Gg`vw`qv
jvB‡eªix, 9g gy`ªY 1990), wØZxq fwjDg, 4_© LÊ c„. 32|
Contents
Reve : Zuvi GB drIqv KziAv‡bi ¯úó jsNb| AZGe Zv MÖnY‡hvM¨

bq|
(6) gvIjvbv gynv¤§v` Ave`yi inxg (1918-1987 L„.)96 e‡jb, ¯^vgx
¯¿x‡K GK m‡½ wKsev mybœZx wbq‡g wZb ZvjvK w`‡j †m ¯¿x‡K wdwi‡q
ivLvi †Kv‡bv Dcvq _v‡K bv| †m Zvi R‡b¨ nvivg n‡q hvq, nvivg
n‡q hvq- ej‡Z n‡e- wPiZ‡i, Z‡e kixq‡Z GKwU gvÎ DcvqB Db¥y³
ivLv n‡q‡Q| Zv n‡jvt Ô†m ¯¿x‡jvKwU Aci ¯^vgx‡K we‡q Ki‡eÕ
(evK¡vivn 230)| Zvici †mB wØZxq ¯^vgx hw` ZvjvK †`q Zvi c‡i hw`
Zviv cybwg©wjZ nÕ‡Z Pvq Ges Avj−vn&i weavb Kv‡qg ivL‡Z cvi‡e
e‡j hw` g‡b K‡i, Zvn‡j Zv‡ì `yÕR‡bi cybivq weevwnZ n‡Z †Kvb
†`vl †bBÕ (c„. 597, wk‡ivbvg : Ônxjv we‡qÕ Rv‡qh bq)|
ÔwKš‘ hw` iv‡Mi ekeZx© n‡q A_ev cwiYvg m¤ú‡K© AÁZvi Kvi‡Y
GKm‡½ wZb ZvjvKB w`‡q †`q,...Gici †h `ytL I AbyZvc Rv‡M
¯^vgxi Aš—‡i, Zvi cÖwZKv‡ii †Kv‡bv DcvqB _v‡K bv Zvi nv‡Z| A‡bK
†¶‡Î Avevi †`Lv hvq, wZb ZvjvK †Ìqvi ciI ¯^vgx-¯¿x wn‡m‡e Zviv
emevm Ki‡Z _v‡K| G n‡”Q my¯úóiƒ‡c wR¡bvi Ae¯’v, wbtm‡›`‡n ZvÕ
nvivg| ZvB †Kv‡bv †jv‡KiB GK m‡½ wZb ZvjvK †Ìqv DwPZ bq|
Gi cwiYvg ZvjvK`vZv ¯^vgx‡KB †fvM Ki‡Z nq| Avi †m cwiYvg
AZ¨š— `ytLgq, wbZvš— AevÃbxq Ges AZ¨š— gg©vwš—K|97
Reve : GK m‡½ wZb ZvjvK I mybœvZx wbq‡g wZb gv‡m wZb ZvjvK‡K
wZwb mgvb MY¨ K‡i‡Qb, hv fyj|
gš—e¨ : Dc‡i ewY©Z Dcgnv‡`‡ki weL¨vZ 6 Rb Av‡j‡gi mK‡ji
GKB gvhnvex myi| Awn-i weavb‡K hyw³ w`‡q LÊb Kivi Ac‡Póv
96. c~e© cvwK¯—vb Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi cÖwZôvZv Avgxi wQ‡jb| c‡i gZwe‡iva NU‡j
1978 mv‡j wZwb BmjvwgK †W‡gvµ¨vwUK jxM (AvBwWGj)-Gi †Pqvig¨vb nb I
RvZxq msm` m`m¨ wbe©vwPZ nb| Rxeb mÜ¨vq wZwb ÔMYZš¿Õ †_‡K wd‡i Av‡mb
Ges ÔwRnv`B Kvg¨Õ e‡jb| me‡k‡l wZwb Bmjvgx HK¨ Av‡›`vjb-Gi cÖwZôvZv
†Pqvig¨vb wQ‡jb|
97. gvIjvbv Ave`yi inxg, cwievi I cvwievwiK Rxeb (BmjvwgK dvD‡Êkb evsjv‡`k,
1g cÖKvk 1983), c„. 597, 596|
Contents
gvÎ| A_P Cgv‡bi `vex nÕj, Awn-i weav‡bi c‡¶ hyw³ †ck Kiv,
wec‡¶ bq| A‡nZzK weZK© bq, AvÁven nIqv| †Kbbv wKZve I
mybœv‡Zi cÖwZ AUzU AvbyM‡Zï g‡a¨B gywg‡bi BnKvjxb g½j I
ciKvjxb gyw³ wbwnZ|
D‡j−L¨ †h, gvIjvbv Ave`yi inxg ÔGK m‡½ wZb ZvjvK w`‡j †m ¯¿x
Zvi Rb¨ wPiZ‡i nvivg n‡q hvqÕ ej‡jI wZwb wKš‘ ÔnxjvÕ we‡q
Rv‡qh K‡ibwb| eis Ônxjv we‡q Rv‡qh bqÕ wk‡ivbv‡g Av‡jvPbvq
e‡j‡Qb, nvbvdx gvhnv‡ei †jvK‡ì g‡Z Giƒc we‡q gKi“nÕ (c„.
602)| c‡iB wZwb wbR¯^ gš—‡e¨ e‡jb, wKš‘ cÖ_‡gv³‡ì gZ †h G
e¨vcv‡i LyeB kw³kvjx Ges AKvU¨ `wjjwfwËK Zv‡Z m‡›`n †bB|
†h- ÔZvnjxjÕ we‡q Ges ÔnvjvjKvixÕ m¤ú‡K© im~‡j Kixg (mt) jvÕbZ
†NvlYv K‡i‡Qb, Zv‡K ïay gKi“n e‡j †Q‡o †Ìqv wKQz‡ZB mgxPxb
n‡Z cv‡i bvÕ (c„. 602)| wZwb AviI e‡jb, G n‡”Q m¤ú~Y© gbMov,
wbR‡ì cÖ‡qvR‡b Avwe®K…Z I D™¢vweZ GK RNb¨ cš’v| cwifvlvq
Giƒc we‡q‡K ejv nq Ôwnjvi we‡qÕ| G we‡qi D‡Ïk¨ ïay Aci
GKR‡bi R‡b¨ ¯¿x‡jvKwU‡K nvjvj K‡i †Ìqvi evnvbv Kiv| Zvi
gv‡b GB †h, wØZxq ev‡i †h †jvK we‡q K‡i Zvi g‡b Gfve RvMÖZ
_v‡K †h, †m G ¯¿x‡jvKwU‡K `v¤úZ¨ Rxeb hvc‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ we‡q
Ki‡Q bv| †m ïay GK iv‡Zi ¯^vgx| ivZ †kl nIqvi c‡iB †m Zv‡K
ZvjvK w`‡q †`‡e,... wVK ¯¿x‡jvKwUi g‡bI G Ae¯’v-G K_vB RvMÖZ
_v‡K|... e¯‘Z G wPš—v I Giƒc K_v †h KZ j¾v®‹i, KZ RNb¨,
exfrm, Zv fvlvq cÖKvk Kiv hvq bv| Giƒc KvR KziAvb nv`xm
mgw_©Z n‡Z cv‡i bv, n‡Z cv‡i bv Bmjv‡gi Dc¯’vwcZ weavb| A_P
ZvB AvR wbZ¨ AbywôZ n‡”Q mgv‡Ri hÎhÎ, kixqZ m¤§Z (?)
weavbiƒ‡c!Õ (c„. 599)|
abëv` gvIjvbv‡K| Z‡e ÔBmjvwgK dvD‡Êkb evsjv‡`kÕ KZ©„K
cieZ©x‡Z Zuvi Ôcwievi I cvwievwiK RxebÕ eBwUi Qvcv eÜ K‡i
†Ìqvi wcQ‡b gvIjvbvi GB ¯úó K_b `vqx wK-bv Avj−vn fvj
Rv‡bb|
Contents
Pvi Bgv‡gi cÖwZ m¤^Ü ch©v‡jvPbv

(0I- 0Mb c d,82 0IJ S)
GK gRwj‡m wZb ZvjvK‡K wZb ZvjvK MY¨ Kivi welqwU AbymiYxq
Pvi Bgv‡gi cÖwZ m¤^Ü Kiv n‡q _v‡K| wKš‘ welqwU‡Z Avgiv wbwðš—
bB| †Kbbv cieZ©xKv‡j Ggb eû wKQz Zuv‡ì gvhnve wnmv‡e Pvjy
n‡q‡Q, †h wel‡q Zvu‡ì †_‡K †Kvb weï× eY©bv m~Î †bB| †Kbbv Pvi
Bgv‡gi g‡a¨ Bgvg kv‡dC (int) e¨ZxZ evKx wZbR‡bi †KDB wdK¡nx
wel‡q †Kvb MÖš’ iPbv K‡i hvbwb| G¶‡Y Zuv‡ì gvhnve e‡j M„nxZ
gvmAvjv mg~‡ni msKjb wnmv‡e †h mKj weivU weivU wdK¡nMÖš’
cieZx©Kv‡j iwPZ I cÖPvwiZ n‡q‡Q, cix¶vq †`Lv hv‡e †h, †m¸wj‡Z
msKwjZ AwaKvsk gvmAvjv wKsev me¸‡jvB Zuv‡ì Abymvix cieZ©x
weØvbM‡Yi iwPZ| Aveyj dvrn gynv¤§v` web Aveyj nvmvb Beby
`vK¡xKzj C` (g„. 702 wn./1303 L„.) Pvi gvhnv‡e cÖPwjZ Qnxn nv`xQ
we‡ivax drIqv mg~‡ni GKwU weivU msKjb ˆZix K‡iwQ‡jb| hvi
ïi“‡Z wZwb †NvlYv K‡i‡Qb †h, L8HWKR K>H UHG(8R 6HX
G K ,G(
E "H ?N OK
3I G& !BG
E 8F R ÔPvi Bgv‡gi bv‡g Pvi gvhnv‡e cÖPwjZ Qnxn nv`xQ
we‡ivax GB gvmAvjv¸wj‡K Zuv‡ì w`‡K m¤úwK©Z Kiv nvivgÕ| †Kbbv
G¸wji gva¨‡g Zuv‡ì Dc‡i wg_¨v‡ivc Kiv n‡q‡Q gvÎ| wZwb
e‡jb, AHBEK>H
*E uF E G
N [KH GBK$H E G AFBK !.]8F R sGB]K _S R .+
F
H G 9"KO*G
AHBE.K+G FXN K F$K ÔgyKv¡ wj−` dK¡xn‡ì Dci IqvwRe nÕj G¸wj Rvbv|
hv‡Z welq¸wj Zv‡ì w`‡K m¤úwK©Z bv n‡q hvq Ges Zv‡ì Dci
wg_¨v‡ivc Kiv bv nqÕ|98 Zvd&Zvhvbx, kvÔivex, AwjDj−vn †`njfx,
†gvj−v gyCb wmÜx, Avãyj nvB jv‡¶èŠex cÖgyL weØvbMY mK‡jB GK_v
¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb|99
98. Qv‡jn web gynv¤§v` dzj−vbx (1166-1218 wn./1752-1803 L„.), CK¡vhy wngvg (êiƒZ
: `vi“j gvÔwidvn, 1398 wn./1978 L„.) c„. 99; Avn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjb (W±‡iU
w_wmm) 172 c„. I 180 c„. UxKv-59|
99. Avn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjb (W±‡iU w_wmm) 172 c„. I UxKv-60 c„. 180-82|
Contents
(1) Dcgnv‡`‡ki Ab¨Zg †kªô nvbvdx Av‡jg Avãyj nvB jv‡¶èŠex

(1264-1304 wn./1848-1887 L„.) GKwÎZ wZb ZvjvK m¤úwK©Z
GK cÖ‡kœi Rev‡e e‡jb, GB Ae¯’vq nvbvdx gvhnve Abyhvqx wZb
ZvjvK cwZZ n‡e Ges ÔZvnjxjÕ e¨ZxZ Zvi mv‡_ c~e© ¯^vgxi
cybwe©evn wm× n‡e bv|
wKš‘ Ggb hiƒix Ae¯’vq †hgb ¯^vgxi wbKU †_‡K D³ gwnjvi c„_K
nIqv KwVb wKsev Zv‡Z ¶wZi AvksKv †ekx, †mB Ae¯’vq Ab¨ †Kvb
Bgv‡gi ZvK¡jx` Kivq ¶wZ †bB| †hgb Gi `„óvš— i‡q‡Q wbi“wÏó
¯^vgxi †¶‡Î| GLv‡b nvbvdxMY Bgvg gv‡jK (int)-Gi gvhnve (Pvi
eQi)-Gi Dc‡i Avgj Kiv Rv‡qh g‡b K‡ib| Z‡e wZb Zvjv‡Ki
†¶‡Î GUvB DËg n‡e †h, H e¨w³ †hb †Kvb kv‡dC Av‡j‡gi wbKU
†_‡K drIqv †R‡b wb‡q Zvi Dc‡i Avgj K‡iÕ|100
(2) Ab¨Zg †miv nvbvdx Av‡jg ikx` Avngv` Mvs‡Mvnx (1244-
1323 wn./1829-1905 L„.) GKwÎZ wZb ZvjvK‡K wZb ZvjvK MY¨
K‡ib Ges ÔZvnjxjÕ e¨ZxZ cybwe©ev‡ni †Kvb c_ †Lvjv †bB e‡j
drIqv †`bÕ| wKš‘ Zuvi wbR¯^ gZ ev gvmjvK wnmv‡e eY©bv K‡ib †h,
†h gvmAvjvq Qvnvev I gyRZvwn`M‡Yi g‡a¨ gZ‡f` i‡q‡Q, †m
gvmAvjvq wb‡Ri ZvnKxK Abyhvqx ev †Kvb nKcš’x gyRZvwn`-Gi
ZvK¡jx`‡K AMÖMY¨ g‡b K‡i Zvi Dc‡i Avgj Ki‡e| we‡ivax gZ‡K
†Kvbiƒc wZi®‹vi Ki‡e bv| eis hiƒix Ae¯’vq Zvi Dc‡i Avgj
Ki‡e| G Kvi‡Y G `ye©j ev›`v nvbvdx gvhnv‡ei nIqv m‡Ë¡I Ab¨
†Kvb gvhnv‡ei Abymvix‡K wZi®‹vi K‡i bv Ges wb‡Ri gvhnvh‡KI
Ah_v A‡bï Dc‡i cÖva¨b¨ w`‡Z †PwóZ nq bv|... cÖ‡qvR‡b kv‡dC
gvhnv‡ei Dc‡i Avgj Kivq †Kvb †`vl †bB| Z‡e †mUv †hb bd‡mi
Lv‡nk c~i‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ bv nq| eis hw` kviC `jx‡ji wfwË‡Z nq
ZvnÕ‡j Zv‡Z †Kvb †`vl †bBÕ (dvZvIqv ikxw`qvn 462 c„.)|
†`Lv †Mj †h, Zvjv‡Ki e¨vcv‡i Dc‡iv³ nvbvdx Av‡jgMY Zv‡ì
Abymvix‡ì nvbvdx gvhnv‡ei drIqvi Dci Avgj bv K‡i kv‡dC
100. dvZvIqv ikxw`qvn (KivPx : gynv¤§v` Avjx KviLvbv‡q KzZze, Zvwe) 462 c„.|
Contents
gvhnv‡ei Dci Avgj Kivi Dc‡`k w`‡q‡Qb| wbtm‡›`‡n GwU

cÖksmvi †hvM¨|
3q c‡¶i `jxj mg~n (eX Y% ; Z[)) :
GB `j e‡jb, mnevmK…Z bvixi Dc‡i wZb ZvjvK eZ©v‡e I
mnevmnxb bvixi Dc‡i GK ZvjvK eZ©v‡e| Zuv‡ì `jxj wbgœiƒc :
(1) ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi hy‡M Zvjv‡Ki ixwZ †Kgb wQj, AveyQ Qnev
bvgK R‰bK e¨w³i Ggb GKwU cÖ‡kœi DË‡i Qvnvex Avãyj−vn Beby
AveŸvm (ivt) e‡jb,
K.+G 4Z !G &H G* G
E .SG G GBH UK YF !E G ?R OR UK ,EwK Z{
K {K 9F CGOKG E >H G .NhK K>H US F L ?K K
L8.K$K G8G +F 4H G G>H E m z!E ;
G *G P R G E HOK*G AG .NG *G 9H E.K+G 7
| N.;
G 7
H H E F G !H EB+G
gG #F G FOK 6F *G G AE BH E.K+G L
F *E uF E H OK :K wK GBE$H EF GGCG !E wK
G L F 8G +F OG
Ô†Kvb e¨w³ hLb Zvi ¯¿x‡K mnev‡mi c~‡e©B wZb ZvjvK w`Z, †jv‡Kiv
Zv‡K GK ZvjvK MY¨ KiZ| GB wbqg Rvwi wQj ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) I
Avey eK‡ii hvgvbvq Ges Igi (ivt)-Gi †Ljvd‡Zi cÖ_g w`‡K|
AZtci hLb Igi D³ e¨vcv‡i †jvK‡ì e¨¯—Zv †`L‡Z cvb, ZLb
e‡jb, GKwÎZ wZb ZvjvK‡K I‡ì Dc‡i Rvwi K‡i `vIÕ|101
Reve : D³ nv`x‡Q GBH U
K YF !E L ?R O UK ,EwK A_©vr Ômnev‡mi c~‡e©BÕ evK¨wU
ewa©Zfv‡e mshy³| G m¤ú‡K© kvqL Avjevbx G AskwU‡K Ôewa©Z I
AcwiwPZÕ (4 4j
*) e‡j‡Qb (BiIqv nv/2055-Gi Av‡jvPbv)|
†Kbbv GB AskwU GKB ivex KZ©„K ewY©Z Qnxn gymwjg-Gi
†iIqvqv‡Zi Ges Avey`vE‡ì Ab¨ eY©bvi wecixZ| †hLv‡b D³
ewa©Z AskwU †bB|102 AZGe Gi A_© nÕj GB †h, mnevmK…Z nDK
101. Avey`vE` nv/2199, nv`xQwU hCd; wmjwmjv hCdvn nv/1134|

102. gymwjg nv/1472 (16); Avey`vE` nv/2200|
Contents
ev bv nDK mKj weevwnZv bvixi †¶‡Î †m hy‡M GKwÎZ wZb ZvjvK‡K

GK ZvjvK MY¨ Kiv nÕZ|103
(2) Igi (ivt) KZ©„K wZb ZvjvK‡K wZb ZvjvK MY¨ Kivi wm×vš—wU
mnevmK…Z bvixi †¶‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ Ges AveyQ Qnev cÖgyLvr Beby AveŸvm
ewY©Z nv`xQwU mnevmnxb bvixi †¶‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨| Gfv‡eB Dfq
nv`x‡Qi g‡a¨ mgš^q Kiv m¤¢e Ges GUvB wK¡qv‡mi AbyKz‡jÕ|
Reve : Beby AveŸvm (ivt) ewY©Z Avey`vE‡ì nv`x‡Qi D³ AskwU
ÔgybKviÕ Ges nv`xQwU hCd| hv BwZc~‡e© D‡j−wLZ n‡q‡Q| AZtci
Igi dviƒK (ivt)-Gi wm×vš—wU BR‡Znv`x| hv KziAvb I mybvœ n cÖ`Ë
kviC ZvjvK weavb‡K evwZj Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| AZGe GB `‡ji
e³e¨ `jxj m¤§Z bq Ges weï× wK¡qv‡miI AbyK~‡j bq|
4_© c‡¶i `jxj mg~n (f- Y% ; Z[)) :
GB `j e‡jb †h, GKwÎZ wZb ZvjvK GK Zvjv‡K ivRÔC wnmv‡e MY¨
n‡e| BÏZKv‡ji g‡a¨ ivRÔAv‡Zi gva¨‡g Ges BÏZ †kl nÕ‡j bZzb
weev‡ni gva¨‡g ¯¿x‡K †diZ wb‡Z cvi‡e| Zuv‡ì `jxj mg~n wbgœiƒc :
(1) Beby AveŸvm (ivt) e‡jb,
H EGGG *G P R G E HOK*G AG .NG *G 7
| 9H E.K+G 7
| N.; G 7 H H E F G !H BE +G K.+G M F K -N ?K K
E $H E.S G E GE !H wK G L ?R > :F 8G +F K K]$K 4Z !G &H G* H K xN M F N hK G 8G +F H K$ K YH E H
gAI .H(E F 6F G*G EABH E.K+G 6F KEWK$ AE BH E.K+G 6F GE
G E O E .K$K 4~G"OK 9H E$H AE BF K
E "GK P E OK
Ôivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) I AveyeKi-Gi hvgvbvq Ges Igi-Gi †Ljvd‡Zi
cÖ_g `yÕeQi GKwÎZ wZb ZvjvK‡K GK ZvjvK MY¨ Kiv nÕZ| AZtci
Igi ej‡jb, †jv‡Kiv Ggb GK wel‡q e¨¯—Zv †`Lv‡”Q, †h wel‡q
Zv‡ì‡K AeKvk †Ìqv n‡qwQj| Avgiv hw` GUv Zv‡ì Dc‡i Rvwi
K‡i w`Zvg! AZtci wZwb GUv Zv‡ì Dc‡i Rvwi K‡i w`‡jbÕ|104
103. D³ wel‡q we¯—vwiZ `ªóe¨ : BiIqv nv/2055-Gi Av‡jvPbv, 7/120-22; wmjwmjv
hCdvn nv/1134-Gi Av‡jvPbv|
104. gymwjg nv/1472; wdK¡ûm mybœvn 2/299|
Contents
gš—e¨ : G nv`x‡Q ¯úófv‡e G‡m‡Q †h, GKwÎZ wZb ZvjvK GK

ZvjvK e‡j MY¨ nÕZ ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi hvgvbv †_‡KB| D³ mij
weavb-Gi Aceënvi †`‡L Igi dviƒK (ivt) K‡VviZv Aej¤^b Kivi
gb¯’ K‡ib I †m g‡Z AvBb Rvwi K‡ib| ivóª‡bZv wnmv‡e mvgvwRK
k„sLjv I w¯’wZkxjZv eRvq ivLvi Rb¨ wZwb mvgwqKfv‡e GB K‡Vvi
eë¯’v Aej¤^b K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb Gi Øviv Avj−vn&i weavb‡K cwieZ©b
K‡ibwb| eis ZvjvK-Gi evovevwo eÜ Ki‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb|
wØZxqZt GwU‡K BRgv wnmv‡e MY¨ Kiv hv‡e bv| †Kbbv KziAvbx wb‡`©k I
mybœv‡Zi ¯úó cÖgvYvw` I QvnvexM‡Yi mw¤§wjZ Avgj gIR‚` _vK‡Z Zvi
wei“‡× BRgv AbywôZ nIqvi cÖkœB I‡V bv| `vex Ki‡jI Zv MÖvn¨ n‡e bv|
(2) AveyQ Qnev GKw`b Beby AveŸvm (ivt)-†K ej‡jb,
K.+G 4Z !G &H G* US G
E CF
S K xN
H "GK G8"LOK AF .KE CGOK
P L,+G H E2H K Kw sH G,BE 5
L GOK ?N OK
K dK]$K .G 8G +F 4H G G>H E H Z{
K {K*G P R G HOK*G gA.* 9.+ 7 .;g m ,HL !H BE +G
gAE G "G P L,+G F E ÔAvcwb wK Rv‡bb †h, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) I AveyeKi-Gi
hy‡M Ges Igi (ivt)-Gi hy‡Mi cÖ_g wZb eQi (GKwÎZ) wZb ZvjvK
GK ZvjvK wnmv‡e MY¨ nÕZ? Beby AveŸvm ej‡jb, nu¨vÕ|105
(3) gvng~` web jvex` e‡jb,
a
P ].-R CG K K {K 9F CGOKG E K G .NhK UP F G E G+ AG .NG *G 9H E .K+G 7
| .N; G 7 | S E F G G ,EYH OS
G EG "GOK*G UN G *G uL +G 7 p H H F G .R FOK : K Kw AL {S ?K ,G E iK 3G ]K $K z £
gl HG(L 6F G*G 9F .SFwR OK 2K OK 7 H K E F G G : K ]K $K U~ F G 3G wK ¤
L &G AE S H BF kR OK
Ôivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-†K R‰bK e¨w³ m¤ú‡K© Lei †Ìqv nÕj †h, †m Zvi
¯¿x‡K GK‡Î wZb ZvjvK w`‡q‡Q| GK_v ï‡b ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) fxlY
µz× n‡q ùvwo‡q hvb Ges e‡jb, gnvb Avj−vn&i wKZve wb‡q †Ljv Kiv
n‡”Q? A_P Avwg †Zvgv‡ì gv‡S †eu‡P AvwQ| GKRb ùvwo‡q ejj, †n
Avj−vn&i ivm~j! Avwg wK I‡K nZ¨v Kie bvÕ?106
105. gymwjg nv/1472 (16); Avey`vE` nv/2200|
106. bvmvC nv/3401; wgkKvZ nv/3292|
Contents
gš—e¨ : Kwbô Qvnvex gvng~` web jvex`-Gi D³ †iIqvqvZ‡K A‡b‡K

ÔgyimvjÕ ej‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| wKš‘ Bgvg Avngv` web nv¤^j (int) `„pZvi
mv‡_ e‡jb †h gvLivgvn Zvi wcZv nÕ‡Z †kv‡bbwb| Z‡e wZwb Zvi
wcZvi wjwLZ wKZve nÕ‡Z eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| Beby gvCbI Abyiƒc
e‡j‡Qb| Zuvi †_‡K Bgvg gymwjg ¯^xq Qnxn-†Z K‡qKwU nv`xQ eY©bv
K‡i‡Qb| AZGe AÎ nv`xQ ÔgyimvjÕ bq; eis ÔgyËvwQjÕ| nv‡dh Beby
nvRvi AvmK¡vjvbx ¯^xq Ôeyj~¸j gviv‡gÕ AÎ nv`xQ‡K ÔQnxnÕ e‡j‡Qb|
wZwb e‡jb †h, Gi eY©bvKvixMY wek¦¯—|107
G‡¶‡Î H e¨w³ Zvjv‡Ki msL¨v I c×wZ wb‡q †Ljv K‡i‡Q| Avj−vn&i
B”Qvi wei“‡× †m wb‡Ri B”Qv cª‡qvM K‡i‡Q| †Kbbv ivRÔC ZvjvK
wnmv‡e GK ev `yB ZvjvK †ÌqvB nÕj Avj−vn cÖ`Ë Awn-i weavb|
A_P †m Zv †Q‡o wZb ZvjvK GK mv‡_ w`‡q D³ weavb‡K nvjKv
K‡i †`‡L‡Q| Avi ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi iv‡Mi KviY †mUvB| wKš‘ Gi
d‡j ÔwZb ZvjvKB cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡qwQjÕ G `vexi c‡¶ †Kvb cÖgvY †bB|
†Kbbv ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi hy‡M GKwÎZ wZb ZvjvK‡K GK Zvjv‡K
ivRÔC MY¨ Kiv nÕZ e‡j Beby AveŸvm (ivt) ewY©Z Qnxn nv`x‡Q
Avgiv †`‡L G‡mwQ|
(4) KziAvbx AvqvZ ?H GCL G M
F
K -N ÔZvjvK `yÕeviÕ K_vwUB GKwÎZ wZb
Zvjv‡Ki mivmwi we‡ivax| †Kbbv Gi A_© GKwUi ci GKwU| ïay
†gŠwLK k‡ã bq; eis c×wZ I cÖK…wZ‡Z| †Kbbv Ôgviv©Zv-bÕ A_©
`yÕevi| `yÕevi A_© GKev‡ii ci wØZxq evi| A_©vr mnevmnxb cweÎ
Ae¯’vi ïi“‡Z cÖ_g ZvjvK w`‡e| AZtci GKBfv‡e wØZxqevi cweÎ
Ae¯’vi ïi“‡Z wØZxq ZvjvK w`‡e| GB `yB ZvjvK ivRÔC n‡e| A_©vr
BÏZKv‡ji g‡a¨ ¯¿x‡K webv weev‡n wdwi‡q wb‡Z cvi‡e| Avi
BÏZKvj †kl n‡q †M‡j bZzb weev‡ni gva¨‡g †diZ wb‡e| Avqv‡Zi
mviK_v GUvB| Gi A_© KL‡bvB GUv bq †h, GK‡Î `yB ZvjvK
ej‡jB `yB ZvjvK n‡q †Mj| †hgb KziAv‡b G‡m‡Q, G 5 G ,GR H H E AL {S
107. gynvj−v 9/388 UxKv, gvmAvjv 1945; hv`yj gvÔAv` 5/220-21|
Contents
H ECGL K ÔAZtci Zzwg †Zvgvi `„wó‡K wdivI wØZxqeviÕ ... (gyj&K 67/4)|
Gi A_© cÖ_gev‡ii ci wØZxqevi| Agwbfv‡e Avbvm (ivt) ewY©Z
nv`x‡Q G‡m‡Q, GB
G E $K
E G5
G &E OK*G G
G BE \G
E G G;*G GB(
G 8E YG
E .N;
G K>H 4S OKE 8G R
ga
E sr G\ H L
G R p
H GEOK }
m OK E H UR YF !E G.R $K GB G *E jG
E +G KhOK*G ÔGKRb gwnjv
hLb cuvP Iqv³ QvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡e, ivgvhv‡bi wQqvg cvjb Ki‡e,
Zvi j¾v¯’v‡bi †ndvhZ Ki‡e Ges ¯^vgxi AvbyMZ¨ Ki‡e, †m
Rvbœv‡Zi ìRv mg~‡ni †hUv w`‡q B”Qv cÖ‡ek Ki“KÕ|108
D³ nv`x‡Q ÔcuvP QvjvZÕ (GB(G 8E YG
E .N;
G ) A_© cuvP Iqv‡³ cuvP evi
dih QvjvZ mybœvZx ZixKvq Av`vq Kiv| GK‡Î cuvPevi QvjvZ QvjvZ
QvjvZ ejv bq| wØZxqZt m~iv ZvjvK¡-Gi 1g Avqv‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q, Ô†n
bex! †Zvgiv ¯¿x‡ì BÏZ Abyhvqx ZvjvK `vI Ges BÏZ MYbv Ki‡Z
_vKÕ (ZvjvK¡ 65/1) A_© wZb gv‡m wZb ZvjvK †Ìqv| GK‡Î wZbevi
ZvjvK ZvjvK ZvjvK ejv bq|
G¶‡Y GKwÎZ wZb ZvjvK w`‡j BÏZ MYbv Kiv I †m Abyhvqx
ZvjvK †Ìqvi my‡hvM _v‡K wK? Gfv‡e KziAvbx wb‡`©k jsNb K‡i
GK mv‡_ wZb ZvjvK w`‡j †mwU kixÔAvZ m¤§Z wZb ZvjvK wnmv‡e
MY¨ nÕ‡Z cv‡i wK?
(5) Avãyj−vn Beby AveŸvm (ivt) e‡jb,
9H E.H+G 7 | N.; G 7 H S E F G 9F K K K]$K K"GKF 3L OS K "GKF E FO !G EuH G !F ,E +G G .NhK
K E F G K Z{K{K GBF]R .NhK E "m>H :K K]$K 9F CGG YE >G* K "GKF 3L OS b G CGOKE H H G :AG .NG *G
L
F E ]S .-K $K sr G(m AF F]R .NhK K>H l ,HG GBlOKG
K CG*G KBE H G F8E .H+G !E wK K Kw H7
gG #F G FOK 6F *G G L BH CH!L H H
108. Avey byÔAvCg, wnjBqvZzj AvDwjqv 6/308; Avjevbx, wgkKvZ nv/3254 ÔweevnÕ
Aa¨vq, Ôbvix‡ì mv‡_ mØënviÕ Aby‡”Q`; Avjevbx, Qnxn AvZ-ZviMxe nv/1931,
nvmvb wjMvqwinx; Qnxn Beby wneŸvb nv/4163, nv`xQ Qnxn-AvibvEZ¡|
Contents
GBE.K+G ?K uH :G $K P!&H G*

P .H
E G E $H Z{
K {K 9F CGOKE S "GKF G .NhK :!G 8G &E WKH
P _R K E $H*G
GBG]R .NhK y
G EK :AG .NG *G 9H E.K+G 7 .; G 7 S E F G 9F KWK( G $K K Kw z!E!H \G z"uE &F
b
G .R CH G8"L@H$K :w A" :Kw P!&H G* P .H E G R¥ :K K]$K Z{ K {K GBF]R .NhK :Kw
gKBG G G$K :K Kw G[R\E ?R >H GBE H E K$ 4Z !G &H G*
ÔAvãy Bqvhx` Avey i“Kvbv ¯^xq ¯¿x D‡¤§ i“Kvbv‡K ZvjvK †`b| G‡Z
wZwb `vi“Yfv‡e gg©vnZ nb| ZLb ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Zv‡K wR‡Ám
K‡ib, Zzwg wKfv‡e ZvjvK w`‡qQ? wZwb ej‡jb, GK gRwj‡m wZb
ZvjvK w`‡qwQ| ivm~j (Qvt) Zv‡K ej‡jb, Avwg Rvwb| IUv GK
ZvjvK n‡q‡Q| Zzwg ¯¿x‡K †diZ bvI| AZtci wZwb m~iv ZvjvK¡-Gi
1g AvqvZwU cvV K‡i ïbvb|109 gymbv‡` Avngv`-Gi †iIqvqv‡Zi
†klw`‡K G‡m‡Q, GBG
G G$K : K Kw
G [R\H ?R >H GBE H E K$ 4~ !G &H G* b
G .R CH G8"L@H$K
ÔGwU GK ZvjvK e¨ZxZ bq| AZGe Zzwg Zv‡K wdwi‡q bvI, hw` Zzwg
PvIÕ| ivex e‡jb, AZtci wZwb Zv‡K wdwi‡q †bbÕ (Avngv` nv/2387)|
UxKvKvi ïÔAvBe AvibvEZ¡ e‡jb, mb` hCd | AZtci wZwb e‡jb,
GZ`m‡Ë¡I kw³kvjx KviY _vKvi d‡j Beby Zvqwgqvn Gi mb`‡K
Ôkw³kvjxÕ e‡j‡Qb| Bebyj K¡vBwqg I fvl¨Kvi Avngv` kv‡Ki G‡K
ÔQnxnÕ e‡j‡Qb (H)|
gš—e¨ : Bgvg kvIKvbx (int) e‡jb, i“Kvbvi G nv`xQ‡K A‡b‡K
Î“wUc~Y© e‡j‡Qb gynv¤§v` Beby Bmnv‡Ki Kvi‡Y| wKš‘ Abyiƒc mb‡`
ZvivB Avevi wewfbœ AvnKvg wel‡q `jxj MÖnY K‡i‡Qb|110 Z‡e AÎ
nv`xQ mb` I gZb Dfq w`K w`‡q Qnxn m~‡Î eY©bv K‡i‡Qb
Avey`vE` ¯^xq mybv‡b111 Ges Avãyi ivhhvK ¯^xq gyQvbœv‡d Beby
109. Avey`vE` nv/2196; ÔAvIbyj gvÔe~` ÔZvjvKÕ Aa¨vq 10 Aby‡”Q`; Avngv`
nv/2387; Avey BqvÔjv nv/2500, wZwb G‡K ÔQnxnÕ e‡j‡Qb (bvqj 8/21), gynvw°K
†nvmvBb mjxg Avmv` e‡jb, ÔGi eY©bvKvixMY wek¦¯—Õ (a]{ 9 ); hv`yj gvÔAv`
5/229; BiIqv 7/144|
110. bvqjyj AvIZ¡vi 8/21|
111. Avey`vE` nv/2219|
Contents
RyivB‡Ri m~‡Î R‰bK eb~ iv‡dÔ nÕ‡Z, AZtci BKwigv AZtci Beby
AveŸvm nÕ‡Z| Beby nvRvi dvrûj evixi g‡a¨ Avey BqvÔjv †_‡K G‡K
ÔQnxnÕ e‡j‡Qb| Avngv` eY©bv K‡i‡Qb gynv¤§v` Be‡b Bmnv‡Ki m~‡Î
Ges gynv¤§v` Be‡b BmnvK wek¦¯—Õ|112
D‡j−L¨ †h, Avey`vE` Ab¨ m~‡Î D³ nv`xQ eY©bv K‡i‡Qb, †hLv‡b
(K L,GR) ÔAvjevËvZvÕ kã G‡m‡Q (nv/2208)| hvi A_© ÔwbwðZ ZvjvKÕ|
ivm~j (Qvt) Zv‡K Kmg Ki‡Z e‡jb, ZLb wZwb e‡jb †h, Avwg GK
Zvjv‡Ki wbqZ K‡iwQjvg| d‡j ivm~j (Qvt) Zv‡K Zvi ¯¿x †dir
wb‡Z e‡jbÕ (Avey`vE` nv/2208)| G¶‡Y cÖkœ: hw` H e¨w³ GKwÎZ
wZb ZvjvK ev‡qb †Ìqvi wbqZ KiZ, ZvnÕ‡j ZvB-B cwZZ nÕZ|
Reve GB †h, nv`xQwU ÔgyhZ¡vwieÕ| Bgvg Avngv` e‡jb, Gi mKj
m~ÎB hCd| Bgvg eyLvixI G‡K ÔhCdÕ e‡j‡Qb|113
mvwe©K ch©v‡jvPbv
(0SI 0IJ S)
1g `‡ji e³e¨ cwi®‹vi| Zuviv KziAvbx AvqvZmg~n I nv`xQmg~n‡K
cÖKvk¨ A‡_© MÖnY K‡i‡Qb Ges we`ÔAvZx ZvjvK‡K evwZj MY¨
K‡i‡Qb| 2q `‡ji e³‡e¨ Zvex‡ji Avkªq ¯úó| GLv‡b ¯^ ¯^ ivq-
Gi c‡¶ `jxj‡K e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q| GZØ¨ZxZ Igi (ivt)-Gi
BR‡Znv`x wm×vš— Abyhvqx mvgwqKfv‡e Rvwi Kiv K‡Vvi cÖkvmwbK
wb‡`©k‡K AMÖvwaKvi †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| 3q `‡ji e³e¨ †iIqvqvZ I
wìvqvZ-Gi we‡ivax| 4_© `‡ji e³e¨ KziAvb, Qnxn nv`xQ I
ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi hy‡Mi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨kxj|
wgmi I wmwiqv‡Z †k‡lv³ `‡ji e³e¨ miKvix AvBb wnmv‡e ¯^xK…Z|
†hgb wmixq AvB‡bi 91 avivq ejv n‡q‡Q †h, ¯^vgx Zvi ¯¿x‡K wZbwU
ZvjvK †Ìqvi AwaKvi iv‡L| 92 avivq ejv n‡q‡Q †h, kvwãKfv‡e
112. nvwkqv gynvj−v 9/391|
113. hv`yj gvÔAv` 5/241; BiIqvDj Mvjxj nv/2063-Gi Av‡jvPbv `ªt 7/139-45|
Contents
†nŠK ev Bw½‡Z †nŠK K‡qKwU ZvjvK GK‡Î wgwjZfv‡e w`‡j ZØviv

GKwUi †ekx cwZZ n‡e bv|114
1961 mv‡j cvwK¯—v‡b cÖewZ©Z gymwjg cvwievwiK AvB‡bI Gi ¯^xK…wZ
i‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`‡kI D³ AvBb miKvixfv‡e Pvjy Av‡Q| †hgb ejv
n‡q‡Q, Ô1961 mv‡ji gymwjg cvwievwiK AvBb cÖeZ©‡bi ci
evsjv‡`‡k ZvjvK Avj-Avnmvb ev ZvjvK Avj-nvmv‡bi mwnZ ZvjvK
Avj-we`v‡Zi †¶‡Î we‡kl †Kvb cv_©K¨ j¶¨ Kiv hvq bv| KviY GB
AwW©b¨v‡Ýi weavb Abyhvqx ZvjvK †h cÖKv‡iB †NvlYv Kiv †nvK bv
†Kb Dnv m‡½ m‡½ ejer n‡e bv| ZvjvK †NvlYvi †¶‡Î BDwbqb
KvDwÝ‡ji †Pqvig¨vb‡K †h w`b †bvwUk cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e †mw`b nÕ‡Z
90 w`b AwZevwnZ nevi ci ZvjvK ejer n‡eÕ|115
1961 mv‡ji gymwjg cvwievwiK AvB‡b ejv n‡q‡Q, Ô†h †Kvb AvKv‡i
ZvjvK †NvlYvi ci h_vkxNÖ m¤¢e welqwU wjwLZfv‡e BDwbqb
KvDwÝ‡ji †Pq¨vig¨vb‡K Rvbv‡Z n‡e Ges †Pqvg¨vb‡K cÖ`Ë wjwLZ
†bvwU‡ki GK Kwc bKj Aci c¶‡K (¯^vgx ev ¯¿x) w`‡Z n‡e| GB
†bvwUk †`qvi weavb Agvb¨ Ki‡j GK eQi ch©š— webvkªg Kviv`Ê ev
cuvP nvRvi UvKv ch©š— Rwigvbv A_ev Dfq cÖKvi kvw¯— n‡eÕ|
ZvjvK †h c¶B w`K bv †Kb, †hw`b †Pqvig¨vb‡K †bvwUk †`qv n‡e,
†mw`b †_‡K beŸB w`b AwZevwnZ bv nIqv ch©š— ZvjvK ejer n‡e
bv| Z‡e ¯^vgx ZvjvK w`‡q _vK‡j Ges Zvjv‡Ki mgq ¯¿x Mf©eZx
114. Avj-wdK¡ûj Bmjvgx Iqv Avw`j−vZzn~ 7/407 c„.|

115. Gm,we. iwng, gymwjg RywimcÖ“‡WÝ, 2q ms¯‹iY 1976, 149 c„.; 7/(3) Takaq:
Sub-scction (5), a talaq,....shall not be effective until the expiration of
nintey days from the day on which notice under sub-section (1) is
delivered to the Chairman.
Modes of talaq: Talaq-i-bidaat, as in actual practice now-a-days, consists
in the pronouncement of 3 talaqs in one sitting which immediately
thereafter severs the marriage tie and the divorce becomes irrevocale
(Talaq-i-bain). This from has its sanction under Hanafi Law and not
recognised by the Shia as also the shafi schools. The Muslim Family
Laws Ordinace, 1961, PP. 60-62.
Contents
_vK‡j beŸB w`b Ges mš—vb f~wgô nIqv ch©š— G `yÕwUi g‡a¨ †h
†gqv`wU `xN©Zi, †mB †gqv` DËxY© nIqvi ci ZvjvK ejer n‡e|
†bvwUk cvevi w`b nÕ‡Z wZwik w`b mg‡qi g‡a¨ †Pqvig¨vb GKwU
kvwjkx cwil` MVb Ki‡e| †Pqvig¨vb, GKRb ¯^vgxi cÖwZwbwa Ges
GKRb ¯¿xi cªwZwbwa GB wZb Rb‡K wb‡q kvwjkx cwil` MwVZ n‡e|
GB cwil` ¯^vgx-¯¿xi weev` wgwU‡q Zv‡ì‡K ZvjvK nÕ‡Z weiZ
_vK‡Z ivRx Kivi Rb¨ h_vmva¨ †Póv Ki‡eb|
cvwievwiK AvBb AwW©b¨v‡Ýi GB weavbwU cweÎ KziAvb kix‡di m~iv
wbmvi 35 bs Avqv‡Zi wb‡`©k Abymv‡i cÖYqb Kiv n‡q‡Q|116
GKwU wePv‡ii bgybv :
g‡b Ki“b 2q `‡ji (nvbvdx) †Q‡ji mv‡_ 4_© `‡ji (Avn‡jnv`xQ)
†g‡qi we‡q nÕj| wKš‘ `yÕeQi c‡iB ¯^vgx Zvi ¯¿x‡K GK‡Î wZb
ZvjvK w`j Ges ¯¿x‡K Zvi ev‡ci evox cvwV‡q w`j| Aíw`b c‡iB
Df‡qi g‡a¨ Aby‡kvPbv RvM‡jv Ges cybwe©ev‡ni Rb¨ e¨vKzj n‡q
DV‡jv| 2q `‡ji †Q‡ji wcZv ÔZvnjxjÕ-Gi kZ© Av‡ivc K‡ib|
c¶vš—‡i 4_© `‡ji †g‡qi wcZv webv Zvnjx‡jB RvgvB‡qi wbK‡U
†g‡q‡K †diZ w`‡Z Pvb| GgZve¯’vq Bmjvgx Av`vj‡Zi wePviK wK
ivq w`‡eb? KviY †Q‡j I †g‡qi gvhnve GK bq| A_P `yÕwU Rxeb
wg‡jB GKwU msmvi| cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki e¨w³MZ gvhnve‡K A¶zYœ ivL‡Z
†M‡j msmvi Rxeb wech©¯— n‡e| GgZve¯’vq †`‡ki AwaKvsk
gymjgvb-Gi M„nxZ (nvbvdx) gvhnve Abyhvqx iwPZ msweavb †gvZv‡eK
hw` Av`vjZ ÔZvnjxjÕ-Gi c‡¶ ivq †`b, ZvnÕ‡j 4_© `‡ji †g‡qi
evev ivhx n‡eb wK? Gi gva¨‡g Zvi ag©xq AwaKvi iw¶Z n‡e wK?
bvwK Av`vjZ `jg‡Zi E‡aŸ© D‡V cweÎ KziAvb I Qnxn nv`xQ
116. Imgvb MwY, gymwjg AvBb (XvKv : †Lvk‡ivR wKZve gnj, 2q ms®‹iY 1973), c„.
116-17| 7/(3) Talaq: (4) Within thirty days of the receipt of notice under
sub-Section (1). The Chairman shall constitute an Arbitration Council
for the purposee of bringing about a reconcilliation between the parties,
and the Arbiration Council shall take all steps necessary to bring about
such reconciliation. The Muslim Family Laws Ordinance, 1961. pp. 60.
Contents
Abyhvqx ÔZvnjxjÕ QvovB cybwe©ev‡ni wb‡`©k w`‡eb? AwaKvs‡ki ivq-

†K Gwo‡q Av`vjZ †m SuywK wb‡Z hv‡eb wK-bv, †mUvB wePvh© welq|
†`‡k Bmjvgx weavb Rvwi Ki‡Z B”QzK ivR‰bwZK `j¸wj welqwU
Av‡MB dvqQvjv Ki“b|
Dcmsnvi (0PQ) :
cwi‡k‡l ejv P‡j †h, ZvjvK `yÕevi A_© †Kej gy‡L `yÕevi ejv bq;
eis m~iv evK¡vivn I m~iv Zvjv‡K¡ ewY©Z wbqgvbyhvqx BÏZ cvj‡bi
D‡Ï‡k¨ ZvjvK w`‡Z n‡e Ges wd‡i cvevi mKj my‡hvM Ly‡j ivL‡Z
n‡e| bB‡j †mªd gy‡L ZvjvK ZvjvK ZvjvK wZbevi ej‡j ÔZvjv‡K
ev‡qbÕ n‡e bv| †hgb gy‡L QvjvZ QvjvZ QvjvZ cvuPevi ej‡j cvuP
Iqv³ QvjvZ Av`vq nq bv|
BwZc~‡e© ewY©Z weØvbM‡Yi PviwU `‡ji g‡a¨ cÖ_g `j Zvjv‡Ki
msL¨v‡K †Kvb ¸i“Z¡ †`bwb| G‡Z Zvjv‡Ki msL¨vMZ ¸i“Z¡‡K jNy K‡i
†`Lv n‡q‡Q| 2q `j ZvjvK-Gi msL¨v‡K me©vwaK ¸i“Z¡ w`‡q‡Qb Ges
G‡Z Zvjv‡Ki wbqg-c×wZ‡K nvjKv K‡i †`Lv n‡q‡Q| d‡j Zvjv‡Ki
Aš—wb©wnZ mvgvwRK D‡Ïk¨ webó n‡q‡Q Ges Zvjv‡Ki KziAvbx c×wZ
cwiewZ©Z n‡q‡Q| 3q `‡ji Av‡jvPbv AMÖnY‡hvM¨| 4_© `j mew`K
†_‡K gyL wdwi‡q cweÎ KziAvb, Qnxn nv`xQ I ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi hy‡M
cÖPwjZ ZvjvK weav‡bi w`‡K wd‡i †M‡Qb Ges Zv‡ZB Kj¨vY †ekx|
wd‡i Pjyb KziAvb I mybœvn&i w`‡K (0", d4 c^ -) :
†h‡nZz weØvbMY GKwÎZ wZb ZvjvK-Gi e¨vcv‡i gZ‡f` K‡i‡Qb
Ges K‡qKwU `‡j wef³ n‡q‡Qb, †m KviY Avj−vn&i wb‡`©k Abyhvqx
Avgv‡ì‡K Avj−vn I Zuvi ivm~‡ji w`‡K wd‡i †h‡Z n‡e Ges
wbi‡c¶Zvi `vexI †mUvB| ZvQvov Zv‡Z cvwievwiK I mvgvwRK
Kj¨vY wbtm‡›`‡n †ekx| †hgb Avj−vn e‡jb,
3H E GRG* 7
H H ?K E FH )E CF AE FES ?R >H H E F L G* 7
H K>H 6F *E l F $K sP E \G E $H AE F+E jG GCG ?R @H$K
gZ E*H WR CG F ( G &E OK*G I EYG b G HK H YH ¦
Contents
ÔAZtci hw` †Kvb wel‡q †Zvgiv weZÊv Ki, ZvnÕ‡j welqwU Avj−vn I
ivm~‡ji w`‡K wdwi‡q `vI| hw` †Zvgiv Avj−vn I Av‡Liv‡Zi cÖwZ
wek¦vmx n‡q _vK| GUvB Kj¨vYKi I cwiYwZi w`K w`‡q DËgÕ (wbmv
4/59)| bB‡j wZb Zvjv‡Ki k‡ãi e¨vcv‡i K‡VviZv Av‡ivc Ki‡Z
wM‡q ¯^vgx I ¯¿x‡K Zvnjx‡ji gZ †bvsiv c‡_i w`‡K †V‡j w`‡Z n‡e,
hv Kvi“ Kvg¨ bq|
AZGe Avmyb! Avgiv cweÎ KziAvb I Qnxn mybœvn&i w`‡K wd‡i hvB
Ges wb‡R‡ì cvwievwiK I mvgvwRK Rxeb‡K kvwš—gq K‡i Zzwj|
Avj−vn Avgv‡ì ZvIdxK w`b| -Avgxb!
?H j UN 7
r F !H "G 9* + G8F .+ 9> L X X
p
F *
F A!+ ¨( G H + AE F"O* z(C 7
| O
ÔGUvB Avgv‡ì Bj&g Ges Gfv‡eB Avgiv Avj−vn&i AvbyMZ¨ Kwi cÖwZ
hy‡MÕ| ÔAvj−vn †P‡q‡Qb mnR Ki‡Z| A_P KwVb Kivi e¨vcv‡i
†Zvgv‡ì wbKU i‡q‡Q bvbviƒc ARynvZÕ|
me‡k‡l Bgvg Avey nvbxdv (int)-Gi K‡É KÉ wgwj‡q Avgiv ewj,
g9F 6R.,HwK 9 G (&E WKH "s * 9.+ "G!wK F (&OK X
*
ÔGUvB m‡e©vËg hZUzKz‡Z Avgiv m¶g n‡qwQ| AZtci †h e¨w³ Gi
†P‡q DËg wKQz Avgv‡ì Kv‡Q wb‡q Avm‡e, Avgiv Zv MÖnY KieÕ|
*****
pCO* J_O "O 2> 9> 2 ?O !B\O J!8©* AB. b":,
gp( 3] 3 ¡)8.*
0 !* ª_i AB. b>
Contents
GK bh‡i wZb ZvjvK I wnj−v

* KziAvbx weavb Abyhvqx wZb gv‡m wZb ZvjvK
†Ìqv‡K Ômybœx ZvjvKÕ ejv nq| Zvi wecix‡Z GK
gRwj‡m GK‡Î ev GK Zzn‡i wZb ZvjvK †Ìqv‡K
nvbvdx gvhnve g‡Z Ô†e`ÔC ZvjvKÕ ejv nq| gymjgvb
mybœvZ gvb‡Z eva¨, we`ÔAvZ gvb‡Z eva¨ bq|
* wZb ZvjvK GK mv‡_ ev GK Zzn‡i w`‡j Zv GK
Zvjv‡K ivRÔC e‡j MY¨ n‡e| hv‡Z ¯¿x‡K wdwi‡q †bIqv
hv‡e| GwU KLbB wZb ZvjvK ev‡qb e‡j MY¨ n‡e bv|
hv‡Z ¯¿x cyivcywi wew”Qbœ n‡q hvq| †hgb GK mv‡_
cuvPevi QvjvZ QvjvZ ej‡j cuvP Iqv³ QvjvZ Av`vq nq
bv| eis mwVK mg‡q cuvP Iqv³ QvjvZ cuvPev‡i Av`vq
Ki‡Z nq|
* cÖPwjZ Ôwnj−v cÖ_vÕ Bmjvg-c~e© Rv‡njx hyM †_‡K P‡j
Avmv bvix wbh©vZ‡bi GKwU wbK…óZg cÖ_v| KziAvb-
nv`xQ bq, †mªd gvhnv‡ei †`vnvB w`‡q gymwjg mgv‡R
A‡b‡Ki g‡a¨ GwU Pvjy Av‡Q| GB KzcÖ_v eÜ Ki‡Z
PvB‡j GK gRwj‡m wZb ZvjvK‡K wZb ZvjvK ev‡qb
MY¨ Kivi †e`ÔC Zvjv‡Ki cÖ_v Av‡M eÜ Ki‡Z n‡e|
GB Zvjv‡Ki cÖwZwµqvq mgv‡R Zvnjx‡ji †bvsiv ixwZ
Pvjy n‡q‡Q| hv Aek¨B eÜ Kiv Acwinvh©|
Contents
72 ZvjvK I cÖ
Ônv`xQ dvD‡Êkb evsjv‡`kÕ Zvnjxj
KvwkZ eB I cÖPvicÎ mg~n
72
†jLK : gynv¤§v` Avmv`yj−vn Avj-Mvwje 1. Avn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjb wK I †Kb? 5g

ms¯‹iY (20/=) 2. H, Bs‡iRx (40/=) 3. Avn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjb: DrcwË I µgweKvk;
`w¶Y Gwkqvi †cÖw¶Zmn (W±‡iU w_wmm) 200/= 4. QvjvZzi ivm~j (Qvt), 4_© ms¯‹iY
(100/=) 5. H, Bs‡iRx (200/=) 6. bex‡ì Kvwnbx-1, 2q ms¯‹iY (120/=) 7.
bex‡ì Kvwnbx-2 (100/=) 8. bex‡ì Kvwnbx-3 [mxivZzi ivm~j (Qvt) 3q gy`ªY] 450/=
9. Zvdmxi“j KziAvb 30Zg cviv, 3q gy`ªY (300/=) 10. wdiK¡v bvwRqvn, 2q ms¯‹iY
(25/=) 11. BK¡vg‡Z Øxb : c_ I c×wZ, 2q ms¯‹iY (20/=) 12. mgvR wec−‡ei aviv,
3q ms¯‹iY (12/=) 13. wZbwU gZev`, 2q ms¯‹iY (25/=) 14. wRnv` I wK¡Zvj, 2q
ms¯‹iY (35/=) 15. nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv, 2q ms¯‹iY (30/=) 16. ag©wbi‡c¶Zvev`,
2q ms¯‹iY (25/=) 17. Rxeb `k©b, 2q ms¯‹iY (25/=) 18. w`M`k©b-1 (80/=) 19.
w`M`k©b-2 (100/=) 20. `vIqvZ I wRnv`, 3q ms¯‹iY (15/=) 21. Aviex K¡v‡q`v
(15/=) 22. AvK¡x`v Bmjvwgqvn (10/=) 23. gxjv` cÖm½, 5g ms¯‹iY (10/=) 24.
k‡eeivZ, 4_© ms¯‹iY (15/=) 25. Avk~iv‡q gynviig I Avgv‡ì KiYxq (10/=) 26.
D`vË AvnŸvb (10/=) 27. ˆbwZK wfwË I cÖ¯v— ebv, 2q ms¯‹iY (10/=) 28. gvmv‡q‡j
Kzievbx I AvK¡xK¡v, 5g ms¯‹iY (20/=) 29. ZvjvK I Zvnjxj, 3q ms¯‹iY (30/=)
30. n¾ I Igivn (30/=) 31. Bbmv‡b Kv‡gj, 2q ms¯‹iY (20/=) 32. Qwe I g~wZ©,
2q ms¯‹iY (30/=) 33. wnsmv I AnsKvi (30/=) 34. we`ÔAvZ nÕ‡Z mveavb, Aby:
(Aviex) -kvqL web evh (20/=) 35. bqwU cÖ‡kœi DËi, Aby: (Aviex) -kvqL Avjevbx
(15/=) 36. mvjvdx `vIqv‡Zi g~jbxwZ Aby: (Aviex) -Avãyi ingvb Avãyj Lv‡jK (35/=)|
†jLK : gvIjvbv Avngv` Avjx 1. AvK¡x`v‡q gynv¤§v`x, 5g cÖKvk (10/=) 2. †KviAvb I
K‡jgvLvbx mgm¨v mgvavb, 2q cÖKvk (30/=)|
†jLK : †kL AvLZvi †nv‡mb 1. mvwnwZ¨K gvIjvbv Avngv` Avjx, 2q ms¯‹iY (18/=)|
†jLK : kvn gynv¤§v` nvexeyi ingvb 1. m~` (25/=) 2. H, Bs‡iRx (50/=)|
†jLK : Avãyj−v‡nj Kvdx Avj-†Kvivqkx 1. GKwU c‡Îi RIqve, 3q cÖKvk (12/=)|
†jLK : gynv¤§v` b~i“j Bmjvg 1. Qnxn wKZvey` †`vÔAv, 3q ms¯‹iY (35/=) 2. mv‡o 16
gv‡mi Kviv¯§„wZ (40/=)|
†jLK : W. gynv¤§v` Kvexi“j Bmjvg 1. âh© : ¸i“Z¡ I Zvrch© (30/=) 2. ga¨cš’v : ¸i“Z¡
I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv (30/=) 3. a‡g© evovevwo, Aby: (D`~©) -Avãyj Mvddvi nvmvb (18/=)|
†jLK : kvgmyj Avjg 1. wkïi evsjv wk¶v (30/=)|
Abyev`K : Avãyj gv‡jK 1. Bmjvgx Av‡›`vj‡b weR‡qi ¯îƒc, Aby: (Aviex) -W. bv‡Qi
web †mvjvqgvb (30/=) 2. †h mKj nvivg †_‡K †eu‡P _vKv DwPZ, Aby: (Aviex) -
gynv¤§v` Qv‡jn Avj-gybvw¾` (35/=) 3. †bZ…‡Z¡i †gvn, Aby: -gynv¤§v` Qv‡jn Avj-
gybvw¾` (25/=) 4. gybvwdKx, Aby: -gynv¤§v` Qv‡jn Avj-gybvw¾` (25/=) 5. cÖe„wËi
AbymiY, Aby: -gynv¤§v` Qv‡jn Avj-gybvw¾` (20/=) 6. Avj−vn&i Dci fimv, Aby: -
gynv¤§v` Qv‡jn Avj-gybvw¾` (25/=) 7. fyj ms‡kva‡b beex c×wZ, Aby: -gynv¤§v` Qv‡jn
Avj-gybvw¾` (25/=)|
†jLK : b~i“j Bmjvg 1. Bnmvb Bjvnx hnxi (30/=) 2. kviC BgviZ, Aby: (D`~©) 20/=|
†jLK : idxK Avngv` 1. Amxg mËvi AvnŸvb (80/=) 2. Avj−vn ¶gvkxj (30/=)|
Abyev`K : Avngv`yj−vn 1. Avn‡jnv`xQ GKwU êwkó¨MZ bvg, Aby: (D`~©) -hyev‡qi Avjx hvC (50/=)|
Avj-†niv wkíx‡Mvôx 1. RvMiYx (25/=)|
M‡elYv wefvM nv.dv.ev. 1. nv`x‡Qi Mí (25/=) 2. M‡íi gva¨‡g Ávb (50/=) 3.
Rxe‡bi mdim~Px (†ÌqvjcÎ) 15/= 4. Qvjv‡Zi ci cwVZe¨ †`vÔAv mg~n (†ÌqvjcÎ)
40/=| 5. drIqv msKjb, gvwmK AvZ-ZvnixK (19Zg el©) 80/=|
cÖPvi wefvM : Avn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjb evsjv‡`k 1. R½xev` I mš¿vmev‡ì wei“‡×
ÔAvn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjbÕ-Gi f~wgKv (25/=)| GQvovI i‡q‡Q cÖPvicÎ mg~n|

09.talak & Tahlil by Prof. Dr. Muhammad Asadullah Al-Ghalib

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09.talak & Tahlil by Prof. Dr. Muhammad Asadullah Al-Ghalib

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0 ZvjvK I Zvnjxj 0

gynv¤§v` Avmv`yj−vn Avj-Mvwje

nv`xQ dvD‡Êkb evsjv‡`k

TALAQ O TAHLEEL by Dr. Muhammad Asadullah Al-

†jL‡Ki f~wgKv ( ./ 0)

cÖ_v| Rv‡njx hy‡Mi Avieiv G KvR KiZ| Bmjvg G‡m Zv wbwl×

Bmjv‡g ZvjvK weavb

3. e½vbyev` Avj-KziAvbyj Kixg (XvKv : BmjvwgK dvD‡Êkb evsjv‡`k cÖKvkbv-2,

nv/2281)| Beby KvQxi (int) e‡jb, evK¡vivn 229 I 230 AvqvZ

5. eyLvix nv/3331, 3330; gymwjg nv/1468; wgkKvZ nv/3238 ÔweevnÕ Aa¨vq|

Avj−vn wbR AbyMÖ‡n Zv‡`i‡K Afvegy³ K‡i w`‡eb| Avj−vn cÖvPzhg© q,

6. eyLvix nv/5065; gymwjg nv/1400; wgkKvZ nv/3080 ÔweevnÕ Aa¨vq|

12. eyLvix nv/7138; gymwjg nv/1829; wgkKvZ nv/3685|

cÖwZ Df‡qi AcZ¨ †mœ‡ni Awfbœ AvKl©Y| Gfv‡e ¯^vgx-¯¿xi Rxeb

wLªóvb‡`i wbK‡U ZvjvK (?C" "B

weevn we‡”Q‡`i mnR my‡hvM bv _vKvq Bn~`x-wLªóvb‡`i b¨vq wn›`y

cv‡iÕ (evK¡vivn 2/230)| Z‡e †Kvb Ac‡KŠk‡ji Avkªq wb‡j wØZxq

ÔZvjvK¡Õ (M-) A_© : eÜbgyw³| †hgb ejv nq, F E

GLv‡b RygvBjvi fvB gvÕwK¡j we‡q‡Z A¯^xK…wZ Rvwb‡qwQ‡jb| AvqvZ

wewfbœ wdK¡n MÖ‡š’ ZvjvK‡K Avnmvb ( (&O), nvmvb ( (&) I we`ÔC

ZvjvK‡K Ô†e`ÔC ZvjvKÕ bv‡g AwfwnZ Kiv n‡q‡Q (†n`vqv 2/354-55)|

Dc‡iv³ ZvjvK weav‡b †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, Bmjvg eva¨MZ Ae¯’vq

AvqvZvsk Øviv| AZtci weØvbMY Gwel‡q GKgZ n‡q‡Qb †h, †h

gybvwdK †bZv Avãyj−vn web DevB‡qi Kb¨v Rvgxjv GKw`b dR‡ii

30. bvqjyj AvIZ¡vi 8/45-46; bvmvC nv/3497; hv`yj gvÔAv` 5/601|

nÕj Zvjv‡Ki b¨vqÕ e³e¨wU KziAvb, mybœvn, BRgv I wK¡qv‡mi

2. cvMj, gvZvj ev AcÖK…wZ¯’ Ae¯’vi ZvjvK : GB Ae¯’vq †`Iqv

(1) Avj−vn e‡jb,  [H8G -

Avj-evM`v`x (362-428 wn.), gyLZvQvi“j Kz`~ix wdj wdK¡wnj nvbvdx (`vi“j

wm×vš— cÖ`vb Kivi d‡j gymwjg cvwievwiK Rxe‡b †b‡g G‡m‡Q

Zvnjxj∗ ( 0R,S)

47. gynv¤§v` web BmgvCj Avgxi“j Bqvgvb AvQ-QvbÔAvbx (1099-1182 wn./1688-

wZiwghxi Ab¨Zg fvl¨Kvi †`De‡›`i mv‡eK gynZvwgg Av‡bvqvi kvn

Zvnjxj-Gi ûKzg ( (4)) :

nhiZ Avãyj−vn Beby Igi (ivt) e‡jb, !H BE +G K.+G z& K_

51. gynv¤§v` bv‡Qi“Ïxb Avjevbx (1333-1420 wn./1914-1999 L„.), BiIqvDj Mvjxj

hZ¶Y bv †Kvb cï ¯^fv‡ei cyi“l‡K Ôfvov‡U luvoÕ wnmv‡e D³ Kv‡R

†`bwb| hw`I Dcgnv‡`‡k GB †bvsiv cÖ_vB Pj‡Q Bmjv‡gi bv‡g I

`~ieZ©x Zvexj mg~n ( NI9 $ % ) :

GKUv mg‡SvZvi c_ †ewi‡q hvq| GQvovI Dfq cwiev‡ii ev

GKwÎZ wZb ZvjvK ch©v‡jvPbv

Zviv KziAvbx AvqvZmg~‡ni e¨vL¨v †`b Gfv‡e †h, KziAv‡b DËg

67. hv`yj gvÔAv` 5/230|

Avqv‡Zi Aax‡b FZz Ae¯’vi ZvjvK, mnevmK…Z cweÎ Ae¯’vi ZvjvK

Ki‡jb BÏZ cvjbKv‡j Zvi †Lvi‡cvl m¤ú‡K©| ivm~jj y −vn (Qvt)

Reve : GgwbZ‡iv eû ÔAvQviÕ gyIqvË¡v gv‡jK, gyQvbœvd Beby Avex

†Kvb gywgb cyi“l ev bvixi †m wel‡q wbR¯^ †Kvb dvqQvjv †`Iqvi

Ae¯’v †h, Gi Ab¨vq I cvc nIqv Gi cÖwZwµqvi †¶‡Î †Kvb evavi

87. e½vbyev` I ms‡¶cvwqZ Zvdmxi gvAv‡idzj †K¡viAvb, Abyev` I m¤úv`bv :

AmZK©fv‡e Ab¨vq †¶‡Î Zv LiP Ki wKsev mg¯— A_© GKmv‡_ LiP

92. e½vbyev` : †evLvix kixd (XvKv : nvwgw`qv jvB‡eªix, 5g ms¯‹iY 1417/1997)

Reve : Zuvi GB drIqv KziAv‡bi ¯úó jsNb| AZGe Zv MÖnY‡hvM¨

Pvi Bgv‡gi cÖwZ m¤^Ü ch©v‡jvPbv

(1) Dcgnv‡`‡ki Ab¨Zg †kªô nvbvdx Av‡jg Avãyj nvB jv‡¶èŠex

gvhnv‡ei Dci Avgj Kivi Dc‡`k w`‡q‡Qb| wbtm‡›`‡n GwU

101. Avey`vE` nv/2199, nv`xQwU hCd; wmjwmjv hCdvn nv/1134|

ev bv nDK mKj weevwnZv bvixi †¶‡Î †m hy‡M GKwÎZ wZb ZvjvK‡K

gš—e¨ : G nv`x‡Q ¯úófv‡e G‡m‡Q †h, GKwÎZ wZb ZvjvK GK

gš—e¨ : Kwbô Qvnvex gvng~` web jvex`-Gi D³ †iIqvqvZ‡K A‡b‡K

GBE.K+G ?K uH :G $K P!&H G* 

†nŠK ev Bw½‡Z †nŠK K‡qKwU ZvjvK GK‡Î wgwjZfv‡e w`‡j ZØviv

114. Avj-wdK¡ûj Bmjvgx Iqv Avw`j−vZzn~ 7/407 c„.|

Abyhvqx ÔZvnjxjÕ QvovB cybwe©ev‡ni wb‡`©k w`‡eb? AwaKvs‡ki ivq-

†jL‡Ki f~wgKv ( ./ 0)

wLªóvb‡`i wbK‡U ZvjvK (?C" "B

ÔZvjvK¡Õ (M-) A_© : eÜbgyw³| †hgb ejv nq, F E

(1) Avj−vn e‡jb, [H8G -

Zvnjxj∗ ( 0R,S)

Zvnjxj-Gi ûKzg ( (4)) :

nhiZ Avãyj−vn Beby Igi (ivt) e‡jb, !H BE +G K.+G z&K_

`~ieZ©x Zvexj mg~n ( NI9 $% ) :

GBE.K+G ?K uH :G $K P!&H G*