1. What is a firewall? What are the different types of firewall present?

State the
limitation of firewalls.
Answer:
1st Part:
A firewall is a network security device, either hardware or software-based, which
monitors all incoming and outgoing traffic and based on a defined set of security
rules it accepts, rejects or drops that specific traffic.
Accept : allow the traffic
Reject : block the traffic but reply with an “unreachable error”
Drop : block the traffic with no reply

2nd Part:
Firewall types can be divided into several different categories based on their
general structure and method of operation. Here are eight types of firewalls:
* Packet-filtering firewalls
* Circuit-level gateways
* Stateful inspection firewalls
* Application-level gateways (a.k.a. proxy firewalls)
* Next-gen firewalls
* Software firewalls
* Hardware firewalls
* Cloud firewalls

3rd Part:
Limitation of Firewalls are as following:
* Firewalls cannot protect against what has been authorized.
* It cannot stop social engineering attacks or an unauthorized user intentionally
using their access for unwanted purposes.
* Firewalls cannot fix poor administrative practices or poorly designed security
policies.
* It cannot stop attacks if the traffic does not pass through them.
* They are only as effective as the rules they are configured to enforce.

2. Mentioned different types of attacks on computer and network systems?

Answer:
Different types of attacks on computer and network systems are as following:
1. Malware
2. Virus
3. Worm
4. Botnet
5. DoS (Denial of Service)
6. DDoS (Distributed DoS)
7. Packet sniffer
8. IP Spoofing
9. Man-in-the-Middle Attack
10. Compromised-Key Attack
11. Phishing
12. DNS spoofing
3. What do you mean by “ Authentication”? 2+2+3+3+2
Answer:
Authentication is a process that ensures and confirms a user’s identity.
Authentication is one of the five pillars of information assurance (IA). The other
four are integrity, availability, confidentiality and nonrepudiation.