CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1. Introduction to Electrical Installation

Electrical installations are important to use electrical equipments in safety
situations for various places. Electrical installers must obey the electrical standards or
codes of this country for planning and designing the projects. According to the UK
Electrical Industry British Standards (BS) and American National Standard
(ANS),UK and American made prescriptions on the basis of which machines,
apparatus, materials and the installations should be designed, manufactured and tested
so that efficiency and function safety are ensured. There have many electrical
standards to install safely and efficiently for various types of places, the commercial
and industrial buildings such as home, offices and hospitals. There are several
agencies and organizations that develop requirements for healthcare electrical
distribution designs and installations. Electrical standards of healthcare facilities are
defined by NFPA(National Fire Protection Agency) as “Buildings or portions of
buildings in which medical , dental, psychiatric, nursing, obstetrical, or surgical care
are provided”. These requirements are typically much more stringent than commercial
or industrial facilities. Some of the specific NFPA standards that affect healthcare
facility design and implementation are NFPA 70-2014-National Electrical Code,
NFPA 99-2015-Healthcare Facilities, NFPA 101-2015-Life Safety Code, NFPA 110-
2016-Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems, NFPA 111-2016-
Standard on Stored Electrical Energy Emergency and Standby Power Systems.
Before the electrical engineer performs the work on site, the essential case
which need to install the electrical equipments fittingly, correctly and efficiently is the
drafting of electrical drawings. Among of the electrical drawings, single line drawings
are life-blood of electrical field. To draft the appropriate electrical drawings, electrical
engineers must meet with clients and engineers who perform their respective works
on site for making correct decisions and plans such as coordinations and revisions.
After this process, making schedules for electrical works leads to perform the plans of
 2

day by day consecutively and successfully on site. Until the site finish, electrical
engineer should keep the drawings of site with the files for the maintenances. This
way will give the accomplishments on site for electrical engineers. After the above
cases, the wiring systems, wiring methods, choice of wiring, lighting systems,
methods of lighting calculation, illuminations and illuminances are also important for
the interior and exterior lighting for the respective places or buildings such as public
places, two-storey or three storey buildings, healthcare centres and hospitals. This
dissertation will describe all instances of electrical system in hospital.
Before the utilitarian inventions of electrical systems, there was a problem for
reducing the waste of time and the exertions of human beings. Before the first
invention of electromagnetic generator which was invented in 1831 by British
Scientist known who as Michael Faraday, there was not other AC and DC power
supplies because American inventor and businessman known as Thomas Edison and
American entrepreneur and engineer called as George Westinghouse established the
first investor-owned electric utility in 1882, basing its infrastructure on DC power and
introduced a rival AC-based power distribution network in 1886 respectively.
Nowadays, there are many sources of power supply as the electricians invented. For
instance, one of their creation which combination with Auto Transfer Switch and
Standby Power Supply (Generator) is valuable for uninterrupted power supply in
hospital. Due to the critical nature of the care being provided at healthcare facilities
and their increasing dependence on electrical equipment for preservation of life, the
have special requirements for the design of their electrical distribution system. In
1986, according to Congress passed the Emergency Treatment and Labor Act
(EMLATA), there must be the emergency rooms for the emergency patients in
hospitals. So, the power supply must provide 24/7/365 for the emergency rooms such
as an emergency department (ED), also known as an accident and emergency
department (A and E), emergency room (ER), emergency ward (EW) or casualty
department. In the last century, the electricians exert for the uninterrupted power
supply by using change over switch which connect EPC and generator power supply
with manually change. This process cannot reduce the exertion of human beings and
waste of time for emergency situations. This process should not be used in the country
which cannot support electrical power supply in 24 hours, especially in Myanmar.
Nowadays, the combination of generator and ATS for safety works, reducing human
beings exertion and waste of time will be the solution of this situation. The
 3

uninterrupted power supply will get again with specific time intervals such as 5
seconds and 10 seconds which can be set in the setting of timer. This thesis shows
electrical installation and ways to get uninterrupted power safely in the hospital.

1.2. Aims and Objectives

This thesis mainly aims to design the electrical system for the whole hospital.
The other objectives to perform this thesis are:
 To understand the electrical lighting, wiring and installation system
 To design and calculate the lighting system of the hospital
 To study the various electrical equipments used in hospital
 To supply uninterrupted power for the emergency rooms of hospital
 To install ATS and generator safely and efficiently for standby power
 To choose correct size of ATS and generator for saving costs and safety
 To consider the electrical load estimation of hospital
 To determine the energy efficiency of lighting with respect to the
illuminance available at task areas
 To calculate energy consumption
 To study the earthing and lightning protection system of the hospital for
protecting electrical shock

1.3. Scope of the Thesis

This thesis is the design of electrical system for the (three-storey building)
hospital. In this thesis, the background theories of lighting, electrical wiring system
and safety systems of high-rise buildings are mainly discussed. The consideration of
lighting system, load calculation of exhaust fans and power sockets are calculated.
The design of electrical installation system and choosing of wire sizes are expressed.
And then, the load demand for this room is also calculated. The risk management is
calculated for the installation of lightning protection. The combination of ATS and
generator lead to supply uninterrupted power supply. The control programme for
connecting EPC supply and the standby power supply is shown. The choosing ways
for the correct size of ATS and generator which need essential power of this building
is expressed. The techniques for solving the problems are also mentioned in this
thesis.
 4

1.4. Outlines of Thesis

There are six chapters in this thesis. In chapter one, introduction of electrical
installation is described. In chapter two, the theory of wiring methods and
illumination systems is mentioned. In chapter three, the overviews of electrical
installation by using electrical drawings, ATS and generator used in hospital is
expressed. In chapter four, the electrical loads calculation for the electricity
consumption of hospital and its emergency rooms is shown. In chapter five, results of
electrical system calculation for three-storey building are discussed. In the last
chapter, discussions and conclusion of the thesis are presented.