The san-bugyō together sat on a council called the hyōjōsho (評定所).

In this capacity, they were

responsible for administering the tenryō (the shogun's estates), supervising the gundai (郡代),
the daikan (代官) and the kura bugyō (蔵奉行), as well as hearing cases involving samurai.
The gundai managed Tokugawa domains with incomes greater than 10,000 koku while
the daikan managed areas with incomes between 5,000 and 10,000 koku.
The shogun directly held lands in various parts of Japan. These were known as shihaisho (支配
所); since the Meiji period, the term tenryō (天領, literally "Emperor's land") has become
synonymous, because the shogun's lands were returned to the emperor.[24] In addition to the
territory that Ieyasu held prior to the Battle of Sekigahara, this included lands he gained in that
battle and lands gained as a result of the Summer and Winter Sieges of Osaka. Major cities as
Nagasaki and Osaka, and mines, including the Sado gold mine, also fell into this category.
Gaikoku bugyō[edit]
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The gaikoku bugyō were administrators appointed between 1858 and 1868. They were charged
with overseeing trade and diplomatic relations with foreign countries, and were based in
the treaty ports of Nagasaki and Kanagawa (Yokohama).

Late Tokugawa shogunate (1853–1867)[edit]

Main article: Bakumatsu

Samurai of the Shimazu clan

The late Tokugawa shogunate (Japanese: 幕末 Bakumatsu) was the period between 1853 and
1867, during which Japan ended its isolationist foreign policy called sakoku and modernized
from a feudal shogunate to the Meiji government. It is at the end of the Edo period and preceded
the Meiji era. The major ideological and political factions during this period were divided into
the pro-imperialist Ishin Shishi (nationalist patriots) and the shogunate forces, including the
elite shinsengumi ("newly selected corps") swordsmen.
Although these two groups were the most visible powers, many other factions attempted to use
the chaos of the Bakumatsu era to seize personal power.[25] Furthermore, there were two other
main driving forces for dissent; first, growing resentment of tozama daimyōs, and second,
growing anti-Western sentiment following the arrival of Matthew C. Perry. The first related to
those lords who had fought against Tokugawa forces at Sekigahara (in 1600) and had from that
point on been exiled permanently from all powerful positions within the shogunate. The second
was to be expressed in the phrase sonnō jōi ("revere the Emperor, expel the barbarians"). The
end for the Bakumatsu was the Boshin War, notably the Battle of Toba–Fushimi, when pro-
shogunate forces were defeated.[26]

List of Tokugawa shōguns[edit]

# Picture Name Shōgun From Shōgun Until

(Born-Died)

1 Tokugawa Ieyasu 1603 1605

(1543–1616)

2 Tokugawa Hidetada 1605 1623

(1579–1632)

3 Tokugawa Iemitsu 1623 1651

(1604–1651)
4 Tokugawa Ietsuna 1651 1680
(1641–1680)

5 Tokugawa Tsunayoshi 1680 1709

(1646–1709)

6 Tokugawa Ienobu 1709 1712

(1662–1712)

7 Tokugawa Ietsugu 1713 1716

(1709–1716)

8 Tokugawa Yoshimune 1716 1745

(1684–1751)
9 Tokugawa Ieshige 1745 1760
(1712–1761)

10 Tokugawa Ieharu 1760 1786

(1737–1786)

11 Tokugawa Ienari 1787 1837

(1773–1841)

12 Tokugawa Ieyoshi 1837 1853

(1793–1853)

13 Tokugawa Iesada 1853 1858

(1824–1858)
14 Tokugawa Iemochi 1858 1866
(1846–1866)

15 Tokugawa Yoshinobu 1866 1867

(1837–1913)

Family Tree[edit]
show