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YAG lasers use Nd: YAG crystals as lasing media.
Nd:YAG Crystals
Some properties of Nd: YAG crystals:
Crystal structure Cubic
Orientation <111>crystalline direction
Doping 0.9%‐1.1%
Lattice constant 1.201nm
Melting point 1970 ℃
Mass density 4.56g/cm3
Moh hardness 8.5
Stimulated emission section 2.8x10‐19cm2
Fluorescence lifetime 230us
Radiation lifetime 550us
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YVO4 lasers use Nd:YVO4 crystals as lasing media.
Nd:YVO4 Crystal
Specifications of standard Nd:YVO4 laser rods:
Pumping wavelength 808 nm~ 810nm
Stimulated emission section 25.0×10‐19cm2 @ 1.06µm
Polarization laser radiation π
Light modulation efficiency > 60%
Differences between YVO4 and YAG:
σ
Nd:doped Α Τ Ια Ρth Ηs
Crystal (x10‐19cm
(atm%) 2 (cm‐1) (µs) (mm) (mw) (%)
)
1.1 31.2 90 0.32
Nd:YVO 4 25 78 48.6
2.0 72.4 50 0.14
Nd:YVO 4
1.1 7 9.2 90 231 45.5
( c‐cut )
Nd:YAG 0.85 6 7.1 230 1.41 115 38.6
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Compared with Nd: YAG (→ YAG lasers), Nd: YVO4 exhibits a much higher
pump absorption and gain (due to the very high absorption and laser
cross sections), a broader gain bandwidth (around 1 nm), a much broader
wavelength range for pumping (often eliminating the need to stabilize the
pump wavelength), a shorter upper‐state lifetime (≈ 100 μs for not too
efficiency of YVO4 can reach 50%~60%,but YAG is only 10%~15%.
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