EMPOWERMENT TECHNOLOGY

LESSON 1 KEY FEATURES OF WEB 2.0

1.   Folksonomy – categorize/ classify/ arrange
intro to ict information using freely chosen keywords;
Information, Communication & Technology (ICT) #hashtag
-   deals with the use of different communication 2.   Rich User Interface – content is responsive to
technologies such as mobile phones, user’s input
telephone, internet, etc. to locate, save, send, 3.   User Participation – users are able to place
and edit information. their own content by means of comments,
-   Philippines à ICT Hub of Asia reviews, and evaluation
Ø   growth of ICT jobs (call center/ BPO: 4.   Long Tail – services are offered on demand;
business process outsourcing charges you for the amount of time you
centers) spend on the internet that charges you for
-   2013 edition of Measuring the Information the amount of bandwidth you used
Society by the Intl. Telecommunication Union: -   WEB 3.0
106.8 cellphones per 100 Filipinos (2012) 1.   Semantic Web – movement led by the
-   ICT industry shares 19.3% of the total WWW Consortium (W3C); provides a
employment population framework that allows data to be shared
st
-   Time Magazines: Makati City (1 ) & Cebu City and reused to deliver web content
th
(9 ) as the “Selfiest Cities around the World” specifically targeting the user
2.   Compatibility – HTML files and current web
World Wide Web (WWW) browsers cant support Web 3.0
-   WEB 1.0 3.   Security – user’s security is also questioned
-   most web pages were static since the machine is saving the user’s
(flat/stationary page); “AS IS” preferences
-   ex: okada website; about websites 4.   Vastness – WWW already contains billions
-   WEB 2.0 of web pages
-   interactive; dynamic: ability to 5.   Vagueness – certain words are imprecise;
comment & create; web pages the words “old” and “small” would depend
affected by user input/ preference; on the user
log-in 6.   Logic – since machines use logic, there are
-   ex: social networking sites, blogs, certain limitations for a computer to be
wikis, and video sharing sites (yt, etc.) able to predict what the user is referring to
at a given time
Trend in ICT
-   Convergence – synergy of technological
advancements to work on a similar goal/ task;
comp to make docs = you can use your phone
-   Social Media – web app./ online channel that
enables users to create, co-create, discuss,
modify, and exchange user generated content
-   Mobile Technologies – the popularity of
smartphones and tablets has taken a major rise
over the years; largely because of its capability
to do tasks originally done in computers
-   Assistive Media – non-profit service designed to
help people who have visual/ reading
impairments; database of audio recordings is
used to read to the user
Six Types of Social Media
1.   Social Networks – allows you to connect with
other people with the same interests; create
account, set up profile, add people, share
content (ex: fb, google)
2.   Bookmarking Sites – allows you to store and
manage links to various sources; create a tag &
share (ex: stumble upon, pinterest)
3.   Social News – allows users to post their own
news items/ links to other news sources; can
also comment on the post (ex: reddit, digg)
4.   Media Sharing – allows you to upload and share
media content like images, music (ex: flickr, yt,
ig)
5.   Microblogging – focuses on short updates from
those subscribes to the user (ex: twitter, plurk)
6.   Blogs & Forums – allows user to post while
allowing other users to comment on the said
topic (ex: blogger, wordpress, tumblr)
Mobile Operating System
1.   iOS – apple devices
2.   Android – developed by Google; open source
(mobile phone companies use this OS for free)
3.   Blackberry OS – blackberry devices
4.   Windows Phone OS – closed source and
proprietary OS developed by Microsoft
5.   Symbian – og smartphone OS; nokia devices
6.   WebOS – og used in smart phones, now also in
smart TVs
7.   Windows Mobile – developed by Microsoft for
smartphones & pocket PCs
LESSON 2A
online safety & security
Online Safety
-   knowledge of maximizing the user’s personal
safety and security risk to private information,
and self-protection from computer crime in
general
10 safety tips
1.   Know the Scams – learn about the different
kinds of scams and what you can do to avoid it
2.   Think before you click
3.   Safety Peruse – sites may have a similar address
to the legit site, but can have wrong
spelling/grammar/ low qual pics
4.   Shop Safety – don’t shop on a site w/o https or
padlock on the left/ right of the url
5.   Kick-butt Passwords – use and uncrackable pw
6.   Protect your infos – back up all data on comp.,
phone, tablet
7.   Watch your Wi-Fi Connectivity – protect network
by changing your router’s setting and making
sure that you have the connection pw-protected
8.   Install a firewall – great line of defense against
cyber attracts
 9.   Keep up to date – best security updates
automatically to protect your computer
10.   Use your Noggin – use common sense while
surfing the web
Digital Footprint
-   trail of data you create while using the internet
LESSON 2B
online netiquette
Netiquette
-   network etiquette; do’s and don’ts of online
communication
-   set of rules for acceptable online behavior
-   common courtesy online & informal “rules of
the road” of cyberspace
10 rules of Etiquette
1.   Treat others as you would be treated (GOLDEN
RULE)
2.   No Flaming – Flame (personal insult
communicated through the internet); Flaming
(what people do when they express a strongly
held opinion w/o holding back any emotion
3.   Don’t type ALL CAPS – people may misinterpret
(yelling); is rude
4.   Don’t Spam SPAM – Spam (unsolicited email
from unknown sources; usually used in ads
5.   Don’t talk with people you don’t know – don’t
arrange to meet anyone you meet online
6.   Obey Copyright Laws – don’t steal someone
else’s idea
7.   Use proper Grammar and Spelling – error
diminish the credibility of the message
8.   Be honest/ be yourself – don’t prerend to be
someone else; tell the truth
9.   Follow the Terms of Service (TOS) – rules which
one must agree to abide in order to use a
service
10.   Shop Secure Sites – there are websites which is
secure from online hackers; URLs begin with
https instead of just http to indicate that they
are encrypted
LESSON 3
online & research skills
Internet Research
-   has a profound impact on the way ideas are
formed and knowledge is created
-   practice of using internet information,
especially free info on the WWW
STRENGTH
1.   faster than other medium (lib/ books)
2.   will save user’s physical distance
3.   you can share info w/ other people
4.   quality of info speed, immediacy and complete
disregard for physical distance
WEAKNESS
1.   possibility of leak someone’s personal info;
negative effect in your life
2.   incorrect info online
3.   you can get many harmful objects (ads)
Online Research Skills
-   Check your sources
-   Ask good questions
-   Go beyond the surface
-   Be patient
-   Respect ownership
-   Use your network
Search Engines
-   a computer program that searches docs
especially on the WWW for a specified word/s
 and provides a list of docs in which they are 8.   Dialog Box Launcher – will help user access
found (ex: google, bing, yahoo!, ask, AOL, more Word functionality & options
wow, webcrawler, info, infospace, duckduckgo, 9.   Status Bar – displays miscellaneous info on
contentko, dogpile, alhea, ixquick) your doc like # of pages/ words, etc.

  10.   Zoom Controls – area that displays your page
LESSON 4
  zoomed in or out
microsoft word Mail Merge
Three main Components of Mail Merge
Microsoft Word
1.   The main document contains the boiler
-   widely used commercial word processor
information: the text and graphics; the main
designed by Microsoft
document also determines the format of the
-   is a graphical word processing program that
resulting merged document
users can type with
2.   The data source that contains the variable
Anatomy
information
3.   The merged document that contains the
combination of boilerplate text and variable
information
HOW TO CREATE
1.   Open MS Excel and select Blank Workbook
2.   Input the (Name, Position, Company Name,
Company Address, Salutation) using MS Excel
and save
1.   Quick Access Toolbar – one click access to
3.   Open MS Word and choose blank document
commands you often use
4.   Select Page Layout Tab then Paragraph
2.   Title Bar – displays the name of your current
Settings; set the line spacing into single and
document
change the after into 0. Then click OK
3.   Sign In – user can use most of MS word
5.   Select Mailings menu and choose Select
functionality; proper internet connection then
Recipients. Select “Use an Existing List”
sign in with MS account
6.   Find the excel file you made, then click OK
4.   Share – share documents w/ your friends then
7.   Select Mailings menu and choose Insert
working on it group wise
Merge Field. Add the following:
5.   Tell me what you want to do – new feature
<Name>
which has came newly in MS Word 2016
<Position>
6.   Ribbon – area will help access to all word
<Company Name> <Company Address>
options and features
7.   Tabs – file, home, insert, design, view, layout
<Salutation>
tab, mailings, and review
 8.   Click on Preview Results and click the Next LESSON 5
 
Record single arrow to jump to the next microsoft excel
recipient
Microsoft Excel
9.   Click File and choose Save
-   is a software program produced by MS that
File Format
allows user to organize, format, and calculate
-   MS word native file format are denoted either
data with formulas using a spreadsheet system
by .doc or .docx (2007, 2010, 2013, 2016 for
-   tool for data management
Windows) file extension
-   excel can also display data as charts,
Password Protection
histograms, and line graphs
-   There are 3 password types that can be set in
Anatomy
MS Word:
1. PW to open a doc
2. PW to modify a doc
3. PW restricting formatting and editing
-   2 & 3 were developed by MS for convenient
shared use of docs rather than for their
protection
-   PW to open a doc offers much tougher
protection that had been steadily enhanced in
the subsequent editions of MS Office 1.   Tab – used to display the worksheet that a user
MS Word Shortcut Keys is currently editing
1.   Ctrl A – select all contents of the page
2.   Ctrl B – bold highlighted section
3.   Ctrl C – copy selected text
4.   Ctrl D – open the font preferences window
5.   Ctrl E – aligns the line or selected text to center 2.   Ribbon – row of tabs and icons at the top of the
of the screen excel window that allows user to quickly find,
6.   Ctrl F – open find box understand, and use commands for
7.   Ctrl I – italic highlighted section completing a certain task
8.   Ctrl J – aligns the line or selected text to justify 3.   Rows – numbered vertically
the screen 4.   Column – lettered horizontally
9.   Ctrl K – insert a hyperlink 5.   Cell – where rows and columns intersect (B2)
10.   Ctrl L – aligns the line or selected text to the 6.   Sheet – made up of set of rows & columns
left of the screen
11.   Ctrl M – indent the paragraph
12.   Ctrl N – opens new, blank doc window
 7.   Excel Work book – “excel file” which contains 26.   Alt + X – add-ins tab
one or more worksheets 27.   Alt + Y – help tab
28.   Alt + F8 – create, edit, or delete a macro
29.   Alt + F11 – open MS visual basic for apps.
Editor
Using Formulas
Formulas
-   performs operations such as add, multiply,
Short Cut Keys and comparison on worksheet values
1.   F12 – open the save as dialog box STEPS
2.   Ctrl + W – close a workbook 1.   Highlight cell you want to write a formula for
3.   Ctrl + F4 – close excel 2.   Click into the formula bar and type the
4.   Shift + F11 – insert new worksheet operation you wish to perform
5.   Ctrl + F2 – print review 3.   Always start a formula with an equal (=) sign
6.   F1 – help panel 4.   Click enter for result
7.   Alt + Q – tell me what you want to do box CALCULATION OPERATIONS IN FORMULAS
8.   F7 – check spelling 1.   Arithmetic – basic math operations
9.   F9 – calculate all worksheets in all open (*, ^, /, +, -, ())
workbooks 2.   Comparison – compare; true/ false
10.   Shift + F9 – calculate active worksheets 3.   Text Concatenate – combine 2 text values
11.   Alt or F10 – turn key tips on/off SMITH | JOHN à SMITH, John
12.   Ctrl + F1 – show/ hide ribbon 4.   Reference – operator
13.   Ctrl + Shift + U – expand/ collapse the formula : colon (range operator)
bar , comma (union operator)
14.   F2 – quickly edit cell contents single space (intersection operator)
15.   Ctrl + F9 – minimize workbook window
16.   F11 – create a bar chart based on selected data NOT BASED ON PPT (FORMULAS)
(on a separate sheet) = SUM (B1, B2)
17.   Alt + F1 – F11 but on same sheet = IF (AND(B6>=90, C6>=90), “with
18.   Alt + F – open file tab distinction”,”average”)
19.   Alt + H – opens home tab = COUNT (B1:B20)
20.   Alt + N – insert tab = COUNTIF (B1:B20, “p”)
21.   Alt + P – page layout tab = SUMIFS (B1:B10, C1:C10, F3, D1:D10, F4)
22.   Alt + M – formulas tab = SUMIF (K4:K12, “MCKHY”, I4:I12)
23.   Alt + A – data tab = VLOOKUP (K4, B:H, 7, 0)
24.   Alt + R – review tab = CONCATENATE (A1,”,”,” “, B1)
25.   Alt + W – view tab = UPPER (
 DATES AND TIMES
FUNCTIONS -   used to manipulate date and time values
-   predefined formulas that perform calculations =today() – returns a serial # which represents
by using specific values (arguments), in a today’s date
particular order/ structure
-   can be used to perform single/ complex
calculations
PARTS
=year() – returns the year corresponding to the
=SUM(A1:A15) serial # (date value)
Equal Sign Arguments
Function Name

-   Syntax (the photo above) – specific order of

functions; must be followed for the function to =networkdays() – calculates the # of working
work correctly [=Function Name(Argument) ] days between two dates
TEXT FUNCTIONS
-   used to manipulate text values such as:
=right () –isolate specific # of characters from R

STATISTICAL
-   functions used to give summary information
about a collection of values
=left() – isolate specific # of characters from L
=count(x:y) – counts the # of cells in a range
that contains number
=average(x:y) – returns the mean value in the
list (x:y)

=concatenate() – combines 2 diff. text values

=lower() – converts text to lower case
=UPPER() – converts to upper case
=len() – num. of characters in a text value
=stdev(x:y) – calculates standard deviation
based on entire pop. given as arguments
LOGICAL FUNCTION
=if() – checks whether the condition is met,
and returns one value if true, and another if
false
=and() – checks whether all arguments are
true
=countif() – counts the # of cells in a range that
match one supplied conditions
KAHOOT QUIZ
=sumif() – adds all #s in a range of cells based
on one criteria
=sumifs() – sum cells that match multiple
criteria
=vlookup() – vertical look up by search for a
value in the first column of the table and
returning the value in the same row in index
number position
-   lookup_value – the value you are looking for.
-   table_array – the range of cells that make up the
table
-   column_index – the number of column from
which to retrieve a result
-   range_lookup,TRUE=approximate, FALSE =
exact – the match mode
1.   Identity Theft is obtaining the information of
another person for the purposes of assuming
that person’s identity to make purchases
2.   Phishing is a cybercrime in which scammers
send a malicious email
3.   Hacking is the gaining of unauthorized access
to data in a system or computer
4.   Account verification points to a website
pretending to be a company’s legitimate site &
asks for your login credentials
5.   Child Solicitation involves the use of internet as
means to sexually abuse/ exploit minors
6.   Financial Identity Thief uses another person’s
identity/ info to obtain credit, goods, services,
or benefits
7.   Cyber Libel deals with an online defamation
8.   Tax Scam claims you are delinquent on your
taxes and provide a mean to fix
 9.   Synthetic Identity Thief combines real (usually
stolen) and fake information to create a new
identity
10.   Medical Identity Thief identifies himself as
another person to obtain free medical care
11.   A criminal identity thief misrepresents himself
as another person during arrest to try avoid a
summons (case/kaso)
12.   Cloud File sharing contains a link to what
appears to be shared file on Google docs,
Dropbox, or another file sharing
13.   Electronic Libel and Cybercrime Prevention Act
of 2012 is the law prohibiting libel
14.   Docusign will prompt you to sign in to view the
document, giving attackers control of your
inbox
15.   Fake Invoice contain document presented as an
unpaid invoice and claims service will be
terminated if invoice isn’t paid
16.   White Hat Hackers gains access to systems with
a view to fix the identified weaknesses
17.   DNS Spoofing is an attack that uses altered
Domain Name records to redirect traffic to a
fraudulent site
INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING DESIGN
WEEK 1
intro to course
THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
-   sector of national economy engaged in
preparation of land and construction,
alteration, and repair of buildings, structures,
and other real property
18.   Cookie Theft occurs when a third party copies
unencrypted session data and uses it to
impersonate the real user
19.   Virus redirects users to a site that lets you
interact with a fake interface
20.   UI Redress is released by hacker into the files of
the website once they enter into it
21.   A cracker is a hacker who gains unauthorized
access to computer systems for personal gain or
steal corporate data
22.   A grey hat is a hacker who is in between ethical
and black hat hackers
23.   A script kiddies is a non-skilled person who
gains access to computer systems using already
made tools
24.   A hacktivist is a person who gains unauthorized
access to computer files or networks in order to
further social or political ends
25.   To conduct Mail Merge, you should click the
Mailings button first.
CATEGORIES
1.   Building Construction Industry – all general
contractors and operative builders primarily
engaged in the construction of residential,
farm, industrial, commercial, or other bldgs.
2.   Heavy Construction Industry – all general
contractors primarily engaged in heavy
construction such as highways, streets, bridges,
sewers, railroads, irrigation projects, flood
control projects, and marine construction
 3.   Special Trade Construction Industry – all special
trade contractors who undertake activities of a
type that are specialized either to building
construction, including work on mobile homes,
or to both building and non-building projects;
includes projects such as painting, electrical
work, plumbing, etc.
NATURE OF CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
1.   Goods and Services – Houses, apartments,
factories, offices, schools, roads, and bridges
are only some of the products in this industry;
the industry’s activities include the building of
new structures, including site preparation, as
well as additions and modifications to existing
ones; the industry also includes maintenance,
repair, and improvements on these structures
2.   Industry Organizations – three major segments
a.   General contractors – residential,
industrial, commercial & other buildings
b.   Heavy and civil engineering construction
contractors - sewers, roads, highways,
bridges, tunnels, and other national
infrastructures
c.   Specialty Trade Contractors – all types:
carpentry, painting, plumbing, electrical
work
Working Conditions
1.   Hours – many employees work over 40 hours a
week (sometimes even on weekends and
holidays to finish a job/ take care of an
emergency); the weather may halt
construction; workers usually don’t get paid if
they can’t work due to weather
2.   Work Environment – physical stamina is
required because work often requires
prolonged standing, bending, stooping, and
working in cramped quarters; lift & carry heavy
objects; exposure to weather; dangerous tools/
equipment; great heights; prone to more
injuries than other jobs
Contribution to GDP & Employment
-   The PH economy, measure by GDP posted a
6.2% growth in 2018
-   Construction posted the highest year-on-year
growth rate (tripled at 15.9% for 2018)
-   The construction industry expanded by 16.3%
in the 3rd quarter of 2019 (faster growth in
Private Construction; and slower in public than
the previous year)
-   The share of the industry’s total employment of
the country increased by 9.4% in the first 9mos.
of 2018
-   The industry continues to provide job
opportunities, employing on the average total
of 3.848million workers
-   Trade Secretary Ramon Lopez said under the
Construction Industry Roadmap 2020 to 2030
crafted by the Dept. of Trade & Industry through
the Const. Industry Authority of the Ph. and the
Ph. Contractors Assoc., the industry is aiming to
boost its contribution to the economy to P130
trillion from just P2.3 trillion last year
Construction Stages
1.   Planning and Definition
-   Projects should never be executed
without proper planning and due
consideration of all the costs, desired
outcomes, alternatives, and impacts
on all stakeholders
2.   Design
Ø   Design is critical and very essential.
Structures fail due to failure in design
and in management of competent
individuals
 3.   Procurement and Construction
Ø   Procurement is one of the most
important factors in the success of
construction projects
Ø   It’s pivotal throughout the entire
project during both design and
construction phases; and it relies
heavily on the experience, market
knowledge, and resources of the
project managers
Critical Project Attributes
Every project is unique and can be influenced by:
1.   The shape and size of the project site
2.   The type of project
3.   Ground conditions where the facility will be
constructed
4.   The location of the project
5.   Neighboring properties
6.   Weather conditions during construction
7.   The availability of resources, both to build the
project, as well as those required to operate the
completed facility
8.   The materials available, as well as those chosen
for the project
9.   The available skills for construction and for
operations
10.   The timing of the project
11.   The available funds
12.   The contractor and subcontractors
13.   The designers
14.   The design
15.   Applicable legislation & specifications
16.   Permitting conditions
17.   Existing utilities & infrastructure
18.   The project site topography
19.   The various stakeholders
Success Factors of Project Construction
1.   Is finished on time
2.   Is completed within budget
3.   Is of good quality
4.   Achieves what is supposed to
5.   Adds value to the community, or certainly
doesn’t detract from the community
6.   Resulted in profits for the contractors (including
subcontractors)
7.   Is completed safely
8.   Makes efficient use of resources
9.   Benefited the workers; through wages,
learning, and promotions
10.   Doesn’t damage the environment
11.   Doesn’t have major disputes; labor, legal or
contractual
12.   Satisfies most stakeholders and doesn’t
seriously adversely impact some
13.   Results in long term success for the project
achieving:
a.   Commercial success
b.   Process efficiency
c.   Minimal maintenance
d.   Operational safety
e.   Sustainable operations
Construction Truths
-   A project that is successful for one person/ party
might not be successful for someone else
-   The success of failure of a project should not just
be viewed only in terms of the construction
phase, but rather should be considered for the
project as a whole, and how it impacts on all
stakeholders through the life of the project
-   Projects that have successful outcomes during
constructions could be a disaster when they’re
completed & operational
 -   It is important that greed and excessive profits -   a cheap method of
aren’t allowed to dominate construction project constructing light-weight
processes concrete that was banned
-   A project should aim to be successful for most shortly after the incident
stakeholders and shouldn’t be detrimental to CAUSES:
some -   Budget allocation
-   The success of a project is often determined -   Contractors/ designers
long before construction begins -   Change in scope
Problems Encountered in Project Construction -   Poor design
1.   Poor Foundation (The Tower of Pisa) -   Poor management
-   Unstable foundation (too small -   Contractual and legal disputes
limestone base of only 3, deep was -   Unforeseen events
built into a dene clay bed = tower was HOW TO AVOID
never going to last) -   Owner must be prepared with everything
-   5 years = lean; 10 degrees -   Well-carried out and diligently-done
-   added 600 tons of counterweights to preliminary works to avoid unpleasant
the base surprises
2.   Heat amplification & Wind tunnel (VDARA -   Researching all aspects of the project
HOTEL) -   Appointing competent contractors and
Ø   Las vegas; Rafael Viñoly designers using suitable and binding contract
Ø   Giant magnifying glass, intensifying documents
light so much that it harmed hotel -   Ensuring the work is carried out in accordance
guests and earned it the nickname with the required legislation and specifications
“Death Ray Hotel” -   Design must be fit for purposes and meets
Ø   Concave shape; 160 degrees F; every requirement
melting a man’s jaguar; fry egg on -   Strong cooperation between stakeholders
sidewalk
Ø   Had to install screens at certain point WEEK 2
to prevent reflection of direct sunlight
sustainable construction
3.   Interior materials & design alterations
(Versailles Wedding Hall) Sustainable Construction
Ø   Collapsed during wedding of Keren -   The design, construction, and operation of
and Asaf Dror in 2001; 23 deaths & projects have environmental, economic, and
100+ injured social impacts
Ø   Issue: Pal-Kal (Eli Ron) building -   Means evaluating these potential impacts and
method selecting strategy that emphasize the positive
impacts while minimizing the negative impacts
Sustainable Actions Buildings can qualify for four levels of LEED
-   Reuse of materials and minimization of Certifications: Certified, Silver, Gold, and Platinum
construction waste (sustainable site development, water savings, energy
-   Minimization of noise, light, and air pollution efficiency, materials and resources selection, indoor
during construction environmental quality, and design innovation)
-   Protection and restoration of the natural
environment The Philippine Green Building Council (PHILGBC) was
-   Elimination of storm water runoff and soil incorporated on March 22, 2007 as a national non-stock,
erosion non-profit organization that promotes the sharing of
-   Selection of construction materials with high knowledge on green building practices to the industry to
recycle content ensure a sustainable environment. It was organized to
The Eight Categories of Standards serve as a single voice in the promotion of holistic and
1.   Location and transportation market-based green building practices, to facilitate the
2.   Sustainable sites sharing of green building information and practices in
3.   Water efficiency the building industry, and to serve as a non-partisan
4.   Energy and atmosphere venue for the development of a green building rating
5.   Materials and resources system.
6.   Indoor environmental quality
7.   Innovation PHILGBC has been campaigning for the transformation
8.   Regional priority of design, construction and management methods of the
industry into practices that are environmentally and
Green Building Council socially responsible, safe and healthy, and a prosperous
The US Green Building Council (USGBC) commenced environment that improves the quality of life.
LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design)
in America in 2000 and has become the worldwide PHILGBC is a member of the World GBC – Asia Pacific
criterion for green building certification. Network, the Intl. Initiative for a Sustainable Built
Environment (iiSBE), and a global partner of the GLOBE
The LEED certification on a building is a mark of quality Alliance.
and achievement in green buildings.
Building for Ecologically Responsive Design Excellence
It provides an independent verification of a building or (BERDE)
neighborhood’s green features, which also evaluates the -   Established in 2009 by PHILGBC
building’s design, construction, operation, and -   An appropriate response to the Ph. building
maintenance of resource-efficient, high-performing, industry’s need to proactively address the
healthy, and cost-effective buildings negative impacts of climate change
 -   Established to develop the Ph’s own national EXAMPLES OF BERDE CERTIFIED BUILDING (PH)
voluntary green building rating system to 1.   The Net Metropolis (BGC)
facilitate green building projects in the country -   1st building certified under BERDE
-   Recognized by the Ph. government, through 2.   Net Lima
the DOE, as the National Voluntary Green -   Uses condensate drain collection to
Building Rating System augment the water supply for
-   Is developed under the BERDE program irrigation and general maintenance
-   Is a tool to assess, measure, monitor, and certify +++ rain water collection system
the performance of green building projects -   VEHICLE POWER STATION
above and beyond existing national and local (collaboration with Meralco)
building and environmental laws, regulations,
and mandatory standards Construction Terms and Practices
1.   Owner
CERTIFICATION: PHILGBS will certify project based on -   Public and private, public – private
outcomes from assessment during BERDE Certification partnership
process -   Instigating party that gets the project
financed, designed, and built
BERDE CERTIFIED: The project must complete the BERDE 2.   Prime contractor
Certification process, comply with all minimum system Ø   General contractor
requirements, and achieve the minimum rating for Ø   Firm that contracts directly with the
certification owner for the construction, either in
its entirety or for some designated
BERDE CERTIFICATION PROCESS portion
Stage 1: design 3.   Competitive bidding
Stage 2: construction, renovation Ø   Process of selecting the “lowest
Stage 3: improving operations responsible bidder”
4.   Negotiated contracts
BERDE RATING Ø   Includes any terms and provisions
that are mutually agreeable to the
owner and contractor
5.   Subcontracting
Ø   When the prime contractor engages a
specialty firm to accomplish a
particular portion of the project
6.   Design-bid-construct and design-construct
7.   Fixed-sum contract
 Ø   Requires the contractor to complete a 6.   Project managers
defined package of work in exchange 7.   Main contractor
for sum of money fixed by the contract 8.   Specialist contractors
8.   Construction management 9.   Clerk of works
Ø   Provision of professional 10.   Planners
management services to the owner of 11.   Utility providers
a construction project with the 12.   Owner’s operations team
objective of achieving high quality at Project Concept and Planning
a minimum cost -   Projects should never be executed without
SUMMARY proper planning and due consideration of all
-   The construction industry forms a large part of a the costs, the desired outcomes, the
national economy and affects all people, alternatives, and the impacts on all
organizations and institutions stakeholders
-   A construction project is complex, requiring SYDNEY OPERA HOUSE: one of the world’s most over
resources and masterful execution by a variety budgeted projects
of skilled professionals and craft workers under -   1957: contest for architect to design “national
the leadership of the project manager opera house”; client’s goal à showcase
-   The structure of a specific construction project is australia’s creative and technical capacities; No
based on one of many project delivery systems parameters on the building’s cost/ construction
that best matches the characteristics of the timeframe
project -   1958: Jorn Utzon à “Red Book” – not a

  comprehensive working document for
WEEK 3 & 4
  strategizing the construction of the building

building fundamentals (contains details of some elements of the

overall project: designs, consultant reports,
Project Team
varied plans)
-   The size and make-up of the project team will
-   Jorn Utzon collaborates with Ove Arup
depend on the size and complexity of the
(structure & engineering); NO REAL PROJECT
project, the owner’s in-house abilities, the way
MANAGER
the owner has elected to manage the project
-   UNDER CONSTRUCTION IN 1965
and the abilities of the members of the project
-   Utzon’s vision divided the construction project
team
into three segments: the podium, the outer
1.   Design engineers (civil, struc., mech., elec.,
shells, and the interiors and windows
ventilation, fire, process)
-   1966: seven years from start of construction,
2.   Architects
and four years after the proposed completion
3.   Quantity surveyors
date à X Stage 2
4.   Interior designers
5.   Landscape designers
 -   1967 (end): Jorn Utzon gave up,, 3 australian
engineers completed phase 2
-   The project was originally scheduled for 4 years,
with a budget of AUS $7 million. It ended up
taking 14 years to be completed and cost AUS
$102 million.
-   Queen Elizabeth II inaugurated the Sydney
Opera House in 1973, after 17 years of
redesigns, underestimates, and cost overruns
-   2003: Utzon was honored with the Pritzker
Prize for Architecture (highest archi prize)
Things to consider in project concept and
planning
1.   what is wanted
2.   what is needed
3.   how much will the project cost and can it be
afforded
4.   what does the community want
5.   project scope of work
6.   income and benefits
7.   where to situate the project
CONSIDERATIONS ON LOCATIONS
-   existing infrastructure
-   proximity to facilities
-   ground/ foundation conditions Project Schedule
-   slope of terrain and degree of difficulty of
building on the site
-   zoning of the site
-   availability of skills to construct the project, as
well as to operate/ use the facilities
-   cost & availability of land INCLUSIONS OF SCHEDULE:
-   proximity and access to markets and raw
materials
-   the tax regime applicable to site
-   security
8.   how will the project be constructed, managed,
and operated
9.   when
-   when is the latest that the project
must be completed to fulfill its need
or requirement
-   duration of construction work
-   how long it’ll take to organize and
arrange finance
-   time required to complete sufficient
design to enable construction work to
begin
-   procurement time for material and
equipment
-   impact of the climate on construction
-   availability of resources
-   impacts on operations of the
community
-   availability of permits/ permissions
-   availability of required services/
utilities
10.   extent or size of the project and the possible
requirements for future expansions
11.   sufficient utilities (availability and location)
12.   access
13.   all costs
-   consist of all the tasks required to complete the
project
-   usually displayed as a gantt/ bar chart
-   individual tasks are shows as bars measured
against a time scale
1.   preliminary concept and planning stage
2.   preparing preliminary estimates
3.   procuring all approvals
4.   appointment of designers and proj managers
5.   design development
6.   site investigations
 7.   preparation of construction drawings -   the members of the project management team
8.   design and drawing approvals should be appointed using a contract which
9.   budget preparation and approvals clearly outlines the duties and responsibilities
10.   document preparation of the parties and the costs
11.   appointing contractor -   completing a project successfully is a team
12.   installation of services and access essential for effort and it’s essential that the owner, the
construction and for the operation of the facility designers, and the project manager works as a
13.   contractor mobilization coordinated team, where each party
14.   all construction activities understands their roles, responsibilities and
15.   testing and commissioning limits of authority and where the success of the
MILESTONES project comes first
-   CRITICAL PATH: longest path through schedule
and determines the overall project duration; WEEK 5
 
any delay in any activity on the critical path
design stage
results in a delay in the completion of the
project Building Systems

TIME vs. COST -   all building systems are typically designed,

TIME vs. QUALITY installed, managed, maintained and supported

by their own team of domain of experts

Project Management -   they are often evaluated and controlled both as

-   Application of knowledge, skills, tools and an independent system and as a part of a larger
system and the whole building
techniques to the many activities required to
TYPES OF BUILDING SYSTEMS
complete a project successfully
1.   Civil
2.   Structural
3.   Electrical
4.   Mechanical
5.   Energy
6.   Plumbing
7.   Security
8.   Technology
Design Constraints and Limits
SUMMARY
-   There may be certain restraints which impact
-   managing a proj may require a number of
the choice of technology as well as the
different specialists
construction processes
-   it is important that a knowledgeable and
CONSTRAINTS AND LIMITS
experienced team is selected who are familiar
1.   Environmental laws, such as:
with constructing similar projects
 a.   The levels of air pollutants that the
facility can emit
b.   Protection of particular plants and
animals
2.   Building specifications
3.   Minimum design requirements
4.   Fire rating and restrictions
5.   Safety codes
6.   Labor and employment laws
7.   The requirement to use local companies,
services, or products
8.   The requirement to use local workers
CODES
-   National Building Code of the Philippines
(Presidential Decree No. 1096 revising
Republic Act No. 6541)
-   National Fire Code of the Philippines (Republic
Act No. 9514)
-   National Plumbing Code of the Philippines
(Republic Act No. 1378)
-   National Electrical Engineering Law (Republic
Act No. 7920)
PERMITS
P.D. 1096 (National Building Code of the Philippines)
Section 301. Building Permits
Design Primary Considerations
1.   Life Cycle Costs
-   Operating Costs
-   Maintenance
2.   Traffic and Parking
3.   Positioning of the structures on the property
4.   Working in and around existing structures
5.   Factors of safety
6.   Design life
7.   Buildability
8.   Resources and technology
9.   Operational safety and security
10.   Procurement (incorporating long lead items)
11.   Fire, health, security, and weather
12.   Requirements for a green building and energy
efficiency
13.   Cost estimating and value engineering
Structural Load
-   Forces, deformations or accelerations applied
to a structure component
-   Causes stress, deformations, and
displacements in structures
-   Assessment of their effects is carried out by the
methods of structural failure, and hence such
possibility should be either considered in the
design or strictly controlled
-   Structural analysis is very important because
structural loads may result in structural
problems, or even failure
-   The bldg. regulations require that structures
must be designed and built to be able to
withstand all load types that they are likely to
face during their lifecycle
1.   DEAD LOAD (permanent/ static)
Ø   Weight of structure itself/ immovable
objects (walls, carpet, roof, etc.)
2.   LIVE LOAD (imposed)
Ø   Movable; changes from time to time;
to be suitably assumed by designer
3.   ENVIRONMENTAL (Wind, Snow, Earthquake)
Ø   WIND: horizontal (side to side); 4-5
story bldg. wind load is not critical
Ø   SNOW: vertical load
Ø   EQ: both horizontal & vertical
Structural Theory
-   Structure design is the application of structural
theory to ensure that structures are built to
support all loads and resist constraining forces
 that may be reasonably expected to be imposed
on them during their expected service life,
without hazard to occupants or users and
preferably without dangerous deformations,
excessive sideways, or annoying vibrations;
good design requires that this objective be
achieved economically
WEEK 6
design stage (pt 2)
Building Construction Types
1.   Wood Frame
Ø   Oldest and most widely used
Ø   Cheap; renewable materials
Ø   Flammable; weak
2.   Light Gauge Steel Frame
Ø   Heavier material is used in structural
pieces that in non-load bearing
members
Ø   Materials are protected by a
galvanized coating
Ø   High strength to weight ratio; cheap;
flam resistant
Ø   Steel loses strength when exposed to
heat
3.   Joisted/ Load-Bearing Masonry
Ø   Concrete blocks/ bricks; not common
in residential but still used in
commercial bldgs.
Ø   Cost efficient
Ø   Labor intensive; not earthquake
resistant
4.   Steel Frame Construction
Ø   Large bldgs.; steel columns & trusses
to support floors and roofs
Ø   Main structure (heavy steel); non-
support (light gauge)
Ø   Flexible & easily assembled;
engineered component are available
Ø   Prone to corrosion in high humidity
environments; lose strength in
temps. of 500+ degrees
5.   Concrete Frame Construction
Ø   Reinforced concrete columns, beams,
slabs to support structure
Ø   Concrete (locally sources); easily
formed
 Ø   Concrete requires time to cure for
max. strength; not seismic resistant
2.   Plinth – dividing line between sub and
6.   Pre-Engineered Construction
Ø   Fast construction; engineered to
handle loads; easy to design and
manufacture
Ø   Costly; designs are limited
d.   Slab – structure element usually
rectangle; with certain thickness;
generally made up of (reinforced)
cement concrete
e.   Floor – upper surface of slab
f.   Roof – multiple-enclosure type of
system consists of a horizontal or
inclined top covering
superstructure; provides additional stability;
usually kept atleast 1.5ft above general bldg.
ground level

3.   Substructure – below ground level

a.   Foundation – all loads of
Basic Building Components superstructure are transmitted here
1.   Superstructure – portion of a building that
extends above the ground level WEEK 7  
a.   Walls
drawing plans
•  Load-bearing – carries weight of
others Basic Symbols

•  Non-load-bearing – only supports its

own weight
b.   Beam – common nomenclature for
any supporting member
c.   Column – vertical structural member
that carry loads mainly in
compression; might transfer loads
from ceiling/ slab/ beam to floor/
foundations
 Ø   paths, roads & neighboring plots
are also shown
Ø   this type if plan enables the
builder to mark out the site, lay
drainage pipes and build
manholes
Ø   also shows existing trees, bldg.
Types of Drawings outline, main dimensions of
1.   Construction Drawings house/site, pipes and manholes,
Ø   The main purpose of construction etc.
drawings is to provide a graphic LOCATION PLAN
representation of what is to be built Ø   “vicinity map”
Ø   Should be concise & coordinated to Ø   1:1250 scale is used often
avoid ambiguity and confusion Ø   identifies location of the
a.   Architectural proposed new building within
Ø   Mother drawing for all other its surroundings
drawings Ø   helps builder plan layout of new
Ø   Contains all details of bldg. scheme and is required by
project (location site, setting out plan, the local govt. planning dept.
elevations, sections, etc.) which decides whether or not to
i.   Perspective – 3D (eye level & approve the project
vanishing point of viewer); Ø   neighboring bldgs. And their
realistic impression of what it will boundaries are shown, as are
look like in reality roads, street names, and fields
WORKING PLANS
Ø   floor plan
Ø   ceiling plan
Ø   roof plan
Ø   wall plan
Ø   door and window schedule
Ø   miscellaneous
Ø   elevation drawings (ortho
projections; most common view
SITE PLAN/ SITE DEVELOPMENT PLAN
used to describe external
Ø   “block plan”
appearance)
Ø   1:200 scale is used
b.   Structural
Ø   shows site boundary & outline of
c.   Electrical
new bldg.
 d.   Fire protection
e.   Plumbing and sanitary
f.   HVAC
2.   Concept Drawings
3.   Shop Drawings
4.   As-built Drawings

YIIEIE U’RE DONE NA CONGRATS YOU GOT THIS <3

-keana