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PENGANTAR SAP

APA ITU SAP ?

SAP (System Application and Product in data
processing ) adalah
Software untuk mendukung suatu organisasi
dalam menjalankan kegiatan operasionalnya
secara lebih efisien dan efektif.
merupakan software Enterprise Resources
Planning (ERP), yaitu suatu tools IT dan
manajemen untuk membantu perusahaan
merencanakan dan melakukan berbagai
aktivitas sehari-hari.
terdiri dari sejumlah modul aplikasi yang
mempunyai kemampuan mendukung semua
transaksi yang perlu dilakukan suatu
perusahaan dan tiap aplikasi bekerja secara
berkaitan satu dengan yang lainnya
(terintegrasi/terhubung)

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SAP R/1 , R/2

June, 2011
The R/1 system
Developed for ICI Chemical
Released 1972
Focused on Sales & Distribution and Materials Management

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Discontinued after release of R/2

The R/2 system

Reorganized as leading mainframe software for large
R/2
multinational corporations
Basis System
No sales effort planned – reactive only
4,300 copies worldwide in 1993
Mainframe-based to replace user legacy software;
co-existence and migration strategy underway for R/2 and R/3

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SAP R/3
June, 2011

World-wide usage
Designed to satisfy the information needs for business
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sizes (small local to large all international)

Multi-lingual
Multi-currency
Designed to satisfy the information needs for all
industries (industry solutions)

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SAP R/3

June, 2011
Enables a company to link it’s business processes
Ties together disparate business functions (integrated

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business solution)
Helps the organization run smoothly
Real-time environment
Scalable and flexible

SAP R/3 : 3 Tier Architecture

June, 2011

The Presentation Layer

Those SAP R/3 software components that
specialize in interacting with end-users
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form the Presentation Layer.

The Application Layer

Those SAP R/3 software components that
specialize in processing business
applications form the Application Layer.

The Database Layer

Those SAP R/3 software components that

specialize in the management , storage and
retrieval of data form the Database Layer

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SAP R/3 : 3 Tier Architecture

June, 2011
Presentation Layer components are installed across many PCs

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The Application Layer
components are installed
across one or more high-
end servers.

The Database Layer

components are installed on
high-end database server.

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MODUL-MODUL DI SAP
SAP terdiri dari modul-modul aplikasi sebagai berikut :
o SD-Sales & Distribution: membantu meningkatkan efisiensi kegiatan
operasional berkaitan dengan proses pengelolaan customer order (proses sales,
shipping dan billing)
o MM-Materials Management: membantu menjalankan proses pembelian
(procurement) dan pengelolaan inventory
o PP-Production Planning: membantu proses perencanaan dan kontrol
daripada kegiatan produksi (manufacturing) suatu perusahaan.
o QM-Quality Management: membantu men-cek kualitas proses-proses di
keseluruhan rantai logistik
o PM-Plant Maintenance: suatu solusi untuk proses administrasi dan
perbaikan sistem secara teknis
o HR-Human Resources Management: mengintegrasikan proses-proses HR
mulai dari aplikasi pendaftaran, administrasi pegawai, management waktu,
pembiayaan untuk perjalanan, sampai ke proses pembayaran gaji pegawai
o FI-Financial Accounting: Mencakup standard accounting cash management
(treasury), general ledger dan konsolidasi untuk tujuan financial reporting.
o CO-Controlling: Mencakup cost accounting, mulai dari cost center accounting,
cost element accounting, dan analisa profitabilitas
o AM-Asset Management: Membantu pengelolaan atas keseluruhan fixed
assets, meliputi proses asset accounting tradisional dan technical assets
management, sampai ke investment controlling
o PS-Project System: Mengintegrasikan keseluruhan proses perencanaan
project, pengerjaan dan kontrol

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DAMPAK INTEGRASI
Dengan mengimplementasikan SAP di suatu
organisasi akan mengintegrasikan sistem yang
berakibat:
Perubahan yang dilakukan pada satu modul secara
otomatis akan mengupdate modul yang lainnya bila
informasi yang dirubah berkaitan dengan modul
tersebut. Hal ini yang dikenal dengan istilah “real-time
processing”
Integrasi secara sistem bisa terjadi dengan syarat
bahwa seluruh perusahaan harus menggunakan satu
sumber data yang sama, baik untuk data customer,
data product maupun data vendor.
Transparansi data - Semua user yang mempunyai akses
ke sistem akan dapat melihat semua informasi yang
paling up-to-date setiap saat diperlukan walaupun
informasi tersebut di-input oleh user lainpun.

CONTOH INTEGRASI DENGAN SAP :

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DATA DI SAP
Tipe data yang terdapat dalam sistem SAP:
1. Data Transaksi
• Data yang digunakan untuk melakukan transaksi
di SAP, contoh: membuat purchase order
• Setiap transaksi akan tersimpan di dalam satu
dokumen tertentu
2. Master Data
• Data utama yang harus dibuat dengan benar
supaya transaksi bisa dilakukan, contoh: material
master, vendor master, customer master
• Master data tersimpan secara terpusat dan
digunakan oleh seluruh modul aplikasi dalam
sistem SAP

PROSES BISNIS DAN FUNGSI

DALAM SAP
Dalam suatu organisasi, misalnya
perusahaan manufacturing, ini berarti
integrasi keseluruhan proses supply chain
– mulai dari supplier sampai dengan
customer – dalam suatu rangkaian proses
yang saling berbagi informasi.
Proses-proses bisnis yang berlaku pada
suatu organisasi manufacturing meliputi :
1. Rangkaian proses end-to-end
2. Proses Procurement to Payment
3. Proses Order to Cash
4. Proses Inventory/Warehouse Management
5. Proses Plan & Manage Enterprise (FI/CO)

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1. Rangkaian Proses End-to-End

2. Proses Procurement to Payment

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4. Proses Inventory/Warehouse Management

Proses-proses yang termasuk ke dalam Inventory
Management / Warehouse Management Flow:

5. Proses Plan & Manage Enterprise (FI/CO)

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INTEGRATED SYSTEMS APPROACH

June, 2011
Common set of applications
Usually requires re-engineering business

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processes
Better alignment
Limited customization
Easier upgrades
Overcomes inefficiencies of independent
systems
Integrated data supports multiple business
functions

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ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING

... synchronization of Company functions...
June, 2011
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Purchase

Manufacturing Finance

Sales

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ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING

… and extended to the complete value chain...

June, 2011
Tier I Component

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Manufacturer

Vehicle OEM

Tier II Component
Supplier

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ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING

... delivering administrative and decision support with...
June, 2011
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Decision support and

analysis

Processes monitoring &

feedback

Administrative
registration

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What is an ERP solution...?

…Integrated across the primary and support processes

June, 2011
Distribution

Manufacturing

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Marketing

Planning
Materials and Finance
Execution

Engineering Sales

Human Resources
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The ERP application

June, 2011

• An integrated suite of business

applications, which..
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– Closely links, monitors, and controls primary enterprise resources like

manpower, machine, material, methods, market and money.
– Enables corporate to readily change their processes to adapt to the
ever changing business scenario.
– Provides expertise in industry specific business processes.

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EXAMPLE : PEN INCORPORATED

PROCURE FOR SALES ORDER

June, 2011
Pre-Sales Sales Order Accounts
Delivery Billing
Activity Receivable

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Availabilit Goods to
y Check Delivery

In Plant or Inventory General

Inventory Warehouse Postings Ledger
YES Accounts

NO Goods from
Purchase Order

Purchase Purchase Goods Invoice Accounts

Requisition Order Receipt Receipt Payable

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PEN INCORPORATED
PRODUCE FOR SALES ORDER
June, 2011

Pre-Sales Sales Accounts

Delivery Billing
Activity Order Receivable
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© SAP AG - University Alliances. All

Availabilit Goods Issued

y Check to Delivery

In Plant or Inventory General

Inventory Warehouse Postings Ledger
YES
Accounts
Issue Goods
NO to Production Goods from
Order Production Order

Planned Production Completion Accounts

Order Order Confirmation Payable

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TOPICS

Organizational Elements and Master Data

Business Process for Procurement
Reporting and Analysis

PROCUREMENT

The primary SAP R/3 Sales &

Distribution
Financial
Accounting
application modules Materials
that support the Mgmt. Controlling

Procurement process Production

Planning
Fixed Assets
Mgmt.

are: R/3
◦ Materials Management Client / Server
Quality
ABAP/4 Project

Purchasing Mgmt. System

Plant
Goods Receipts Maintenance Workflow

Invoice Verification Human

Resources
Industry
Solutions

◦ Production Planning
Purchase Requirements
◦ Financial Accounting
Payment Processing
Materials Valuation

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COMPONENTS OF MATERIALS MANAGEMENT

June, 2011
Foreign

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Valuation Trade/
Customs
Logistics
Service
Invoice
Master
Verification
Materials
Product
Management Purchasing MRP
Catalog
(MM) Material
Service
Entry
Master
Sheet
Inventory Physical
Mgmt. Inventory

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ORGANIZATIONAL ELEMENTS

The SAP R/3 Procurement business process uses

the following organizational elements:

Company Code Plant Storage Location

Purchasing Organization Purchasing Group

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MASTER DATA

The following master data is used in the

Procurement cycle:
Material master
Vendor master

MATERIAL MASTER PRIMARY VIEWS

Basic Data Purchasing

Material Resource Sales
Planning Work Scheduling
Stocks in Inventory
Quality Management
Accounting
Forecasting
Storage
Classification
Warehouse Management

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VENDOR MASTER

The Vendor Master includes all data necessary

for processing business transactions and
corresponding with vendors.
Information is shared between the accounting
and purchasing departments.
All data is grouped into three categories:
General data
Company code data
Purchasing data

TOPICS

Organizational and Master Data

Business Process for Procurement
Reporting and Analysis

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PROCUREMENT CYCLE
The procurement cycle may consist of eight processes:

Purchase Order
Purchase Order

8. Payment
1. Requirements
determination
2. Source
determination
7. Invoice verification

Purchase Order
Purchase Order
6. Goods receipt and 3. Requisition assigned
inventory management to a Vendor

5. Order follow-up 4. Order processing

BUSINESS PROCESS FLOW FOR

PROCUREMENT
The main documents and transactions in the
Procurement process are:

Purchase Purchase Goods Invoice

Requisition Order Receipt Posting

Planning, Reporting, and Analysis

Note: Payments to vendors are usually made at specified times (e.g. at the end
of the month).
Payment amounts are determined according to the ‘open’ invoices posted on
the system.

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PURCHASE REQUISITION PROCESSING

or

Material Resource Direct Entry

Purchase Order
Planning Purchase Order
Purchase Order

Purchase requisition Release strategy Purchase order

Determine source of supply

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PURCHASE ORDERS

A purchase order is a formal request to a vendor

to provide certain materials or services under
specific conditions (quantity, price, delivery date,
etc.)

Purchase Purchase Goods Invoice

Requisition Order Receipt Posting

Planning, Reporting, and Analysis

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PURCHASE ORDER PROCESSING

Purchase
Purchase
Order
Order

• •Standard
Standard
Direct Entry
• •Sub
Subcontract
contract Statistics
or Purchase • •Consignment
Requisition Consignment
Third-party
• •Third-party Order History
Purchase Order
Purchase Order
Purchase Req.

Stock material Account assignment

(cost center, asset,
Consumable material project…)
Service

GOODS RECEIPT

When goods are received from a purchase order,

the item data is copied from the purchase order
into the goods receipt document.

Purchase Purchase Goods Invoice

Requisition Order Receipt Posting

Planning, Reporting, and Analysis

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GOODS RECEIPT FOR STOCK MATERIAL

Entering the goods receipt increases the inventory level of a

material that is procured for stock.

Purchasing
documents
Items
1.
2.
3. Goods Warehouse / stores
Receipt

Inventory Management (MM module) controls and

records all goods movement, form purchase order
Vendor receipt through the plant, to consumption

RESULTS OF A GOODS RECEIPT POSTING

Transaction documents are created both for

materials management and finance.
Accounting
document
G/L accounts: Stock quantity
Consumption account Consumption statistics
GR/IR account

Material Point of consumption

document Cost center Order
Goods Receipt
Posting
Goods receipt Transfer
slip Order
Purchasing data:
Order item, Order history

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INVOICE PROCESSING

This last step in the procurement process includes

invoice verification and updating accounts payable
in the FI module.

Purchase Purchase Goods Invoice

Requisition Order Receipt Posting

Planning, Reporting, and Analysis

Payment will then be made later based upon the ‘open’ invoices posted on
the system

INVOICE VERIFICATION ENVIRONMENT

Invoice verification accesses data from purchasing,
inventory management, material master, and
vendor master files.
G/L accounts
Purchase Assets
Order Purchase Order
Purchase Order
Cost centers

Projects
Vendor
Invoice Invoice Orders
verification
Goods
Receipt Posting
Postingan
aninvoice
invoicein
inthe
theR/3
R/3System
System
updates
updates purchasing and accountingdata
purchasing and accounting data
Material master

Vendor master

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VENDOR PAYMENT

Accounts payable reads the invoice file and pays all

posted invoices due. (Payment runs can be
automated to occur at specific times.)
Vendor Bank
Financial 1000 Payment
Payment 1000
Accounting program
program

Motor Sports International 1449

1234 Main Street
New York, NY 10181 Date _______________

Pay to: ________________________________________

________________________________________________________

_______________ _________________

Released 12930 39040 2020 20202 10923 1449

Invoice

PROCUREMENT INTEGRATION

MM

Purchase Order PP FI FI

Purchase Order

Goods Receipt

Invoice Verification

Invoice

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TOPICS

Organizational and Master Data

Business Process for Procurement
Reporting and Analysis

REPORTING AND ANALYSIS

Standard Reporting provides List Displays (pre-

defined programs) by:
◦ Vendor
◦ Material
◦ Account assignment
◦ Material group
◦ Purchase order number
◦ Tracking number
General Analysis
Order Value Analysis
Inventory Transaction Analyses

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LOGISTICS INFORMATION SYSTEM (LIS)

The Logistics Information System (LIS) contains

several information systems such as:
Purchasing Information System
Inventory Controlling
Sales Information System
Shop Floor Information System
LIS extracts its data from the operative
applications; it offers many different views on
this information.

LOGISTICS INFORMATION SYSTEM (LIS)

The LIS exists for the entire logistics system in R/3
The LIS contains several information systems such as:
◦ Sales Information System
Inventory Controlling
◦ Purchasing Information System
Shop Floor Info System
The LIS extracts data from the operative applications;
offering it in many different views, the depth of which
is determined by the user.
Logistics
Information
Logistics Information Library Systems

Sales Purchasing Shop Floor Maintenance Quality Mgmt

Inventory
Information Information Information Information Information
Controlling
System System System System System

R/3 Logistics
Sales and Materials Production Plant Quality Processing
Distribution Management Planning Maintenance Management Systems
(SD) (MM) (PP) (PM) (QM)

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