por MODULE -& COMPATIBILITY CONDITIONS OR SAINT VENANTS STRAIN — COMPATIBILITY CONDITIONS Finding out Six Strain components from three oliaplace ment components is easy since i tnvdves ob ffeventualon o| thee quantiles (4 vand w ) to get Six umknoons - But th reverse opevalion , re funding “ out thee dusplacement components frm six stvain components (€x, €,€% beg, My ts Se > & Oy Vey ay aX Differentiabng Ex partially wrt yg twice and obfterenbal ey partally wrt x bine, we get Bren PM am Bey on Oy Ox dy* Ox ay ae Adding tu above tse equalins , we get 3 prén , 8, Pu + BE, ecw jer Oe x8" By ax aes J . 2 xy _ @ fae+@2) - aa = 3505 | Pa ™ 3x34rose wy plane is gien by 2 €2 o a ey a thy ay Be Oxy Srivilarly we cam write Ux 2-D tompabibilty equals for the other lwo planes also. Hence the 2-D compalibuity equations in the x-y , y-z amd 2-% planes ve spectively ave given as Sex , Mey _ Tay ay* ax Bxdy dey , Nee | Ihe az ‘Oy* Oy az Dez , Dex. I tex Ox 22" 829% COMPATIBILITY CONDITIONS IN TERMS OF STRESS 1 COMPATIBILITY CONDITION FOR PLANE STRESS The equilibrium equakens for plane stvess ave 2 , om 4 x -0 ———_O ou” By aty 2 ,y =0 eae = —_—____® ox ay DiHerentialing equation @O wrt x and equation ® wrt yg, we get Tou , PT , AX 20 © ox ax dy * aty | rs , 3% 20 ®@+@7 7 2X oy , FS 2% 26 oo OTe Qu Bx8y OK Oxy ay ay ie ety Sox _ Poy _ 9x _2Y 2494 Ox By ee OY > 2. L on Sty 1 foe , 7S , Ox dy © Ox 9y ax ay Ox +35 Now, we know for plane stress state w *Y plane Cy = HSS * z © -965 éy = 2% ® fey 2 TH = Boe Bs TG E Now, we know that compati busty condiben tn XY plane is Sex , ex 2 Oey oy" re Oxdy Substituting equations © ,@ and @ equation @, we get 64- VS 2 (G4-IE% + ae 7 ») eo) 3(=35) - se Ty ) 7 : ea oe ax a4 2 r 5. Cx-V6 z re 3G ) + 2 Gy-6%) _ ay) > seg ay Ox ma .. OG , 8% (2% Io) _ ve age +5a 7 y 4 ra). 2(i+v) oes 3° Try 1 os 2% 9) [2S + 35) —® 7 = Bon) dye axe LO 1 DY (+ d xEqualing equatims © and , we get a1 [oe , 2% , Ox, 3% = shy, [Bas Fe :fs- ‘aye ex" By 2049) | ag* 3 aS : So TH _ 9d soy x 2 ala %, 2G 98h _y OG , THR dy aX DY ay Oe ox Oy Ot 7 Bye xy 4 0 TSx 2924, 9x svt 20 ras 9 oxt yr d Some terms get cancelled from the above equation: Aftey some vearvangement , we can write Gu above equation as a 2 ao ox ) 4 . aH, a e ee + at OS 4 (49) +(i+9) Sy =O 2 2 ox , 3%) (EB) oo + GOES be on yeeeg) = GOB) a8 The above eq wakion is Ga stress com pals bility equation for plane stress Slate. In case Oe bods forces ave constant or absent, then the compatibility equatin for plane stvess reduces ta ® v’ (+6) 2: COMPATIBILITY CONDITION FOR PLANE STRAIN “Be: equi brum equations in two dimensions 4 quen. by Be 4, OR YY 20 ———__ Ou By My 25 ,Y 29 ————_@* Ox eyDifferentraling equatim @ wrt ~« and equation @ wore yo, we get Wo The OX _ “@ de | Bidy * Ox 7° © aty _ soy | BY Buby dye * By ~° © @+@> Fe ,IW vx Sty BH ay Oe" Bxdy ~ Bx * SuBy * By * oy 2 be «2 2 by , Vo Dey ax , 3Y 9x94 Oxt " Byt Bx Oy =0 2 or, Fy La (2s: PH LOK 5BY @ Ox By ZU Bxr Bye Be 7 8g Foy plane stran stat , we have Gy 2 SAIMY-IR_ E Oy -V6x- 9 6z €y = lg oN Oe? J = . Gy _ 24+9) _ s tay = = ty For plane strain problms straim along z-dieckon bw zero ie oe Oz - VOX -IG, Gg. RUE Sn Zz E oO €, -VHR- Wy =o ov be = VCH +5)Substitu bing the value 4 €2 from equation @) in equations @® and and @) , we mt z Seino 164) —_—& ey = at-afilue)) _ G95 - 14H) 5 E E € 4 2 oy airy a Se . 2O) Gy _____¢ Now, we know that com pati bility equation iw the xy plane is 2 Vex Dey _ Bey Bye toe 7 axdy & Substila tong ati @, ean @® wv equation &) , 3PM ay 2 ae “8x84 bre eva-Heva), 3 fy-96%- Gog) = 2fys) 25 . 2 a ee ee 5% _ Sats _ stat Sas Oy Bq ay ou Bye Bye ae Va a2 UG = ary) 2 ae Ox 84 ov 1 |i} os. +09 a) BS 9 2 59S 9 Fey _ 335 2 G49) [ ae Bx Px* ge 4) = a xy = —_—§i) Ox OyEquating equations @) and @) , we get x » - 38 ae TG, ie [i VY) at 1) FE GY) FS - 3609) or = -t Fe FG 2X , ay ~ On Op Ou aa 2 2 a 1-9) 86 G9) PH _y BHR DIG (-¥) Bye +(-7) at y B& _y IG dx* Bye 2 | oe , 2% ,ax , ay “Ox? dye Ox OG be (a9) F569) PH 59) MH 4 Gv) MH oe By 3x 3y : Se 4 2Y - anes + gon [te tg Beg). - Ba] oe Eg)en ie v * (645) = tn (Ey )—O ov The above equakon is “the stress compal bulk, Qm care Hu body Foues condilion for plan strain - : ave eomlant or absent , thn compakbuity condibin for plane strain reduces to Vv (6+) =0AIRY'S STRESS FUNCTION The Solutio of 2-D problems chvolves the Onleg vation og diffeventad equations 4 equulibriam together with the bounclary conditions and compatiblity conditions The usual method of solving a 2-D problem by intvoduing a function which is capable of solving all parametevs associated with the system. This fanction is called a5 stress Function - : Theve ave many stress Functions - Ma move accurate the stress funchon is , the more complex it becomes: Avy’ stvess function ts one of th stress functons with considerable amount of accuracy and lessey complaxites associated - Aury's Stress functon ga defined such that: - 2 Of . %-V 2a 2 a6 - oy-Vv ax 2 and - SS, = Try where The body fore poten bad function V uw defined im suck a way that the negative devivatve of it went any diiectan will give the body force component per unit volume along thet chvection » TRus vw te body force potental function - - av x Ox and -av -¥ OyAIRY'S STRESS FUNCTION APPLIED TO EQUILIBRIUM EQUATIONS The equilibrium equations in 2-D ave giren by ao , Tx yx 20 oe ay + * Otay 28) .Y =0 ax }y Substituting for X= “QL and Y= “% , we get Ou , ATyx _ av - =O Ox By Ox Baty , 2% BY =0 ca oy 8p be Oey) , 9TH Lo es Be ay ‘ aT yx + 2&0 =o Ox Substituting for (6«-v)= Bh ©-v) = and 2 Tyr = 7 Oo ia the above recess we get Buby a % as) , 2C84) ., 33) oC + *Ge) =o ie ' oe =0 ie 2 Bx 2y* Bx9g* 3 3 -Bd , Ob 20> ax*dg Bxt8y thus from te above tivo equalions | we tam See Chat Avry's stress functon satisfies the egulibriam equations -AIRY'S STRESS FUNCTION APPLIED To PLANE STRESS The stvess com pat buity conditim for plane stress is eo : ~ (49) (BE + BY ave oe $ av + @ =) (2 $ +v) = eo v) Gi 2. +2) (28+ ven) 9) (BK + x) fe he (3 oo (Z°3 at.) (eh) one (#8: 4oy) +a(oy ee Ss, 4. 4 ie 3 a + a few- “e (s+ 7 (% 7 +25 a ayt p= 2] Ox av , av ie vig = oe) (& +2) ce ote ev SL og This equation represents the “ompatbilt equation for plane stress in terms of Aivys stress funckon - Jn case of body foxes are constant. ov body fortes 12% ote 8x ay™ “Bayt ave absent , then vig =0- The above equation ik known as the bihaymonic e4 uation .AIRY'S STRESS FUNCTION APPLIED TO PLANE STRAIN The compat bulcty condition for ue strain re ei no) te ‘ a) (6+%) i) oe ery ey BB Se)- ae) a) ae © ax ay x (28 os) (2: Se ay. av be +3) ax" oe +2) fa) Got uy age ats 2 te , at Gz . me) e {ss +8 Shag Og +2 5 oy i Sut Bye 4 4 4 pe [tg 4 2 ty fechas (24+% + ( aye B94 ¢ Ss ] ax? i 4 i fa? 2 te _ 7 itayv av, av vie = Ae (+ “oy - (i-a¥) av) fav oy , 4 be vg = “Tey Ox (By? This equation vepresents the compat buity equation for plane styain in levms of Aivy’s 8 stress function - Jn case of body foxes are constant o1 body forces are absent , then v9 The above equation ts known as the biharmonte equation: From the above discussions , we See that if body foxes ave constant or absent, the solution for a 2-D elastiaty problem, whether plane stress o+ plane stvain, reduces to a problem of finding Arry’s stvess funchon B, which satisfies the compatibuld condilin tg =0 because Arys stress funckn salisties the eqrulibram equations - Once we get th stressfunction , we can find out the stresses which sabisty the gwen boundary conditions » SOLUTION BY POLYNOMIALS When bedy foxes ave constant or absent, ther the compat bility condition in terms of Avyy’s stress function is ate , ote, ate But Durdyr = Bt =O: For a 2-D problem in the %-4 plane , a Function ¢ (49) which -sahisty the above equation vepresents x the solutan ~ Taking polynomials of different degrees em cand 4 and = ad usting thir w-effiwents | a number of prac tually Umportant paoblems can be solved: Some geneval canes ave, given below POLYNOMIAL OF FIRST DEGREE Let 9, = ax tebry . For g, te vepresent 4 solulim for 4 aD elastiaty problem , iE must sakgty thy biharmonte equation « ve vig, = 0 ag 2 a, Ox ate . 8h. OH =o “Out ~ 8x3 Out ad bi 84 2g, _ OH . 46 26 Dy / Bye ‘yt oo . > ath Ox™ axrag* 7Hence we find that th given Stress function ¢,. saksty ta biharmonic equation at tb, ate, _ ax4 aitay Byt The wrverponding Stresses are given by = 2H 26 dy* oO ao o 38x _- 2b Lo My Buy Hence we. see, that tu first clegree polynomial. veprsent a stress free body - . POLYNOMIAL GF SECOND DEGREE let gg = Saale ba ny +S gt For g, lt vepresent the Solaten for a 2-D elastt problem, it must sais ty the biharmonie equation te vig, must be zero: Ob. . arx+ bry Ou 3 4 eb a, 2 on a =0 Ox> axay Bxt 94 ad , Oh Zo ax? Out Bh 2 ba POYHence we find that the given stress funclon g, saksty the btharmome equation a oh , 2 hh 4 Ot = Oat * aero dy The covrenponding Stresses are given by = Oh La By* 62 TH 2 a, ax -3 2 —b de Oxy > Thus we see that ox, 6y and Tay do not depend upon Ue co-ordinates x andy. Hence: the. send clegvee polynomial represents a stab. A. uniform uo perpencstalar devechins tensions or compressions in accompanied with umform shear. We tan, show the Stresses by tonsidenny a rectangular Lamina as shown below [ttt {1 — }—> cH “h Lt, - ‘ b+} « ¢ > Ls € th > 4 s a ; PPA| POLYNOMIAL OF THIRD DEGREE d3 43 6 For $3 tf vepresent the solution for a 2-D elastuly problem , it rust salisty th biharmome equation . , 4 be VO; must be equal b zevo- 3 a3 ,? Cs y? oes = Brv4 bsry+ Sy aos = a,x + b3y Ox 4 ops -b 2 abs 20 ax ey Bx" dg" ax} ates 20 out of 5 baat ty + $y d 2 993 2 cyxt+dsy dy* a's. ds By? atts 5 oy* Henee we find that the given stress fumelion atte, 9 2h 42h. g3 satisfies the bthavmonte equation oats ora ayied a v ~ 2 Ox = cee = Cgx+day eg oy = O43 2 azsx+ bay ax* Tay = 7 Sos 2 bax tCsy Ox dy From the above “gtvess components, we See that the Hurd degvee polynomial vepresents a lear . 4d 3 P varying Styess Field - he stress function $5 satisfies the br harmonic equatis wv ds =0 irvespe tive” “of Ha values of A3, bs, Cs and ds. If a3= bs = C3 =0 and dz #0, we get Che gtress components as x= d3¥ oy = 0 Tay = “he above stvess components corresponds f& pure bending Of 2% beam about an axin perpendicular tb th 2% axis: a yeh, Now, Oxi = —dgh (compressive) At ye th . = dah (tensile ) sthe variation 4) Gz with®*y & lmay and th vavialin i as Shown below -th 4 +dsh +d3h +d3h K-——— _—_—__ eee vy | POLYNOMIAL OF F TH DEGREE 4 = Gh yt y be Py g Ce tur, da 3, Oe Let f= he Eg Syl aye hy 3 Of, _ aa 3, be ays Cary + Sy Ox 2 obs Ag + DA Ky HCAS ou Bb4 = 2a,rx+ bAY ax? BAO © 2 as aut 0 by 3 bey Cary s Magis Sy By a Be. cyte dang +203" By” he . daxt Read By? Ot be = Ree By* Oe. tye Bx" By*For $4 to ‘vepvesent a solution for a 3-D elastiuly problem , iE must salisfy th btharmonte equation - . rs A 4 ve Ob 2 os 4 FG must be equal t zero: , Oxt aday” ay* be Dn + 2x 24 + FC =O ie Re, " - (2044404) on ene - Qa+2Ce) Substilating th value J €, from th above equation im the expression for G4 , we get ~ On AL ba 3 Ca 2,2, dey 3_ (ataca) 4 fy = Beate be ys Bae Haye C = a This expression for Py will satisty the bihacino me equal: a 2 Now Sx oe = Cy ha dgny - C4420).97 2 Oy = Ops 3 oe ~- 3h = fb dy 2 By a = fa tszcnys ta) agar dary + Ca y* w Now, if a= baz Ca7O and dato, we get Oh stress components 25 Oxi = d4%9 Syn 0 " Tay = 7 ot y* The above stvess components can be shown by consideving small vectangulay lamina ta Che ay plane ar shoon below -ee eee ed eyed = +dabh L ———- Tag = ~ deh vy POLYNOMIAL OF FIFTH DEGREE Lek = SE wis Meaty So ntghy dE yh Co ah beg O¢5 _ a bs 3 + 3 Sw, aa as. ah PE Bye SE alyts A aye O8 g" 2 2 Cte = ag x24 bs xy + C5 XY +ds 3 3 a? os = Bas x + 2 bs xyt oy ax? Oe gagn tabsy But Oos _ bs ahs Saxby + B lyre os xy?+ & yf ay 1 aos _ ls ads wy + es 1g fs? By? 3 2745 SS de xr4 2es ty +3fsy” ay? Obs _ pes xtbfsy Oyt ot gs S 2C5x+2d54 aayFor gs t vepresent a solutim foy a 2-D elast uly problem , it must satisty the biharmonic equabim « te atts , 2 ates , atts must be equal bo zero- Oxt Bxag ag* te (bas x+2bsy)+2(2Gx+2d5y)+REx+ bey) =o ne bare 2bsy tr AlsxrAdsy +2epx+btsy =0 be (bas+ 40s +26) + y Abst 4dstbts) = 0° For amy x and y te sabis fy th above equation , 6 as +465+2b, =0 and 2bst4dstbts =o ie 2e;: ~ (bas+46) bfs = -(Rbs+4ds) be es = 7 G%426) fee - = ; Subs tbating th valus of 5 and fs from above tn th expression for bs, we get as : 6 3 A > Sox 5, 8 ty Ba Ba iy Gre26s) gt Gerad) § This expression for Ps will salisty the biharmonie equation - 2 Now Oy = hs = & x ds xy -(34s +2l5) ay - Gssade sy 4 - Obs _ 3 My 4 Cg xyt 4 AS 3 Oy = SE = ag x's bs xy + Cory +33 ax? 2 Ty 2895 T/ bs. mace xy ads ay = Gass 264) i] Oxdy 3 Now , jf Q5= bs = Cs =O and ds #0, un we get te stress components asOx = ds x'y - Beds y°, = ds (ey- SS ) . ds .3 Cue cal Tay = “ds xy? Taking ds as positive | we can vepresent the above stvess components considering a vec tangulay lamina as shown below. (a) Novmal _styess distribution AL y= th, te at te bop and bottom surdaces , the stresses Gy= + gs > ave uniformly olistri buted . AL x=0 ie at te [ete fae, On = ~2ds 43. whuh i 3 means that th stvess distribuben folloos a cubtea law. At w=L , ie at Ua right face, = dst'y - 2ds 4? 3 tohich means that th navmal stvess consists of two parts ‘- one following a. Lemay law and th othey following a cubteal law. og - 3s h? (compressive) lllldl. ox = ds (2 kh) wh th WITT TIT G = FEA? (tensile) CCS J Ox: ds (Ch- a *)ws Dneay SlItS> Gistiounon AL y= th , ve at th top and boltom faces of th te shear stvess is propostional & x which beam , follows a lear law: means that shear stvess Bad at x= 1, the alstribubin of shear stress is proportional t y™ whih means that Ge Shear stress obotribubioni2 parabolic in nalare . thease At x=0 dee at Gu left face, Cure & no shear stvess acling -BENDING OF A CANTILEV: WITH AN END Lo. =o, Set Considey a cantilever of length "L’ subjected to a point load 'p’ at its free end as shown in figure - he co-ordinate duvechons are as Shown - Let th thickness of the beam is unity whch is small velahve & Ee depth ‘2h of the beam. Then the problem can be considered as 4 plane Stvess problm in the XY plane: Consider a cross section at a duatane x from the free end. The bending ‘moment a this cross: seclon i Me PPh ov bending moment is psopor Gonal - te. x Now from th flexure formula M. Sx we have I gy ? Ox = Mey where yo th distance t from the ruutral axis- Sine bending moment Mo proporlonal & %, From th. above equation , we see that Ox vw psoportimal & xy ovr we tan writevar} where bi bs propor tionality constant - But we know tht 24 2 om = biry aye Inntig-rabing th. above eq uation one werty, we get Oo 2 be ays Ai) ey 5 where fi & 4 fanclon gx alone - jDnteg rating once again wrt Y , We get p= b ay ge file) + GO ——_——_® wheve £2) in another fancion § % alone: Lameticn to represent the Solution Foy the above stress it must 4 cantilever subjected & 4 point: load , sahsty the compatibuliky condibinn v'¢ =O: O¢ . by? Qtiw , dhe px 6 OTT a Oe Bo _ yy PAW, 2 fie) | Ox Ox? ax Be — 4, PAW, PAG axe ax3 ane oe. y Baw, ath @) Ox* axt Out a = be xyt+ A &) > at = bxXy BI - bir @q3 ata34 Bfw® , 3.00 ao 2 by ox 6 Utd Sy * Ox oe ly FAG , Pe) ax Bxt Ox ao _ She axtay Bx ae 20 ax*dy* Now for 6 & be a sétubiom oy thy gree 2D psoblun ate ato, ate OG 4,228 428 . OxA Bray" oye amust be equal b& 2e70 bey aha , hw 2 Ox* ax The Fist erm 6} the above equation contain % and y terms , but th second term 4 te above equation covtains ovly x terms. For any x and 4 , for th above equation b sahisty , each term 4 ta above equation must be equal to 2er0- be S*f@ 5 and Off Ox* But Woo FG) and fr @) tan be obtamed by intag raling Ha above two equalions a PFO _ by TAR _ by a ax3 oo eR 2 DG) . bir b3 BAG) _ by xe br xt ex 3 2 BAW) _ be ty by tt ba BAO . bes by x+ bs ax EB ax f2.@) = be x’ br ate be x+ be 3 £1&) = bat ee baxt bs 4where bo, ba, ba, bs, be, br, bs and ba ave constants of tateg vation Substituting the values of £14) and f2@) fiom above tn equation @ , we get th stress Function g= b xy? + g [be xs Bs bane bs) + + [beet ut bray box + ta] Now, the above stress funclim will salisty ta bihaymonic equation vig =0- The stress components are = re = bry _ oy - FH g (ba x4 b2) + (be a+ b) ———® Ox .736 2 2 Tay = st = fp ge tg oe boxe hs) —__—_8 Qmorder to determine the constants by, bz, b3 ete , we have be apply the boundary condilims » Heve, Che boundary concilios “are Boundayy conditions 1. Since the top and bottom surfaces ave mot loaded along they clivection (3 yee =o ———_——— © a. Since the top and _bottore surfaces are not loaded along te davection (Zs gern * =o ® 3. Consider a Small strip of thickness ‘dy at a cistame ‘y dom ths meutral axis: The area 4 tu small strip is Indy: Let Txy be the shear stress on this stup wohzh » of the Left face- Then shear force acting on ta small strip & Try dy: Now th met shear force acting on th left fare must be equal b th applied load- ThatJ Try dy = -P ch The eg alive sign adopted for sheav fore - Applying Che boun dary h (br x* bs) + (be x+ bi) =0 land ch (bax + ba) + (bex +b) ako O+@ > 2 (be w+ br) =O © by x4 61 = O° sabisty th above equation , both be and © dus fb th usual sign tonventions condition @ in equation ®, ———® ——0 ee For any % to br must be equal b zero: bys b1 = O° Subs Wluting tha values of b box +b3 = “hy sabisty fu above 4 ie and br in equation ©, we get For amy atten, both ba and bs wnust be equal bp zero ba = 63 =O" ve Therefore we have ba = ba= be br =O Substituting the values of bx, b3,be and bt me (gs) ———? ® in Ue above equation ®, ©, in equaten @, Applying boundary condation | 2 - (ts hot ba) =O re ee pr 4 ba 29 2 - bh z ov ba = Subslita ting for b4 from equation ® in equation ® we getTay = (se - BP) Te Ty . ey (= ¥) @ Applying the expression for Tay from the above equalin © in th boundary condition ©, we get th br frat) dy = Po | b (est) 49 P ae +h ive bt nye] = TP 2 3 -h by fo. h2) - Fes &)| = 7 re 2 [@-8) (Re ) P bi (2) -2n ~ -P e bi [fab )_ > fe (8). ) we bt ar = 7?P a) _ 73 b= a8 ® Now sub stating th, values of corettiuents From equation and @ im equatims @, ® and ner we get Ou = T3P oxy BhF 6 = 0 3 4 23h fie eo = an (« *) a h Now the vnee of inertia N A area. 4 c1055 section of che cankilaver beam about th neutval Gh), 2h, a6 o = Te Ta 3Therefore we can wrile as Phx T 4 sy = 0 ee tye (n- 4°) These stresses ave as Shown below - Pp o% Ty -h |__| +2 x ee —_____..BENDING OF SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM BY UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD Lt Ym Ra= 4b Rez 9h Consider a rectangular beam of thickness unity , depth "2k and length “2i. “acted pon by uniformly distributed load of tntewsity 'q and simply supported at ifs ends as shown in Figure - Since the thickness of the beam is Small as compaved to the depth of the beam, the problem can be regarded as a plane stvess problm: We know that bending moment is maximum at pid cross-section of the beam, te when % =0- A 8 : : Lo The bending moment = decreares with x when we move either towards posuive x divechion o¥ negative x direction and the bencling moment & zero at both ends of te beam. Thin io Eu Cave when the sess Funclr| | contains even function of x- Consider the second degree polynomial with bz =C.=0 ve fe > By —_________0 Since the beam is loaded with uniformly distributed load of intensity ‘¢ at ye ch C top surface) and sine it is mot leaded at ys th ( bottom surface), we can'® see that 6y varies from zero at yo +h b ~4(ompesin) ab ye ch. This is the case when the stress function contains odd funchon of y- Consider te 37 olegree polynomial with a3=¢3=0 tee gs 2 Baty By? © Consider th 5% degree polynomial with as = bs=Cs =0 he ds = a eye ds. ¥ 6) Therefore the veywied stress funclin $= $6, + Ps tbs ie f= Boe Bays Byes ds vy. dey —® z Once we get th stress function, we can find the stress Components as a ox = ma = dsy4ds vy - 2 ds 9 te OK ds y + ds (xy - 29°) —_—_—_® in 3 6-H 2 aby Sy Ty 2 288 _ -bgx- ds xy axdy qeFor the given problem follows Boundary conditions I AL th top amd bottom surfaces, theve is no sheay loading . There fore the boundary conditions ave as (Ts )yeay = ® Since the top surface is loaded bya uniformly distributed load of tatensity 4, and since Huckness ts unity = -4 (compressive) ——_(*) Since the bottom surdau is not loaded along y direction, (65) y- +h =o © 3 Consider a Small element at te left hand face ov ight hand face of thickness ‘dy? at a distance 'y drom th reatval ax. The oven of Ha small strip jxdy. Let O% be He normal stress owe this stup <= then tn total normal force ackng on this strip 5 Gia tedys Moo he moment of this normal force howd Ha vneutval axis is 6x ayy » Looking at the bending moment olagram , we see that Gu bending moment. a Gu left face and al te right faite © Cen zero: There fore th ho =o —_—__——_®.. “hkApplying the boundary condition @ in equatim@ , we get _bgt- ds xh” =o ive aa (b3+ ds we) =0 ov ba- -dsh Applying the boundary conditions ® and © ™ equatin ©, we get a,- bh - SER = 4 © as + bah + 45h? = 0 @+@ 7 aa-= -4 a o g fs 3 ds 3) = ——_—_____# Q-@ > a (beh +2 4°) 4 Substituting the value of ba from equation @ in He above equalin @ , we get 2 [ods ne eH] ~4 2 [2a] =4 3) ov 4s = 34 —________® Substituting he value 4 ds from equation @ in equalin®, we get : = 7/34 \ch b= -(Z) by b3 3h 0Applying the boundary condition @ in equation © , we get th [ fesraey-av)] oa? -h th ve] [asyte de '¥- $a4)] oy 20 wh . y +h be [a4 (5 '-3,9)] =0 hk ie [ds,? 2 ds ~eh -ae )) 7 [see a + 4s(ER ae) - [ees as(4h. 28 )I-0 is d3 Lh? abs Qh - a 2 [s ha ds -2) =0 is he _ ah ) =o ise da wa ds pe. ) 0 be _ -3ds vw ans , ee) Substituting the value of ds from equation @ equation ®, ve get = 734734 ak d3 ae > (uv ) » 2p i a = 2803") Substituting ty values equations ®,®, @ and @ respectively ©, © awd @, we get Ox of 2, ds, b3 and d3 from m 4 uahions 2% ary 3 Wy - 233)be 8 = 3% (y- Bey eyed) 4h a oy - Th 4 3h 41, 73% (3 J s hae s a3 4 uC Oo - ht 34 1, 34, 3 = z +a 4 3 and ie o, = 34 ~2h? Rye a Ab? 3 3 ay 3 3 2 3h y (34) ay? ty (CG) ve Try = 24 (- be axa") ye ty ¢ 34 (ay ) Now, the roment of inerlia af area gj cross section about the 1 mautral axis is given by T: xan)? . gh? 12 1Substituting the value 4 I from equation Gd) i equations @, and @, we get the stress components an ox = £ lea 2 * £(e-#-)-42] So a = (vs -8) ———® The clstvibulim — of compressive stess OY along the depth of the beam is as Shown above:EXAMPLE -4 Check whether the styain components are compatible — ot not - €x = Awy , Eye Ayx and way = Agntlay SOLUTION 2x 2 ave and BEX 20 29 ag* aey ay and aey | ox ae 0 Otay 2 Zh oa 24 a x Ox gy tesry and a = 84y+28% Now for compakbucky dex , HE ate , P Ven , Bey _ 2 a yt xt HY rel o +0 = By +28 x Le By = 28% oy 4 F -ixw are not compakble fb be compals bl. be sakisfied : Thevefore the given strain component as such: For Cu qovew strain components the above velabon between and y mast EXAMPLE -& A cantilever bear depth 003 ™ and of 2000Nn at ifs free end of rectang ulat cvoss-section, having unit thickness. , length 0-37 1s subjected to a point load as shown in figure Find the stress components at a pornt in the beam = which is at a duolance sy 0-5 mm from the free end and 0-004m above the bottom surdace »P=2000N } | + 4 SOLUTION -?P We knoo that Ox-= 5 "5 oy 7° _P (ry) Ty 7 2 Here cr this problem P = 2000 N h- 0:03 2 0-015 m 2 L = o3™ I = BW = 2 .@-015), = 8e moe ont rs 3 x = O15 ™ Y = 0-015 - 0-004 = O-0llm 6 ~ R000, 9.45 20-01 = ~ 15 x10 X. Compressive 22410 ° 7 Ox = Oy = 0° 4 Cou = = 2000 6-015 oot) = 7 4:7873410" Nog? y 2x2-2x10°ey EXAMPLE -3 Check whuther th fmetin p> ACeLy). i ans Ang stress function or not » Show th stress distribution if it Is am Airy’s stress funchen ° SOLUTION For g ft be an Any’s stress functien , it aust sabsty the biharmonte equation. ie 89,30 op _ Bx4 ~ avag “ay4 o% . Bax. Oo 2 -BAy Fe _ Ox By ax'ay oo 2 bax Be 2A ate Ox* By* =, 70 3 ; ‘ xt ay ao _ 6A ao ate ax oa) ann 3 2g ate 26 axt Thus we see that tu biharmone equation is sabstied and hence the gwen funchen is an Arrys stress Fancdion - Noo Gx = ao -2A 2 x Byte * -0¢ © 4 and Ty: 2 = O oy: BE = bax xq Ox> the stress distrrbubim is a5 Shown below- Heve ve jconsidey thal A is positive x= -2A Ou= -2A 8y = bar (tensile)