Harmonic motion

Simple harmonic motion(SHM)​ refers to a certain kind of oscillatory, or wave like motion that
describes the behavior of many physical phenomena:
● A pendulum
● A bob attached to a spring
● Low amplitude waves in air (sound), water, the ground
● The electromagnetic field of laser light
● Vibration of a plucked guitar string
● The electric current of most AC power supplies

When a mass is undergoing a motion where acceleration is directly proportional to the

displacement and acts in opposite direction

V= x​0​⍵

Max displacement= amplitude = x​0​ =

Harmonic motion

a reduction in the amplitude of an oscillation as a result of energy being drained from the system
to overcome frictional or other resistive forces.

Decrease of amplitude due to loss of energy due to opposing force.

Harmonic motion

Light damping:
Time period is constant
Amplitude decreases by same amount each time(exponential decay)
Heavy damping:
no oscillations take place, takes a huge amount of time to return to equilibrium.
Critical damping:
Returns to equilibrium in the shortest possible time
No oscillation takes place

Frequency does not change

Harmonic motion

Resonance
Natural frequency is equal to the frequency of the driver( applied frequency)
Amplitude is maximum
Absorbs the greatest possible energy from the driver.
Harmonic motion

Forced frequency​ is the frequency at which object is made to oscillate.

Natural frequency​ is the frequency at which object is free to oscillate.
Resonance​ is when natural frequency is equal to applied frequency and amplitude is
maximum

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