Heat, Temperature and thermodynamics

Thermal equilibrium: when two objects that touch do not exchange any
heat energy further, the come to the same level.

Thermometers measure change of heat energy not amount of heat energy

Absolute scale of temperature starts at 0, does not depend upon property

of substance

Internal Energy

Internal energy is determined by the state of the system and can be expressed as the sum of a
random distribution of kinetic and potential energies associated with the molecules of the
system

The first Law of Thermodynamics:

The increase in internal energy of a system is equal to the sum of the thermal energy added to
the system and the work done on it.

ΔU = q + w

ΔU= change in internal energy

q= heat energy given to the system
w= work done on the system

If V increases , work done decreases

If V decreases, Work done increases
I) state the change in energy when internal energy goes from ABCA:
Ans) no change of I.E, starting and finishing point of gas is same.

q=0 W = 480 u= 480

q= -1100 w= 0 u= -1100
q=