e462 15th ICID Abstracts / International Journal of Infectious Diseases 16S (2012) e317–e473
Type: Poster Presentation
Final Abstract Number: 57.031
Session: Zoonoses & Infections in Animals
Date: Saturday, June 16, 2012
Time: 12:45-14:15
Room: Poster & Exhibition Area
Molecular characterization of emerging multi-drug resistant
Escherichia coli isolates of swine from Northeast India
R. Sanjukta ∗ , R.K. Mandakini Devi, A. Ahuja, A. Sen, I. Shakuntala,
S. Ghatak, Z.B. Dubal, A.K. Puro, S.V. Ngachan
Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) Research Complex for
Northeastern Hill Region, Ribhoi, Meghalaya, India
Background: In India, trends of antibiotic resistance from ani-
mal source are largely confined to phenotypic listing of resistant
antibiotics. Thus, considering the lack of comprehensive study, the
present study aims to undertake molecular characterization of MDR
faecal Escherichia coli from pigs raised on intensive farms of North-
east India, a region needing special attention due to sharing of
international borders with the South East Asian countries.
Methods: We analysed 125 faecal samples from apparently
healthy swine of four farms located in Northeast India. Antibiotic
sensitivity against 9 groups of antibiotics (25 agents) and ESBL iden-
tification were undertaken. MDR genes (blaTEM, blaCTX-M, blaSHV,
blaOXA, aac, aadA, cat, sul1, sul2, strA, tetA, tetB) were further typed
by PCR using specific primers. Plasmid profiling, RFLP, transconju-
gation/transformation, RAPD were done. All the techniques were
carried out according to previously described protocols with minor
variations.
Results: 90% (113) of the isolates were MDR with 26 resistance
patterns. Out of 125 isolates, 42 were ESBL suspected and 40 iso-
lates possess single sized to multiple plasmids. There was high
frequency of ESBL-positive isolates in a single farm (n = 42, 36 posi-
tive – 85.7%). Overall blaTEM was the commonest genotype (85.7%),
blaCTX-M (61.9%), blaOXA(17%) and blaSHV was absent. One or
multiple resistance genes were detected; sul2 (100%), strA (95.2%),
tetA (92.9%), sul1 (76%), aadA (71.4%) and tetB (50%) followed by
cat (42.9%) and aac (26.2%), all were likely plasmid-encoded and
transmissible. RFLP and RAPD results gave a very diverse and het-
erogeneous nature of the isolates.
Conclusion: This study is the first report of molecular charac-
terization of MDR E. coli isolates from swine in Northeast India and
highlights the alarming prevalence of MDR E. coli isolates in faeces
of apparently healthy pigs on study farms. In Northeastern India,
keeping view of the border proximity and existing trade, the prob-
ability of rapid spread of such emerging pathogens of public health
significance is much higher. Lastly, surveillance of antibiotic resis-
tance and antibiotics use in livestock farming in India is an urgent
need.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2012.05.666
Type: Poster Presentation
Final Abstract Number: 57.032
Session: Zoonoses & Infections in Animals
Date: Saturday, June 16, 2012
Time: 12:45-14:15
Room: Poster & Exhibition Area
A study on prophylactic doxycycline to reduce the incidence of
leptospirosis among paddy field farmers in a coastal district of
India
B. Shivaraj 1,∗ , R. Ts 1 , B.Y. Anithraj 2 , R. Bayari 3
1 BANGALORE MEDICAL COLLEGE AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE, Banga-
lore, Karnataka, India
2 Primary heath centre, Udupi, Karnataka, India
3 District health officer, Udupi, Karnataka, India
Background: The coastal districts of India report outbreaks
of Leptospirosis especially during the paddy harvesting period
towards the end of monsoon, when there is increased chances of
contact with infected urine of rats. During the past two years, our
study area has had more than 25 leptospirosis hospital admissions,
among which 5 died. This set a priority for an immediate interven-
tion.
Methods: The objectives were to study the usefulness of pro-
phylactic doxycycline in reducing the incidence of leptospirosis and
to assess the effectiveness of Information Education Communica-
tion (IEC) activities in reduction of leptospirosis among paddy field
farmers.
Study design: Randomised controled trial
Study duration: 1stOctober–30thDecember 2011.
Study setting: Areas under Primary Health Centre-Kumbhashi,
Udupi District, Karnataka State, India
Study sample: All paddy field farmers working & residing in
study area following their consent (N = 1371)
Test & control groups were chosen randomly. The test group
received: 1) Prophylactic Cap.Doxycycline 200mg weekly once, for
5 weeks; 2) IEC activity. The control group received none. Follow
up survey of fever cases & drug side effects, was conducted every
week by health workers among both groups. Clinical examination
and laboratory investigation for leptospirosis was carried out for all
fever cases. Presumptive diagnosis of leptospirosis was made using
modified Faine’s criteria.
Results: The study population test & control groups had 732
and 639 subjects respectively. Incidence of leptospirosis was nil &
7.29% among the test & control groups respectively. This difference
was statistically significant (p = 0.0167). 1.07% of test population
reported adverse effects of Doxycycline.
Conclusion: The study met our objective of controlling the inci-
dence of leptospirosis with chemoprophylaxis with doxycycline
and IEC activity. These preventive measures can be implemented
in the control of leptospirosis which would help in reducing both
morbidity and economic burden.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2012.05.667