Question – 1:

Since it is a voltage divider circuit, the input voltage gets attenuated at the
output.
Question – 2:
1. When input time period >> Time constant (RC) for increasing edge rates
i.e rise and fall times. For each edge rate, initial and final 5-6 time periods
simulation results are noted.
Here R = 1K and C = 100p. Hence time constant is 100ns. The time period
is set at 10ms.
The number of cycles is set at 100.
A.
Initial 5-6 time periods:
Last 5-6 time periods (final):

B.

Initial 5-6 time periods:

Last 5-6 time periods (final):

C.

Initial 5-6 time periods:

Last 5-6 time periods (final):

D.
Initial 5-6 time periods:
 Final 5-6 time periods:

E.
Initial 5-6 time periods:
 Final 5-6 time periods:

Observation:
For these cases, the time period value is very large compared to time constant.
Hence, for output capacitor, the exponential increasing charging curve is
transformed into step rise curve and exponential decreasing discharging curve is
transformed into step fall curve.
2. When input time period << time constant (RC) for varying edge rates (i.e)
rise and fall time. Here R = 1k and C = 5u. Hence time constant is 5ms.
The time period is set at 50ns.
A.
 Initial 5-6 time periods:

Final 5-6 time periods:

When the edge rate is 3 times the time constant, the on-time becomes
negative. Hence not possible
Eg. Tr = Tf = 15ms
Ideally, Ton = (Tp/2) - (Tr/2) -(Tf/2) = 50n – 15m = -ve value

Hence, other cases are also not possible.

B. When Time period is 10 ps and time constant is 100ns:

 Initial 5-6 time periods:

Final 5-6 time periods:

C. When time period is 10ps and time constant is 1us:

Initial 5-6 time periods:
 Final 5-6 time periods:

D. When time period is 10ps and time constant is 10us

Initial 5-6 time periods:
 Final 5-6 time periods:

E. When time period is 10ps and time constant is 100us

Initial 5-6 time periods:
 Final 5-6 time periods:

Observation:
For these cases, the time period value is very small compared to time constant.
Hence, for output capacitor, the exponential increasing charging curve is
transformed into linearly increasing curve with attenuation due to resistor
connected in series. The exponential decreasing discharging curve is
transformed into linearly decreasing curve with voltage due to voltage drop
across series resistor.
If the time period value is very very small compared to time constant. Hence, for
output capacitor, the exponential increasing charging curve and the exponential
decreasing discharging curve is transformed into zero voltage steady state curve
since (1 - e^(-t/RC)) term approaches zero for large time constant value Hence,
the output voltage Vo. (1 - e^(-t/RC)) stays at zero.
A. When time period is 10 ps and time constant is 1 ps
Initial 5-6 time period:

Final 5-6 time period:

B. When time period is 10 ps and time constant is 10 ps

Initial 5-6 time period:
 Final 5-6 time period:

C. When time period is 10 s and time constant is 50 ps:

Initial 5-6 time periods:
 Final 5-6 time periods:

D. When time period is 10ps and time constant is 100ps:

Initial 5-6 time period:
 Final 5-6 time period:

Observation:
When time period is slightly less than time constant, for output capacitor, the
exponential increasing charging curve is transformed into a linearly increasing
curve and the exponential decreasing discharging curve is transformed into
linearly decreasing curve for initial time periods. Once the capacitor is fully
charged, it discharges very slightly so that the output voltage changes very
slightly. At steady state, the output voltage is the difference between the
maximum input voltage and voltage drop across resistor.