pk nh aH ecg 3 abcdDECLARATION BY CANDIDATE ‘The research work embodied in the thesis titled “MARINE RESORT HOTEL” has been carried out by the undersigned as part of the undergraduate program in the Department of Architecture, School of Planning and Architecture, NewDelhi~110002, India under the supervision of Prof. DrARUNA RAMANI GROVER and Prof. SHIREESH MALPANI ‘The undersigned hereby declares that this is his original work and The information embodied in this thesis is original and it has ‘not been submitted in this or any other institution for the award of any degree or diploma, RAJESH KUPPILI ‘8/2105/2009 B. Arch V ‘School of Planning and Architecture, New DelhiCERTIFICATE ‘This thesis was carried out during the January ~May 2014, the tenth semester in the Department of Architecture. Thereafter, ‘based on the declaration by the candidate herein above, the thesis was placed in font ofthe External Jury held on 21+ and 22" May 2014. For this work the candidate was awarded the following marks: (On successful completion of the Bachelor of Architecture Course by the Candidate the undersigned hereby accepts the Thesis Report on behalf af the Department, so that it may be placed inthe Architecture Library (De Aruna Ramani Grover) Studio Director, Department of Architecture, Schoo! of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi - 110002ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ‘Many people contributed to this work in large and small ways. Foremost, am grateful to my Guides: Prof. Aruna Ramani Grover and Prof. Shiriesh Malpani for having faith in my ideas but also the vision to steer me away from distractions and toward my strengths. They taught ‘me how to use and refine my skils. | often did not see where they were guiding me untl| realized I had taken my own steps forward, The Insights and support of Prof Swaroop and Prof Wason were invaluable. It was a pleasure to spend time with such rch and expansive thinkers. am also extremely grateful for information and support provided by the NIDM and CRZ members. | would Ike to thank my Dad Mr.K.Suryanarayana Patnaik , Mom Rama Kumari and Brother Rakesh for their supportin all the possible ‘ways’ am particularly indebted to my fiends, who helped me in the study. 1am, of course, in deepest debt to the people who | interviewed and surveyed, Their honesty and willingness to share thelr experiences are what made this work Possible Finally, | would like to thank my family and friends for making ths not only possible, but fun as wel. | feel this is a great ‘opportunity to contribute myself for a research like this, Thanking You, Gh Rajesh KuppiCONTENT ‘SYNOPSIS vs vo os sai HINDI i ENGLISH CHAPTER-1 ‘THESIS INVESTIGATION 1.1. INTRODUCTION 1.2, NEED 1.3. THESIS PROPOSITION 14. SITE SELECTION ., CHAPTER-2 RESEARCH & CASE STUDIES soon TB 2.1. RESEARCH AREAS 38 2.1.1. AERODYNAMIC DESIGN 219 2.1.2. PARAMETRIC DESIGN 20-26 2.1.3. SUSTAINABLE STRATIGIES 27-33 2.1.4. CYCLONE RESISTANT ARCHITECTURE 30-38 2.2. CASESTUDIES. 39-73 2.2.1. PRIMARY vs 43952 2.2.2. SECONDARY 5268 2.2.3. CONCEPTUAL, 69-73 CHAPTER-3 THE PROGRAMME 7484 3.1, INTRODUCTION TO THE PROGRAMME 75 3.2. AREA PROGRAMME sn 76-77 3.3. OBSERVATIONS & UNDERSTANDINGS 78-80 3.4, INFERANCES A184 CHAPTER-4 ‘THE SITE 95.98 4.1. CITY HISTORY 26-87 4.2. SITE STUDY. 88.93 4.3, SITE PHOTOGRAPHS & DRAWINGS......94-98 CHAPTER-S, INFERANCES, o 99-126 5.1, SWOT ANALYSIS- DETERMINANTS 1100-101 5.2, DESIGN DEVOLOPMENT... 102-105, 5.3. FINAL SHEETS. 106-123 5.4, LIST OF FIGURES 124 5.5, REFERANCES AND BIBILOGRAPHY......125-126 reacaret wiftar atte eureter ster gear ofa rate afte sna Rae Gare cher sor great. ah wa Tare ATE ara ene feito We sect anata A AaATe eer we an oer Shee dear tet Seamer pr gee rer ae ar rata ee Ae aco a Bar wR aa Se ‘aera ree ee salt an eater tran erie, actor fafran & after & are att caer ‘Ba Mea AE Hareat ate dete eer ‘aor fafeser & agen amare fete cearett sie eer ae eq oe fee one 7 gor ff agian seBUILDING SUSTAINABLE AND CYCLONE RESISTANT RESORT HOTEL PROVIDING EXPERIENCE OF SEA AND NATURE ‘As The State Got Seperated From Telangana There Is A Great Need And Scope For Tourism Devolopment In Costal Andhra And There Is A Great Need Of A Hotel On The Sea Shore Which Is Cyclone Resistant And Provid- ing The Whole Experience Of Sea Without Any Hurdles In Between The People And Sea Along With Consistant Exposure To Mother Nature. Research Areas Consist Of Different Topics. As The Site Located On The Hill Along Bay Of Bengal There Is A Significant Amount Of Cyclones Hit Ting The East Coast Of Andhrapradesh So The Building Must Be Aerodynamically Designed To Be Resistant To Cyclone Activity.Parametric Facade System For Resistance Devolopment To Cyclones. Bio-Photo Voltoic Panels As Facade Treatment, Photo Voltaics And Wind Mill Making The Building Zero Energy Building ,Green And Sustainable. Case Studies Followed By Kovalam Beach Resort And Fortune Resort By Charles Correa And Vernacular Sanya West Resort By AS Architecture-Studio. These Were Helpful In Organising The Buildings On A Contoured Site And ‘The Spatial Linkage Between The Blocks With Un-interrupted View Of Sea. ‘The Site Is Located On A Sloped Surface On A Sea Shore In A Cyclone Prone Zone Andhra Pradesh Beside The Natural Harbor. The Location OF Site Is At A Accessable Distance To The Three Parts Of The City .E. Main fy City,Steel Plant And The Naval Base. According To The CRZ Regulations The Built Height Restriction On The Zone 3 Is 80 Mt And 10 Mt That Should Be 250 Mt And SO Mtrs Away From The Shore Respectively. Site Area : 247665 squmt (61.1 acres) Ground Cover : 27% FAR 0.5% — Builtup Area : 98,000 sq.mt Permissiable : 1,23,830 sq.mt "Hote! Rooms waterpark HV crelation SEE on anquetand ausi SMY wi senices mewaee ‘Powe lant ‘aSITESECTION aor ty As Per The CRZ Regulations The Site Should Be Selected 250 Mts Away From Sea Shore To Bulld A High Raise Lower ‘Than 80 Mts. The Site Selected For Main Hotel Block On The Hill Top So That The Entry Point Will Be Much Easier ‘To Access From The Existing Road After Following All The Regulations Of CRZ. And The Orientation Of The Building Is Aligned In Such A Way That The Building Can Be Less Effected By The Wind Velocities In The Time Of Cyclones. Building On A High Ground Will Be Safer And Secured In Most Of The Cases And That Also Helps In The Clear View Of The Sea From All Points In The Building. [As Per The Vision The Building Must Be Cyclone Resistant Sustainable And Zero| Energy Building. Currently The Hotels Present Don't Offer Actual Experience Of Ptah Sea But This Will Create The Interaction More Efficiently With The Sea By The People With Out Exceeding The Regulations. And Coming To The Amenities This Does Not Be Any Less Than To The International Hotel Standards Consist- ing Of All The Luxurious Suites Chambers And Banquet Halls. ‘The Design Has Undergone Various Changes By Organising The Built Mass On The Sloped te. The Wind Resistance Calculations Helped In The Form & Facade Development. HOTEL ELEVATION manne resfea i cone THESIS INVESTIGATION Minera Pan) Suen1.1. INTRODUCTION Every tourist going toa resort hotel is out for a holiday tis the duty ofthe designer to cater to this basic requirement. The difference ‘between a normal city hotel and a resort hotel should be clearly understood, [Aresort hotels nota transit stop but a DESTINATION. What does a tourist want at a resort? ‘A elease from his everyday chores for some time of regeneration, escape and refreshment. May be a sense of adventure, travel, fun, {and games, May be a sense of seclusion. Whatever may be the tourist's particular requirement, the atmosphere should be one of ‘relaxation and change, [ATMOSPHERE is the most fundamental necessity for a resort hotel tobe successful, It must have a sense of speciainess, ‘excitement and mood. The essence of the tourism isthe experience of being transported in a new world. An environment which is completely different from everyday lfe but with modern conveniences. Nature isthe chief contributor to the atmosphere and hence a good picturesque sit is of utmost importance. No ‘manmade environment can match nature, atthe most it supplements or compliments ‘The architecture of tourism poses a number of stubborn problems, not least among which isthe far too frequent fact that 10 build isto destroy that which the tourist has come to enjoy. This so often happens because the mere act of building may violate the landscape or because in attempting to placate a foreign visitor, {an alien architecture is made to intrude . The architect should be aware ofthis problem. People come tothe beach for different reasons. Some come just fora swim , some to get tan. Water sports, deep sea diving ishing or may be the smell, breeze and sound of sea attracts others. ‘The most beautiful sunrises are atthe sea Be itany one , orall ofthese , the two pre-requisites ofthe site are a lovely beach and an expanse of the blue green ocean, rea1EED TOURISM IN INDIA International tourist industry in 1978 yielded CUSI- ness worth of Rs. 30,000 million and this igure IS accelerating at arate of 15% per annum, India's share of this ‘sum was only 0.2% -a dismal share for a country uncalled in diversity and richness of its natural and cultural resources, India possesses some of the finest beaches in ‘world along its long coast lime. In the north, the Himalayas offer some of the best hiking traits and ski slopes and have always been an attraction to the mountain Others tourist interests Life tours, historic and archeological monuments, ‘even pilgrim centers, Even tnough India possesses + most" varied tourism material she has not been able develop, exploit and sell it Some of the problems are uttined below POOR STANDARDS OF ACCOMODATION Besides a few five star hotels the other hotels leave much to be desired most ofthe hotels in india ., lack even the basic needs such as cleanliness and even the ssupportinginfracture. ‘TRANSPORTATION NETWORKS. It is impossible to travel in india with a tight schedule, as all journeys have to be booked in advance Thusit is very difficult to plana short holiday in india PLANNING. Due to short term planning, tourist facilities have been developed in isolated pockets. This has resulted in inadequate infrastructure in the ather areas. PUBLICITY, Very poor publicity has resulted in {ross miss concepts of India. It's about time ‘more publicity is given tothe tourist facilities to create a favorable image ofthe country Tourism and recreation facltes have tobe integrated into comprehensive planning at national, regional and local levels covering ll activities particularly those involving housing, enviconmental conservation, transport systems and infrastructure, BASIC FACILITIES FOR TOURISM ‘When planning for tourism is necessary to have knowledge of the potential uses and capacities of Sra [=>Resources and the types of faclties required, Facilites provided for tourism fallin two main categories, 4. Those wich are common to all resorts, wherever they may be located, such as accommodation, catering, leisure and basic technical infrastructure, ‘Those which are identified with particular localities, thats utlzing the resources existing at site. These characterize the nature of the result Some of these are mountain, seaside and rural resorts, FACILITES FOR MOUNTAIN RESORTS “Most mountain resorts are generally high altitude summering places is ht countries. They should therefore alm to provide low cost holidays. tis very important thatthe resort has a good environment and creates a relaxing at mosphere, Attraction to the hl resorts often rest onthe diversity and quality of ts recreational and cultural facies. The evening falls early and bad weather isnot frequent. Provision for the facilites in the built environment must be made, Recreation faciliies must be properly developed and easily accessible. eee a ca 7THESIS PROPOSITIO! ‘Visakhapatniam there are many hotels along the sea shore but none of them could give a clear view of sea as there is a limitation of road and the structural systems By the site location both the problems could be avoided and it could a full experience of sea for the customer. Coming to the connectivity the naval quarters don't have proper entertainment complex and they have to travel ‘approximately 15 kms to come into city for some shopping or watching @ movie. In this proposal | am reducing the distance and merging the isolated naval quarters into present city without disturbing its privacy. About the re development : Visakhapatnam is the natural harbor which got created by its own tidal movement so there is @ need to preserve that and rectify the existing problems to give a better living for port people. By developing the harbor the life standards of port are could become much better also with the implementation of Hotel. Here by the programme follows by designing Beach HOTEL and RESORT study. Research Are Different types of Hotels , Resorts, Spa, Gym, Public Spaces, Theatres, restaurants , harbors, ports, docks, cargo storage , loading and unloading units, small scale housing which can be resistant to cyclone. types of hotels -Restaurants, Coffee Shops “Types of resorts -Rooms/Suites , Restrooms and Personal space Public Areas -Cottage Design Beach Hotel Requirements “iewdavelopiranit PROGRAMME Eee i Entertainment Zone COMPONENTS ~Auitorium Facade treatment “Multi Usage of Spaces -Common Spaces “Materials, Conference Halls -SPA, GYM and BAR, Swimming pools -Landscaping1.4, SITE SELECTION site 7 The Selected Site Is A Famous Hill Top ‘The Minor Port Is Not Well Devoloped ‘The Harbour Is Not Properly Connectes To The City ‘The Three Religious Centers And The Beach Shore Make A Good Location : For & High Raise Hotel Which Enriches The Quality OF Surroundings And Connectivity Ecce aca ca 7fe At tas RESEARCH & CASE STUDIES INCEPTUAL ene aa od2.1. RESEARCH AREAS 2.1.1, AERODYNAMIC DESIGN [NEED FOR DESIGN GUIDANCE Inthe wake of wind disasters such as recent hurricanes, and the multitude of tornadoes and wind storms experienced throughout the SOUTH States it has become obvious that the design and construction of many buildings contributed to their poor performance. Inherent in the information presented inthis are the assumptions that architects can play a greater roe in improving the quality of design and construction, and that disaster losses can be’ mitigated. This book was written to help architects perform thisrole Part ofthe architect's role isto ensure thatthe project’s needs are met inthe design for a functional and safe new or renovated building. In areas subject to high winds, 3 building owner may not have considered the damaging effects of wind—to either the building proper, its contents, or (by extension) the life of a business. This level of due diligence may require more attention particularly to the design of roofing, cladding, and openings. It also increases the value of site observation as a way to ensure that the design intent is achieved. Figure 8 Vortex shectcing Figure a4. The Karman Vorex Prenamenon ieeeDamage Mechanisms ‘The four primary damage mechanisms associated with severe windstorms involve: (2) aerodynamic pressures created by flow of air around. structure; (2) induced internal pressure fluctuations due to a breach in the building envelope: (3) impact forces created by wind-borne deb and (4) pressures created by rapid atmospheric pressure fluctuations (associated primarily with tornadoes) AERODYNAMIC PRESSURE IMPACTS Impacts on Walls Figure 1.3 presents a plan view of a simple rectangular building that is submerged in a wind flow as shown. Each wall ofthe structure is Identified a a windward, side, or leeward wall depending upon its location with respect to the direction of wind flow. The windward wall isthe wal facing the wind; the leeward walls on the side opposite to the windward wal; and the side walls are parallel to the wind flow.10 Because the windward walls perpendicular to the wind flow, the wind impinges directly on the windward wall producing positive pressures (Figure 3.6). As the wind flows around the windward corners the local wind speed increases and the flow lines, have a tendency to separate from the corner of the building, This causes the side walls tobe subjected to negative pressures as shown. Inadaition, the turbulence and flow separations that occur atthe windward comers of te building induce high negative pressures for short distances along the side wall ‘The leeward wal is also subjected to negative wind pressures that tend to be relatively uniformly distributed, 56 Rolie vine pressre on wa Impacts on Roofs Wind creates a greater load on the roof covering than on any other element of a building. When a FEMA team investigated wind damage to buildings in Florida inthe wake of Hurricane Andrew, theiefield observations ‘concluded thatthe loss of roof covering was the most pervasive type of damage to buildings in southern Dade County ‘To varying degrees, all ofthe different roof types observed suffered damage due to the failure ofthe method of attachment and/or material, inadequate design, inadequate workmanship, or debris impact. Similar damage has been observed in the aftermath of other windstorms rea Ga‘The primary building structure (the main wind force resisting system) must be designed to resist the forces transferred t it, Most importantly, ‘the members must be connected so that the entice buildings stable [and acts as a system. The roof rafters, beams, and girders must be [adequately connected to each other and to the walls or columns that support them; the walls or columns must be continuously connected Until they reach the foundation to which they are connected: and the foundation must be capable of resisting the forces and transferring them to the ground. Similarly, the structure for each floor must be connected to the wallsand columns, t must be remembered that floors and roofs frequently provide lateral support to bearing and nonbearing walls throughout the building. Thus, the connections between the various structural and nonstructural components ofthe building are critical Building Configuration Bullding configuration can aggravate detrimental wind effects. For ‘example, a tall building that sits on a low-pedestal building of two to four stories can create problems on the roof surface ofthe pedestal building, Such forces can be as high asthe negative pressures at the top ofthe building or higher. Wind breaking up over the roof of the pedestal building is magnified and combined with high winds coming ‘down from the top of the tower. These combined wind forces can tear Commercial Low, Mid, ‘and High-Rise Buildings “Many of the guidelines presented in the residential buildings chapter are applicable to structures of greater height: the critical areas of concern are roof covering, cladding, load-path connections, windows, and doors. Where recommendations are the same, they are referenced. Issues and recommendations particularly relevant to commercial buildings ae discussed in detail. Tis chapter also Includes a discussion of essential facilities (which demand special design attention), the performance of metal building systems in high winds, and wind design issues related to high-rise structures Fig25 FEA ena a caa. inrRopucTION ‘The advancerentsin the development of high trength materials, better understanding of structural behavior coupled with more advanced analytical tools and structural design procedures have led toa new generation of tall buildings which ar slender and light a¢ compared to their predecessors. This {pes of buildings, n action to gravity loads, are subjcte to time-varying loads arising from winds, earthquake et These loads are dominant over a certain frequency ranges. These types of tal lexble buildings are very sensitive to the wind excitation, which could be the important design eiteria determining the structural sytem of tl bulging 1). The design of such buildings soften governed by ‘therneed to limit the windinduced accelerations and dite to acceptable level for human comfort and integrty of non-structural components respectively, The par ofthe research on flexible al buildings Paws Sng nina nt has been devoted towards the reduction of wind-induced responses by means of global design etter modifeations othe building aerodynamics or structural systems and the incorporation of aunliary damping devices suchas active, passive and hybrid devices. (Rareem, 2] Kwok, [2-4], Kwok ea. [5] Banavalkar [6]; Banavalkar and Isyumov [7]; Housner et al. [8]). The momentum to study the effects of aerodynamic modifiation tothe base plan shape f the buildings to mitigate the wind induces responses occurred in the early eighties, The adcton of helical stake to chimney stacks sone ofthe ‘er familar examples of an aerodynamic device used to suppress the resonant vibrations caused due to the vortexshedding phenomenon, Zdrakovich [5] presented the detailed review of various aerodynamic treatments to a structure of crcularerss section. An early example ofan aerodynamic form can be found from Buckminster Fuller's Dymavion projec, in which the aerodynamic shield rotates. we 2 Smid Ow 2681 about an axis according to the direction of the wind to minimize the impact of the wind force (Abalos. and Herrero 10), The shape of the buildings significantly affects the wind forces ont and the resting motion. careful coordination ofthe structural components and shape ofall buldings minimizes the ‘ind excation and offers considerable saving in resources. The passve aerodynamic modification in ‘he form of building shape are one of the ecient and effective design approaches osgnficaty reduce/modiy the effect of time varying wind forces and thus building motion as compare to non modified bldg shape by changing/altering the flow pattern around the bulldings. Ths review Paper — neues vusesmanmenwnagct Comprises the entire spectrum of aerodynamic techniques geared specially toward reducing the wind. sue Gwenn ntone induced motions of tal buldings, particulary those which affect the servceabity requirement and Sr"a"=ghanewnyte ‘occupant comforts and their applications in some of the tall buildings across the world to reduce the ists asconon wind excitation. soca a [| Fig262. AERODYNAMIC FORCES ON BUILDINGS A structure immersed in a given flow field is subjected to aerodynamic forces, For typical tall buildings, aerodynamic forces includes are rag (along- wind) forces lift (across-wind) forces and torsional moments. The alongwind forces act inthe direction ofthe mean flow. ‘The alongwind motion primarily result from pressure fluctuations on windward and leeward faces and generally follows fluctuations in the approaching flow. The crosswind forces act perpendicular to the direction of mean wind flow. The common source of crosswind ‘motion is associated with ‘vortex shedding’. all buildings are blu as opposed to streamlined bodies that cause the flow to separate {rom the surface of structure, rather than follow the body contours. Fora particular building, the shed vortices have a dominant Periodicity defined by the Strouhal number. Hence, the building s subjected to periodic cross pressure loading which results in an alternating crosswind forces. The wind tunnel test on the model of 420 m high Jin Mao Building, Shangal showed that its maximum acceleration in acrosswind direction atts design wind speed is about 1.2 times ofthat in alongwind direction. (Gu and Quan (111), ‘The torsional motion is developed due to imbalance inthe instantaneous pressure distribution on each face of the building. n ather words, ifthe distance between elastic center ofthe structure and aerodynamic center is lage, the structure Is subjected to torsional ‘moments that may significantly affect the structural design. thas been recognized that for many high-rise buildings, the crosswind and, torsional responses may exceed the alongwind response in terms of both limit state and serviceability designs (Holmes (12) 3. SERVICEABILITY REQUIREMENTS ‘The design of typical structure requires the engineering of system that efficiently and effectively caries the anticipated lifetime loads. ‘The increase in height, often accompanied with increased flexibility and even low damping, caused the structure becomes even more susceptible to the action of the wind, which governs the design ofthe lateral system, While a given design may satisfactorily carry all ‘the loads, the structure may still suffer from levels of motion causing significant discomfort to its occupants, Wind-induced serviceability issues are of concern in two areas; (1) building envelope performance under wind-induced deformations, and (2) ‘occupant discomfort due to building motion. Thus many design modifications are explicitly incorporated, be they aerodynamic or structural, to improve the performance of structure to meet the serviceability ot perception requirements. Before discussing the various aerodynamic techniques to reduce the wind-induced responses, serviceability requirements ae brifly discussed in subsequent paragraph. For the performance of the building envelope to be adequate, the peak interstorey drift must not exceed 41/300 to 1/500 of the storey height under unfactored loads, although this criterion may vary depending on type of cladding or glazing and cladding attachment details. In absolute terms, interstory drift should not exceed 10 mm unless special detalls allow nonstructural partitions, cladding, or glazing to accommodate larger drift. However this criterion must also be qualified, depending on specific building features (Simiu and Miyata [13})- Occupant comfort is affected by the visual perception of bullding csellations. Windinduced motions have various categories like the sway mation ofthe first two bending modes termed along and acrosswind motions, a higher mode of torsional metion about the vertical ais, o for buildings with stiffness and mass ieegulartes, ‘complex bending and torsion inthe lower modes. Any ofthese motions can be quite unnerving and unsettling to the occupants and symptoms may ange from concern, anxiety, fear to headaches, eee a a 7(Simiu and Miyata (23). British standard defines the comfort criterion as complaint by more than 2% of people in the upper floors of the building — es a during the worst 10 minutes ofa storm witha return period of 1 in 5 years. Fig.7- Vasotec mafaten come pokey L é Fig28 Li pes Misi FigmeS Seater Fine Misa cower Fee? MOT Ylatane Boilies Figur 3. Tape Ballas eee a aSHAPE EFFECTS ON THE WIND-INDUCED RESPONSE OF HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS “This RESEARCH explored the effect of building shape on the wind-induced response ofa structure through a comprehensive investigation of wind tunnel studies performed at Rowan Williams Oavies and Irwin, Inc. (RWO!). The study focused on buildings with foot prints of square, ctcular, triangular, rectangular and elliptical shapes. Seed buildings were selected from an inventory of structures previously tested ina low-speed boundary layer wind tunnel (BLWT). The measured wind tunnel data fr each of the sample seeds were factored to match a representative building shape at ful scale for comparison purposes. Load patterns attributed to the cross-sectional shape ofthe structure were observed inthe results. To provide a baseline value for the wind loads, the computed responses for the seeds were compared against the values given by the 2005 National Building Code of Canada (NBCC) and the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) 7-05 Standard. The base load comparison illustrated how certain building shapes perform in wind events Key words: shape effects, bluff bodies, base loads tal buildings, wind performance, boundary layer wind tunnel INTRODUCTION Bluff body aerodynamics plays a critical role in the determination ofthe principal response ofa high-rise building Tal buildings can be susceptible to excessive motion during wind events that can cause occupant discomfort and reduce the overall appeal ofthe structure (Kareem, 1992). Furthermore, these excessive motions can create high base loads, which can increase the cost ofthe structure Structural engineers generally opt for optimizing the structural system or increasing modal mass to reduce wind-induced motion, as tiscussed by Kareem (1983). Building motions can also be mitigated by supplemental damping systems, as explained by Brazil etal (2006) and Breukelman and Hasket (2001). However, consideration of building shape can also lead to improved wind performance (lewin 2008, and irwin etal, 1998). This study looked to identify general wind loading patterns for common building shapes, withthe objective of encouraging designers to consider bluff body aerodynamics early in the design process. Shape effects, froma wind engineering perspective, have been investigated by Davenport (1971), via aerodynamic model tests. Hayashida and Iwasa (1990) also ‘examined shape effects on super tal building using rigid models, Corner modifications and their impact on aerodynamic forces were studied in detail by Dutton and Isyumov (1990), Kawai (1998) and Tamura and Miyagi (1998). The present study looks to expand on and support past research, by examining the wind loading patterns on various shapes ona direction by direction basis. The computed wind loads are also benchmarked against two international building standards, the NBCC 2005 and the ASCE 7-2005,“The present study further strengthens this approach by utlizing aerodynamic model studies for actual bulldings using high-frequency force balance (HFFB) method conducted by the RWD! group of companies, The HFFB method is a commonly used technique in ” mtu easy, ff, stone spied od, P,displacamet oft srctwe, © alia dying ‘aio, For mpedtans system, these paramere tke teflon fom: m0)" (0) SSS Cn, )mt ‘ —— t= 25a a PH) = WY P-L = ~ $9) =6000) Fr ulin ving nar mode shapes Gag, = 3/14 = =) he gouerai fave, which she sight Ya side RHS oF, (1.8 the seas hs emote base, sow in, ie —= 1 —— a Piuciccece cena a 7‘where H and M are the height and base moment ofthe building, respectively Since the wind induced Generalized force is known via ‘wind tunnel testing, we can use the structural dynamic properties of the ful scale building and assumed damping ratios to solve for the unknowns on the left hand side of Eq (1).This process is usually carried out n the frequency domain. The power spectral density Sp * (f ) $9 * (forthe base moment is computed first using Ea, (3). The generalized response load for each mode can be obtained by Integrating the area under the spectral density function (Eq. 3), as shown in Eq (4). The contributions from each mode will be combined by using square root ofthe sum of the squares (SRSS) method to obtain the total generalized response 22 Ts. 5(!)S() represents ‘the mean square spectral density, commonly referred to as the power spectral density (PSD). S, = IFA) SCS, = BIH SC) e _—___4_. | (4) + =) Se fo oe = kC. BUD! SpE a = ID | HOD! SCH ‘The diffrence between the square of generalized response load,c,0,, andthe square ofthe back. 2 tepresents the resonant loading conbibutions. Note that g.,"g.,'can be obtained by integrating the spectral density function, S+(F) $+(f), of the base moment time history. More details oa HFFE beckgrund, along wih comecions for node! mode shapes and approcinae load detibtion C, over the beight ofthe Budi, cam be found ma Bogas and Peterks (1989), Xie and laa (1998), Chen and are (2005, nd Chen and Ransom (20036) Ras worthy of tet the satura properties of sty ‘building are used only during the analytical procedure, Thus the HFFB wind tunnel data can be reanalyzed foruess set ofzeised structural properties ss reqused to generate age st of Wind esponses provided that shape of the bade remains smi Hundeeds of HEFE stds ere coaster fr inclusion inthis study. The ine was to chose an con wd ptes or ws bug saps Avaya is ope amet melee Cy = ath © ‘aid designers n assessing wind responses at the early design stages. Seed bunldings were selected to have Biya Sinplese ftps sar to one ofthe following ie shapes square, cite, tangle, etl ad elipse ‘The test data from each of the sample seeds were modified to account for geometry differences. The modi- fied test data, now matching a common building geometry. were then combined with an assumed set of Cie dynam properties to detemtine the wind response The sus allow for comparisons of the general wind Ioeding pater ofthe toed shapes] AY) © oSHAPE SELECTION Common building shapes were selected for inclusion inthis study Figure 1 presents a photo ofa seed building for each the shapes studied, Sample seeds were sought to have open surroundings to avoid unique project specific wind effects caused by adjacent structures. From the database, four buildings for each ofthe five basic building footprints considered were identified. Details ofthe sample seeds, including shape, width, height, aspect ratio and slenderness ratio, are presented in Appendix A (dimensions shown in full scale meters). The study also cansidered seeds fr various Reynolds numbers (Re), which should be acknowledged when considering the results. The variation of Re forthe various experiments was limited to 150,000, EXPERIMENT PARAMETERS “The cross-section of each of the seed buildings matched one ofthe five study shapes, however, the height and width of the seed was varied. The previous section outlined the methodology to normalize the wind loading data collected from the seed buildings to correspond toa representative cylinder of nominal dimensions, The fll scale dimensions and coordinate origins for each of the representative cylinders are i le lao pre mia Wie Ne OS 150 ont, == 20,0 A) I a= ali where RR gs the resonant peak factor (Tschanz and Davenport, 1983); Ts the observation time 11 {ffs the natural frequency; and, 1122s crteal damping rato. The peak response ofthe bulding, F°R-, can then be determined by summing the Fig2at mean loading wit the root ofthe sum of the aA squares (SRSS) of the background and resonant components, as shown in E, (10). i R=R+V +P R= RE +R a0) t Following this methodology, the rsuling wind lads, derived fram the seed buildings, correspond to a common geometry and can be ‘compared on a direction by direction basis to identily general wind = Defini of representative cylinders shapes.j i is —Z i i _ i fez Figure illustrates that the wind foads experienced by the elliptical cylinder inthe X- direction (Fx, My) are significantly less than the code wind loads, The drag se coefficient for an ellipse in the X-direction gives an indication thatthe wind load SS _ cperienced by the elliptical cylinder wil be considerably less than that calculated fora rectangle. Since the code provisions assume a rectangular section, It seems —— logical thatthe X-direction loads on an elipse would be less than the code predictions. Again, this presents an opportunity for savings through the utilization of = LWT testing, The Y-direction loads (Fy, Mx) fll n line wit thecode values. High dynamic loads caused by vortex induced oscillation were not apparent in any of the a noe‘Shape Effects on the Wind-Induced Response of High-Rise Buildings Seed Building Information 2a Py 102 128 Oo 178 a 10s a0 ee pe pee) ess pe pe pee pe 282 s 100 aa | 193, a2 233 sae [ /\ UY 3 { \ 0 g bod (00 Fig2.332.1.2, PARAMETRIC DESIGN What is parametric design ? “There isno precise definition and there are other related terms and synonyms: generative, computational, digital, computer aided, associative. Bascaly it's far more sophisticated than using computer insteadof drawing board. Often when You raw/mode your concept, ne YoU flow certain operations which are monotone and repetitive, theyarealgorithmsané — what's for sure computers are best at algorithms, so why should You do it manually ? For = ‘example, think of an elevation with windows, each window must have an area equal to 1/8. ee of room's floor area, ls simple, but when nextday You'l decide that 17 wl do better, and ‘here are 1000 windows ? Lat the computer handle this algorithm! Another example ‘You've designed bench with organic form and wish tl be mage of wood horizontal ses. ‘You need slices plans and numbers for fabrication and assembly 30 What is it for ? Fig:2.14 Everyday objects, data mapping and viualzation elevations, structures, floorplans, urban plans. In my opinion flor plans and urban plans should be dane in ver ited amour, because they ae synthetic nd context-aware Such algorithms ae extremely hardto figure out Parametric design i another tal for designers, architects as any tal You have to learnt to make benefits oft and benefits are impressive Visual code it's quite easy to dstngush something designed using parameters an algorithms from the rest, sit ves usa message"t'm contemporary, was rethink)" Parametricism - A New Global Style for Architecture and Urban Design Patrik Schumacher, London 2008 ‘Abstract: Though parametriism has its roots in the digital animation techniques of the mid-1990s, i has only fully emerged in recent ‘yeats with the development of advanced parametric design systems. Parametrcis has become the dominant, single style for avant- {garde practice today. Its particularly suited to large-scale urbanism as exemplified by a series of competition-winning master-plans by Zaha Hadid Architects‘There is global convergence in recent avant-garde architecture that justifies the enunciation of a new style: Parametricism. The style Is rooted in digital animation techniques. Its latest refinements are based on advanced parametric design systems and scripting techniques. Ths style has been developed over the last 15 years and is now claiming hegemony within avant-garde architecture. sueceeds modernism as a new long wave of systematic innovation. The style finally closes the transitional period of uncertainty that ‘was engendered by the crisis of modernism and that was marked by a series of short lived episodes including Postmodernism, Deconstructivism, and Minimalism, Parametricism is the great new style ater modernism. The new style claims relevance on al scales from architecture and interior design to large scale urban design. The lager the scale ofthe project the more pronounced is parametrcism’s superior capacity to articulate programmatic compleaity. The urbanist potential of parametricism has been explored in a three year research agenda at the ‘AADRL.- Parametric Urbanism — and demonstrated by a series of competition winning masterplans by Zaha Hadid Architects Zaha Hadid Archiects, Kartal-Pendik Masterplan, Istanbul, Turkey, 2006 Fabric study. The urban fabric comprises both cross towers and perimeter blocks, The image shows the morphological range ofthe perimeter block type. Blocks are split into four quadrants allowing fora secondary, pedestrian path system. {At certain network crossing points the block system is assimilated tothe tower system: each black sponsors one of the quadrants to form a pseudo tower around a network crossing point. Recently we witnessed an accelerated, cumulative build up of virtuosity, resolution and refinement, facilitated by the attendant development of parametric design tools and scripts that allow the precise formulation and execution of intricate correlations between elements and subsystems. ‘The shared concepts, computational techniques, formal repertoires, and tectonic logics that characterize this work are erystalizing into a solid new hegemonic paradigm for architecture. a [a1. Parametricism as Style ‘Avant-garde architecture and urbanism are going through a cycle of innovative adaptation ~ retooling and adapting the discipline to the ‘demands of the socio-economic era of postfordism. The mass society that was characterized by a universal consumption standard has evolved into the heterogenous society of the multitude, marked by a proliferating life-style and career differentiation. Architecture and Urbanism are called upon to organize and articulate the increased complexity of post fordist society. Contemporary avant-garde architecture and urbanism is addressing this societal demand via a rich panoply of parametric design techniques. However, we are confronted with a new style rather than just with a new set of techniques. The techniques in questions ~ the employment of animation, simulation and form-finding tools, as well as parametric modelling and scripting ~ have inspired a new collective movement with radically new ambitions and values. This has lead to many new, systematically connected design problems that are being worked on competitively within a global network of design researchers.1. Over and above aesthetic recognisablity, iis this wide-spread, long-term consistency of shared design ambitions/problems that justifies the enunciation ofa style inthe sense ofan epochal phenomenon.2 We propose to cal this style: Parametrcism. Parametricism isa mature style. There has been talk about “continuous differentiation”, versioning, iteration and mass customization etc. for quite a while within the architectural avant-garde discourse Parametricism emerges from the creative exploitation of parametric design systems in view of articulating increasingly complex social processes and institutions. The parametric design tools themselves cannot account for this profound shift in style from modernism to pparametricism, This is evidenced by the fact that late modernist architects are employing parametric tls in ways which result in the ‘maintenance of a modernist aesthetics, i. using parametric modelling to inconspicuously absorb complexity. The parametrcist sensibility pushes in the opposite direction and aims for a maximal emphasis on conspicuous differentiation and the visual amplification differentiating logis. Aesthetically it isthe eleganced of ordered compleaity and the sense of seamless fluidity, akin to natural systems, ats the hana of parometism aa som >i elI. Styles as Design Research Programmes Avant-garde styles might be interpreted and evaluated in analogy to new scientific paradigms, affording 2 new conceptual framework, and formulating new aims, methods and values. Thus a new direction for concerted research work's established. 5 My thesis is therefore: Styles are design research programmes.6 Innovation in architecture proceeds via the progression of styles so understood. This implies the alternation between periods of cumulative advancement within a style and revolutionary periods of transition between styles. Styles represent cycles of innovation, gathering the design research efforts into a collective endeavor. Stable self-identity is here as much a necessary precondition of evolution as it's in the case of organic life. To hold on to the new principles in the face of cificultiess crucial for the chance of eventual success Ths is incompatible with an understanding of styles as transient fashions. Basic principles and methodologies need to be preserved and defended with tenacity in the face of initial difficulties and setbacks. Each style has its hard core of prinlples and a characteristic way of tackling design problems/tasks. ‘The programme/style consists of methodological rules: some tell us what paths of research to avold (negative heurlsties), and others what paths to pursue (positive heuristics). The negative heuristic formulates strictures that prevent the relapse into old patterns that are not fully consistent with the core, and thepositive heuristics offers guiding principles and preferred techniques that allow the work to {ast forward in one direction. Il. Defining Heuristics and Pertinent Agendas ‘The defining heuristics of parametricism are fully reflected inthe taboos and dogmas of contemporary avant-gared design culture: Negative heuristics (taboos): avoid rigid geometric primitive ike squares, triangles and circles, avoid simple repetition of elements, avold juxtaposition of unrelated elements or ystems. Positive heuristics (dogmas): consider all forms to be parametrically malleable, differentiate gradually (at variant rates), inflact and correlate systematically The current stage of advancement within parametrcism relates as much tothe continuous advancement ofthe attendant computational {sign processes as itis due to the designer’ realization ofthe unique formal and organizational opportunities that are afforded by these processes, Parametricism can only exist via the continuous advancement and sophisticated appropriation of computational geometry. Finally, ‘computationally advanced design techniques like scripting (in Me!-script or Rhino-scrip) and parametric modeling (with tools ike GC or DP) a becoming a pervasive reality Today itis impossible to compete within the contemporary avant-garde scene without mastering and advancing. these techniques. However, the advancement of techniques should go hand in hand withthe formulation of further ambitions and agendas. ‘The following $ agendas are to inject new aspects into the parametric paradigm and to push parametricism further: 4.Parametric Inter-articulation of Sub-systems: ‘The ambition is to move from single system differentiation - e.g. a swarm of facade components -to the scripted association of multiple subsystems ~ envelope, structure, internal subdivision, navigation void, The differentiation in any one systems is correlated with dfferentions i the other systems rea2.Parametric Accentuation: ‘The ambition is to enhance the overall sense of organic integration through correlations that favour deviation amplification rather than compensatory adaptations. The associated system should accentuate the intial differentiation. Thus afar richer articulation can be achieved and more orienting visual information can be made availabe, 3.Parametri Figuration?: \We propose that complex configurations that are latent with multiple readings can be constructed as a parametric model with extremely ‘iguration-senstive variables, Parametric variations trigger “gestalt-catastrophes’,e. the quantitative mocification ofthese parameters trigger qualitative shifts inthe perceived configuration, Beyond object parameters, ambient parameters and observer parameters have to be integrated into the parametric system. 4 Parametric Responsiveness®: Urban and architectural environments receive an inbult kinetic capacity that allows those environments to reconfigure and adapt themselves in response to prevalent occupation patterns. The realtime registration of use-patterns drives the real time kinetic adaptation. The built environment thus acquires responsive agency at diferent time scales. 5.Parametric Urbanism3 - Deep Relationality: “The assumption is thatthe urban massing describes a swarm-formation of many buildings whereby lawful continuities cohere this ‘manifold of buildings. The systematic modulation of morphologies produces powerful urban effects and facilitates field orientation. Our ambition is deep relationality, .e. to integrate the building morphology - al the way tothe detailed tectonic articulation and the interior organisation. Parametric Urbanism might involve parametric accentuation, parametric figuration, and parametric responsiveness as registers to full its ambition of deep relationalty. Frei Otto, Apparatus for computing minimal path systems, Institute for Lightweight Structures (ILEK), Stuttgart, 1988 ‘The analogue model finds the minimal path system, thats, the system connects a distributed set of given points, thus the overall length of the path system is minimised, Each points reached but there is 2 considerable imposition of detours between some pairs of points. The system isa tree (branching system) without any redundant connections. Marek Kolodziejezyk, Wool-thread model to compute optimised detour path networks, Institute for Lightweight Structures (ILEK), Stuttgart, 1991, Depending on the adjustable parameter ofthe thread's sur-length, the apparatus ~ through the fusion of threads ~ computes a solution ‘that significantly reduces the overall length of the path system while maintaining alow average detour factor. rea‘The results an elegant, coherently differentiated city-scape that facilitates navigation throught lawful constitution and through the architectural accentuation of both global and local field properties. ‘This much might be possible to institute withthe imposition of strict planning guidelines using building lines and height regulation, Political and private buy-in's require. All constituencies need to be convinced thatthe individual restrictions placed upon all sites really deliver a worth-while collective value: the unique character and coherent order of the urban field that all players benefit from if adherence can be enforced. Ordered complexity here replaces the monotony of older planned developments and the disorienting visual chaos that marks virtually all unregulated contemporary city expansions. “Togo further yet, in terms of our concept of deep relationality, we have to extend our involvement from urbanism to architecture. Only then we can further intensify the accentuating correlations, involving the systematic modulation of tectonic features. For instance, in terms ofthe calligraphy blocks -a third perimeter block variation that has been designed to both open up the interior of. parcels and to cross parcels - we use a continuous facade differentiation that leads from the street-side tothe courtyard on the basis ‘of an inital distinction of external and internal facades, Another moment of deep articulation is the coordination of landscape and. public spaces, and the correlation ofthe secondary path-system with the disposition of internal navigation systems. Calligraphy blocks ~ tectonic detall. The articulation ofthe facades is 8 function of the location within the urban field. The exterior of the blocks is given a heavier relief than the interior. Where a block opens 'upand the public space flows into the private courtyard, a semi- private zone is articulated via the gradient transformation between the outer and inner articulation. Fig:2.38 Doubts might be felt when confronted with the possibilty of designing an urban field of up to 6 million squaremeter gross area with a single design team. Are we overstretching aur capacity here? The more we are confronted with large scale development ofthis kind the ‘more confident we grow that the tools and strategies we are deploying under the banner of parametricism can indeed deliver something that produces a decisive surplus value if compared with the usual alternative of uncoordinated, arbitrary justapositions. The contemporary choice of typologies, construction options and styles is simply too large to expect the underlying pragmatic logics to become legible. The results a cacophony of pure difference. Parametrcism is able to further coordinate pragmatic concerns and articulate them with all ther tich alifferentiations and relevant associations. The danger of overriding real-life richness is minimized because variety and adaptiveness are written into the very genetic make-up of parametrcism.iim2.1.3. SUSTAINABLE STRATIGIES, BIPV FACADE = = Bio Photovoltaic Panel Produces Energy From Bacteria n Soll. ‘The Bio-photovoltaic Panel Consists Of A Battery In Which Energy Is Harvested From Bacteria Inside The Soll To Release Electrons. Installed At The Valldaura Campus OF The Institute For Advanced Architecture Of Catalonia The System Has Sensors That Display its Status, As Well As Make it Self Sufficient. The Bacteria Is Fed Through By-products From The Photosynthesis Of Plants, And By Introducing An Anode And Cathode (Battery) Into The Soil, The Free Electrons Can Be Extracted And Put Into The Circuit. Bacteria Living In The Soll Takes These Plant Nutrients And ‘Metabolizes Them, Releasing Hydrogen Protons And Electrons ~The introduction OF A Microbial Fuel Cell, Anode And Cathode Se Means A Redox Process Occurs, Transferring The Free Electons In The Soil From Anode To Cathode. By Connecting Circuit With A Capacitor Or Step-down Converter into The Fuel Cell t How it Works ? Is Possible To Use This Souree Of Flow To Power Appliances Or ach ofthe components that form the BPV have ‘Any Other Electrical Device. certain parameters that may be changed to control the processes and efficiency ofthe output ~ the veo tYB@ of plant that grows, whether its edible or decorative, the soll characteristics that enable microbial growth, the type of sol that makes the electron transfer, and the battery's materials and ‘composition al help to determine the efficiency for the way the electrons are gathered and transferred, PHOTOSYNTHESS METABOLISM crcut SEES 7Based on the results ofthe experiment, the following relationships where found: 1, 100% saturated sol produces the best results since the water in the medium promotes electrolysis within the sol 2, the closer the anode and cathode are placed the more efficient the electron transfer is. 3. the relationship between the sol volume and the cathode's area does not grow as volume grows. 4.2 triangle container is more efficient. 5. the coll cathode maximizes the surface for the bacteria to gather around, hence itis the most efficient electron collector. 6. allsoll types yield similar results, hence have similar bacteria count. yg: -23-&& max vettage restspace verona water tezzaletion etioution | DESIGN STRATEGY, VORONOI TESSELLATION Voltage and amperage were measured in all the experiments, and even though voltage was always present, no amperes were cbserved. the containers were connected in series to increase the voltage and still there was no amperage. to get amperage, the batteries must be connected to a capacitor or step down converter. ‘The maximum voltage had to be conserved, while atthe same time allowing enough space for the plant's roots to grow. to achieve both results, a voronoi tessellation was applied, which allowed for the cells to contain the batteries and keep the triangular proportion, while giving the plant more volume to spread i's roots oI | t voron! automates data logger fagade tessosiation controle “pump ‘stem ‘The irrigation system incorporates a voronoi tessllation, making it possible to reach more plant cells (batteries) with only once cell of water, to ensure that all ofthese were kept at 2 100% saturation, a water base was created to connect the plant cells with ‘the water cells via a tube, and also keep the water bed height constant throughout.+ enone ‘coating ond sore fishing and mesh Materials And Fabricationcustomize get fle iting recieve i) | | & t FINAL PRODUCT Having tested the different components and networks in previous prototypes, the final one incorporates an automation system that controls the irrigation and a data logger to monitor the variables that affect the plant's growth. a customized design was also developed where the user can create his/her own panel design and send it to be fabricated tothe fablab the fabrication procedure consists of riling the panel in polysteryne and applying coats of ruber and epoxy resin to stiffen and waterproof it. afterwards, the wiring and electronics are assembled and the soll and moss placed. finally the finishing is laser cut and glued to the exposed surfaces. x4 x8 x16 torand type of opploncs‘The prototype incorporates the voronoi pattern in three different levels ofthe leaf each vary in size, the first one is big and gives rigidity tothe piece, the second subdivides the different battery clusters, andthe thid, the smallest, contains the battery cells. an arduino is powered by the batteries and controls the sensors forthe data and water pump of the irigation. each panel is lm and ‘10cm thick made of polystyrene coated in enoxy resin. a wood finishing is applied to give coherence and rigidity tothe whole. ‘The fabrication process starts with the design of the panel and 3D model, which is sent to the Milling Process milling machine to turn it into a poysteryne panel of 2xim and 10cm thick ~ a process that takes 9 hours. when the polysteryne s milled it can move along to be coated in later, firstly close to the pores so that less epoxy resin is needed. [After the resin is applied, the circuit is connected with each of the small voronoi cells, containing ‘a galvanized steel wire coll as anode and a copper wire coil as cathode. these are joined ina series withthe surrounding the cells. after the irrigation system is applied, the wires and plumbing are ‘sealed on the bottom with a layer of fiber and two epoxy resin coats ~ adding rigidity to the base, while holding the wires and cables in place. once everything is sealed and water proofed, the saturated sol is placed to make contact withthe anode and cathode. once the sol isin place, the ‘moss is then planted into it inthe different individual cell. Detail Of The Irrigation System Detail Of The Electronics >i Solar photovoltaic Ventilated roof a y Design a Building EE ise of Daylight Orientation Thermal mass Evaporative cooling2.1.4. CYCLONE RESISTANT ARCHITECTURE RESEARCH ON CYCLONE RESISTANT ARCHITECTURE. Design of the House \We do have control over the shape of new buildings and shape is the most important single factor in determining the performance of buildings in cyclones, Simple, compact, symmetrieal shapes are best. The square plan is better than the rectangle since it allows high ‘winds to go around them. The rectangle is better than the L-shaped plan. This isnot to say that all buldings must be square. Buti is to say that one must be aware ofthe implications of design decisions and take appropriate action to counter negative features, ‘The best shape to resist high winds isa square, 1G /| & Square (Best) Reet le Long Rectangle LShape Fig2.21 IMAGES SOURCE: CYCLONE RESISTANT ARCHITECTURE BY ANKUSH AGRAWAL If other shapes are desired, efforts should be made to strengthen the corners, Iflonger shapes are used, they must be designed to withstand the forces ofthe wind, Most houses are rectangular and the best layout is when the length s not more than three (2) times the width, In case of construction of group of buildings, a cluster arrangement can be followed in preference to row type-(Agrawal, 2007)Roofs Lightweight fat roofs ae easily blown off in high winds. In order to lessen the effect of the uplifting forces on the roof, the roof Pitch should not be less than 222. Hip roofs are best, they have been found to be more cyclone resistant than gable roofs. General Design Considerations 2. Avoid a low pitched roof, use a hip roof or a high pitched gable root 3. Avoid overhanging roofs. f overhangs or canopies are desired, they should be braced by ties held to the main structures. 4. Avoid openings which cannot be securely closed during a cyclone. Where openings ae already in existence, cyclone shutters should be provided. (Overhangs, patios and verandahs experience high wind pressures and should be kept short andl Small + Avoid lage overhangs as high wind force build up under them, + Overhangs should not be more than 18 inches at verges or eaves. “+ Bulld verandah and patio roofs as separate structures rather than extensions of the main building + They may blow off without damaging the res ofthe house. ‘Securing the Ridge If the rafters are not secure, the ridge can fall apart when strong wind passes over the root ‘The ridge can be secured by using:- (0) COLLAR TIES - Timbers connecting the rafters. Nail them tothe side of the rafters. {i GUSSETS - Usually made of steel/piywood. This is used at the ridge. (ii) METAL STRAPS over the top ofthe rafters ‘Securing the corrugated galvanized sheets ‘The sheets are gauged by numbers. The Higher the number the thinner the material. Example 24 gauge galvanized sheet is superior to 28, ‘gauge. (i) How does roof sheeting fallin cyclones? Failure in roots If the sheeting is too thin or there are too few fittings, the nalls or screws may tear through the sheet. galvanized sheets are used, 24 gauge is recommended. (iv) How to secure sheeting tothe roof structure, use * Fixings every two (2) corrugation at ridges, eaves and overhangs. «+ Fixings every three (3) corrugation. Maximum spacing at all other locations or use galvanised iron flats under the fixings. eee a 7(v) Fixings for sheetings se fittings with a broad washer or dome head (zinc nal), To use more fixings for each sheet, put in the lathe at closer centres and nail closer together. Screws * Use proper drive crews for corrugated galvanized roof sheets. * Be sure that the screws go into the puslins a least fifty (50) mm. + use arge washers under the screw heads to prevent the roof sheets from tearing when pulled upward by high winds. Nails + Nails do not hold as well as screws. * Use nails with wide heads and long enough to bend over below the lath, + Galvanized coated nails are better than ordinary wire nail Laths spacing and fixing «= Spacing for laths and number of fixings will vary with the gauge of sheeting used. + Screws hold better than nails so fewer screws can be used. But the sheeting must be thik or they will tear through. + Laths should be placed closer together for thin sheets to provide space for extra fixings. ‘+ A guide to the number of fixings and spacing of laths is shown below. Clay tle roofs Because of lower dead weight, these may be unable to resist the upliting force and thus experience heavy damage, particularly during cyclones. Anchoring of roo tiles in RC. strap beams is recommended for improved cyclone resistance. As alternative to ‘the bands, a cement mortar screed, reinforced with galvanized chicken mesh, may be laid over the high suction areas ofthe tiled roof. NNote:- Covering the entire tile roof with concrete or ferro-cement will prevent natural breathing through the tiles and will make them ‘thermally uncomfortable. ‘Thatch roof:- Thatched roof should be properly tied down to wooden framing underneath by using organic or nylon ropes in diagonal pattern. The spacing of ope should be kept 450 mm of les so as to hold down the thatch length. For connecting the wooden members, use of non corrodible fiatures should be made. If non-metallic elements are used, these may need frequent replacement. After 3 cyclone warning is received, all the lighter roofs should be held down by a ope net and properly anchored to ground. (i) Sheeted roofs: reduced spacing of bolts, % ofthat admissible as per IS:800, recommended. For normal connections, J boltsmay be used but for eyelone resistant connections U~ bolts are recommended. Alternatively a strap may be used atleast along.ledges to fx cladding with the purtns to avoid punching through the sheet. Properly connected M.S. flat can be used as reinforcing band in high suction zones. The corrugated sheeting should be properly overlapped (at east 2 1/2 corrugation) to prevent water from blowing under the seam. Spaces between the sheeting and the wall plate should be closed up to prevent the wind from getting under ‘the sheeting and lifting it. This can be done by nailing a fascia board to the wall plate and rafters. (i Clay tle roofs:- Because of lower dead weight, these may be unable to resist the uplifting force and thus experience heavy damage, particularly during cyclones. Anchoring of roof tiles in RC. strap beams s recommended for improved cyclone resistance. As alternative to the bands, a cement mortar screed, reinforced with galvanized chicken mesh, may be laid over the high suction areas ofthe tiled roof NNote:- Covering the entire tile roof with concrete or ferro-cement will prevent natural breathing through the ties and will make them ‘thermally uncomfortable. (aiyThatch roof; -Thatched roof should be properly tied down to wooden framing underneath by using organic or nylon ropes in slagonal pattern. The spacing of rope should be kept 450 mm or less so as to hold down the thatch length. For connecting the wooden ‘members, use of non corrodible fixtures should be made. If non-metallic elements are used, these may need frequent replacement, After a cyclone warning is received, all the lighter roofs should be held down by a rope net and properly anchored to ground. (ivjAnchoring of roof framing to wall/posts The connection of roof framing to the vertical load resisting elements i.e, wal or post, by providing properly designed anchor bolts and base plates is equally important for overall tablity of the oof. The anchoring of roof ‘framing to masonry wall should be accomplished through anchor belts embedded in concrete cores. The weight Connection of roof ‘framing to wal taming (Agrawal, 2007) ‘Anchoring of roof framing in masonry Bracing the raftered roofs of participating masonry at an angle of half horizontal to 1 vertical should be more that the total uplift at the support. n case of large forces, the anchoring bars can be taken down to the foundation level witha structural layout that could ensure the participation of filer and cross walls in resisting the uplift. (u) Bracing Adequate diagonal or knee bracing should be provided both at the rafter level and the eaves level in a pitched roof. The purlins should be properly anchored at the gable end, Its desirable that atleast two bays, one at each end, be braced both in horizontal and vertical plane to provide adequate wind resistance, Where number of bays is more than 5, use additional bracing in every fourth bay, . pS ems = Zee eae daa ct nigh‘Wall Openings Openings in general are areas of weakness and stress concentration, but needed essentially for light and ventilation. The following are recommended in respect of openings. i) Openings in load bearing wals should not be within a distance of h/6 from inner corner for the purpose of providing lateral support to cross walls, where ‘his the storey height upto eave level. (i) Openings just below roof level be avoided except that two small vents without shutter should be provided in opposite walls to prevent suffocation in case room gets filled ‘with water and people may try to climb up on lofts or pegs. i) Since the fallure of any door or window on the wind-ward side may lead to adverse uplift pressures under roof, the openings should have strong holdfasts as wells closing/locking arrangement. CONCLUSION/ADVICES ‘THE TEN KEY PRINCIPLES OF CYCLONE RESISTANT CONSTRUCTION Choode the location carefully to avoid the ful force af he wind or 00, 7 ® cise cing yout with a simple regular shape, to avid concentration of pressure Build the roof at an angle of 30° to 45° to prevent it being lifted off by the wit ‘Make sure the foundations, walls, and roof structure are al firmly fixed together. einforce the bracing inthe structure; strengthen walls and joints/ junctions to increase stiffness. Make sure the roof covering is firmly attached to the roof structure to prevent it from lifting If doors & shutters cannot be shut, make sure there are opposing openings to reduce pressure build up Use doors and shutters that can be closed. 2b,Kovalam Beach Resort, KERALA Architect-Charles Correa Tass aeKovalam, one OF India's most spectacular beaches, is just north Of Kanyakumari along the to initiate Kovalam's development as a major resort without disturbing the beauty Of the surroundings. The ste is adjacent to the Old Kovalam Palace. The project design commenced, in 1969 and the first phase Of construction completed in 1974, This phase involved establishing a\ umber OF & cities acting as a catalyst for future The current resort provides 300 beds as well as specialized failties such as centres for yoga and ayurvedic and water sports. The master plan scatters the facilities over the ste, ratherthan ~ concentrating them in one area, thus creating 3 ‘number Of potential growth points and allowing fora flexible to future demands. In order to pre serve the site's natural beauty the buildings follow the hill slope: this also means that each room gets its own private terrace for sun— bathing and relaxing. There are also a umber Of detached units and independent units Although the Egn is contemporary and is not directly derived from local forms, except for the Beach Centre pavilions which are lightweight Arabian Sea, With this project the client = bamboo chatrs, the buildings refertothe 4 vernacular With the plastered wiite walls, red Mennaticnm ein SS tiled roofs and sundecks. The interiors utilise light furnishings, matting on the floors and Simple Indian crafted finishes.Concem for architecture With @ capital "A’ — good design which adds tothe joy of living — is embedded in Correa's being, His eye for beauty in form and content characterizes many of his works: most notably private houses and hotels. His holiday Resort Hotels perhaps best illustrate his experiments with ideas related to the visual aspects of architecture. (Correa has so {far nat tackled the Businessmen's or Central City Hotel types, but concentrates on buildings for recreation.) He sees no contradiction between serving the rich and the poor and, within the Indian context, sees them as two ends of a spectrum that both complement and contradict each other. He borrows aspects of design normally associated with the rich and includes them in buildings for the poor, such as the provision of individual house plots, a concem for exterior spaces, the tiled roof dwelling, cimatically responsive buildings, and so on, And conversely borrows ideas from the poor and ‘more traditional people to use in dwellings forthe rich, such as his use of decoration! painting of buildings, forms, materials, etc. This goes beyond mere image-making: itis the transfer and transformation of ideas from one context to another. Cidade de Goa, realty and illusion through pamnng and colour. The hotels with which Correa's office has been involved have been small to mid-sized structures situated in locations that call for a definite attitude to view, atmosphere and climate. The sizes and sittings were signifi. cant as they gave the architect a greater freedom in which to realise his ideas. Addi- tionally, he was dealing with the upper economic brackels and could cater to more re— fined tastes and indulge himself in some play— fullness. In Correa’s Early Works his dedication to expressing form, materials, climate and one major concept per building in general led him to use concrete, brick, and other materials in their unadorned state. As time went on, he began to work with colour and Kasturba Samadhi, platforms and views creating texture; and in this he was significantly inf- tuenced by his wife Monika, an artist in her own right, who is a textile designer and weaver. As Correa remembers: She helped with the interiors of some of the work, in. particular the KuNlils at the Kovalam Beach development. And also of course Cicada de Goa and Bay Island Hotel. She also helped me in the use Of colour. | had always felt e Corbusier's primary palette (red, blue, green, yellow, etc.) abit too simplistic and crude — especially in contrast to what | could see all around me in India — but | didn'tknow how to bring these other values into architecture. Understanding Monika's interest in textiles and weaving helped a great deal in making a breakthrough''.1 And it was Indeed ——> E3 GeROOMS AND SUITES Soothing décor, warm aesthetic, and graceul elogance. Natural richness in every amenity, every detail, Spoil yourself in Indian opulence found only at The Leela Kovalam. Choose from a variety of suites and rooms, Each offers exquisite amenities with inspiring views, THE CLUB Excusivefacaties an seas incungpesonatced butlers, prise launge and ding access ard stunning Soa views, [two besroom se hing beach-A land af acl Hopes! erchlecue and eaarparty ede maxos saa at bade th soparaalivng com ding ares rama sted on a rok Iago wth pte sun doc ee il poe or eh ay aaa = fom and private bloat on ae aval wi an pul bacon ups ooking ou ‘ve the Aeban Sa, The ate comes wi exclusive acess ote ing, opa and tines cet, fh pa ot anova an xc awe tle te i an ean ey po S12 se Room, The era spac taken up wih expanded werk space, ve-featre daylight bathrooms and pital ay kun na space, open sting Each auto Spat at The Leela Dl ey eH ohh ; Kovaiam Gib an exci tlio, andre ote gym an ean niyo “Comply a ty at cnn ny Useaton: Te tof comet and serves, Each oom s equipped vt a tockox pra bar, pasma TY, DVD and WEF rong ast of era. The ‘lor lang, tisk entronant High fassonal wow snore Sra ayo oxo parle pte witinarhole Roar ae 386 guar oot, package. Each Cl Room spa of The wa Kovalam Cu, tex ‘eaten The Cb View: Ocean ee ena‘THE ROYAL clus: President Suite ‘auEsT ROOMS. theca thecaROOMS BEACH VIEW ‘Getaway trom tal in acf-op room wth private balcony overlooking the Arabian sea inside the tation Kerala décor is complimented by modern Turishings ard a hgh evel of equipment inclucing Wi-F. Size: 485 square fet Location: Main Block View: Beach GARDEN ViEW The ullmate in pivacy an feaxaion, These rooms ave located onthe beach level and aze separate fom the main block Private sun decks open to manicured las laaing toa shor walk to the beach, Each room is equipped wih a stocked prvata bar, Wi-Fi and ait of Size: 474 square oot LLscaton: Near the beac! THE BAR The view here ls out over the pool to the beach and beyond ‘making the ight filed bar @ natural meeting place. Ask the barman to create a cocktal just for you. Then you'll be famous. ‘SPA’ SALON The Divya Spa isan exrsorsnary building eccunying 8000 square fest right on the cif op. Divya taf means ight” and ight that dletines and inspires everything here from the rootop yoga paviin tothe ews rm te Weatment rooms. The primary focus af the spa ie on Ayurveda treatments with 3 doctors and 20 therapists. The experiance fs personal and unique. Medicinal plants come fresh from the spa fenhoues, Amenties are world class andthe range of iestmentsextonave, \iuciccece cerca 7Dining THE TERRACE “The Terrace sits between sea and sky opposite the inity pool. offers a 24-hour butfet service. Fil our plate with the best of Asian, European, Indian and authentic Kerala speciates. Dine indoors or out, Savour the experience THE SKYBAR The aptly name Sky Baris perched on the cif top, making tone the great locations along the coast to watch the sun set, International tapas and an exhaustive drinks liste wil get the tone for your evening THE TH The open air, a thatched roof and a fresh seafood gril make eating by the beach a breeze, The food Is pan-Asian and the setting is unique, Ask about the catch ofthe day. THE CAFE AT THE CLUB This exclusive all-day restaurantis where residents of The Club at The Leela Kovalam, can take in a hast of Criental, Continental and Indian delights while also sampling authentic Kerala cuisine. And ifthe modern Interiors arent your cup of ea, you can always dine al fresco in one of the intimate gazebos perched on the ctf.FORTUNE RESORT - The Bay Island hotel Port Bair, Andaman Islands Architect-Charles Correa Port Blair, with its deep-blue water harbour is the main town of the [Andaman Islands which lie to the south-west of Rangoon in the Bay of Bengal. The islands are inhabited by 2 numberof different tribes, many of whom have had little contact wit the out- side world. The Andamans are a world of primordial beauty, of whales and robber crabs; a throwback tothe time and voyages of Charles Darwin, The site forthe hotel slopes down to the sea from Which there is a prevaling breeze. In ‘many parts of India one finds structures which are extraordinarily inventive in their response to prevailing breezes and light. For instance, in the one- thousand year old Pad- manabhapuram Palace, bult in the hot humid climate ‘of Southern India, the royal pavilion floor is built asa stepped pyramid covered by atled pitched root. This con- figuration has two advantages; it does not need any enclosing walls to keep out the sun and rain, and from Within the pavilion the line of vsion is both unobstructed and deflected downwards to the cool grass around the building ‘This principle helped generate the design ofthe Bay island Hotel Built up ofa series of spaces which overlook grassy land and the sea, the buildings are arranged around court- yards connected by covered corridor. The public areas form a series of decks, cascading. down the hil protected from sun and rin by the large overhanging roofs — a major feature of the scheme. The roofs are constructed of a local redwood known as padauk. The {guest rooms are in clusters oftwelve arranged in an L-shape on two levels, Biving each room a view of the waters. The lightweight furnishings with thelr playful imagery were designed by the architects, The murals were executed by Bhiandkar, the film-poster painter who was also responsible for the paintings inthe Cidade de Goa project. The hotel can accommodate a total of 100 {ests in $0 rooms with space for expansion. The project was commissioned bby Mr, Caseem Jadwet and the Indian Tourism Corporation (ITC) in 1979 and construction completed in 1982. EEE‘Sesion of Padma Pale ogee, “Type Nie lage Coon and il ii oralena a) ca2.2.2, SECONDARY STUDY Bahamas Resort “Honeycomb” ‘Architects: BIG, HKS, Michael Diggs Architects Executive Architect: Michael Diggiss Architects (MDA) Client; Tavistock Group / New Valley Lic Developer: Howard M. Lorber, Tavistock Group, ‘Area: 175000.0 ft2 Reference: BIG, The New York Times BIG has released plans, alongside collaborators HKS and Michael Diggiss Architects of a luxury, mid-rise condominium at the Albany ‘Bahamas resort, Located on the south coast of New Providence Island, “The Honeycomb" will offer 34, 3,000 to 8,000 square foot, ‘partments, each complete witha private outdoor pool and summer kitchen integrated into the structure's hexagonal-shaped facade. “Our design s driven by an effort to maximize the enjoyment of the abundant natural qualities of Albany in The Bahamas: the landscape, the sea and the sun," described Bjarke Ingels. “A honeycomb facade functionally supports the pools making them sinkinto the terrace floor and provides spectacular sight lines| \while maintaining privacy for each residence. Drawing Inspiration from its coastal setting, the hexagonal design evokes the natural geometries you find in certain coral formations or hhoneycombs.‘The 175,000 square foot structure will join a triad of condominiums overlooking the resort's marina. On the ground level, high-end retal is expected to activate a public plaza, whose subtle topography willbe informed by the Honeycomb’s geometric facade, Raised hexagons will be ‘transformed into green mounds and integrated seating, while various fountains, located between pathways of hexagonal pavers, supply a network of creeks which feed a shallow pond at the plaza’s center. ‘The facade’s hexagonal pattern frames views across the Island, while balconies not only offer external recreational space, but also provide summer kitchens and pools, ‘overlooking the marina, at ground level the patterned elevation merges into the square, establishing continuous and subtle topography. the hexagonal forms are continued ‘throughout the landscaping which includes green mounds, palm trees and seating. a shallow ponds formed at the ‘center of the plaza and is fed by fountains and creeks scattered across the open expanse.‘wen notin seer iagescal events ne propose toate‘Thebes fo a pnberef dito: apse sas eta ‘Seed sending lee sea Theses eget 2b ee ‘The residences inthe building offer a variety of floorplans that will suit the diverse lifestyles of its tenants. The residential lobby and high-end retail wll activate the public plaza, A gol cart parking and storage units are oriented towards the parking lot on the north, in close proximity to Albany's championship gol course. oa a a 7satcoues sie “Ts takonis ae aed san oft othe oh side prodtng ‘Th eth comarca the Man Renee nse sews and shade The tagging paren was crate ap Siectycnrctetathe za oneo! haar ale spcs ane ‘am whch 3 dome tow elton, levee becky sate an fe Abs (On the ground level, the facade pattern melts into the pavement of the plaza, creating a subtle topography on the square, Along the ledge, various hexagons transform into green mounds with plants, palm trees, and integrated seating, The center of the square is formed bya shallow pond, which is fed by fountains scattered around the plaza, and a network of small creeks between the hexagonal pavers. a aluris Relax Hotel Resort Firms LOVE architecture and urbanism Location The Slovak Republic ‘Area 45,000 m2 ‘SURROUNDING AREA ‘rom the project area on the ill its easy to view the most important spots in the area of Piest any. the lake view inthe south {and the view to the mountains in the west give the project area a very valuable orientation. forthe relaxation part there is a direct ‘atblty to the old core of Pest any as well 2s othe spa iland. the ia location and orientation of every building in this project is intended ‘to support the visible connection to the mentioned spots. lUcbanism: The Green Islands In our opinion the site of the “lurs Relax Hotel & Resort” should become 2 stcongly recognizable urban pattern of various, interconnected identities with an intensive focus on landscape and recreational qualities. in order to realize ths intention, green islands with various characters will be scattered all over the site. altogether the islands and their spaces in between) are creating a viorant patter of interrelated qualities. the scale ofthe pattern sxpresses perfectly the location ofthe site between a city and the surrounding environment. each island defines a building area witha certain program, utilization and density. orientation and navigation throughout the area makes traffic flow effortless. further our urban pattern isa remarkable eye catcher which supports the marketing ofthe development Sraroom types double rooms oe Sabet Son be le family rooms suites me a detcone sees ne cone. srgmninenre lee bang depth 27307, connacadioona, ewe “ 2pesone Bara = 52. the AquaDome Access Road (PUBLIC). this road leads directly to the parking lot ofthe aqua dome. so the dally visitors never touch ‘the resort area. the location of the parking lot and the ADAR allows an easy connection of the traffic with the future access from the planned bypass. ZiEntrance level plan car traffic & parking ‘there ae three diferent road types leading through the istand pattern: 4. the new main road (PUBLIC) which connects Piest any with the new residential area in the west. it passes the resort at its borders.-eco villa colorcode Jocation toppings ~— = 3, the resort road (PRIVATE), this road leads, toll parts ofthe resort. I's private and secure/quiet. the hotel has a parking garage, parking ots forthe cottages are located on the edges ofthe lodge islands. Flexible Building Phases ‘The patternis characterized by an ‘extraordinary flexibility concerning building phases and realization steps. so the islands ‘can be built all at once orn several exible steps. these phases ~and their content ~ ‘can be established as the development = ‘demands ata certain moment. each phase performs perfectly on its own (regarding seyennn) urbanism, trafficand infrastructure) and ‘each upcoming island can easly be attached tothe existing patternProject info: Vernacular Sanya West Resort "Name: Sanya West islet Club Med Resort an ' Z os =o Nace EH Location: Sanya West islet, Hainan, China Duration: 2012-2013, 350 Guest Rooms: 23408 Sqm las: 18900 Sqm ie Areas: 102579 Sam Supporting Facilities: 2290 Sam framed by a set of artificial lagoons, the ‘anya west islet cub med resort’ by intemationalfirm, AS architecture studio orientatesits spaces around the Surrounding water system. rinterpreting local fishermen villages, the holiday destination i located ‘on sanya west islet, hainan china, where itforms a continuum between the seafront ands ‘hinterland connecting the guest rooms and vila othe village center thee different elements are fused together, forming a hybrid area that consists of mixing lagoons, swimming pools, pedestrian spaces and public facility ‘shells. the maze of guestrooms is structured by a network of curved walls, producing a sense ofboth density and intimacy. their layout helps to guide the circulation paths, frame views, foster mystery and surprise, while shaping several intermediary collective spaces dedicated to community ie EEEsocial interactions also encouraged as the accommodation Units are clustered into tight groups of five to eight, with each ofthe villas containing circular courtyards that enclose thelr own natural pool the internal ving spaces ‘make a thick border that surrounds a private ecosystem, With the envelope made of thousands of thin aluminum |) scales to modulate light, views and privacy. an in-between, pedestrian maze is created by the dense accumulation of villas, voiding any obvious perspective or hierarchy. 00 a a hl LEI T ‘The Sea Front ees ena‘Section: Cluster OF Guest RoomsZim2.2.3. CONCEPTUAL STUDY AERODYNAMIC ARCHITECTURE - Case study Resi eaireir ona are cexrne CHENGDU CONTEMPORARY ART CENTRE [CHENGDU, CHINA] FIRM: Zaha Hadid Architects Zaha Hadid Architects have unveiled their design forthe largest ‘cultural building in China, to be located in Chengduin Sichuan Province, ‘The Chengdu Contemporary Art Centre wil comprise three auditoria, an art museum, exhibition space and conference ‘centre, plus restaurants, bars and shops. ‘The facade will be covered in crss-crossng louvres to provide shade from the sun, ‘The result ofan international design competition in 2007, ‘Chengdu Contemporary Art Centre will be anew cultural destination for Sichuan Province and will provide Chengdu with an unprecedented collection of world-class arts, performance, leisure, and congress venues‘The architectural concept has been developed in response to articulate the client's programme and the urban parameters. CCAC thereby forms a graceful, iconic landmark forthe city of Chengdu. (Our proposal for the 140,000m2 landscape area ‘eamplements the exhibition building and creates 2 ‘welcoming public realm within a difuse and peripheral surrounding. Our proposal forthe new Chengdu Contemporary Art Centre's a unique structure with a strong sense of identity and character. From afar, tis highly ‘identifiable and offers a strong image and orientation. ‘The concept for CCAC isto se the most advanced architectural and engineering technologies in response to the brief, to create a visually striking new landmark that wil ‘act asa gateway tothe city, With its informal atmosphere ‘and unrivalled views out across the landscaping, CCAC should become one ofthe city’s great socal spaces as well 35a regional cultural centre of international standing.pgucicoe oeenafea i eee) THE PROGRAMME eRe eer heh ates Bree US TIONS & UNDERSTANDINGS te3.1, INTRODUCTION TO THE PROGRAMME ‘SCOPE,OBJECTIVES AND NEED IDENTIFICATION SCOPE: The research deals with the case studies and the construction principles and the design techniques involved in the construction Industry which can be adoptable to indian context. OBJECTIVES: In this research the main concept and conclusion is to derive the basic and sufficient principles that can be executed into the construction industry where several strategies and methods are available but there is a severe lag of enforcement. NEED IDENTIFICATION: ‘+ About 5700 km. ofthe countrys coast of 7516 Km exposed to severe cyclones. Area prone to cyclones is 8.5% ofthe total area of the country. + Average no. of cyclones forming in the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea is 5-6 of which 2-3 cross the Indian Coast every year. + East Coast is more prone than West Coast, the ratio being 4:1 + Super Cyclone of Orissa Oct, 1999 was severe followed by several instances of cyclones including Cyclone Alain 2009 and Cyclone Laita 2011" rea3.2. AREA PROGRAMME HOTEL AREASg.M NUMBER |[TOTALAREA pers. Sq.Mt ENTRANCE LOBBY 100100] 1 100 |LOBBY/VESTIBULE 50| 50) al 100 RECEPTION. 5 10 1 10 [ADMIN 25 3 75 JRESTAURANT-2 100) 250} 2 500 JRESTAURANT-3. 100 150) | 450 CONFERENCE HALLS 150) 50| 2 100 ICONFERENCE HALLS 200} 100] 2 200LONGUE, 100 150] a 300 PRESIDENTIAL SUITE 10| 2 [SUITE -1 2 80| 100 8000 ISUITE-2 4 100] 50 5000) COTTAGE - 1 2 80} 9600) [COTTAGE - 2 4 100] 8000 HOUSE KEEPING 30 FLOOR(15) 450 BOAT HOUSE/DIVING 50| 2 110} WIND MILL ROOM 2 100 200) MISCLINIOUS: 1 1000 1000) aaa Sed 7ADMINISTRATION (GROUND FLOOR => LINKAGE DIAGRAM FOR KITCHEN. ENTRY FOR RAW MATERIAL oust ‘Reception + back eurnanee office fi RECEIVING DECK BASEMENT(-1) : ‘CEO, CFO, marketing, sales, , MATERIAL banquet operations ¢ rt PURCHASE OFFICE sar BASEMENT(-2) : LIQUOR STORE timmanee | | HR department, accounts, f GG AND fe ! Fests i o | [Seavice ur] srone J | ef sewice urns BASEMENT(-3): (integrated with kitchen) MAIN KITCHEN Engineering department, ‘SERVICE LIFT 2 ivanstinn (integrated with kitchen) | | SARBAGE [GARBAGE TAKE AWAY] |ROOM his flowchart explains the horizontal linkage between the receiving of food material till the main kitchen he service lifts are used for horizontal circulatLINKAGE DIAGRAM FOR KITCHEN LINKAGE DIAGRAM FOR HOPUSEKEEPING — ([Seavicecrcuiarion | roo SERVICE GRCUIATION | roomsenvice [eanauerwaus | [LAUNORY [stom | GaRanGE TARE AWAY feancc oro,AREA PROGRAM of halls SPACE AREA wsa, (METRES) ‘CONVENTION CENTER ‘BANQUET HALL NOS S00P 110022 PP) [BANQUET HALL 21NOS 100° 220(22°P) 'BUSINESS CENTRE2 NOS SOP 2002 PP) PARTY ROOMS 2 NOS 50P| 100 (2 PF) ‘RECEPTION AND LOBBY {640 (309% oF all {includes lounge area, circulation) | 2*€3) ‘SHOPPING ARCADES, 100 (2%0F GR) {shops 10 in ne. and includes loading and unioadng area) ‘WASHROOMS, 250 10%) {for convention center and administration) AREA PROGRAM of services {KITCHEN STORES PANTRIES: ‘SERVICES "ADMINISTRATION "sen (GENERAL RESET ROT NANA CONTROLLER CHEF ACCOUNTS, PERSONNEL F 2 BAUR ROOM, SALESDEPT®, F&BDEPT*, NIGHT TOTAL AREA rea AREA (wsamernes) 1000 (cox oF wun nea) 500 (50% oF rca 170 jos oF a. 900 35% oF HatFunctional Organization: Ground Floor —— ‘senvice AREA eruce Terrace [aT ine sense] | STAIRCASE FRONT OFFICE Functional Organization Ber sare erosit | -sHoRPING TeRnact ALLDAY * i INING/BAR TOWETS mecper voor} susnesscenme T mn re te — Toe a Te ] Doues =a Pe RECEPTION sence oasy|_[" urriosey TS & as comer |e se] Te cowrnene T foo SCANNER, ee sevice comno08Project Title: Beach resort (Hotel) and Commercial complex with port area development. Site Area: Plot Area for Hotel = 205800sq Mt Major Programme component = Beach resort Current Far= 1.5 Total built up area = FAR x Site Area Hotel built up area = 1.5 X 205800 =308700 SQ.MTS HOTEL SINGLE =: normal suite DOUBLE normal suite FAMILY (2+): normal suite Cottages normal suite ‘Common Areas Gym, reception, admin, lobby, parking, restaurants, toilets, bar, dining, exhibition area (gallery), ‘Swimming pool common, also separate pools at intermediate levels, Back of house, kitchen, service quarters etc. ge a1. BACKGROUND DISASTER, AA disaster is the impact of natural or man-made hazards that negatively affects society or environment. The Word disaster's root is from astrology: this implies that when the stars are in a bad position, a bad event will happen. Disasters occur when hazards strike in vulnerable areas. Hazards that occur in areas with low vulnerability do not result in a disaster, as is the case in uninhabited regions. Itis often argued that all disasters are man-made, because human actions before the strike of the hazard can prevent it developing into a disaster. Hazards are routinely divided into natural or man- made, although complex disasters, where there is no single root cause, are more common in developing countries. A specific disaster may spawn a secondary disaster that increases the impact. A classic example is an earthquake that causes a tsunami, resulting in coastal flooding. What is Disaster? Disaster is a sudden, calamitous event bringing great damage, loss, destruction and devastation to life and property. The damage caused by disasters is immeasurable and varies with the geographical location, climate and the type of the earth surface/degree of vulnerabilty. This influences the mental, socio-economic, political and cultural state of the affected area, Generally, disaster has the following effects in the concerned areas: 4. It completely disrupts the normal day to day life. 2. Itnegatively influences the emergency systems. 3. Normal needs and processes like food, shelter, health, etc. are affected and deteriorate depending on the intensity and severly of the disaster. Cyclones have a major detrimental impact on the economy of the coastal region of INDIA especially shorelines adjacent to the Bay of Bengal. Cyclones are endemic to the regions of Norther Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Bengal and Certain regions of Tamil Nadu. The impact of cyclones is directly fet by the building and a number of deaths which occur during cyclone occur due to building failure This study stems from a personal experience invading a firsthand exposure to the wrath of cyclones which involved ramatic scene where in my own out house which was a temporary structure got completely damaged and led to a huge economic loss. The incident mentioned raised a concem regarding the architecture measure which could be in-corporated in order to reduce the impact of cyclones on buildings, ee aa elIn Visakhapatnam there are many hotels along the sea shore but none of them could give a clear view of sea as there is a limitation of road and the structural systems By the site location both the problems could be avoided and it could a full experience of sea for the customer. Coming to the connectivity the naval quarters don’t have proper entertainment complex and they have to travel approximately 15 kms to come into city for some shopping or watching a movie. In this proposal | am reducing the distance and merging the isolated naval quarters into present city without disturbing its privacy. {As The Location And Neeeds Are Considered The Research Continues With Beach Resorts hotels,types Of Hotels,rooms activities, [And Apart From All These The Hatel Should Be Sustainable And Cyclone Resistant. For Achieveing These Factors The Study Should Contain Different Types Of Construction And Structure Principles Materials Used. Techniques Used Ola\traditional Methods)/New(modern Methods). About the re development : Visakhapatnam is the natural harbor which got created by its own tidal movement so there is a need to preserve that and rectify the existing problems to give a better living for port people. By developing the harbor the life standards of port are could become much better also with the implementation of Hotel. Here by the programme follows by designing Beach HOTEL and RESORT study. esearch Area: “Types of hotels -Restaurants, Coffee Shops Syperok sects “Rooms/Suites, Restrooms and Persona space -Beach Hotel Requirements Tenace netsh PROGRAMME “Safe ot a “Mew development COMPONENTS Ee ack “Entertainment Zone -Facade treatment “Auditorium “Mult Usage of Spaces “Conference Has “Common spaces “SP, GYM and BAR “Mater “Suing pools ere ec [eefe Nia ed aes Pee Peasy Pieces ae4.1. CITY HISTORY state Region District Named for area Total Elevation Population (2013) Total aoe factories. * Official snc) ae a ee ‘Average low CF) come |) my | ma ee kam rear 3 ese a a ay a Precpreon mm pmenest ny won an ‘Andhra Pradesh Coastal Andhra Visakhapatnam Vigokna 681.96 km’ (263.31 5 ami) 5m (a6 ft) 29.91,811, {consus 2,013) 17th 2,537.28/km" Vizagite Telugu Sa Wa tere re trovi o ~ > ibbatienaeddeenneeei bended calHISTORY VISAKHAPATNAM is a port city on the southeast coast of india and often called "The Jewel of the East Coast. \With a population of 21,90,000 and occupying 681.96 square kilometre. It isthe administrative headquarters of Visakhapatnam District ands also home ofthe Eastern Naval Command of the Indian Navy Visakhapatnam is located 625 kilometres east of the state capital, Hyderabad. Itis primarily an industrial city, apart from being a port ity Its also home to the Eastern Naval Command, ‘According to the history, the city was named after the god of Valor. Vishakha. It was apart of the Kalinga Kingdom, under Ashoka's rule in 260 BC. i passed om later to the Andhra Kings of Vengi. After this Pallava, Chola and Ganga dynasties ruled the city the 25th century, \Vishakhapatnam became a part ofthe Vijayanagar Empire, ‘The city is home to several state-owned heavy industries and a stee! plant; it is one of India's largest seaports and has the country's ‘oldest shipyard, Visakhapatnam has the only natural harbour on the ‘east coast of india Is nestled among the hils ofthe Eastern Ghats ‘and faces the Bay of Bengal on the east. Visakhapatnam s the ‘administrative headquarters of Visakhapatnam district and headquarters ofthe Eastern Naval Command of the Indian Navy. sakhapatnam HLL Pat al ees Eo ad4.2. SITE STUDY Vishakhapatnam (Andhra Pradesh) East GodavariPRES ase COMMERCIAL VEGETATION ira Prone IILOCATION: Naa SITE INFORMATION: Rete nun onicZielINTRODUCTION: [AS VISAKHAPATNAM (VIZAG) IS WELL KNOWN FOR ITS STEEL PLANT AND HARBOR WHICH MAKES FTA GOOD LOCATION FOR IMPORTS AND EXPORTS. [AND COMING TO PRESENT SCENARIO OF IMPORTS AND EXPORTS THERE IS A HUGE SCOPE FOR DEVELOPING IT INTO A NEXT FUTURE METROPOLITAN CITY, sive THE SELECTED SITE IS A FAMOUS HILL TOP THE MINOR PORT IS NOT WELL DEVOLOPED THE HABBOUR IS NOT PROPERLY CONNECTES TO THE CITY THE THREE RELIGIOUS CENTERS AND THE BEACH SHORE MAKE A GOOD LOCATION FOR A HIGH RAISE HOTEL WITH ENTERTAINMENT COMMERCIAL COMPLEX WHICH ENRICHES THE QUALITY OF SURROUNDINGS AND CONNECTIVITY. ieee elITE PHOTOGRAPHS _& DRAWINGS eo ea a>> libeiisliealleeeNeeieseucall eal> eeSEA Oe ene Coles kaely Weed 20.58 HECTARES were) Sn Bucy asta} OWA das Ta U NU ae neva PEERS wsfea 0 eae) aaa esd Eee ee W Retain Beats ENT FINAL SHEETS Moga ty Cease OP ziSTRENGTHS High Altitude Sea shore Plenty vegetation Contours Ventilation Stable ground Secured location Peaceful environment Un interrupted view of beach SWOT ANALYSIS- DETERMINANTS 5.1.1.SWOT ANALYSIS OF SITE S W WEAKNESSES | BEM | Weatnesses Teohihtereeh —— ossuerunmes | Not permittedto go Cangive complete | above somts experience of beach Shpedine a Cee a creation new trend Diffeuitto deat with in tourism contours TaRears Greatly inneed as Accessibilty needto the new tate ‘yctone prone area be developed formed Reduce the travelling distance from naval TOTAL BUILT UP AREA=80000 SQM approx 27.5% OF GROUND COVER iii5.1.2. DETERMINANTS. OBJECTIVES |) To meet the individual requirements of the tourists ie. Tranquility, contact wih nature, seclusion and privacy. 2) To provide a different experience for city and town dwellers for whom, holidays essentially mean an escape from the Urban conditions, high densities, pollution and routine lives, This can be achieved by pro- viding a refreshing experience of contrasts by way of:- Quietness. change of pace, relaxation Change in activities - sports and recreation Human scale Contact with people outside working or do- mestic circle, 3) To create an attractive touristimage by way of = ENVIRONMENTAL INTEGRATION: With a tobe dued rather than strongly profiled, dominating buildings that tend to cantradic the surroundings so as to merge with the scale of the surroundings and landscapes, and there- fore, provide maximum contact nature - visual, in the form of views ofthe surroundings, as well as physical, in the form of trees, flowers, natural landscapes etc, GROUPING OF ACTIVITIES: Recreational activities ae not tobe segregated into isolated pockets but are to be assembled in a way that allows some degree of contact between related zones of recreation - a spill- over of excitement and interest from one zone to the other, However, the overall recreational area is not to be monotonous and conflict between diferent interest zones isto be avoided, Hence, the overall image is intended to be that of Sheltered Domestcity - along 50 a5 to have comfortable, homelike quarters for longer stays. enic value, that the place has, the scale and character of the buildings is ‘exposed natural materials in a garden setting5.2, DESIGN DEVOLOPMENT CONCEPT Hotel Block Catering to casual visitors To attract the tourists towards the restaurant and the hotel this block has been placed at the center of the site on a flat contour ands three storey high so that itis unmistakably seen A conference hall catering to high level meetings of USP govt. or the Army or for functions of the defense officers (Rambhat being an army town) has an independent access from outside to avoid penetration within the complex and avoid conflict with the private areas. coffee shop accessible from outside will cater to outsiders The dining hall a more private space has been provided on the lower floor with a spill over The bed rooms are on the lower two floors all the rooms have north with orientation, They have a spill over space facing south and have views of both sides All the rooms have views of the north and south. Residential cottages ‘They have boon placed to one side ofthe hotel on o lower level so as to have on unobstructed view of the valley and a private open space of their own "They are north south oriented Cottages are such which can get combine for larger families RECREATIONS AREAS ‘Tobe used only tv the guests. Provided on the too most floor along with dormitories so as to combine the noisy area SERVICE BLOCK Separate entrance is provided for the service the hotel bock where the servicing whole complex is doneAina5.3. FINAL SHEETS Tee a Ga a. _205,80050.MT.“Fermssible FAR = 0 Pa 2058 NECTARES roTAL peaMSSIDLE BULTUP = — SOBACRES Anza 82520 5a tt SWOT ANALYSIS OF SITE ue aca GaROOFING TREATMENT -BIO PHOTO VOLTAIC PANELS[ADMINISTRATION [TOTAL AREArea ese raBrera SE Seen oe ic aca) aeS o EI 3 Fe] i im i i a ary ct a fa to) eee errCONCLUSIONS FROM JURY After jury the conclusions were different in different perspective. Hotels lke this can be done but should think of the need in the locati We should observe the impact it creates in the precinct, The project was good for the experimental basis and for the locations like Las Vegas. But the traditions and culture should be taken in details while design. My idea of this project is to give the foreigners and as well as Indians a whole experience of international standards resort hotel within Indian traditions and sustainability.so that to prove that great hotels can be built in India with enough money which are equivalent or may be better than the existing great hotels. I believe I have Succeeded In mart of the design. THANK YOU. RAJESH KUPPILI rajeshkuppili999@gmail.com rea caLIST OF FIGURES: Figure 2.1, Zha hadid Architects Figure 2.2, CRA ,Ankush Agarwal Figure 2.3 | CRBA Ankush Agarwal Figure 2.4, CRBA ,Ankush Agarwal. Figure 25, CRBA ,Ankush Agarwal Figure 2.6, CRBA ,Ankush Agarwal. Figuee 2.7, CRBA ,Ankush Agarwal Figure 2.8, CRBA ,Ankush Agarwal. Figure 2.9, CRBA Ankush Agarwal Figure 2.10, CRBA Ankush Agarwal Figure 2.11, CRBA Ankush Agarwal Figure 2.12, CRBA Ankush Agarwal... Figure 2.13, CRBA Ankush Agarwal... Figure 2.14 Parametric design Figure 2.15, Parametric design Figure 2.16, Parametric design Figure 2.17, Parametric design. Figure 2.18, Parametric design. Figure 2.19, Design boom, Figure 2.20, Design boom Figure 2.21, Design boom Figure 2.22, Design boom eee a [=]REFERANCES AND BIBILOGRAPHY 4. American Society of Gil Engineers. 2005, "ASCE 7-05 Standard Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures". Reston, Virginia 2. Boggs, DW, and A. Peterka, 1989, “Aerodynamic model tests of tall bulldings". Journal of Engineering Mechanics. 115 (3), 618-635. 3. Brazil A, LM. Joseph, D. Poon, and T. Scarangelo. 2006. “Designing High Rises for Wind Performance”, ASCE: Structures Congress 2008. 4. Breukelman, 8, and Haskett, T; (2001). "Good Vibrations", Civil Engineering, ASCE: Dec. 2001, 5. Browne, M. Suresh Kumar, K. 2008, "Effect of Corner Balconies on Wind-Induced Response of Tall Building Conference on Wind Engineering. Baton Rouge, Louisiana 6. Chan CM, JL Chu, and MLE Huang. 2008. “integrated Aerodynamic Load Determination and Stifness Design Optimization of Tall Buildings’. Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings. 18, 59-80. 7. Chen, X,, and A. Kareem, (2005). "Validity of Wind Load Distribution based on High Frequency Force Balance Measurements”. Journal ‘of Structural Engineering, June 2005, 984-987, 8, Chen, X,, and A. Kareem, (2005B). "Dynamic Wind Effects of Buildings with 3D Coupled Modes: Application on High Frequency Force Balance Measurements’ Journal of Engineering Mechanics. November 2005, 1115-1125, 8. Dutton, Rand N. Isyumov. 1980. "Reduction of Tall Building Motion by Aerodynamic Treatments". Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial 23, Tschan2, T, and A. G. Davenport. 1983. "The Base Balance Technique forthe Determination of DynamicWind Loads” Journal of Wind Engineering and industrial Aerodynamics. 13, 429-428, 10. Xie, 1, and PA Irwin. 1998. "Application of Force Balance Technique to a Building Complex’. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industral Aerodynamics. 77878, 579-590. 41. Zhou, Y, T Kijewsk, and A. Kareem. 2003. “Aerodynamic Loads on Tall Buildings: Interactive Data base". Journal of Structural Engineering. ASCE: March 2006, 384-404. Davenport, The response of super tall buildings to wind, second century of the skyscraper, council of tal buildings and urban habitat, 1988, pp. 705-725. 12. Karim A. Mitigation of Wind induced motion of tal building, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 11(1983) 273- a4, 13. Kwok KCS, Bailey PA. Aerodynamic devices for tall building and structures, Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE, No.4, 111(1987)349-65. 14, Kwok KCS. Effects of building shape on wind-induced response of tall buildings, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial ‘Aerodynamics, 28(1988) 381-80. 15. Kwok KCS, Wilhelm PA, and Wikie BG. Effect of edge configuration on windinduced response of tall bulldings, Engineering Structure, 410(1988) ‘The 20th Americas eee a a 7416. BanavalkarP. Structural systems to improve wind induced dynamic performance of high rise bulldings, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 36(1980) 213-24, 117, Banavalkar PV, N lyumov. Tuned Mass Damping System to Control Wind-Induced Accelerations of Washington National Airport Air Traffic Control Tower, Proceedings of Structural Engineers World Congress, an Francisco, CD-ROM: T179-2, 1998, 418, Housner GW. et al. Structural control: past, present and future, special issue of journal of engineering mechanics, No. 9, 123(1997) 897-971, 418, 2drakovich MM. Review and classification of various aerodynamic and hydrodynamic means of suppressing vortex shedding, HRSTIENES LEER EBRPSE AR ISOS E SUAS LCR LEER SRE eso in-the-bahamasy ‘ttp//wormarchdallycom/471320/big-urvels-honeycomb-centerpiece-for-bahamas-esort/ http: /en.Starch.com/2014/01/20723-iuris-relaxchotel-resort/ http:/www.dezeen.com/2010/11/15/chengdu-contemporary-at-centre-by-zaha-hadid-arcitects/ http://www. designboom.com/technology/bio-photovotaic panel/ ‘Acadamy, Fh. (2010). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved october 2012, from National Weather Service: ‘http://www. nhc:noaa.gov/aboutnames.shtm! “Agrawal, A. (2007). Cycione Resistant Building Architecture, ‘Authority N.O. (2010). National Cylone Risk Mitigation Project. Retrieved August 2012, from National Cyelone Rsk Mitigation Project {(NCRMP}: htep://nermp.gouin/nermp/Cyclone_Impact.html rN. Bhandr,Dr-Prem Krishna, rkrishen Kumar. (2008). Wind Storms , Damage and Guidelines for Mitigative Measures. Roorkee: ITK-GSOMA ‘DW-

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