Lec.:12 Crown&bridge ‫ثناء غني السعيدي‬.

‫د‬

Evaluation (Try in) &Cementation

After removing the provisional crown & clean the tooth .evaluation (try
in) of the F.D.P is recommended before cementation.
Evaluation consists of the following sequence:
1. Proximal contacts.
2. Marginal integrity.
3. Stability.
4. Occlusion.
5. Shade.

1. The proximal contact area: place the crown or bridge on the

tooth with firm finger pressure, the proper contact area should have a
slight resistance to the passage of dental floss or by using articulating
paper (thin Mylar film).

Too heavy contact results in:

 In correct seating of the restoration which leads to a marginal
discrepancy
 Difficult flossing by the patient.
 Produce discomfort by exerting too much pressure on the adjacent
tooth.

The articulating paper tears before seating, the

location of tight contact can be adjusted with
cylindrical stone bur for ceramic restoration.
For full metal restoration, adjustment is done
using wheel rubber bur.

Note: If both proximal contacts feel too tight, adjust only the tighter
contact first…Sometimes this will relieve the pressure on the second
Contact without needing adjustment.
Deficient contact (Open contact)
result in:
 Food impaction, which cause
gingival problems& dental caries to
adjacent tooth. In addition it is
annoying to the patient.
 Drifting of the adjacent teeth
&affecting the patient occlusion.

Open proximal contact must be corrected

by:
 Ceramic → Adding additional
porcelain then firing.
 Full metal soldering.

2. Marginal integrity
Margin is the most critical area of the restoration, a complete fitness
between the restoration margin & F.L of the preparation.

The defective margin of the restoration might be:

a) Short margin(under extended): the margin is short of F.L. in

this case ,we should check:
 If there is too tight proximal contacts that prevent complete seating?
 The internal surface of the retainer if slight undercut in tooth surface
interfere with complete seating. It can be checked by indicator spray
or elastomeric paste similar to silicone imp. Material.

Marginal shortness of more than 0.5 mm (tip of the probe) necessitates

the repeat of the imp.
The interference is seen as a perforation in the
film of silicone material, which can be marked
with a colored pencil.

b) Long margin (over hang): margin beyond F.L. can be adjusted

carefully by cutting the excess from metal or ceramic.

c) Open margin: the margin within the F.L. but there is space
between it &the prepared tooth. this space leads to fluid
microleakage & possibility of secondary caries & luting
dissolution.
 Correction
o Metal→ burnishing depend on :i) The type of metal
(burnishable metal is gold). ii) Type of F.L. feather
edge & shoulder with bevel can be burnished.
o Ceramic → repeat the impression.

3. Stability:
The restoration should not rock or rotate when force is applied. Any
degree of instability is likely to cause failure during function.
 If instability is caused by a small positive nodule, this can usually
be corrected.
 if it is caused by distortion, however, a new casting is necessary.

4. Occlusion: using articulating paper in centric or eccentric

relation, remove the premature contact (high spot) with stone

bur and always checking the restoration thickness with metal

gauge to avoid perforation or over thinning of restoration.
 Intraoral occlusal adjustment

5. Shade: color mismatching restoration must return to the

laboratory to add the simulated stain then fired& glazed the
restoration.

Applying the stain

Drying of the stain in front of the furnace. After firing & glazing.
 Cementation
Retention of bridge is not the job of the luting agent, it just fill the
microspaces or gaps that presented at the inner surface of
restoration.

The mechanism of cementation the restoration can be divided

into:

Mechanical (non adhesive) luting: luting agent fill the

irregularities on the surfaces of both tooth& restoration. Ex; ZPC, ZOE
cement.
Molecular adhesion: involve chemical bonds & adherence with
metals in addition to bonding to enamel & dentin ( ex; zinc
Polycarboxylate cement, GIC).
Micromechanical bonding: the deep micro spaces or irregularities
on the tooth surface produced by acid etch on the metal by electrolyte
etching or chemical etching. resin cement is an example.

1. ZPC(zinc phosphate cement):

It the old traditional luting cement, highly acidic cause pulpal irritation,
provide only mechanical non adhesive. It can be used only for cast
restoration.

Working time: 3-5 m. setting time about: 10 m.

2. Zinc Polycarboxylate Cement:

It is more biocompatible than ZPC, it can be used for cast restoration.

because of chemical bonding to titanium, it is contraindicated when
cementing implant crowns on titanium abutments.
working time ≈ 2.5m. setting time: 6-9m.
3. Glass ionomer cement (GIC): Similar to zinc polycar. In adhesion ability &it
has higher mechanical properties, because it is more translucent than zinc
polycar. Can be used for porcelain labial margin restoration.

Working time ≈ 5 m . Setting time: 6-9 m .

4. Resin modified GIC: improving the properties of GIC (lower water

sorption,less post cementation sensitivity. Same use of GIC.

5. Adhesive Resins(composite cement):

Adhesive resin luting agents are indicated for all-ceramic and laboratory-
processed composite restorations. It also may be indicated when a casting
has become displaced through lack of retention

working time ≈ 2m. setting time: 5m.