The

Issue

03
Welding
Institute

2014

www.welding-and-cutting.info Technical journal for welding and allied processes

Best European Welding The flame-brazing of aluminium Grain structure in aluminium

Coordinator Award aims to is not difficult, but it is different to TIG welds
recognise the best professionals the brazing of other metals!
in the field
Bundled DVS Technical Codes in the area of
Electron Beam Welding | Adhesive Bonding Technology | Rail Vehicle Construction
English Edition Volume 8
DVS Technical Codes
on Electron Beam Welding
1st Edition, September 2013
52 Pages
Order No.: 180009
Price: 18.90 EUR
Selected Translations Elaborated by Working
Group V 9.1 “Electron Beam Welding” of the
Technical Committee of the German Welding
Society – DVS
The documents cover the topics of “welda-
bility of metallic materials”, “case hardening”,
“x-ray protection”, “recommendations for the
cleaning of the joining zone”, “test procedures
for the quality assurance” and “wedge speci-
men for the joining zone”, “test procedures for
the quality assurance” and “”wedge specimen
for the verification of electron beam welds” as
well as fundamental principle for the “designing
of components” and “utilization of non-vacuum
electron beam welding”.
The publication should help to work more effec-
tively by using EB technology and improving the
quality of your products and to strengthen the
competitiveness of your company.
Including DVS 3201, DVS 3204, DVS 3205,
DVS 3210, DVS 3212, DVS 3213, DVS 3220,
DVS 3221
DVS Media GmbH • Aachener Straße 172 • 40223 Düsseldorf
T +49. (0)2 11. 15 91-161 • F +49. (0)2 11. 15 91-250 • media@dvs-hg.de • www.dvs-media.info
English Edition Volume 5
DVS Technical Codes
on Adhesive Bonding Technology
1st Edition, September 2013
32 Pages
Order No.: 180006
Price: 12.90 EUR
Selected Translations Elaborated by Working
Group V 8 “Adhesive Bonding Technology”
of the Technical Committee of the German
Welding Society – DVS
Three of the most important sets of rules relating
to adhesive bonding technology are presented
in this brochure and, for the urgent needs of in-
dustry, have been created in the working bodies
dealing with adhesive bonding technology on
the Technical Committee of DVS.
Including DVS 3310, DVS 3311, DVS 3320-1
English Edition Volume 6
DVS Technical Codes
on Rail Vehicle Construction
1st Edition, September 2013
80 Pages
Order No.: 180007
Price: 25.90 EUR
Selected Translations Elaborated by Working
Group A 7 “Welding in Rail Vehicle Construc-
tion” of the Technical Committee of the German
Welding Society – DVS
The technical codes included in this publication
were elaborated with the objectives of contri-
buting to harmonization in relation to the dimen-
sioning of rail vehicles and of proposing a rele-
vant, integrated set of rules.
DVS 1608 “Design and strength assessment
of welded structures from aluminium alloys in
railway applications” and DVS 1612 “Design
and endurance strength assessment of weld-
ed joints with steels in rail vehicle construction”
include notes for the configuration and stipula-
tions for the designing of welded structures as
well as a compilation of welded structure details
which are essential for rail vehicle construction.
The technical codes specify in more concrete
terms the requirements included in the DIN EN
15085 series of European standards “Railway
applications – Welding of railway vehicles and
components” in order to define weld perfor-
mance classes taking account of strength and
safety requirements.
Including DVS 1608, DVS 1612
 EDITORIAL

Professional Membership:
Individual Registration
for Collective Compliance,
or “What‘s in it for the
Employer?”
Demonstrable competence is an increasing requirement in compliance with regulations, standards and
specifications. A lack of competence may be addressed through additional education, training or experience
but what is the appropriate course of action and how can its effectiveness be measured? In the welding
profession, many employees have been through the ‚college of knowledge‘, the ‚school of life‘; experiential
learning and in-house courses can be assessed using the Individual Route to Professional Registration.

Read how Professional Membership of The Welding Institute is able support an employer‘s competence
management system on page 169.

Eur Ing Chris Eady BSc(Hons) MSc CEng MRAeS FWeldI

Associate Director Professional Affairs
The Welding Institute

Welding and Cutting 13 (2014) No. 3 127

 CONTENTS WELDING AND CUTTING 03/2014

News 130 Wire keeps the world in motion – the cur-

rent state of the sector
132 Best European Welding Coordinator
Award aims to recognise the best profes-
sionals in the field
133 New standards to abide for in
fabrication and assembly of aluminium
and steel structures
134 “Mainline“ railway infrastructure project
on track to deliver industry-ready asset
management tool
134 Wayne Thomas Building opens at
the Centre for Materials and Coastal

130 On 7 to 11 April 2014, the international Research in Geesthacht/Germany

wire branch met at the “wire 2014“ 135 Conferences and Exhibitions
trade fair in Düsseldorf/Germany (Picture:
Messe Düsseldorf)
135 Apprenticeships can provide a better
route to the boardroom than degrees

From Companies 136 Tube and pipe welding

138 Automation solutions for high-volume
manufacturing
139 Rotary welding unit for turbines –
turning with power and precision
141 Advanced composites microwave proces-
sing offers increased industry benefits
142 Faster brazing with modified
CMT process
Chris Eady (left) presenting Alan Robinson, Managing Di- 144 Short Messages
rector or Gloucestershire-based weld overlay cladding and 145 Products
fabrication specialist Arc Energy Resources, with the EWF
Award Certificate for 2012.

Welding Practice 147 Information about practical welding

Events 149 19th “BEIJING ESSEN WELDING &

CUTTING“ fair
149 “MTA VIETNAM 2014“ in July

Reports 151 Cases of damage during the welding-

related processing of stainless steels –
Avoid damage and save costs
154 The flame-brazing of aluminium is not
Automated CNC cutting line MicroStep –
Terex/Demag. (Photo: Zheng Xiaochuan,
Shanghai Pudong Puris Machine Co.,
Ltd., P. R. C.)
138 difficult, but it is different to the brazing
of other metals!

128 Welding and Cutting 13 (2014) No. 3

 Issue

01
The

03
Welding
Institute

2014

www.welding-and-cutting.info Technical journal for welding and allied processes

Technical journal for welding and allied processes of

the DVS – German Welding Society, Düsseldorf,
the Professional Division of The Welding Institute, Cambridge,
and the Institut de Soudure, Paris

Produced in Collaboration between

141 Microwave field distribution within

“Hephaistos”-cavity, with large tool and
carbon fibre reinforced plastic sample.

158 Welding procedure specifications in

accordance with ASME Section IX –
successful international production
164 Automation – Key to improving
quality and productivity in electron
beam welding

Specialist Articles 171 Characterisation of the biological effect of

ultrafine particles in welding fumes after
controlled exposure –Effect of the MIG
welding of aluminium and the MIG bra-
zing of zinc-coated materials
Vilia Elena Spiegel-Ciobanu, Peter Brand,
Monika Gube, Klaus Lenz, Uwe Reisgen,
151 Inside of a pipe with scale and initial
signs of rust (scale: approx. 1 : 1)

Thomas Kraus
177 Grain structure in aluminium TIG welds
Philipp Schempp, Andreas Pittner,
Michael Rethmeier

181 Editorial Preview

182 Books
182 Imprint/Ad Index

National Pages 162 Information from the DVS – German

Welding Society
169 TWI News – The Newsletter of

158
Hydraulic trash track cleaner in use in
The Welding Institute
Rock Island, Illinois/USA (Photo: Muhr)

Welding and Cutting 13 (2014) No. 3 129

 NEWS
Wire keeps the world in motion – the current state of
the sector
On 7 to 11 April 2014, the international wire branch met at the “wire 2014“ trade fair in Düssel-
dorf/Germany (Picture: Messe Düsseldorf)
Without wire, the world would grind to
a standstill. Bicyclists ride around on spoke
wheels, power cables run overhead and be-
low the ground, supplying homes and com-
panies with energy. Even armoured concrete
is reinforced and stabilised with wires. Reli-
ability of materials and their quality there-
fore are of high priority for makers and buy-
ers of wire. Only those who rise up to the
challenge will survive in the market. The fi-
nancial crisis at the end of the last decade
also hit the wire sector with full force – a
high wire act for some companies facing dif-
ficult times. However, the economy has
picked up and so had business. Production
is now running at full capacity.
Inspired by the upswing of the steel mar-
ket, more than 2,500 international exhibitors
from the wire, cable and tube industries pre-
sented their product innovations at the Düs-
seldorf Exhibition Centre in Düsseldorf/Ger-
many during the two leading trade fairs,
“wire 2014“ and „Tube 2014“. 72,000 trade
visitors travelled to the exhibition halls on
the Rhine from 104 different countries. “The
trade fairs took place at exactly the right
time. Now several companies are planning
on investing in order to position themselves
for continued competition“, explained
130
Joachim Schäfer, Managing Director ac-
countable for the fairs at Messe Düsseldorf.
Competition from Asia
The entire wire sector is experiencing
similar things. Its well-being is closely con-
nected to the development of the car and
engineering sector – both are major buyers
of wire products. In addition, there is also
competition from Asia. “Steel makers from
China and other, Far East countries are in-
creasingly influencing the cycles of Euro-
pean companies“, analyses Deutsche Edel-
stahlwerke, a maker of wires and steel bars.
In general, the sector need not worry about
the future. “Deutsche Edelstahlwerke sees
the future of its products positively, as wire
is needed around the world.“
Tradition und new trends
Way back in the 15th century, wire draw-
ing replaced forging. Wire drawing has been
the method of production for a very long
time. Nonetheless, production technologies
aren‘t stagnating, as various trends prove.
Wire makers utilise modern technologies to
profit from the current situation.
A current development is towards faster
wire drawing with a consistant level of qual-
ity and narrow tolerances. Schwering &
Hasse is a good example. The maker of
enamelled wire for use, amongst others, in
electric motors and electronic components,
recently invested in a new wire mill for a
state-of-the-art bare wire production. A
new, 5000 m2 large hall was built to acco-
modate a two-stranded blooming mill, a
medium-wire machine and conform units.
According to Schwering & Hasse, the in-
vestment will optimise the company‘s en-
ergy efficiency and reduce noise emissions.
„Quality parameters along the value chain
are improved, which results in a reduced
failure rate, high consistency of wire soft-
ness, thus securing later processability of
the enameled copper wire.“
Deutsche Edelstahlwerke is also contin-
uously optimising its process to make sure
production stays as efficient as possible. The
internally developed Deutsche Edelstahl-
werke Production System (DPS) forms the
basis for the company‘s quest for efficiency.
It gives the company a framework on how
to make processes more efficient and less
wasteful. Selection, structuring, cleaning,
standardisation and self-discipline are
amongst its principles. The company offers
set-up workshops at its facility in Hagen,
Germany.
High material demands
Various materials such as steel, alumini-
um, copper, gold, pewter and platinum are
used to produce wire. “Materials used for
wire need to meet the rising demands of
customers and the developing fields of ap-
plication“, explain Deutsche Edelstahlwerke.
Demands are especially high concerning the
purity level, uniform structural properties
and material testing.
High-strength steels are becoming more
and more important for lightweight con-
struction. “Weight reduction for reducing
fuel consumption and emissions is a huge
trend“, states Dr. Gerhard Bartz, president
of the German association of wire and cable
machinery manufacturers VDKM and exec-
utive member of the umbrella group Inter-
national Wire and Cable Exhibitions Asso-
ciation. This applies for a great part to the
car industry, which accounts for 60% of the
German wire market. One example: as
weight needs to be saved, thinner valves are
Welding and Cutting 13 (2014) No. 3
made, which again has consequences for
the procurement of primary materials. And
that‘s not all. According to Bartz, there is a
“trend to composite design, using alumini-
um, steel alloys, carbon and textiles. Substi-
tute materials such as plastics and textiles
are increasingly important in the highly im-
portant car sector”. Use of refined wires such
as Nirosta is also growing – especially in cars
and medical technology.
Sophisticated production, high
degree of automation
Higher demands from buyers also put
machine builders in a tight spot. “Cus-
tomers want current machines to provide
higher performance“, says Andreas Hoster,
from Wafios marketing department. Highly
complex and more difficult part geome-
tries are required. On the one hand, cus-
tomers want single-purpose machines for
mass production, on the other hand, they
also want flexible multi-functional ma-
chines for low-volume and very low-vol-
ume production.
Wire manufacturing without automa-
tion is unthinkable nowadays, manual
labour is very seldom. Be it modern rolling
mills, bright steel companies or newest-
generation finishing equipment – most is
done fully-automatically by pressing a but-
ton and is controlled from a console. Au-
tomation is a lucrative market for compa-
nies such as SMS Meer. The company not
only delivers mills, but also process control
systems. This has proven to be a successful
combination. “There are clear advantages
if the supplier not only supplies the me-
chanical side, but also delivers the process
control,“ declares SMS Meer. Using a single
supplier as a one-stop-shop can ensure
things go smoothly.
Strict control of the production
process
High quality demands strict control of
the production process. Schwering & Hasse
reorganised its production systems in order
to control the company‘s 24/7 production
on an even higher level. Wire production
used to be controlled every 100 m: “New
machines and sensors now make it possible
to continuously control and document wire
production cm by cm.“
Welding and Cutting 13 (2014) No. 3
As a consequence, there has been a dra-
matic rise in data. In the case of Schwering
& Hasse, the new system collects 60.000
signals per second. Software analyses the
datastream and visualises the status. The
software automatically recognises devia-
tions and fault patterns, “so the operating
personnel can react immediately“, the com-
pany explains. The advantages can be clear-
ly made out – product quality can be raised
and costs saved, as less material goes to
waste. Developments nonetheless contin-
ue. In the next step, machines will auto-
matically respond and react if error mes-
sages pop up.
New market perspectives
Not only are wire manufacturing ma-
chines and plants undergoing constant
change. New markets are also appearing on
the horizon. Deutsche Edelstahlwerke is not
the only company which sees a lot of po-
tential opportunity for wire products in
power engineering, “which is undergoing
rapid development due to current energy
policies.“
From a geographical perspective, the
wire industry has set its eyes on emerging
economies such as China, Brasil and India.
This is also the case for the Middle East. Gus-
tav Wolf Seil- und Drahtwerke recently in-
vested in a new, 2,050 m2 large production
facility in Dubai. It contains three wet draw-
ing machines for wire manufacturing, two
double-bunching machines for stranded
wire and a single stroke machine for wire
rope production as well as a winding and
separating machine for assembly.
Focussing on niche products
There is no question about it, the Eu-
ropean wire industry has to come to terms
with competition from the so-called
emerging markets, just like all first world
regions. One way is to move away from
mass products – at least that‘s what
Deutsche Edelstahlwerke is doing: “By
continuing to specialise on niche products,
we are able to outperform our competi-
tors.“ Such a strategy can ensure economic
survival in the competitive wire market,
and can contribute to a positive business
outlook. (According to press information
from Messe Düsseldorf )
 NEWS
Best European Welding Coordinator Award aims to
recognise the best professionals in the field
Chris Eady (left) presenting Alan Robinson,
Managing Director or Gloucestershire-based
weld overlay cladding and fabrication specialist
Arc Energy Resources, with the EWF Award Cer-
tificate for 2012.
The welding coordination plays a pivotal
role in all manufacturing operations in weld-
ing and welding-related activities. It is within
the scope of the coordination to ensure that
all relevant constancy of performance speci-
fications are met, either through type-testing
or by factory production control. It is also
responsible to ensure that all the factors re-
lated to weld quality are met, be they the
procedure, the qualifications, the welder or
the welding operator.
Given the importance of the work of the
welding coordinator and to recognise the
best practices and professionals in this field,
the European Welding Federation (EWF) has
launched in 2012 an award for the Best Eu-
132
ropean Welding Coordinator. This award
recognises the achievement of an Interna-
tional or European Welding Engineer with
responsibility as welding coordinator in ac-
cordance with the applicable ISO and EN
standards. With this award, EWF wishes to
encourage best practices are implemented
and reinforce the important role that the
welding coordinator plays in the success of
the manufacturing industry. The nomina-
tion must be made by the employer or a di-
rect client organisation and must express
how the competence of the nominee has
contributed to the quality of welded produc-
tion. Each Authorized National Body will
submit at least one national nomination to
EWF by 30 June 2014 and the winner will be
notified by September 30.
Roles and responsibilities of
welding coordinators
As stated earlier, the constancy of per-
formance specifications are checked either
through type-testing or by factory produc-
tion control (FPC). The latter system consists
of regular maintenance and calibration of
equipment, frequent checking to ensure
product conformity and the management of
non-conforming products. Simply put, FPC
is all about producing products with the
same declared characteristics. The FPC sys-
tem shall describe measures to ensure that
personnel involved in activities influencing
the conformity of the components have ad-
equate qualifications and training for the
range of components and execution classes
to be exercised by the manufacturer. For the
coordination to be effective, the responsi-
bility, authority and relationship between
personnel that manage, perform or verify
work affecting product conformity, has to
be clearly defined.
As such, the responsibilities assigned to
the welding coordination personnel are
identified as follows:
• Their position in the manufacturing or-
ganisation and their responsibilities;
• The extent of authorisation accorded to
them to accept by signature on behalf
of the manufacturing organisation, as
needed in order to fulfil the assigned
tasks, e.g. for procedure specification
and supervision reports;
• The extent of authorisation accorded to
them to carry out the assigned tasks.
The welding coordinator is the highest re-
sponsible person on all instances and is ap-
pointed by the manufacturer, who has sole
responsibility over welding coordination,
and who should appoint at least one Re-
sponsible Welding Coordinator.
Three levels of professionals
The professionals within this category
can be grouped into three levels – compre-
hensive technical knowledge, specific tech-
nical knowledge and basic technical knowl-
edge:
• Personnel with comprehensive tech-
nical knowledge, where full technical
knowledge is required, for the planning,
executing, supervising and testing of all
tasks and responsibilities in welding
fabrication,
• Personnel with specific technical
knowledge, where the level of technical
knowledge needs to be sufficient for the
planning, executing, supervising and
testing of the tasks and responsibilities
in welding fabrication within a selective
or limited technical field; and lastly,
• Personnel with basic technical know-
ledge, where the level of technical
knowledge needs to be sufficient for the
planning, executing, supervising and
testing of the tasks and responsibilities
within a limited technical field, involv-
ing only simple welded constructions.
For more information please visit
www.ewf.be. (According to press informa-
tion from EWF)
Welding and Cutting 13 (2014) No. 3
New standards to abide for in fabrication and assembly
of aluminium and steel structures
Companies engaged in the manufac-
turing of steel and aluminium structures
are obliged to ensure that their factory pro-
duction control is EN 1090 compliant as of
1 July 2014. This compliance is based on
two pillars: employees and manufacturer.
As such, employees must have the required
qualifications, but also companies must
have the technical equipment that meets
the requirements. These standards are
recognised by the Construction Products
Regulation (CPR) to obtain CE marking
and thus entry into all European Union
markets.
Given the need to ensure all companies
and personnel are duly qualified and cer-
tified to ensure a smooth transition into
EN-1090, the European Welding Federa-
tion (EWF) has worked diligently to ensure
that in 2014, all relevant stakeholders are
prepared to meet this challenge. This
means that, by July, all companies that
meet the requirements are allowed to sell
their wares in the European Union, as prior
stated.
EN 1090 comprises three parts: EN 1090-
1: Requirements for conformity assessment
for structural components (CE-Marking), EN
1090-2: Technical requirements for the exe-
cution of steel structures and EN 1090-3:
Technical requirements for the execution of
aluminium structures.
The EWF certification scheme for
Welders and Welding Operators provides
a way to assess and recognise job compe-
EWF certification scheme.
Welding and Cutting 13 (2014) No. 3
tence for the welder and respond to market
demands, such as reaching more markets
and more remote areas whilst maintaining
the recognised quality of the systems.
The EWF Welders Qualification applies
to steels and aluminium and may be used
as a basis for other materials. This same EWF
Qualification gives methods for practical
training and theoretical education of fillet,
plate and tube welders. This EWF Welder
Qualification seeks to achieve harmonisa-
tion in the training, examination and quali-
fication testing of welders in the world. It
provides for the assessment of both theo-
retical knowledge and practical skills and
includes a combination of comprehensive
theoretical knowledge and high practical
skills, assessed by tests of increasing diffi-
culty (including EN ISO 9606 qualification
tests) and by theoretical examinations. The
education and training programme consists
of three theoretical modules and six practi-
cal modules (three pairs) corresponding to
the three levels of skills.
The European Welding Inspection Per-
sonnel guideline provides the core educa-
tion in welding and inspection technology
required by those responsible for perform-
ing inspection tasks at various levels. It is
defined to cover three levels: Comprehen-
sive, Standard and Basic.
The EWF, together with the IIW – Inter-
national Institute of Welding have devel- EWF EN 1090 roadmap.
oped, in co-operation, a European/Interna-
tional Welding Education, Training, Quali- EWF Manufacturer Certification
fication and Certification System for person- System
nel with responsibility for welding coordi- EWF have also looked at the manufac-
nation. This provides a way to assess and turers requirements and have developed a
recognise job competence for the welding high integrity and specialised certification
coordination. Students successfully com- system to assure companies‘ compliance with
pleting an EWF Qualification for Welding EN ISO 3834 and with the EWF requirements
Coordination will be expected to be capable for the Environmental and Health and Safety
of applying the technology required in weld- Management. The primary intention of the
ing engineering at a level consistent with the MCS (Manufacturer Certification System) is
qualification diploma. to ensure that manufacturers are competent
Lastly, for professionals who have been and exercise adequate control of the special
working as welding coordinators, in need process to ensure that the welded products
to refresh and update their knowledge, they they produce will comply with the regulatory
can leverage the Qualification of Euro- and/or contractual requirements concerning
pean EN 1090 Welding Coordination Per- quality and Environment, Health and Safety.
sonnel. It is not designed to provide a com- EWF remains fully committed to support
prehensive knowledge in welding technol- their members to ensure that their national
ogy (only achievable through the qualifi- companies reach compliance on time. (Ac-
cation). cording to press information from EWF)
133
 NEWS
“Mainline“ railway infrastructure project on track to
deliver industry-ready asset management tool
During its third and final year, the con-
sortium of the European railway infrastruc-
ture project “Mainline“ has reported that
important progress has already been made
in the development of methods and tools
that will contribute to the improvement of
railway systems. The consortium has taken
a holistic approach to its work in considering
the life cycle of specific railway infrastruc-
ture, ranging from plain line to bridges and
tunnels, for example, and looking at how the
introduction of new construction methods,
inspection technologies or life extension
procedures can impact on long-term oper-
ation. Results from the project‘s comprehen-
sive workplan of assessment and analysis
will form the basis of an industry-accessible
whole-life asset management and environ-
mental tool.
The project is co-ordinated by UIC – In-
ternational Union of Railways with support
from Arttic in France. The role of TWI – The
Welding Institute, Cambridge/UK, in the
project has been instrumental during the
assessment of current inspection practices
Wayne Thomas Building opens at the Centre for
Materials and Coastal Research in Geesthacht/Germany
Former TWI consultant and inventor of
the friction stir welding process, Wayne
Thomas, has been formally recognised by
the Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (HZG),
Centre for Materials and Coastal Research
in Geesthacht/Germany. HZG recently
opened a 300 m2 lightweight materials as-
sessment and solid-state joining centre in
his honour, naming it the Wayne Thomas
Building.
HZG Germany aims to establish a basis
for technologies of tomorrow, and with the
Geesthacht Centre‘s focus on solid-state
joining and processing technologies, the
new Wayne Thomas Building – the largest
dedicated facility in mainland Europe – will
play a key role in advancing friction stir
welding and other novel joining processes.
Around 40 scientists will work in the build-
ing to develop new joining methods for
modern applications, for example in the
joining of metal and plastic.
134
used in the European rail infrastructure and
the task of providing guidance to increase
the uptake of useful and cost-effective ap-
proaches by the rail sector. One study ex-
ample applying to existing infrastructure
and carried out by project partner University
of Lulea, is of two bridges in Sweden. Testing
and analysis has included the pre-stressing
of a concrete trough bridge to increase its
shear capacity and a test-to-failure of a steel
truss bridge to gauge its capacity.
With a number of needs arising from
emerging freight and passenger demands,
the results of these and similar tests will en-
able more effective planning of maintenance
by the railway infrastructure managers, who
will in turn have access to new and improved
renewal, strengthening or refurbishment so-
lutions. “Mainline“ will provide the rail in-
dustry with an evaluation tool capable of ac-
curately comparing cost efficiency on a
whole-life basis, bringing together in a quan-
tified manner the economic and environ-
mental consideration required to inform
management decision makers.
Wayne Thomas said, “It is a great honour
for me to be associated with the Helmholtz-
Zentrum Geesthacht friction technology
building. I am grateful to Professor Wolfgang
Kaysser, Professor Norbert Huber and Dr
Jorge dos Santos, also to my colleagues at
TWI and my wife and family for all their sup-
port, without which I would have been un-
A meeting to mark the end of the pro-
ject‘s second year took place in September
2013 at TWI in Cambridge with the next
meeting, to include a regional workshop,
scheduled for Budapest in May 2014.
“Mainline“ is a three-year European R&D
project for the railway sector funded under
the Seventh Framework Programme, with a
total budget of €4,500,000. The project began
in October 2011, bringing together the com-
plementary expertise and results from pre-
vious projects funded by the European Union
(e.g. Innotrack and Sustainable Bridges).
“Mainline“‘s consortium comprises 19 part-
ners from 11 different countries, including
major players in railway infrastructure man-
agement from both Western and Eastern Eu-
ropean countries (Germany, France, United
Kingdom, Sweden, Turkey and Hungary).
“Mainline“ is also utilising and building on
partners‘ expertise in other infrastructure
networks, such as energy, and relevant in-
dustry sectors. More information is availabe
online at www.mainline-project.eu. (Accord-
ing to press information from TWI)
From left to right:
Jorge dos Santos,
Wayne Thomas,
Wolfgang Kaysser
and Norbert Huber
(Photo: HZG).
able to discover new technologies – the most
important being friction stir welding.“
The inauguration of the Wayne Thomas
Building at Geesthacht took place during a
programme of technical presentations cov-
ering recent industrial developments using
advanced materials and processes. (Accord-
ing to press information from TWI)
Welding and Cutting 13 (2014) No. 3
 Conferences and Exhibitions
Date Place Event/Information
03.06.-05.06.2014 Düsseldorf/ 8th International Congress “Aluminium Brazing“ and Exhibition
Germany Information: DVS, Internet: www.dvs-ev.de/aluminium-brazing
03.06.-06.06.2014 Moscow/ International Exibitions “Metallurgy Litmash“ / “Tube Russia“ / “Aluminium Non-Ferrous“
Russia Information: Messe Düsseldorf, Internet: www.metallurgy-tube-russia.com
10.06.-13.06.2014 Beijing/ International Trade Fair “Beijing Essen Welding & Cutting 2014“
China Information: Messe Essen, Internet: www.beijing-essen-welding-cutting.com
11.06.-14.06.2014 Surabaya/ Manufacturing Surabaya 2014 – 10th International Manufacturing Machinery,
Indonesia Equipment, Materials and Services Exhibition
Information: Singapore Exhibition Services, Internet: www.manufacturingsurabaya.com
11.06.2014 Aberdeen/ The 2014 Welding Institute Annual Conference: “Welding and integrity challenge for offshore“
UK Information: TWI, Internet: www.twi-global.com/news-events/events/2014-welding-institute-annual-conference/
24.06.-27.06.2014 St. Petersburg/ Essen Welding Pavilion at “Svarka 2014“
Russia Information: Expoforum, Internet: www.svarka.de
01.07.-03.07.2014 Dresden/ “Nanofair 2014“ Conference
Germany Information: Fraunhofer IWS, Internet: www.nanofair.com
08.07.-11.07.2014 Ho Chi Minh City/ MTA Vietnam 2014 – 12th International Precision Engineering, Machine Tool and
Vietnam Metalworking Technology Exhibition & Conference
Information: Singapore Exhibition Services, Internet: www.mtavietnam.com
13.07.-18.07.2014 Seoul/ The 67th IIW Annual Assembly & International Conference
Korea Information: IIW 2014 Secretariat, Internet: www.iiw2014.com
03.09.-05.09.2014 Madrid/ 37th IABSE Symposium “Engineering for Progress, Nature and People“
Spain Information: IABSE, Internet: www.iabse.org/madrid2014
28.09.-01.10.2014 Vancouver/ “CanWeld“ Conference 2014 and IIW International Congress “Welding in the Arctic“
Canada Information: CWA – Canadian Welding Association, Internet: www.cwa-acs.org
20.10.-23.10.2014 Sao Paulo/ 1st Pan American Welding Congress & 40th Brazilian Welding Congress
Brazil Information: ABS – Brazilian Welding Association, Internet: www.abs-soldagem.org.br
28.10.-29.10.2014 Amsterdam/ Offshore Energy 2014 Exhibition and Conference
The Netherlands Information: Navingo BV, Internet: www.offshore-energy.biz
28.10.-30.10.2014 Mumbai/ International Trade Fair “India Essen Welding & Cutting 2014“
India Information: Messe Essen, Internet: www.india-essen-welding-cutting.com
05.11.-06.11.2014 Wollongong/ The 4th IIW Welding Research & Collaboration Colloquium
Australia Information: WTIA, Internet: www.wtia.com.au
20.11.-21.11.2014 Bielefeld/ 2nd International Conference “CastTec 2014 – The world of cast iron materials – diversity for the future“
Germany Information: atm Gesellschaft für aktives technisches Marketing, Internet: www.casttec2014.com
09.12.-12.12.2014 Byron Bay/ 23rd Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials (ACMSM23)
Australia Information: Southern Cross University, Internet: http://scu.edu.au/acmsm23/

Apprenticeships can provide a better route to the

boardroom than degrees
Nearly 20% of all employers report that
former apprentices are currently working in
senior management positions according to
research by City and Guilds, the UK’s leading
awarding organisation for work-based qual-
ifications.
The City and Guilds Top 100 Appren-
ticeship Employers list reported that almost
50% of construction companies employed
former apprentices as directors. Other sec-
tors which reported high levels of former
apprentices reached the boardroom were
manufacturing and engineering (43%), agri-
culture (33%) and energy and power (33%).
“I believe we are seeing the beginning
of a fundamental shift in the way we prepare
the next generation for the world of work,”
said Will Davies, co-founder of construction
company aspect.co.uk. “For too long we
have placed too much emphasis of univer-
sity education when many young people
would be more suited to vocational or on
the job training,” added Davies, whose com-
pany has returned to a traditional system of
apprenticeships to train young workers.
Matthew Hancock – the UK government
minister for further education and skills –
said: “Either going to university or choosing
an apprenticeship needs to become the
new norm for school and college leavers.
These figures support this aim and show
that apprentices are able to succeed in
some of the biggest businesses in the UK.“
Also, figures released by the Office of Na-
tional Statistics (ONS) revealed that more
than a quarter of graduates are actually earn-
ing less than school leavers who followed
vocational training courses or apprentice-
ships. The ONS also said that 26% of low
paid graduates found themselves working
in part-time jobs, which compared to 11%
of those who had followed vocational train-
ing. In addition, student numbers have
dropped by more than 20% at several mod-
ern Universities. It is believed that the rise
in tuition fees have contributed to the de-
cline. (According to press information from
aspect.co.uk)

Welding and Cutting 13 (2014) No. 3 135

 FROM COMPANIES
Tube and pipe welding
High quality welds in pipes and tubes
can only be assured if the weld underbead
is protected from oxidation. The various
techniques available through which protec-
tion can be given is referred to as purging.
A pre-purge is used to displace air pres-
ent in the pipework system or dam volume.
Numerous factors control the pre-purge
time such as pipe diameter, purge volume
and maximum permitted oxygen level.
A common misconception is that in-
creasing the purge flow rate will reduce
the purge time. This is falacious. Increase
in flow rate increases turbulence and re-
sults in unwanted mixing of purge gas and
air and can actually extend the purge time.
As a general rule, the pre-purge flow rate
and time should allow for about five vol-
ume changes in the pipe system or dam
volume, but a typical gas flow rate will be
in the region of 20 l/min. Weld joints that
require a root gap or which exhibit bad
end matching, both of which characteris-
tics provide an unwanted leak path for the
purge gas, can be sealed on the outside by
taping.
Oxygen and moisture levels in the purge
gas should be checked using a ”Weld Purge
Monitor” and/or appropriate equipment
with checking taking place at the outlet
point. Where dam inserts are being used,
the outlet point needs to be extended with
a flexible pipe to a convenient access posi-
tion. If this is impractical, a system which
has the purge inlet and outlet in the same
dam unit should be used.
Whilst 0.1% (100 ppm) residual oxygen
is a suitable working level for materials such
as stainless steels and duplex steels, the level
“QuickPurge II“ pipe purging systems are for use
on pipe diameters from 125 to 2,400 mm.
136
needs to be lower in the biopharm, food,
dairy and semiconductor sectors who are
now asking for 0.05% (50 ppm) or less. When
welding the more sensitive alloys based on
titanium, zirconium and other reactive met-
als, the residual oxygen levels need to be in
the region of 0.01% (10 ppm) or less.
Once the quality of the gas in the
dammed volume has reached the required
level, the gas flow can be reduced to about
5 l/min for the welding operation. On a more
practical level, it should just be possible to
feel the gas flow from the exit point. Exces-
sive flow can cause the internal pressure in
the pipe to rise and create concavity in the
weld root geometry and in more extreme
cases can cause the complete ejection of the
malten weld pool.
On joints which are not fully sealed to
restrict leakage, a higher flow rate will be
necessary to avoid contamination. Towards
the end of the weld run however, as the joint
becomes permanently sealed, the gas flow
rate will need to be reduced to avoid over-
pressurisation.
There are six principle methods avail-
able for pipe purging:
• Screwed up paper or other foreign ob-
jects
• Open Pipe Operation
• Water Soluble Discs
• Expandable Mechanical Plugs
• Flexible Discs
• Inflatable Systems
Generally, the simple and low-cost solutions
may well serve to offer limited protection,
but they are far from being totally reliable.
It’s hard to believe that the use of screwed-
up newspaper or cardboard discs to block
the pipe on each side of the joint and rely
on this as an effective seal is still considered
by some to be adequate.
Even if they don’t burst into flames dur-
ing the welding cycle, the problem of re-
moval after completion of the joint is
rarely considered. Furthermore, it
is equally unbelievable that one
could obtain an adequate purge
level, or even hold one if
achieved, to match today’s Qual-
ity Control Standards.
For small diameter tubes, say
up to 10 mm, the use of continuous
inert gas flow without seals is not un-
common. The air is replaced by incoming
inert gas. However it overlooks the possibil-
ity of turbulence and thus entrapment of
oxygen. Continuous gas flow can also be
costly, with the costs of inert gas having in-
creased so much over recent years.
Because it is desirable to block a short
distance either side of the weld, to add
greater control to the purge monitoring
process and the ultimate profile of the weld,
it is better to use professionally made sys-
tems where possible. From 1“ upwards,
there are now inflatable systems available
under the “PurgElite” trademark.
Expandable mechanical pipe plugs can
be very effective and cheap. These are widely
used for pipe pressure testing and volume
production means that cost is low.
The sealing area is large and the time
involved in preparation is relatively small.
Plugs are available covering diameters fram
12 mm (1/2“) up to 1,200 mm (48“) and
whilst the smaller plugs are available with
nylon bodies, aluminium and steel are used
above 150 mm. The larger and therefore
heavier versions may thus be difficult to in-
sert and remove if the joint line is more than
500 mm from the access point.
Soluble barriers cut to pipe size and
glued to the internal diameter provide some
degree of protection and the discs can be
removed by flushing with water after use.
The bond to the pipe may be prone to
leakage and dams have been known to blow
out because of an enthusiastic operator in-
creasing the gas flow. In addition, the time
and skill involved in preparation can be con-
siderable.
A water soluble film is generally prefer-
able than paper. The soluble film adhesive
is easier to apply all round the pipe interior
and gives excellent adhesion. Paper contains
a high proportion of water and this can
vapourise during welding, putting the weld
at risk from contamination.
The “Argweld” ranges of soluble film
purge products and expandable pipe plugs
are British made and available off the shelf.
Film kits are suitable for low volume weld
production where time is not of the essence
and access to joints is readily available.
Paper and engineering plastic versions
are available but paper versions may not be
suitable for site work because of their fragili-
ty. Time, dexterity and patience are required
during application and the film dams can
only be inserted as far away from the pipe
access as an engineer can reach.
Welding and Cutting 13 (2014) No. 3
 Flexible ‘floppy’ discs connected by a Purge dam diagram
flexible tube are available. They can be de-
ployed quickly and the removal after weld-
ing is easy since the assembly can be with-
drawn past the weld. The reliability is sus-
pect, however, because a disc to pipe sealing
depends upon a very small contact area.
Some have a semi-rigid connecting tube and
this may be unsuitable where the system
needs to be used either side of a sharp pipe
bend. The working range of these systems Gas flow schematic
is also very low.
Inflatable seals represent the only totally
reliable purging systems. Contemporary
equipment has been designed to provide
fully integrated control of purge pressure.
The inert gas use is minimal and they are
compatible with site use where multiple
welds of the same diameter need to be made
quickly and efficiently.
Recent innovative work by HFT (Hunt-
ingdon Fusion Techniques, Burry Port,
Carms/UK) designers of the “PurgElite” and
“QuickPurge” II systems has led to the in-
troduction of several further advances in
equipment production. These are:
The “PurgeGate” has been added to all
“QuickPurge” systems. This patented device Differences in costs between soluble film and a weld purge system
prevents inflatable purging systems from be-
ing over-pressurised even when operators
try to increase pressure to increase the flow
of weld purge gas.
The “RootGlo” illuminating tape is now
fixed around 360° of the centreline of the
“QuickPurge” system. Inside the dark pipe,
the centering band glows brightly to give
welders the opportunity to see all aspects of
the purge device alignment and the quality
of the weld root as it is being welded. The “Weld Purge Monitors” can be set to alert can be seen to offer significant attractions.
tape continues to glow for 12 hours before the user when the required oxygen level has “Argweld” manufacturers complement their
it needs to be returned to daylight for been reached. Providing precise data on cast range with fully integrated inflatable pipe
recharging. comparisons between the different purging purge systems designed to meet the require-
The “IntaCal” is a ready calibrated gas techniques is difficult not least because the ments of on-site reliability and these have
release system to inflate the dams safely and pipe diameter and wall thickness have a pro- become the global standard favoured by all
to purge the interspace between them. “In- found influence on the cost. manufacturing industry.
taCal” removes the need for expensive and Furthermore it is impractical to use Both “QuickPurge” and “PurgElite”
complicated valve systems that need pre- some types of water soluble dams in sealed products exploit the latest engineering de-
setting before each weld. This time-consum- pipes or in pipes and tubes with diameters velopments in abrasion resistant fabrics and
ing process is now eliminated as is the pre- much below 100 mm. An illustration of costs low profile gas contral valves. They are com-
vious problem of incorrectly setting valves can be provided by examining the differ- patible with standards laid down by the nu-
which frequently led to bursting dams. ences between soluble film (claimed to be clear industry. The “HotPurge” inflatable
“Weld Purge Monitors”: The exhaust cheap) and engineered inflatable systems. pipe purge systems are also available for use
gases are fed directly from the matching 6 It is clear from the table that, where sev- with chrome steel pipe welding. “HotPurge”
mm red hose to the “Weld Purge Monitor” eral welds have to be made on similar pipe uses materials that are capable of resisting
6 mm red hose. Using the leaktight 6 mm diameters, there can be cost savings when temperatures up to 700°C for 24 hours, so
quick fit connection eliminates the leak using inflatable pipe purging systems as the they can be left in place throughout the
paths caused by other systems that need to sealing medium. Add this to the technical whole pre-heat, weld and post-heat treat cy-
adapt their large size exhaust hoses to the advantages of reliable sealing and ease of cles. (According to press information from
small size of the “Weld Purge Monitor” hose. use and the inflatable purge system concept HFT Huntingdon Fusion Techniques)

Welding and Cutting 13 (2014) No. 3 137

 FROM COMPANIES
Automation solutions for high-volume manufacturing
Fig. 1 • Automated CNC cutting line MicroStep – Terex/Demag. (Photos: Zheng Xiaochuan, Shanghai
Pudong Puris Machine Co.,Ltd., P. R. C.)
Automation requirements in
engineering
The current trend in engineering mass
production (shipbuilding and offshore, pro-
duction of steel structures in various indus-
tries, production of mining and agricultural
vehicles etc.) is active integration of machine
tools to centrally controlled production
processes – by automating the flow of ma-
terial to and from machines through feeding,
lifting and conveying systems and by soft-
ware resources that provide communication
between machines and applications of cen-
tral production management.
In a number of cases, customers require
delivery of complete production line solu-
tions that would cover the entire production
process from initial recording of orders and
materials available to issuing final certifi-
cates of order execution or a finished prod-
uct. Large producers also require a high de-
Fig. 2 • MicroStep Pro-
duction Management
(MPM) – Parts database.
138
gree of automation involving not only the
production process itself and the flow of ma-
terial but also central stock management,
database recording of parts and products
and central order administration including
the possibility to connect a machine or a
production line to the corporate ERP system.
Addressing these issues requires design flex-
ibility from the machinery suppliers – the
ability to deliver solutions tailored to the
specific production requirements and spa-
tial disposition of the production hall and,
last but not least, interconnection of various
control systems for individual machine tools
to designer CAM software with an ability to
provide and process feedback information
on the results of cutting.
The aim is to increase work efficiency,
to optimise manufacturing processes as well
as to minimise costs and risks – the whole
production should be fast, smooth and
transparent, with the possibility of being
monitored by means of a corporate network.
Automated production
An example of such a solution is a
unique project of an automatic CNC cutting
line, produced last year by MicroStep in co-
operation with the German division of Terex
Material Handling (manufacturer of Demag
cranes) in the Chinese city of Zhengzhou.
The line consists of six CNC cutting tables
MicroStep “CombiCut” with the cutting sur-
face of 28 x 3 m, mounted with eight cutting
portals (two of the cutting machines have
two portals). Each of the portals is equipped
with two plasma cutting heads (HD plasma
sources Kjellberg “HiFocus 360i”) and an
inkjet marker, enabling multi-line marking
of the sheets with a speed of up to 20 m/min.
Other parts of the line are an automated
overhead Demag crane (9 t x 16.5 m), for
handling semi-products in the working
zone (loading sheets on machines and
transporting cut material to output convey-
ors), an input wagon for bringing the semi-
products from an external warehouse and
two output conveyor tables, used for un-
loading the cut-out parts and transporting
residual waste material into floor contain-
ers. The whole line operates in a fully auto-
matic mode using a software package for
production management, MicroStep MPM,
with integrated control software for the
crane and material handling equipment by
Terex/Demag. The database module screen
of MPM is shown in Fig. 2.
Starting with automatic nesting (effec-
tive distribution of parts on a sheet in order
to minimise waste after cutting) and cutting
plans creation in the MicroStep “AsperWin”
CAM program, through automated loading
of semi-products by the crane, distribution
of cutting plans to individual machines
based on parameters of the loaded material,
automatic scanning of sheet position and
start of cutting, to automatically calling the
crane to unload material after cutting – the
whole process is fully automated, i.e. without
active operator intervention. The line oper-
ators have only a supervisory and service
function – they monitor the line’s function
and make/respond to service reports of ma-
chines (e.g. replacement of consumables).
Service personnel is also employed for ma-
terial handling outside the line’s working
zone – loading sheets onto the input wagon
Welding and Cutting 13 (2014) No. 3
Fig. 3 • The final product – a hydraulic roof support.
and removing cut-out parts at the end of the
output conveyor.
Significant increase in efficiency
The end customer – the Zhengzhou Coal
Mining Machinery company (ZMJ) is a lead-
ing Chinese manufacturer of excavating and
mining systems with a major share of the
Chinese market. The described automatic
line is involved in production of one of the
company’s main products – hydraulic roof
supports (Fig. 3). The line has replaced the
conventional manufacturing process of cut-
ting the parts with oxygen flame on sepa-
rately standing machines. Thanks to use of
modern HD plasma technology, and partic-
ularly to automating the production prepa-
ration, distribution of cutting plans and ma-
terial handling, significant improvements
were achieved – not only in the quality of
the cut, but also in production efficiency –
up to a 75% increase in efficiency as one pro-
duction cycle currently lasts 1 to 2 hours in-
stead of the original 4 to 8 hours. In addition,
the line increased the factory’s production
capacity by 40% to 28,000 tons per month.
The line has been designed to process 8,000
to 12,000 tons of structural steel per month
in three-shift operation.
General trend
The general trend in metal engineering
and steel processing workshops (not only
those of major producers but also in mid-
dle-sized enterprises) aims at effective au-
tomation and smooth material flow hand in
hand with reduction of technological steps
necessary for production of the desired final
product or assembly. Besides integration in-
to production lines via transporting and
handling systems (apart from cranes it can
be various shuttle tables, fork feeders, hy-
Welding and Cutting 13 (2014) No. 3
Fig. 4 • The cut parts.
draulic lifting tables, cutting tables with
built-in roller conveyors, chain conveyors or
robot manipulators), the contemporary
CNC cutting machines themselves are able
to integrate several machining technologies
on a single gantry – a combination of plas-
ma, oxyfuel (and also waterjet) cut within a
single cutting plan is a real option, along
with marking with inkjet or micropercussion
pins, drilling, threading, countersinking and,
last but not least, automated preparation of
Rotary welding unit for turbines –
turning with power and precision
Power plants use turbines to supply the
power needed to cover world demand. The
most important thing is for the quality of
the welded connections to comply with
high standards. Deuzer Maschinenfabrik
(Deuma), a custom machine manufacturer
based in the Siegerland region of Germany,
specialises in welding plants. It depends on
reliable, high-precision drive technology
weld edges with bevel tool stations. As
shown on the above mentioned example of
a cutting line, large setups with several big-
sized machines and supporting equipment,
automated for delivering heavy duty three-
shift operation with minimum staff and yet
high-precision output are no longer just vi-
sions for the future, but have already proven
sustainable in daily operation.
Michal Kovac, MicroStep, s.r.o.,
Bratislava/Slovak Republic
by SEW-Eurodrive, Bruchsal/Germany.
According to current estimates, the total
global power requirements amount to
around 22 petawatt hours (22 x 1,015 Wh)
per year. The resources used to generate this
power are many and varied: wind, hydro-
electric power, crude oil, natural gas, coal
and solar energy. In order to generate this
astronomical amount of electricity, power
The rotors must be
placed absolutely hori-
zontally on the support
frames before further
adjustment.
139
 FROM COMPANIES
The rotary drive is a
series P planetary gear
unit with a torque arm
and an upstream
“KF107“ helical-bevel
gear unit and “DRL132“
AC motor..
plants often use turbines. These turboma-
chines convert the kinetic energy from fluids
or gases to rotational energy around their
axes; this is then used to operate a generator.
The increasing thirst for energy is also
accelerating the growth of turbines; with
masses of up to approx. 400 metric tons and
capacities of around 1.5 gigawatts, they are
among the largest machines in the world.
However, this isn’t the only factor that makes
them technical masterpieces. Due to the
high speeds at the ends of the blades and
the immense centrifugal forces generated
by turbines, great care must be taken during
their design and construction. The quality
The planetary gear unit
with upstream helical-
bevel gear unit trans-
mits the driving force to
the clamping fixture via
a cardan shaft (yellow).
140
The turbine welding
plant is driven by
an SEW-Eurodrive rotary
drive.
of the welded connections is of particular
importance.
Welding technology expertise
Deuma has established itself as an inter-
national leader in the construction of ma-
chines and equipment for welding compa-
nies and welding robot systems. For over 50
years, the custom machine manufacturer
from Netphen/Siegen, Germany, has been
building machines for metal processing
companies, mainly in the welding, cutting
and grinding sectors. From its humble be-
ginnings in simple, manual control rotary ta-
bles and roller bracket units, it has constantly
developed its range, which now includes the
latest specialised machines and system so-
lutions, such as complete CNC-controlled
welding systems and robot systems. Deuma
products stand for high quality and reliabil-
ity, and have earned the company from Ger-
many’s Siegerland region global recognition.
Managing Director Dr. Gerhard Honig
explained: ”We are currently experiencing
a huge boom in turbine welding plants.
There aren’t many companies that can build
welding gantries that big – perhaps a dozen
in the world.” Deuma is one of them. Around
three or four providers are active in China,
which is also where the order for a turbine
welding plant came from. Their cooperation
partner Esab contributed to production by
manufacturing the gantry. Deuma manu-
factured the rotor turning gear, while SEW-
Eurodrive supplied all the drive technology.
Positioning large masses
The turbine rotors are first pre-welded
before being completely attached using a
submerged arc welding process. Since this
procedure is carried out with the turbine in
a horizontal position, it requires a gantry with
two frames to support the turbine and a rotor
turning gear. The rotors to be welded have
different shaft diameters, so it is necessary
to adjust the height. The technical challenge
posed by this solution is that the rotors must
lie in a perfectly horizontal position while al-
so allowing for adjustments to be made. The
rotors weigh around 400 metric tons – the
same as five freight trains. Accordingly, each
of the two support frames can carry 200 met-
ric tons. The third fastening element for the
turbines – the positioner – does not bear a
load, but is designed to withstand tensile
forces in an axial direction. These are gener-
ated by irregularities and can reach up to 100
metric tons. The drive machinery has to be
positioned so that its center of rotation is ex-
actly at the center of the rotor’s axis of rota-
tion. For this reason, the shaft of the welding
plant is flexibly suspended over a cardan
shaft. At the end of the shaft is the rotary
drive, an industrial gear unit from SEW-Eu-
rodrive. This is a “PHF042/T” planetary gear
unit with a torque arm and an upstream
“KF107” helical-bevel gear unit with a
“DRL132” AC motor.
Powerful and precise drive
technology
“It must be possible to lift and move the
turbine with a load of 400 metric tons. This
is why, here too, we decided to use drive so-
Welding and Cutting 13 (2014) No. 3
lutions from SEW-Eurodrive,” explains Dr.
Gerhard Honig. The positioning drives are
mounted on the same side as the support
frames. These are parallel shaft helical gear
motors from SEW-Eurodrive. For the weld-
ing work, the turbine also has to be adjusted
with precision in a horizontal direction. For
this reason, it is possible to move the entire
support frame along rails. “FAZ77” type
SEW-Eurodrive gear units with “DR63L4”
standard gear motors connected upstream
also function as travel drives.
The rotors are clamped firmly to a face
plate, which allows them to be turned. A crane
that is part of the turbine welding plant is used
to place a clamping fixture on this plate, which
is located at one end of the turbine shaft. The
clamping fixture transfers the driving force
Advanced composites microwave processing
offers increased industry benefits
Microwave field distribution within “Hephaistos”-cavity, with large
tool and carbon fibre reinforced plastic sample.
For the first time, the “Hephaistos CA1”
(VHM 100/100), a large revolutionary mi-
crowave system, has been successfully sim-
ulated using standard 3D numerical meth-
ods (FDTD Finite Difference Time Domain)
to design moulds, accelerate curing of ther-
mosets and achieve welding process for
thermoplastic products in full industrial de-
tail. The work has been supported by a Eu-
ropean-funded project (www.mu-tool.com)
involving suppliers to the automotive and
Welding and Cutting 13 (2014) No. 3
from the industrial gear unit to the turbine
rotor. The Managing Director of Deuzer
Maschinenfabrik offered the following expla-
nation of how the welding plant works: ”While
the rotor is turning, the individual sections
are welded together. The slits between the in-
dividual turbine sections that need to be weld-
ed together are very narrow, and up to 500
mm deep, so they require a specialist solu-
tion.” For this reason, a narrow-gap welding
machine is used to weld the turbine.
System control made easy
At the head end of the plant is a climate-
conditioned control cabinet with air filtra-
tion, which is required to counteract the salty
sea air at the end customer’s headquarters,
on the Pacific coast of China. It contains the
Cross section of microwave field distribution – the rectangular carbon fibre
reinforced plastic sample gains homogeneous heating in the tool as the fields
follow the shape.
aerospace industries. “Hephaistos” technol-
ogy, invented by Lambert Feher, has been
used for curing composite products at TWI
in the United Kingdom since 2009.
Efficient and sustainable uses of re-
sources continually drive the development
of new lightweight solutions in nearly all
market segments, especially in the trans-
portation industry. Materials such as com-
modity metal alloys are being replaced by
polymer composites, which add value to
SEW-Eurodrive Movidrive “MDX61B” series
frequency inverters that control the gearmo-
tors and also the PLC for controlling the tur-
bine welding plant. All the plant’s drive axes
are adjusted using bus positioning according
to the PLC settings. Dr. Honig explains: ”All
the turbine manufacturer needs to do is enter
the contact diameter into the control device,
then the system will automatically move to
the correct height and position.”
The turbine welding plant described
here has now made its way to China, and
more will soon follow. These units from the
Siegerland are also highly valued in the Unit-
ed States and the BRIC states Russia and In-
dia.
Gunthart Mau, SEW-Eurodrive,
Bruchsal/Germany
their greater functional properties and effi-
cient manufacturing processes. Develop-
ment work at TWI’s Cambridge laboratories
has identified high-frequency technology as
offering unique advantages in product qual-
ity, productivity and automation, energy ef-
ficiency and price leverage, compared with
thermal processing that will increase the in-
dustrial volume production of advanced
composites. These composite materials offer
a high, lightweight exploitation potential as
141
 FROM COMPANIES
well as efficient recycling potential of the
valuable components.
The “Hephaistos” microwave oven’s
unique interior geometry, together with its
waveguides, allows fast and even heating of
the part to be cured, and demonstrates that
microwave field patterns are more even at
small dimensions. In comparison with al-
ternative methods, “Hephaistos” makes it
Faster brazing with modified CMT process
In collaboration with the joining-tech-
nology development dept. at Audi AG, Fro-
nius has achieved a fundamental advance
in the “CMT” (Cold Metal Transfer) brazing
process. With its patented new shape of gas
nozzle, “CMT Braze+” makes even higher
brazing speeds possible. Initial applications
of the new process in the autobody shops at
Audi AG have demonstrated that even under
real series-production conditions, robot-as-
sisted brazing speeds of up to 3 m/min are
feasible. The resulting brazed seams are flat
and clean, making “CMT Braze+” especially
suitable for areas of use in which seam ap-
pearance is of the essence.
The extremely narrow, conical shape of
the newly developed gas nozzle causes the
shielding gas to emerge at high speed. This,
in turn, constricts the arc and so allows braz-
The new torch for “CMT Braze+“ makes it possible to carry out robot-assist-
ed brazing at process speeds of up to 3 m/min. (Photos: Fronius Interna-
tional GmbH)
142
possible to process higher-quality cured
composite components and, at the same
time, to increase productivity with optimised
energy efficiency.
The TWI “Hephaistos” facility is avail-
able at TWI’s laboratories in Middles-
brough for aerospace and automotive
composite engineering as well as product
development. Starting from the lab-scale,
ing to be carried out more rapidly. At the
same time, gas consumption decreases by
as much as 60% compared to standard arc
processes, to between 3 l and 5 l per minute.
What is more, the high velocity of flow and
the optimised design of the torch make for
high cooling capacity, which ensures long
endurance times. For this reason, too, “CMT
Braze+” costs less to procure and operate
than do any of the processes used hitherto.
Thanks to these attributes, the modified
“CMT” process has already established itself
in practice as a more efficient solution than
other processes: for instance, by changing
over from plasma brazing to the modified
“CMT Braze+” process in series production of
its Audi A7, Audi has been able to boost braz-
ing speeds from 2.5 m/min to 3 m/min at the
same time as significantly lowering its costs.
The newly developed shape of the gas nozzle causes a constriction in the
arc, and this in turn permits faster brazing.
TWI can also offer world-leading compu-
tational methods, design of composite
parts, technical development for high-fre-
quency systems and composite technolo-
gies, experimental prototyping and testing
as well as consulting on the industrial cap-
italisation of applying new production
technologies. (According to press informa-
tion from TWI)
News 3/2014
www.dvstv.de/international
Low investment outlays and low costs
for wearing-parts; the fact that a seam
guidance system is only needed as an op-
tional extra; high reproducibility – these
are the main reasons why “CMT Braze+” is
also increasingly attractive for applications
that used to be the preserve of laser braz-
ing.
Anyone who already owns a Fronius
“CMT” system can benefit particularly easily
from the advantages of “CMT Braze+”: in this
case, the specially developed torch body and
an adapted characteristic are all it takes to
be able to use the new process. (According
to press information from Fronius Interna-
tional)
Welding and Cutting 13 (2014) No. 3
 FROM COMPANIES
Short Messages
Fibre delivered laser beam cutting
optimisation
The European FILCO project is creating a 1 μm
wavelength specific laser cutting head for cut-
ting up to 15 mm stainless steel.
This European project is creating a novel
1 μm wavelength specific laser cutting head,
capable of cutting up to 15 mm thick stain-
less steel, with cut quality similar or better
than that currently achieved with CO2 laser
cutting systems. The aim of the work is also
to increase available cutting speeds in the
thickness range between 3 mm and 15 mm.
These goals are being realised through
the development of new beam-forming op-
tics and supersonic assist gas nozzles. Key
benefits will include higher laser cutting
speeds and improved cut quality when using
1 μm laser source.
Results from the “Fibre delivered Laser
beam Cutting Optimisation” project (FILCO)
will be used to enable high quality 1 μm laser
cutting of metallic plates up to 15 mm in
thickness while delivering higher processing
speeds. This will allow end-user job-shop
SMEs to enhance productivity and at the
same time, significantly reduce operating
costs.
Consortium partners TWI Ltd, Fraun-
hofer-ILT, Precitec KG, Optolita UAB, Laser
Expertise Ltd, Q-Sys BV and Metalmark Ltd
are working together to:
• model of gas dynamic effects of current
and new design of laser cutting nozzles
with emphasis on achieving higher
shear stress, reduced flow separation
and minimum dynamic instabilities in
the gas stream incident on the part be-
ing cut;
• use modelling and simulation to pro-
duce and demonstrate new optical
beam focusing designs capable of pro-
ducing a range of laser beam focus di-
ameters and divergence;
• laser-cut mild steel in the thickness
range 3 to 15 mm using oxygen as the
144
assist gas providing similar cut quality
achieved using CO2 laser sources.
The research leading to these results has re-
ceived funding from the European Union
Seventh Framework Programme [FP7/2007-
2013] under grant agreement 315405. For
further information, please visit the FILCO
website: www.filco-project.eu or contact
TWI: ali.khan@twi.co.uk.
Cooperation of the Welding &
Testing Institute Cniitmash and
Polysoude
The new centre of automated welding
technologies has opened in Moscow/Russia
at Cniitmash (a part of Atomenergomash
group of companies). It is one of the funda-
mental pillars for the work of the state atom-
ic energy corporation Rosatom. Automated
welding doesn’t only reduce Rostovskaya
NPP’s construction terms, but it also ensures
the highest quality of welding performance.
Besides general specialists of welding and
testing also non-destructive metal specialists
work at the research institutions of Cniit-
mash. In the future, it’s intended to do at-
testations of other companies’ personnel,
which will adopt technologies of automated
welding. Cniitmash’s know-how will be
helpful at Rosatom’s overseas construction
sites. Afterwards, it will become a serious
competitive advantage of the corporation in
the global market. It is intended that auto-
mated welding should be used for producing
vessel equipment at NPP Akkuyu in Turkey.
The progressive technology of the research
institution allows the nuclear power plant
building division to broaden the range of
production, be more competitive, and re-
duce the production time. Not long ago the
Atomenergomash group, having acquired a
row of assets, has become a full range service
supplier for primary coolant circuit, starting
L. to r.: H.-P. Mariner (C.E.O. Polysoude Group),
A. Doub (C.E.O. Cniitmash) and A. Nikipelov
(C.E.O. Atomenergomash) “push the start but-
ton” for the opening of the automated welding
technology center in Moscow/Russia.
from pipe manufacturing at the Ukrainian
Energomashspetsstal to pipe cladding at
Petrozavodskmash while applying automat-
ed TIG welding developed by Cniitmash
and Polysoude from Nantes/France for the
NPP.
Kemper Storatec appoints Willy
Schröder as Sales Manager
Willy Schröder, the new Kemper Storatec Sales
Manager for European customers and OEM
partners.
Willy Schröder has been strengthening
the Kemper Storatec team in Lünen/Ger-
many. The new Sales Manager attends to all
European customers and OEM partners for
this manufacturer of system solutions for in-
tralogistics. After the company has moved
its headquarters to Waltrop/Germany in
April 2014, Schröder will further advance its
strategic focus on becoming a provider of
standardised systems for the storage of flat
and long materials, such as sheet metal and
profiles. Willy Schröder started in the role
in March 2014 and moves into the second
tier of management, behind General Man-
ager Björn Kemper. As Sales Manager, he at-
tends to all European customers and OEM
partners. With his deep understanding of
technology and his high level of skill when
it comes to consultation, he is to help these
customers and partners by providing advice
and assistance. He wants to focus increas-
ingly on establishing new standard solutions
in the area of sheet metal and long material
storage for intralogistics in the market. The
core competencies will also continue to in-
clude the development and manufacture of
special solutions in cooperation with indi-
vidual companies. For a number of years,
Willy Schröder has been employed in both
national and international field sales forces
as an accomplished technician and business
administration specialist. Thanks to his
Welding and Cutting 13 (2014) No. 3
many years of experience in the industry,
the 31-year-old from Werther in Eastern
Westphalia/Germany has in-depth knowl-
edge of the sector and the market.
Cutting of thick metal sheets
The term ”high brightness“, which com-
bines high optical power with good beam
quality, was so far only marginally related
to “High Power Diode Lasers” (HPDL).
Therefore, cutting of several mm thick steel
sheets with good quality and reasonable
cutting speed by means of HPDL was hard-
ly conceivable so far. Through recent
progress on HPDL modules and their opti-
cal interconnection using special micro-
optics, a 2.5 kW laser with high power and
2.5 kW “High Power Diode Laser“ from Limo
(upright in the centre) coupled with an industri-
al CNC machining facility (left) for metal cut-
ting at the Laser Centre of the University of
Applied Sciences Münster (LFM). (Photo: LFM)
Products
Electron beam welding quality
assurance tool
TWI has developed “BeamAssure”
(Fig.1), a quality assurance tool which helps
to analyse electron beam parameters, giving
an effective fingerprint of the beam and an
independent monitor of beam characteris-
tics. Engineered and supported by TWI, this
Fig. 1
Welding and Cutting 13 (2014) No. 3
also high brightness was now demonstrat-
ed by Limo Lissotschenko Mikrooptik
GmbH, Dortmund/Germany. The special-
ists for laser beam shaping have studied
the potential for applications in materials
processing together with the Laser Centre
at the University of Applied Sciences Mün-
ster (LFM), Münster/Germany. For this
purpose, the light of the 2.5 kW laser was
fed by an optical fibre (core diameter 400
microns) to a newly designed processing
head from Limo (focal length 120 mm). The
metal processing was performed on an in-
dustrial CNC machining facility. The cut-
ting process was optimised using the
methodology of “Design of Experiments”
including variation of nozzle geometries
and diameters. Limo and the LFM cooper-
ate within the joint project “Brilamet” (bril-
liant high power diode lasers for metal pro-
cessing) which is funded by the German
Federal Ministry of Education and Research
(BMBF). This project is supported by the
BMBF program ”KMU-Innovativ, Optische
Technologien” (Optical Technologies in in-
novative small and medium-sized enter-
prises, promotional reference: 13N12282).
As a result of a successful milestone, laser
cutting of steel was demonstrated: 6 mm
thick stainless steel (1.4301) was cut at 1.1
m/min and 6 mm thick mild steel (1.0038)
at 2 m/min. In both cases, a very good cut-
ting quality was achieved with a roughness
Rz < 35 microns and a negligible dross on
the kerf (< 30 microns).
product provides unrivalled confidence in
electron beam welding and processing per-
formance to ensure product quality. Electron
beams are challenging to measure and cali-
brate due to their nature but “BeamAssure”
Strengthening the US sales
partner network
Christian Pilzer,
Managing Direc-
tor Mikrotron.
Mikrotron GmbH, the high perform-
ance, high-speed camera company located
in Munich/Germany, has recently appoint-
ed Uniforce Sales and Engineering of Cali-
fornia, Upstate Technical Equipment Co.,
Inc. of New York and MicroDISC, Inc. of
Pennsylvania as new distributors. These
agreements will provide the three leading
distribution companies’ customers with ac-
cess to the Mikrotron range of MV cameras,
which are used across a diverse range of ap-
plications, including semiconductor, med-
ical, military and industrial/manufacturing
to name a few. Christian Pilzer, Managing
Director of Mikrotron, points out that,
“through the appointment of these well-
known and established companies, our cus-
tomers not only have easy access to our cam-
eras to serve their needs in high-speed,
megapixel images, but also have access to
the technology know-how to integrate them
fast and effortless. We are glad that we found
them as strong local partners for our cus-
tomers in the USA.”
is able to capture relevant data, giving assur-
ance of beam power, profile consistency and
quality every time. This tool enables moni-
toring of beam consistency and the detection
of human error and thus leads to reduced
145
 FROM COMPANIES
scrap or rework rates. It provides a QA record
for each assembly and has visual and numer-
ic presentation of key process variables. The
“BeamAssure” probe is installed at an UK
aerospace production company, integrated
with the welding machine. It has been run-
ning for over two years now, capturing 30,000
data sets and no issues have been reported.
The tool is suitable for the use across all in-
dustry and research sectors. For more infor-
mation please visit: www.beamassure.com.
(TWI, Granta Park, Abington, Cambridge
CB21 6AL/UK; www.twi.co.uk)
Motorised pendulum impact
testers
Instron, a provider of testing equipment
designed to evaluate mechanical properties
of materials and components, offers the
“MPX” series of motorised pendulum im-
pact testers (Fig. 2) that are essential for met-
als impact testing to Charpy and Izod stan-
dards. The “MPX”series offers a range of test-
ing capabilities from 300 to 900 Joules and
it comes standard with “Fracta” software,
which allows for reliable data acquisition
and reporting of absorbed energy. If more
advanced impact analysis and reporting is
needed, upgrading to “Impulse” data acqui-
sition software and instrumentation will al-
low for direct measurement of impact force
and striker velocity. The key advantages of
the “MPX” include:
• Automatic Test Start: The “MPX” is de-
signed with an automatic test start as
soon as the door closes, allowing for
rapid testing and improving throughput
while conforming to the international
standards for non-ambient testing. The
Fig. 2
146
feature fully complies with NIST 5 sec-
ond guidelines, specifying the time it
should take for the specimen to leave
the temperature conditioner and for the
test to be complete.
• Interchangeable Hammer Weights:
Most other pendulum impact testers on
the market still require the hammer as-
sembly to be completely removed in or-
der to change weights. On the “MPX”,
interchangeable hammer weights allow
for quick and simple adjustment of the
impact energy, removing the need for
the time-consuming process of chang-
ing hammer shafts.
• Safety: The “MPX” features an integrat-
ed guard and safety control system that
meets the stringent requirements for
the European CE mark and for ISO
13849. The operator is protected at all
times during machine operation.
(Instron European Headquarters Corona-
tion Road, High Wycombe, Bucking-
hamshire, England, HP12 3SY/UK; www.in-
stron.com)
Welding in cryogenic applications
The company has developed a complete
portfolio of grades with mechanical proper-
ties specifically developed for welding in
cryogenic applications. Designed to help cus-
tomers achieve trouble-free mechanical
welding operations, the grades provide high
quality weldments that can withstand the
tough conditions which normally prevail in
cryogenic applications. The grades also offer
a balanced content of microelements with
minimum impurity levels to reduce the risk
of hot cracking during welding operations.
This ensures optimum arc stability and flu-
idity, with minimal spatter and good wetting
properties. Considerable savings can be
achieved as a result of reduced clean-up and
re-working costs. In Sandvik’s grades for cryo-
genic applications the chemical composi-
tions are optimised in terms of Charpy-im-
pact toughness. They also offer high tensile
strangths, high yield strengths, good ductility
and uniform elongation. Controlled ferrite
content provides resistance to micro fissuring.
Typically, manufacturing of dewars, contain-
ers, tanks, cryostats and transfer systems for
transportation and storage of liquefied natu-
ral gas (LNG), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG),
liquid nitrogen and liquid helium (Fig. 3).
They also help users to comply with a wide
range of standards, such as AWS, SFA, ASME
Section II, IX and ASME U, UM, R, S; TV cer-
tification, CRN registration; and CE/PED cer-
Fig. 3
tification. Sandvik offers a complete program
of products for welding austenitic stainless
steels, duplex stainless steels and nickel al-
loys. Sandvik’s products are characterised by
chemical composition within close toler-
ances and consistency between heats and
batches, contributing to trouble-free welding
and high-quality welding joints. For most
standard grades there are variants with both
normal and high silicon content to suit dif-
ferent welding methods. (Sandvik Heating
Materials AB, Box 502, 734 27 Hallstaham-
mar/Sweden; www.smt.sandvik.com)
Protection for female welders
Female welders no longer need to wres-
tle with oversized jackets and gloves that
don’t fit. The “Jessi Combs Women’s Weld-
ing Gear Ready-Pak” (Fig. 4) includes all of
the essential personal protective equipment
that a female professional welder would
need. The new Ready-Pak includes the fol-
lowing gear:
• Lincoln industrial duffle bag,
• Viking Jessi vs. the “Robot 3350“ Series
auto-darkening helmet,
• Jessi Combs Women’s Shadow FR weld-
ing jacket,
• Jessi Combs MIG/stick welding gloves,
• Jessi Combs Steelworker gloves,
• Women’s “Starlite“ clear safety glasses,
• FR doo rag.
(Lincoln Electric, 22801 St. Clair Avenue,
Cleveland, OH 44117/USA; http://www.lin-
colnelectric.com)
Fig. 4
Welding and Cutting 13 (2014) No. 3

Safety facilities for gases
In conjunction with oxygen, com-
bustible gases become a useful but haz-
ardous medium. For the most diverse rea-
sons, flashbacks may occur when oxyacety-
lene devices are utilised for gas welding,
flame cutting, flame heating, flame gouging
or flame blasting. Tapping points for fuel
gases must therefore be equipped with a
safety facility (tapping point arrester or sin-
gle cylinder arrester). The requirements, the
testing and the marking are stipulated in
both parts of DIN EN 730: “Gas welding de-
vices – Safety facilities“. Fig. 1 shows one ex-
ample of the marking of a safety facility ac-
cording to the standard.
Safety facilities prevent:
• the reverse flow of the gas (e.g. oxygen)
into the fuel gas line or into the com-
pressed gas cylinder with the fuel gas
(safety element: gas reverse flow check
valve)
Fig. 1 • Marking of a safety facility according to
DIN EN 730 1: 1 serial number, 2 manufacturer
or distributor, 3 external test symbol, 4 model
designation, 5 throughflow direction, 6 gas type,
7 permissible operating pressure, 8 number of
the standard, 9 designation of the safety func-
tion (FA flame trap, NV gas reverse flow check
valve, TV temperature-controlled post-flow bar-
rier, PV pressure-controlled post-flow barrier)
Welding and Cutting 13 (2014) No. 3
Fig. 2 • Principle of the single cylinder arrester.
• the flashback into the piping mains or
into the compressed gas cylinder (safety
element: flame trap made of sintered
chromium-nickel metal)
• the continued supply of fuel gas after a
flashback or during a subsequent fire
on the surface of the flame trap (safety
element: post-flow barrier)
Fig. 2 shows the principle of the single cylin-
der arrester. At a normal fuel gas flow rate,
the gas flow keeps the reverse flow check
valve open against the spring force and the
gas flows through the flame trap. The reverse
flow check valve is already closed if the fuel
gas pressure drops, all the more so in the
event of the reverse flow of oxygen. No ig-
nitable gas mixture can arise behind the
safety facility. The hazards caused by an
empty fuel gas cylinder or a clogged torch
nozzle are thus eliminated reliably.
In the event of a flashback, the flame
must be extinguished as quickly as possible
so that it does not continue to burn (break
through) as far as the gas tank. This is en-
sured by an insert made of sintered chromi-
um-nickel steel. Due to its high thermal con-
ductivity and to the large surface of the
sponge-like sintered metal, the flame tem-
perature quickly decreases extremely during
the penetration so that the flame goes out
WELDING PRACTICE
Fig. 3 • Single cylinder arrester, installed in the
torch (top) and in the hose (bottom).
when the temperature drops below the ig-
nition temperature. The gas on the inflow
side can no longer be ignited.
Single cylinder arresters are demanded
in order to safeguard the gas supply lines of
constant pressure torches and, in the case
of injector torches, only when the single
cylinder installation is located outside the
welder’s ranges of sight and access. Single
cylinder arresters are installed either in the
torch handle or shortly in front of the torch
in the hose.
Fig. 4 shows the principle of the tapping
point arrester. It has a post-flow barrier in
addition. A distinction is made between
Fig. 4 •
Principle
of tapping
point
arresters.
147
 WELDING PRACTICE
pressure-controlled and temperature-con-
trolled post-flow barriers.
A large number of flashbacks in quick
succession or a backfire existing in the oxy-
acetylene torch for a longer time may lead
to overheating. The temperature-controlled
post-flow barrier consists of a valve which
is loaded by a strong spring and is kept open
by a firmly brazed guide pin. In the event of
any impermissible heating, the braze metal
melts before the ignition temperature of the
gas mixture is reached. The valve closes per-
manently and thus prevents the post-flow
of fuel gas. Thereafter, the safety facility can
no longer be used any further. There are
pressure-controlled post-flow barriers so
that pressure surges, e.g. caused by a pow-
erful flashback, endanger neither the pres-
sure regulator nor any other gas supply fa-
cilities. They close the gas supply if the pres-
sure rises abruptly. These safety facilities
High-strength fine-grained structural steels -
Pay attention to the t8/5 time
High-strength fine-grained structural
steels have high tensile and yield strengths.
They are provided with these by a special
heat treatment (quenching and tempering)
during the manufacture which ensures a
fine-grained structure. This structure and
thus the strength may be lost when such
steels are processed at high temperatures,
e.g. during welding.
Therefore, suitable procedures are re-
quired during welding. High-strength fine-
grained structural steels can be processed
Welding in crane
construction
(Photo: Bruns, C., et
al.: Schweißen im
Kranbau -
Nahteigenschaften
hochfester Rohre.
DVS-Bericht 275.
DVS Media, Düssel-
dorf 2011)
148
Fig. 5 • Tapping point arrester, installed in the pressure regulator or in the shut-off valve.
can still be used since the triggered post-
flow barrier can be reopened using the
warning lever.
Tapping point arresters are installed in
the outlet of the pressure regulator of the
compressed gas cylinder or, in the case of
ring gas mains, in the respective tapping
points, Fig. 5.
with all the common welding processes. In
any case, it is important to comply with the
so-called t8/5 time. That is the duration
which the weld region needs to cool down
from 800°C to 500°C after welding. If the
cooling time is too short, there is the danger
of high hardness values and hydrogen-in-
duced cracks. Excessive cooling times lead
to a decrease in the toughness and, in part,
also in the strength of the welded joint.
In the practice of production technology,
the t8/5 time is determined and checked on-
Note: Only one consuming device may be
connected to each safety facility. Safety fa-
cilities may only be utilised for the marked
gas type and the stipulated operating pres-
sure. A specialist must check the safety
against the reverse flow of gas, leak tightness
and throughflow of safety facilities at least
once per year.
ly rarely because of the complicated record-
ing by means of measurement technology.
However, well-trained and experienced
welders can comply with it in sufficiently
narrow limits by paying attention to the stip-
ulated preheating and interlayer tempera-
tures as well as by taking account of the sheet
thickness, the welding speed and the bead
width (stringer bead technique). The picture
shows jib segments of a lattice boom crane
which were GMA-welded from pipe sections
with an outside diameter of 101.6 mm and
a wall thickness of 5.6 mm (process: 135),
shielding gas: M21, filler material: high-
strength wire electrode G 89 4 M Mn4Ni2Cr-
Mo, welding speed: approx. 45 cm/min and
energy per unit length: approx. 4 kJ/cm. The
t8/5 time was 6 to 9 s. The cooling times
were established on the basis of the funda-
mentals of calculation in EN 1011.
Arc flash
The arc flash of the eyes is an acute in-
flammation of the conjunctiva of the eye and
is caused by the effect of ultraviolet rays in
the arc. Minor cases can be treated by the
works doctor and serious cases must be
treated by the ophthalmologist.
Welding and Cutting 13 (2014) No. 3

19th “BEIJING ESSEN WELDING & CUTTING“ fair
It is Asia’s most important trade fair of
the welding and joining technology industry:
the BEIJING ESSEN WELDING & CUTTING,
which is already being held for the 19th time
from 10 to 13 June 2014. Some 800 exhibitors
from about 30 countries will be presenting
their products and services of the key tech-
nologies joining, cutting and surfacing on
over 38,000 m2 net in the New China Inter-
national Center, Beijing/China. The offering
ranges from entire plants, control systems
and testing technology to workplace equip-
ment. This year, special focus is on robot
and automation technology.
The BEIJING ESSEN WELDING & CUT-
TING comes directly behind the SCHWEIS-
SEN & SCHNEIDEN trade fair in
Essen/Germany, in second place of the in-
ternationally leading trade fairs of this in-
dustry. Thanks to the successful coopera-
tion between Messe Essen, the Chinese
Mechanical Engineering Society, the China
Welding Association and the German
“BEIJING ESSEN WELDING & CUTTING 2014“ – this year in Beijing/China
from 10 to 13 June 2014. (Photos: Messe Essen)
“MTA VIETNAM 2014“ in July
Following the successful edition in 2013,
the “MTA VIETNAM“ is set to return with
the largest and most comprehensive display
of showcase of metal cutting and metal
forming machinery as well as tooling sys-
tems that cater to Vietnam’s robust manu-
facturing industry.
The Vietnamese manufacturing sector
has gained momentum this year, with Janu-
ary seeing the strongest rise in output since
April 2011. There is a sharp increase in
149
Welding Society (DVS – Deutscher Verband
für Schweißen und verwandte Verfahren
e.V.) and to the support of other interna-
tional associations, this trade fair has be-
come established as a major information
and ordering platform in one of the world’s
largest steel countries.
International pavilions
At the BEIJING ESSEN WELDING &
CUTTING, numerous foreign companies
have the possibility to present themselves
in the highly promising Chinese market. Af-
ter China, Germany, Korea and the USA are
providing the most exhibitors with their
pavilions. Companies from the Federal Re-
public of Germany will be exhibiting their
products and services in hall W1. Here, 30
companies on some 600 m2 will be present-
ing high-tech quality products “Made in
Germany“. The German pavilion is being
sponsored by the Federal Ministry for Eco-
nomic Affairs and Energy (BMWi).
At the German Pavilion last year in Shanghai/China.
EVENTS
Excellent accompanying
programme
The fair is not only a showcase for new
products and trends of the industry but also
offers opportunities for networking and ex-
changing knowledge. Two forums will be pick-
ing up on current industry issues: The IFWT
– International Forum on Welding Technolo-
gies deals with the subject of “high-strength
steel“. Moreover, experts will be presenting
papers in the China Welding Forum 2014 un-
der the title “Towards A New Era of Robot
Welding“. More information at: www.beijing-
essen-welding-cutting.com. (According to
press information from Messe Essen)
Exhibitors
were all
smiles as the
“Sold“ signs
were proudly
adorned on
their prod-
ucts.
Welding and Cutting 13 (2014) No. 3
 EVENTS

pledged Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Impression from the

mostly channelled into the manufacturing welding competition
sector, which is expected to further acceler- during the “MTA VIET-
ate exports in the coming year. This reflects NAM 2013“.
the country’s competitiveness in labour-in-
tensive manufacturing, which may drive
Vietnam to become an alternative to China
as a manufacturing base.
Retaining its position as the premiere
trade event for Vietnam’s manufacturing in-
dustry, “MTA VIETNAM 2013“ will return to
the Saigon Exhibition & Convention Center
(SECC) in Ho Chi Minh City/Vietnam from
8 to 11 July 2014. The event remains the
choice event of the Vietnamese manufac-
turing industry to source for the latest tech- NAM 2014“ will welcome group pavilions al technology know-hows to Vietnam. We
nologies and services in precision engineer- from Germany, Japan, Korea, Singapore, Tai- look forward to a strong line-up of ex-
ing, machine tools and metal working wan and Thailand, as well as an impressive hibitors, many of which are returning ex-
equipment presently available in the global line-up of local supporting government or- hibitors – a testament to the relevance and
marketplace. ganisations. importance of the show,” says Mr. William
Since its inaugural edition back in 2005 The trade fair has supported the manu- Lim, Project Director for “MTA VIETNAM“
in Ho Chi Minh City, the show has estab- facturing industry in Vietnam through the from the show’s organiser, Singapore Exhi-
lished itself as the must-go annual event for years, by offering the ideal platform for the bition Services (SES).
Vietnamese manufacturing professionals. showcase of the latest technologies and so- Besides SES the exhibition’s co-organ-
As with the previous edition of “MTA VIET- lutions, as well as business networking and iser is the local VCCI Exhibition Service Co
NAM“, the show this year continues to see idea exchange opportunities. Ltd (VCCI). (According to press information
strong support from international trade bod- “MTA VIETNAM“ is set to play an even from Singapore Exhibition Services Pte Ltd
ies and government agencies. “MTA VIET- more important role in bringing internation- (SES))

Practice of thermal spraying

This reference book reveals and explains inte-
resting and important areas of thermal spraying.
Numerous tables, diagrams and pictures sup-
plement and enhance the written information.
This practice-related reference book is intended
for the thermal sprayer, the student, the expert,
Content:
Introduction to thermal spraying
Preparation for thermal spraying
Fundamentals of thermal spraying
Thermal spraying processes
After-treatment of sprayed coatings
Materials and gases
the engineer and everybody, who is interested
in and would like more information about the
thermal spraying. The book compiles the current
technical knowledge of thermal spraying and of-
fers it in an understandable and comprehensive
manner. Practice of thermal spraying
Guidance for technical personnel
Quality assurance for sprayed coatings
Training in thermal spraying 1st Edition 2014
Mechanisation and automation of the 176 Pages, 114 Pictures, 20 Tables
spraying process
Safety at work and English Edition Volume 10
ISBN: 978-3-945023-07-5
environmental protection
Order No.: 180 011
Standards, technical bulletins, technical
codes and guidelines for thermal spraying Price: 39.50 Euro

DVS Media GmbH • Aachener Straße 172 • 40223 Düsseldorf

T +49. (0)2 11. 15 91-162 • F +49. (0)2 11. 15 91-150 • vertrieb@dvs-hg.de • www.dvs-media.eu

Welding and Cutting 13 (2014) No. 3 150


Cases of damage during the welding-related processing
of stainless steels – Avoid damage and save costs
On the basis of current cases of damage
from practice, this article describes how the
corrosion resistance of stainless steels was
decreased substantially, for example, by in-
correct material selection and improper pro-
cessing. Consequently, this led to pitting and
stress cracking corrosion as well as to inter-
crystalline and microbacterial corrosion on
the described components.
Precisely today when the fabrication
must be carried out at increasingly
favourable prices in order to withstand the
constant competitive pressure, ever more
Fig. 1 • Inside of the pipe with scale and initial signs of rust (scale: approx. 1 : 1)
Fig. 2 • Weld root with distinct corrosion coatings (scale: approx. 1 : 1)
Welding and Cutting 13 (2014) No. 3
cases of damage are happening due to low-
quality materials, improper processing or
inadequate training of the “specialist per-
sonnel“. Moreover, there is still the wide-
spread opinion that stainless steel is totally
uncritical because it cannot indeed rust.
However, it is now important, particularly
in welding technology, that the material is
processed properly since the corrosion re-
sistance is diminished considerably by in-
correct material selection or by the forma-
tion of scale and temper colours during
welding.
REPORTS
Pitting corrosion due to
inadequate root forming
The so-called stainless steels are only
corrosion-resistant if the surface is metalli-
cally bright. The corrosion resistance is en-
sured by the fact that, when the material sur-
face comes into contact with atmospheric
oxygen, it forms a chromium oxide coat, a
so-called passive coat, which makes the ma-
terial chemically resistant. In the case of
welding with the standard processses, it is
customary for temper colours and surface
scaling to arise in the region of the welded
joints in the event of inadequate shielding
gas coverage. In these regions, the passive
coat is destroyed and a protective effect
against corrosion is no longer assured.
Therefore, pitting corrosion may already
form in relatively mild conditions.
Particularly in the case of pipelines which
can indeed no longer be remachined on the
inside of the pipes after the welding, suffi-
cient backing shielding (forming) is therefore
exceptionally important in order to avoid any
damage caused by corrosion in operation
from the outset. Figs. 1 and 2 show regions
of a pipe T piece with which there was no
forming whatsoever. This resulted in extreme
scaling in the weld root region and, after an
operating time of around three months, in
leaky welds due to pitting corrosion.
Stress cracking corrosion due to
incorrect material selection
However, it is also just as important to
exactly consider in advance of the fabrica-
tion what material is suitable for what oper-
ating conditions. For example, the Z-30.3-6
authorisation notice from DIBt (German In-
stitute for Construction Technology) or DIN
6601 (positive fluid list) provides informa-
tion about this.
In the Z-30.3-6 authorisation notice, the
stainless steels are divided into four corro-
sion resistance classes and it is described in
a relatively exact way what application de-
mands what corrosion resistance class. For
example in urban areas with constantly
changing humidity, with a high exhaust gas
concentration and with thawing salt in win-
ter, a material like a 1.4301 (X5CrNi18-10 =
Resistance Class II) is not sufficiently resist-
ant. A material, for example, like a 1.4571
(X6CrNi MoTi17-12-2) or a 1.4404 (X2CrNi-
151
 REPORTS
Chromium-nickel steel – what must be borne in mind?
Workplaces for the processing of
chromium-nickel steels should be separate
from the processing places for so-called
black materials (non-stainless steels), e.g.
structural steels. The chemically resistant
surface coat of the chromium-nickel steel
may be destroyed by initial rust, grinding
dusts or flying sparks caused by grinding
or welding.
As a rule, chromium-nickel steels are
welded using a filler material with the same
composition. In this respect, the welding
fillers may have different material numbers
because of higher alloying element contents
than those in the base material. A higher
proportion in the filler material is necessary
in the case of alloying elements which are
lost due to burn-out during arc welding
processes but certain quantities of which
must be present in the weld deposit in order
to ensure the desired properties of the weld.
When chromium-nickel steels are
welded, the interpass temperature must be
kept low in order to avoid any hot cracking.
The weld pool must therefore be kept as
small as possible so that any overheating
of the material is avoided. Preference
Mo17-12-2) (= Resistance Class III) should
be used here. If a chromium-nickel steel
which does not contain any molybdenum
is utilised in the area of extremely aggressive
media (e.g. those containing chlorides), this
may lead to stress cracking corrosion – es-
pecially in the weld region where an in-
creased stress potential always exists. The
following example relates to the section of a
service water pipe in a brewery (Fig. 3). Part-
ly transcrystalline and partly intercrystalline
Fig. 3 • Overview photograph of the crack region in a service water pipe
(scale: approx. 1 : 2)
152
should be given to the welding of stringer
beads instead of weave beads. Gas-shielded
metal arc welding should be carried out
with a pulsed arc or a short arc. The tem-
perature can be measured using ther-
mochromic crayons or temperature gauges.
Voltage sources with a current drop at the
end of the process should be chosen in or-
der to avoid any end crater cracks. If possi-
ble, the welding process should not be end-
ed in the centre of the weld.
Temper colours must be removed so
that the protective oxide coat can form on
the chromium-nickel steel once again after
the welding. Grinding or pickling is to be
recommended here. For environmental
protection reasons, the pickling baths and
lyes for pickling must not enter the sewage
system but must instead be collected and
disposed of.
Moreover, tools for chromium-nickel
steels may only be used for these. That also
applies to grinding and lapping discs. If at-
tention is paid to these fundamentals, there
will be no surprises caused by damage and
the welds on chromium-nickel steel will be
pleasing.
stress cracking corrosion arose in this re-
spect. Here, it was possible to detect not only
high proportions of mineral coatings con-
sisting of potassium, calcium, silicon, sodi-
um and oxygen but also relatively high car-
bon and sulphur proportions (indications
of microbacterial influences) and chlorine
proportions (chlorides) in the corrosion
product (Fig. 4).
The present case related to a material
which was like a 1.4541 (X5CrNiTi18-10) and
Fig. 4 • Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) microanalysis of the corrosion
coating on the service water pipe on Fig. 3
did not contain any molybdenum. However,
a material in Corrosion Resistance Class III
(e.g. 1.4571) should definitely be utilised for
corrosion loads like these. In this respect, it
must, of course, be pointed out that the spe-
cified authorisation notice applies to struc-
tural steel engineering and that this case be-
longs to the field of tank construction and
thus can only be considered as a reference.
However, further indications here are also
given in DIN 6601 (positive fluid list) in
which it is stipulated what steels are suitable
for what medium.
Intercrystalline corrosion due to
high C contents and temperatures
Intercrystalline corrosion is one type of
corrosion which occurs frequently in the
case of chromium-nickel steels. This hap-
pens whenever relatively high carbon con-
tents (over 0.03%) are present and temper-
atures of 500 to 800°C arise. This is the case
not only during welding in the region of the
heat-affected zone but also during forging
and heat treatment processes. These un-
favourable conditions lead to chromium car-
bide dispersions at the grain boundaries and
thus to chromium depletion next to the grain
boundaries. As soon as an aggressive medi-
um attacks, the grain boundaries are at-
tacked and detached (Fig. 5 right).
The example on Fig. 5 shows an elec-
tropolished corner weld executed by means
of tungsten inert gas welding. In this respect,
it is recognisable that the weld and the di-
rectly adjacent region which was exposed to
temperatures higher than 800°C during the
welding have become metallically bright.
The region, approx. 2 to 3 mm next to the
weld, which had 500 to 800°C during the
welding exhibits intercrystalline corrosion,
i.e. a relatively rough surface, which was be-
Welding and Cutting 13 (2014) No. 3
 is recommended, already when the materi-
als are ordered, to ensure that the carbon
content is low or that a steel stabilised with
titanium or niobium is utilised.

Microbacterial corrosion due to

biofilms
Fig. 5 • Intercrystalline corrosion The microbacterially caused corrosion
of an electropolished corner weld is one type of corrosion which has always
and detail (right) from the corro- existed but is still not very well-known. This
sion region with grain boundaries arises wherever biological substances are in
with thick coatings use, i.e. for example, in the area of sewage
treatment plants, in paper processing and
in breweries. In these areas, the medium
contains sulphate-reducing or manganese-
gun by the electropolishing. This corrosion in the uncritical range but, according to the oxidising microorganisms which feed on the
would advance even further in operating standard, may have a maximum of 0.07%. If biological substances and, principally on
conditions. the material is really at the upper limit of weld surfaces with temper colours or scal-
The carbon content of the customary the permissible carbon content, corrosion ing, thus form biofilms underneath which
chromium-nickel steel (1.4301) is normally is nearly unavoidable in operation. Here, it an increased corrosion attack then occurs.
Problems with corrosion may also arise
Fig. 6 • Microbacterial whenever work was carried out on materials
corrosion on the containing titanium with a backing gas con-
thickener of a sewage
taining nitrogen and microbacterial influ-
treatment plant
ences exist in use. The combination of tita-
nium in the material and forming gas con-
taining nitrogen leads to titanium nitride
coatings in the weld root. These are gold-
yellow and do not normally exert any nega-
tive effects in the case of customary corro-
sion loads.
However, if biofilms are present, these
certainly result in corrosion in the form of
pitting here as well (Figs. 6 and 7). It is there-
fore advisable simply not to use a forming
gas containing nitrogen for such intended
applications but instead, for example, Ar/H2
for tungsten inert gas welding.
In order to reliably exclude any damage
of the described type in operation, the ut-
most significance is attached to taking the
greatest possible care with regard to the
training not only of the welders who must
exhibit the required manual skills but also
of the welding supervisors who are respon-
sible for the material selection and for the
processing by means of welding technology.
Well-trained welding technology personnel
ultimately help to avoid damage and to save
costs.
Gabriele Weilnhammer,
Head of Metallography in the Materials
Engineering Department,
GSI Gesellschaft für Schweißtechnik Inter-
national mbH, Niederlassung SLV
Fig. 7 • Corrosion product (biofilm) with a high sulphur content on the thickener on Fig. 6 München, Munich/Germany

Welding and Cutting 13 (2014) No. 3 153

 REPORTS
The flame-brazing of aluminium is not difficult, but it is
different to the brazing of other metals!
In the past 25 years there have been
some dramatic changes in the application
of brazing as an industrial joining process,
and nowhere have these changes been
greater than in the joining of aluminium.
This article will discuss why this is so and
describe some of the ‘difficulties’ that await
the unwary who are considering the brazing
of this ‘light metal’!
Until about 1980 mass-production braz-
ing of aluminium was hardly undertaken at
all. This was because it was considered to
be a troublesome material to braze due to
the fact that the ‘process window’ (see later)
is typically never greater than about 40°C.
Naturally, this fact demands that it is always
a fundamental necessity to exercise precise
control of the brazing temperature. In the
early 1980’s the tight level of control needed
was only available from furnace brazing and
salt-bath brazing, and for a variety of reasons
only salt-bath brazing was used to any extent
for brazing aluminium. However, for con-
cerns related to the health and safety of the
operators it was clearly not a popular
process. Furthermore, the problems related
to the post-braze removal of the salt, partic-
ularly where complex shapes were involved
that could result in entrapment of the flux
inside a brazed assembly were the primary
causes of its limited application.
Fig. 1 • Alloy flow a) horizontal, b) vertically
downwards, c) vertically upwards.
154
In the 1990’s explosive growth in the use
of aluminium as a structural material in an
increasing number of applications occurred.
Perhaps the most notable sector in which
this growth occurred was in automotive cli-
mate control systems. In the initial stages of
their programme of improvements the car
manufacturers only offered such systems as
an ‘optional extra’ on the most prestigious
models at the top of their range. This pattern
replicated the 1960’s situation where similar
considerations were concerned with the in-
terior heating of ‘family vehicles’. Now no-
body would consider buying a car that did
not contain a heater, and nowadays even
quite modest vehicles are equipped as stan-
dard with a climate control system.
Running in tandem with the demand for
climatic control was an on-going require-
ment for vehicles to become more fuel-effi-
cient. One obvious way forward was to re-
move weight from the vehicle, and it was ob-
vious that this could be achieved by replacing
the copper and brass heat-exchangers with
ones completely fabricated from aluminium.
These requirements combined to provide
the impetus for industry to ‘look again’ at all
the aspects of using aluminium as a struc-
tural material … notably the matter of joining
it to itself and also to other materials.
It was soon found that it was easier to
propose such a change than to execute it!
This finding was due to the fact that design
and fabrication engineers made the very un-
derstandable mistake of thinking that since
aluminium is ‘just another metal’, the wide
experience that they had with the brazing
of copper, brass and steels would mean that
it would be very easy to produce parts totally
fabricated from aluminium.
How wrong they were! The reality is that
aluminium has different brazing character-
istics to those of copper, brass and steel. The
more important of these differences are
highlighted in this article.
Process parameters
Brazing is generally understood to be a
capillary joining process that is carried out
at a temperature above 450°C but below the
melting temperature of the metals being
joined. Copper, brass, and steels all melt
at temperatures at or above 870°C whereas
pure aluminium melts at a mere 660°C.
It is a property of a molten filler material
that is in contact with the mouth of ‘capillary
joint gap’ that if a suitable temperature gra-
dient exists across the joint surface tension
will cause the molten filler material to flow
into and through that gap. Three widely em-
ployed alternatives of this phenomenon are
illustrated in Fig. 1.
As can readily be seen, the heat pattern
developed in each of the three cases is in-
tended to cause the molten filler metal to
flow from its point of application towards
the hottest part of the joint. This fact is a
fundamental rule of brazing, namely that,
“the filler material should always be applied
to the joint at a point that will be last part of
the assembly being brazed to reach brazing
temperature”. This rule applies in all cases
and irrespective of the heating source being
used to make the joint.
Another important feature that arises is
the fact that when the joint has been de-
signed to be made by the use of a specific
filler material it will be seen, as shown in
Fig. 1(c), that it will flow against the force
of gravity.
A further, and fundamental, factor relat-
ed to the flow of a molten filler material, is
the requirement that its flow is accompanied
by it ‘wetting’ the surface of the material over
which it is flowing. The physics of the wetting
process are relatively complex. Consequently
this phenomenon is, perhaps, more easily
understood if it is appreciated that should
the molten filler material begin to dissolve a
small amount of the parent material with
which it is in contact it is considered that the
filler material has ‘wet’ the parent material!
Consequently, during the time the filler
material is molten and in contact with the
parent material it continues to dissolve small
amounts of that material. As the direct result
of the dissolving action the composition, and
also the physical properties of the filler ma-
terial, change continuously until it solidifies.
The ‘knock-on’ effects of this occurrence de-
pend upon a number of things, particularly
the time for which the filler alloy is molten,
the temperature at which the wetting occurs
and, particularly, the compositions of both
the parent material and the filler alloy.
When aluminium and its alloys are
flame-brazed it is generally the case that one
of three aluminium-bearing filler materials
Welding and Cutting 13 (2014) No. 3
specified in ISO 17672: 2010 (see Table 1) is ISO 17672:2010 Nominal composition Melting range Table 1 • Three filler materials
the alloy of choice. Type in °C that are very widely used for the
Since it is very often the case that the brazing of aluminium based parent
parent material has relatively high alumini- Al 107 7% silicon-aluminium 575…615 materials.
Al 110 10% silicon-aluminium 575…590
um content, the material that is dissolved
Al 112 12% silicon-aluminium 575…585
by the filler alloy as it wets and flows is also
high in aluminium content. This inevitably
means that during the wetting process as sembly will heat very much more rapidly It is this feature of the aluminium braz-
the aluminium content of the filler increases that its interior, Fig. 3. ing process that makes it so very different to
its silicon content reduces. The dramatic ef- Fig. 3 represents the general case regard- that of all of the other commonly used engi-
fect that this change in composition has on ing heating for brazing. In some applica- neering materials and certainly explains why
the filler material is illustrated in Fig. 2. tions, for example the brazing of copper to a change of parent metal from copper to alu-
It will be helpful to add a few words that steel with a low-temperature silver-contain- minium for automotive radiators in the
will explain the point that Fig. 2 is attempting ing filler material, the magnitude of the 1980’s was not accomplished as smoothly
to make. When an alloy at the eutectic com- ‘process window’ will be about 400°C. How- as had been contemplated!
position of the aluminium-silicon system is ever, when aluminium alloys are being This consideration inexorably leads to
used to braze a parent material that has a brazed to each other with, for example, any the conclusion that a brazing process that
high aluminium content the silicon content of the filler materials in Table 1, the ‘process will provide control of the temperature gra-
of the filler material will be progressively re- window’ will be no greater than about 40°C dient experienced by the components is al-
duced as it dissolves a portion of the parent and in some situations may be only 20°C. ways to be preferred when aluminium or its
material over which is flowing. Clearly, this explains why close attention to alloys are to be joined by brazing. This factor
This will inevitably lead to the premature the control of the temperature of the heating tends to explain:
‘freezing’of the filler material and may result stage of the process is of fundamental im- • The relatively wide use of mechanised
in the joint being only partially filled. N.B.: portance! flame-brazing systems of varying com-
When, in the case illustrated in Fig. 2, the
filler metal freezes its composition will be Table 2 •
about 8% silicon-aluminium and will have The family
of wrought
a melting range of about 575 to 630°C.
aluminium
Dealing with this problem provides an-
alloys and
other of the fundamental rules of brazing, their re-
i.e.: If excessive inter-alloying between the spective AA
molten filler material and the parent met- designa-
al(s) cannot be controlled by strict regula- tions.
tion of the brazing time and temperature,
its harmful effects can be minimised by in-
creasing the joint gap size when ‘freezing’
occurs and reducing it if the problem is
one of excessive erosion of the parent ma-
terial.
It is easy to demonstrate that the higher
the temperature the greater will be amount
of inter-alloying that occurs. Therefore close
control of the process temperature is a fun-
damental requirement for a successful out-
come. This requirement moves us neatly in-
to the need to consider another of the import
Fig. 2 • The effect
terms in the vocabulary of brazing – i.e. on the brazing
“Process Window“. process carried out
at 630°C when a
Parent material considerations 12% silicon-alu-
Aluminium alloys are classified accord- minium alloy
ing to the alloying elements that they con- (melting range
tain. The Aluminium Association (AA) des- 575-585°C) is
ignations are shown in Table 2. used for the braz-
ing of a parent
material that con-
Process Window
tains a high alu-
It is clear that when an external source minium content.
of heat, for example a flame, is applied to
an assembly the exterior surface of that as-

Welding and Cutting 13 (2014) No. 3 155

 REPORTS

Joint design criteria

As mentioned earlier, brazing is essen-
tially a process in which the filler metal is
drawn by capillary attraction into a gap be-
tween closely adjacent surfaces that substan-
tially parallel to each other. In brazing prac-
tice use is generally made of lap joints, since
under ideal conditions the finished joint
should be subjected to shear-stress rather
than tensile-stress. Due to this consideration,
when brazing is to be the joining method of
choice, it is normal to select a design that
conforms to those shown in Fig. 4 (b).
The illustrations shown in Fig. 4 com-
pare the design of some joints recom-
mended for welding, Fig. 4 (a),with those
in Fig. 4 (b) considered suitable for brazing.
In the latter cases the strength and relia-
bility of the joints depend to a large extent
Fig. 3 • A representation of the meaning of ‘process window’.
on the penetration by the molten filler ma-
terial into a capillary gap and very much
plexity for the joining of aluminium and • The undisputed accuracy of the second less to the reliance of large external fillets
its alloys. Golden Rule of heating for brazing that are often a characteristic of a welded
• The fundamental necessity to design which states: ‘It is almost never sensi- joint. It is only when brazing aluminium
joints that are capable of being brazed ble to use the most intensive heat- that there is an exception to this general
either by hand or automatically without source when selecting the heating rule, and a compromise between the de-
undue difficulty. method to use for the job in question’. signs used for welding and capillary braz-
ing becomes the norm, Fig. 4 (c).
Fig. 4 • A selection of When brazing aluminium one encoun-
joint designs suitable ters the relatively rare situation of the use of
for differing joining a brazing filler material whose composition
processes.
is in the same ‘alloy family’ as the parent ma-
terial and where, as a consequence, they have
melting points that are very close to those of
the parent materials that they are required to
join! This factor inevitably results in a high
rate of solution of the parent material by the
filler metal; leading to the latter’s progressive
loss of its ability to flow freely. A further neg-
ative result of this phenomenon is that as the
filler material loses it ability to flow a ‘knock-
on’ effect is its inability to flush a molten flux
out of the joint. This is particularly the case
where the design of the components leads to
the presence of long lap-joints.
Due to these considerations it explains
why it is therefore desirable to use joint de-
signs that are a compromise between the
‘fillet’ form used in welding and the ‘lap’
type normally used for brazing and, in ad-
dition, to employ slightly wider clearances
than those generally recommended for use
when making brazed joints with free-flowing
filler materials.
Fig. 4 (c) shows some examples of the
‘half-lap’ fillet arrangement that are best suit-
ed to the brazing of aluminium and its alloys.
Fortunately, this use of a ‘compromise de-
sign’ does not imply that brazed joints in alu-

156 Welding and Cutting 13 (2014) No. 3

minium are weaker, relative to the material
joined, than is the case with most other met-
als. The family of aluminium brazing filler
materials are so strong, in comparison with
the parent materials on which they are used,
that in practice a joint that is equal in length
to the thickness of the material being joined
usually proves to be stronger than the par-
ent material itself! The inherent danger in
such circumstance of stress-concentration
at the joint is minimised by the low modulus
of elasticity of aluminium, which is certainly
no greater than that of the filler material that
has been used to make the joint.
It is therefore abundantly clear that the
flame-brazing of aluminium is not difficult,
but it is different to the brazing of other met-
als!
A summary of the reality of the situation
is set out below:
1. The amount of dissolution of the parent
metal by the molten filler metal is very
high.
2. The fluidity of the molten filler material
is substantially reduced as flows over the
surface of the parent material.
3. The liquidus temperature of the filler
material rises as it dissolves aluminium
from the substrate over which it is flow-
ing.
4. Premature solidification of the filler ma-
terial in the joint is a commonly experi-
enced phenomenon.
5. Due to the progressive reduction in flu-
idity experienced by the filler material
during the brazing process, brazing flux-
es cannot be easily flushed out of long,
narrow joints by the advancing front of
the molten filler; they tend to remain
trapped in poorly designed joints.
6. Due to the combined effects of the
above five points it is possible that the
production of joints that are only par-
tially filled will be a commonplace oc-
currence.
7. Depending upon the joint designand the
heat pattern developed during the braz-
ing cycle, the presence of smooth regular
fillets at either end of a sleeve joint is
likely even if, overall, the joint has only
a relatively low percentage fill.
8. The process window is very narrow; this
demands that very precise control of the
component temperatures during the
heating stage of the brazing operation is
fundamental to the overall success of the
operation.
9. The best joint design is one that is a com-
promise between a ‘butt’ and a ‘lap’.
Welding and Cutting 13 (2014) No. 3
10. Joint overlap lengths do not follow the
rule of ‘between three and four times the
thickness of the thinnest member of the
assembly’. Zero defects in
TIG welding
11. The strength of the brazing filler material
is normally greater than that of the par-
ent material.
These eleven features account for nearly
all of the difficulties that are faced by pro- & cladding
duction engineers the first time they are
required to undertake the brazing of alu-
minium. It is frequently the case that a sim-
ple solution to the particular problem be-
ing faced is not always easy to achieve. This
is particularly true if the past experience
at the site relates, for example, only to cop-
per, brasses, bronzes and steels. In such
cases it is often found that it has been as-
sumed that the brazing of aluminium will
follow the well-trodden path used for cop-
per or steel, and that the technological pa-
rameters that apply to that combination
will apply to aluminium … after all is said
and done … aluminium is only another
metal!
As we have seen in this article while alu-
minium is indeed ‘just another metal’, the
procedures that have to be followed to ensure
the production of successfully brazed joints
is very different to those employed with w e ldin g & c
such materials as copper, brass and steels!
it al la
d
b
Perhaps the worst scenario that can arise
di
Or
ng
in such a situation is that a Brazing Process
Specification is prepared based on the
knowledge of brazing that exists in the com-
pany who has a‘new requirement’ to braze
aluminium. In this eventuality it will not take
too long for the people charged with making
the brazed joints to discover that their ‘spec-
ification’ has been based on a series of false
premises, and these have led to a whole host
of production ‘problems’!
Clearly, all of the problems mentioned in
ldin g & c
this article can arise, but comfort can be gained we la
d
from the fact that world-wide literally billions
ed
di
of brazed aluminium joints are made each
is
an
ng
day. In consequence people who are required
M ech
to braze this ‘light metal’ for the first time now
know that it can be done very successfully.
The most common problems that are likely to
be encountered, together with their cures, have
been mentioned in this article.
P. M. Roberts, Delphi Brazing Consultants,
Congleton, Cheshire/UK
This article is partially based upon the content
of Chapter 9 of Industrial Brazing Practice: 2nd
Edition , by P.M.Roberts, published by CRC Press,
A member of
Boca Raton, Florida, USA, in March 2013.
www.polysoude.com
 REPORTS
Welding procedure specifications in accordance with
ASME Section IX – successful international production
For the export of plant and equipment
engineering there is no way round the ASME
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. Public au-
thorities, operators, planners and investors
all demand compliance for pressure equip-
ment in the USA, Canada and many other
countries. The ASME Code is also frequently
applied in conjunction with the European
Pressure Equipment Directive 97/23/EC.
When configuring and producing to the rel-
evant ASME Code, the ASME Section IX for
the qualification of the welding procedure
is also to be applied. The article describes
the contexts and the practical implementa-
tion with the assistance of software.
ASME Section IX “Qualification Stan-
dard for Welding and Brazing Procedures,
Welders, Brazers, and Welding and Brazing
Operators“ (Fig. 1) describes the qualifica-
tion of welding and brazing procedures as
well as welder, operators and brazing qual-
ification. This paper deals only with welding
procedures. In Section IX, the relevant parts
are labeled „QW-“. The prefix characters
identify the article and the other digits iden-
tify the paragraphs. Article 1, QW-100 mainly
describes, after a general introduction, the
implementation of the mechanical proving
of test pieces, albeit without addressing
Fig. 2 • ASME
WPS entry – only
the respective
variable in each
case is displayed
for the selected
process.
158
Fig. 1 • ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code,
Section IX.
which test is necessary in each individual
case. Article 2, QW-200 describes the quali-
fication of welding procedures. Welding Pro-
cedure Specifications (WPS) are described
and for each welding procedure it is deter-
mined what information the WPS must con-
tain, which test piece has to be welded and
how this is to be tested. The test piece and
the test result must be documented in a pro-
tocol entitled Procedure Qualification
Record (PQR).
Sound knowledge necessary
In comparison with other Standards, for
example the EN series, the scope of the tests,
specimen dimensions, tolerances, material
groups and many other details are deter-
mined differently but the principle remains
the same: the welding company must prove
that the planned welding procedure leads
to load-bearing bond. In accordance with
ASME Section IX, the welding company is
obligated to perform the procedure test itself
and under its own control. It cannot use the
WPSs or PQRs of another company, even if
they are the customer. This explicit respon-
sibility and the trust in the welding company
is often initially unfamiliar for German com-
panies but in international plant construc-
tion it is completely normal and taken for
granted.
Customers and certifying authorities ex-
amine WPSs and PQRs very precisely but
do not issue them, as that is the responsi-
bility of the welding company. It is impera-
tive that the person responsible in the weld-
ing company pays great attention in adher-
ing to all the information required in the
Welding and Cutting 13 (2014) No. 3
documentation, the right scope of applica-
tion and the right testing. Errors in WPSs
and PQRs can lead to considerable difficul-
ties in the acceptance process or even ren-
der the procedure test invalid; the finished
weld seam would thereby be beyond rescue.
To avoid problems, a sound knowledge of
Section IX is therefore necessary in compil-
ing a WPS. Professional aids such as the
„weldassistant“ software can contribute to
the correct and complete compilation of the
documentation. In this way the welding
company can do justice to its responsibility.
It compiles a reliable and correct document
and it’s the customer who returns – not the
product. In conjunction with the European
Pressure Equipment Directive 97/23/EC,
Section IX of the ASME can be superlatively
deployed. That makes sense above all when
the pressure equipment is being built in ac-
cordance with ASME technical specifica-
tions. As per Guideline 6/12 of the Pressure
Equipment Directive, however, the scope of
the test and the acceptance criteria for the
procedure examination must be consistent
with those of the Standard EN-15614. That
means in practice that, in addition to the
tensile and bend tests, non-destructive
tests, notch impact tests and macro-exam-
inations are also to be performed. Depend-
ing on hazard potential, Category II, III and
IV equipment as per the Pressure Equip-
ment Directive official approval of the WPS
must be conducted by the Centre named or
by a recognised test center. That means the
submission of an ASME WPS /PQR combi-
nation cannot be retrospectively „faith-
healed“ if the tests have not been docu-
mented.
Create resources – not tie them up
To compile a regulation compliant WPS
as per ASME Section IX or EN 15609, an ever
more comprehensive knowledge of the re-
spective system of regulations is necessary.
The “weldassistant“ software example shows
how software can support the compilation
of WPSs in accordance with ASME Section
IX and to European Standards. Modern soft-
ware should create resources and not tie
them up. In line with this maxim, the
process-dependent entry structure is also
implemented in the case of an ASME WPS.
Comprehensive tables of weldable parent
materials, welding fillers and more than
2000 ready-made seam geometry and weld
sequence sketches facilitate the entry of pre-
cise information and the determination of
variables. 13 languages are available for in-
Welding and Cutting 13 (2014) No. 3
Fig. 3 • A WPS/PQR check list assists with the WPS entry.
American Society of Mechani-
cal Engineers – ASME
The American Society of Mechanical
Engineers (ASME) is a professional asso-
ciation of mechanical engineers in the
USA. The association with its headquar-
ters in New York City was founded in
1880. It concentrates on the promotion
of science and engineering through the
arrangement of congresses and symposia,
on advanced training through the organ-
isation of courses and lecturing events
and on the preparation of Technical
Guidelines and Standards. The associa-
tion is sub-divided into different specialist
associations, e.g. for aircraft construction,
materials engineering, nanotechnology,
(nuclear) power station engineering, rail-
road engineering, heat transfer, fluid me-
chanics, pressure vessel and pipeline en-
gineering. ASME Standards are applied
in many countries throughout the world.
The knowledge and application of these
Standards is therefore important for many
companies based in Germany in order
for them to be able to export their goods
and services.
From the page “American Society of Me-
chanical Engineers“. In: Wikipedia – The Free
Encyclopedia. As at: 27 May 2013, 15:45
UTC. URL: http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.
php?title= American_Society_of_Mechani-
cal_Engineers&oldid=118933797 (accessed
16 July 2013, 10:14 UTC)
ternational application in plant construction
which can also be changed retrospectively.
In the ASME WPS, the basic language is al-
ways English. Data is entered in the selected
program language. Selected WPS data (texts)
from selection windows are automatically
integrated into the WPS in English and in
the selected language. Depending on the
welding process, specific variables are
named and defined in the WPS and/or PQR.
There are three categories of variables.
• E = Essential variables – these must be
described in the WPS and recorded in
the PQR. Alterations to these variables
necessitate a new qualification of the
WPS, thus also a new PQR.
• S = Supplementary essential variables
– these only have to be described in the
WPS and recorded in the PQR where
notch impact tests are required. Alter-
ations to these variables necessitate a
new qualification of the WPS where
notch impact tests are required. With-
out the notch impact tests, these vari-
ables do not have to be taken into ac-
count.
• N = Nonessential variables – these must
be described in the WPS but do not ne-
cessitate a new WPS qualification in the
case of alterations.
Leave out unnecessary
information
The software displays only the relevant
variables in each case for the selected
process. That ensures that the WPS addresses
159
 REPORTS
Fig. 5 • Extension module from ESAB for welding filler materials.
all the necessary variables and omits unim-
portant information (Fig. 2). An ASME
WPS/PQR checklist helps in evaluating these
variables and in recording the appropriate
data (Fig. 3). Standard texts are stored for
many of these variables, which only have to
be selected. The WPS overview assists in or-
160
ganising the welding procedure specifica-
tions, compiling new WPSs, locating previ-
ously saved WPSs by using various filters,
copying these, renaming them and retrieving
them (Fig. 4). Standards conformant data to
ASME and European Standards, e.g. parent
materials with ASME P-No. and Group No.,
Fig. 6 • Base frame
with the seating for
the slew ring of a
hydraulic trash track
cleaner.
Fig. 4 • The
WPS overview
simplifies the
loading and
retrieval of a
WPS.
group classification of metallic materials to
ISO 15608 as well as welding fillers, gases
etc. saves researching printed and online me-
dia. The manufacturer Plug-In concept as-
sists in the search for suitable welding fillers
and welding auxiliary materials by means of
extension modules for the software (Fig. 5).
In this respect, the manufacturers also offer
data sheets on the products in addition to
the tabular information. Equipped with the
most important languages, users are well
prepared for international business and are
able to fulfil the quality requirements of
ASME Section IX as well as the parts of DIN
EN ISO 3834, DIN EN 1090 etc. A “STARTER
Edition“ without databases with EN WPS
functional scope is available to the user for
testing free of charge at www.weldassistant.
de.
Outstanding features of the software are:
• own weld joint sketches can be import-
ed;
• each WPS is saved in a file and can be
sent per e-mail or stored on a file server;
• own parent and filler materials can be
stored and re-used;
• rapid retrieval of the procedure test to
be used and its status;
• compilation of the documentation in 15
languages (German, English, French,
Italian, Croatian, Polish, Portuguese,
Russian, Spanish, Czech, Turkish, Hun-
garian, Bulgarian, Slovenian and Chi-
nese);
• plug-in concept.
Outstanding ASME features are:
• entry structure is process-dependent in
accordance with “Welding variables“
from ASME Section IX, QW-252 et seq.;
• all (more than 2,000) ASME parent ma-
terials with P-No. and Group No. as well
as additional material groups to ISO
15608;
Welding and Cutting 13 (2014) No. 3
 • ASME welding filler materials with
AWS/SFA designation;
• dual language ASME WPS.

Proven in practice
About two and a half years ago, the com-
pany Gesellschaft für Planung, Maschinen-
und Mühlenbau Erhard Muhr mbH, in Bran-
nenburg/Germany, installed the software de-
scribed. The company produces trash track
cleaning systems for the civil engineering hy-
draulics sector (Figs. 6 and 7) and lift gates
for bulk material engineering, container and
drum mixers and bulk loading systems for si-
lo/HGV loading. In the period prior to the in-
troduction of the software, specialist welding
engineer Thomas Grum worked with “Word“
forms which he developed himself but which,
among other things, had the disadvantage of
him having to compile separate lists in “Ex- Fig. 7 • Hydraulic trash track cleaner in use in Rock Island, Illinois/USA (Figs.: ASME (1), hsk (2 to 5),
cel“ with the abstracts of the already compiled Muhr (6, 7))
welding procedure specifications and the cer-
tified welders in order not to loose the titude of these available. In this respect, Grum P FW 8.1 S t6 PB sl a5). This allows him to use
overview or avoid duplication of the work. particularly liked the fact that he could re- an even finer filter when searching.
Just as time-consuming was the genera- use his own previously generated sketches in The whole thing acts similarly with the
tion of sketches (configuration of the joint many established formats such as .gif, .jpg, welders. In this case, one can filter according
and the welding sequence) on a CAD (Com- .bmp which increased the flexibility. to individual criteria of EN 287-1. In so do-
puter Aided Design) program. So the user Also very well solved, in his view, are the ing, one gets a quick result: which welder is
went in search of a program that, rather than search functions in the welder administration suitable for a specific welding task. Using
detain him from his work, accelerated it. databases, with the welding procedure spec- the previously mentioned free version it is
Quickly, after one or two failed attempts, he ifications and the process certifications. possible to call up all information without
bumped into the “weldassistant“. With the Should a user need an appropriate welding having to purchase an additional program.
free, downloadable version, Grum was able procedure specification for a particular weld- This simplifies in-house cooperation. Hence
without time pressure to deal sufficiently with ing task, they will get the desired result quickly the works foremen can get an overall picture
it and try out all the functions. In the process, by filtering the parent materials or using a of the certified welders and the designers an
he particularly liked the way everything is WPS number, S-No., a customer order num- overview of the welding procedure specifi-
arranged very simply and clearly which en- ber or product provided the welding proce- cations already available.
abled him to get into the program very rap- dure specification has already been compiled. Klaus Hoffmann, hsk-welding solutions
idly. Expensive and time-consuming learning Grum personally traces the specified desig- GbR, Viernheim; Dirk Kölbl, CIS GmbH
curves are dispensed with. Management of nation of the welder certification to EN 287-1 Consulting Inspection Services, Essen and
the separate lists described is likewise dis- (certification of welders) under the menu item Thomas Grum, Gesellschaft für Planung,
pensed with and hardly a CAD sketch needs “Product“. In the case of a fillet weld, he inserts Maschinen- und Mühlenbau Erhard Muhr
to be self-prepared as the program has a mul- the a-dimension at the end (for example: 135 mbH, Brannenburg/Germany

Upgrade your favorite welding tool

with a Push-Pull from Mechafin.
Mechafin AG (Head-Office)
Attach every kind of feeder with
Chrummacherstrasse 3 the new electronic controller.
CH-8954 Geroldswil
Switzerland
Fon 0041 44 749 30 60
Fax 0041 44 749 30 70

Mechafin (U.K) Limited

Leigh Street
High Wycombe
Bucks. HP11 2QU
England
Fon 0044 1494 44 11 10
Fax 0044 1494 47 30 49
To Korea for once: DVS is promoting participation
in the IIW event in Seoul
With regard to the 67th IIW Annual As-
sembly & International Conference of the
International Institute of Welding (IIW)
which will take place in Seoul/Korea on 13
to 18 July 2014, DVS has offered to promote
the participation of young up-and-coming
scientists from Germany this year too. 34
Germany-wide “Technology Day“ in 2014 as well
On 13 and 14 June 2014, societies, asso-
ciations, companies and institutions from
all over the country will be ready to jointly
commit themselves to the “Future Project“
on the “Technology Day“ in 2014, also in-
cluding DVS. On two days, the spotlight will
be on amazing experiments and technical
DVS at the “Open Day“ at the Düsseldorf University of
Applied Sciences for the first time
At the beginning of every year, the Düs-
seldorf University of Applied Sciences stages
an “Open Day“ in order to introduce its
available teaching range and the specialist
fields to the prospective students, the teach-
ers, the parents and the interested parties.
A lot of firms and associations then take the
opportunity to provide information also
about corresponding occupations and fur-
ther education possibilities. Thus, DVS was
represented with an information booth for
the first time in January. The various booths
162
young scientists from 18 insti-
tutes and firms have taken the
opportunity and have applied
for promotion.
The promotion of the IIW
participation is intended for
the so-called Young Profession-
als. These include students of en-
gineering sciences related to joining
technology, university assistants and doc-
toral candidates as well as young employees
who have university degrees and have been
working in their occupations for a maximum
of two years. In addition to a DVS member-
ship and the stipulation that first-time par-
ticipants must not be more than 35 years’
shows of the most diverse kinds for young
and old. The reporter and presenter Jo Hiller
who presents German television pro-
grammes like “Planet Wissen“ (Planet
Knowledge) or “Disneyclub“ will be the pa-
tron of the event this year. With join-in
events, the “Technology Day“ will offer
some of which were also looked after by stu-
dents and teachers were set up in the corri-
dors of the University of Applied Sciences.
The visitors thus received comprehensive
advice about the specialist fields and the
possible occupations. On the DVS booth,
pupils, students and teachers were able to
obtain information about the society’s work
and about a membership of DVS. Interest
centred especially on the reasons for a mem-
bership, such as the collaboration in an in-
ternational network, the wide range of ex-
old, another prerequisite for the
promotion is the presentation
of a paper in an IIW working
group or in the International
Conference.
For the Young Profes-
sionals, participation in the
events of IIW is exciting in every
respect. They get to know the leading
international experts in joining technology
in person and can thus extend their net-
works. They gather experience in delivering
lectures and in discussing their research re-
sults in front of an international public and,
not least, can also increase their intercultural
competence.
everybody enthusiastic about technology
and all tinkerers the possibility of getting to
the bottom of technical phenomena. There-
fore, the motto of the event in 2014 too will
be “Fascination of technology: Experience
and join in“.
pert information on offer, the person-to-per-
son contact in situ and, above all, the various
possibilities in the field of the promotion of
the up-and-coming generation.
The demand for the free membership for
students was high and provided a good oc-
casion to establish contacts and to hold dis-
cussions. The advice provided by DVS was
supported in a graphic way by the informa-
tion material which it brought along with it,
e.g. the DVS magazine, the trade journals as
well as the various flyers and giveaways.
Welding and Cutting 13 (2014) No. 3
An eye on the electron beam: DVS research seminar
held in February
The DVS research seminar “The electron
beam as a tool for joining technology: High-
productivity joining processes with precision
and efficiency for innovative applications“
took place at the Welding Training and Re-
search Institute in Halle on 20 February
2014. The objective was to intensify the ex-
pert discussions between all the participants
beyond competitive limits and individual
interests.
The objective of the DVS seminar about electron beam welding was to intensify the expert
discussions between all the participants beyond competitive limits and individual interests.
Welding and Cutting 13 (2014) No. 3
Contributions made by industrial users
about the need for technology as well as ma-
terial-related and process-related presenta-
tions, for example, from the fields of aero-
space, the automobile industry and offshore
wind energy were introduced in order to
stimulate the discussions between the over
70 participants. Another basis for discussion
was offered by a study which was commis-
sioned by DVS and concerned the determi-
nation of the state of the art in the environ-
ment of electron beam technology as well
as the presentation of its current applica-
tions, limits and opportunities.
According to the DVS study, the high in-
vestment costs are a reason for small and
medium-sized companies not to decide in
favour of an electron beam installation.
Moreover, the long service life of such an in-
stallation conflicts with the rather short
product life cycle in some sectors.
The discussion of the results is to be con-
tinued on the international level as well in
the International Institute of Welding (IIW)
in July 2014. Further information: DVS,
Dipl.-Ing. Christoph Eßer-Ayertey, e-mail:
christoph.esser@dvs-hg.de.
163
 REPORTS
Automation – Key to improving quality and
productivity in electron beam welding
Report based on the Portevin Lecture held at the 66th IIW Annual Assembly in Essen 2013
Speaking of automation, it is generally
understood that a machine does a number
of chained production processes by itself
without manual interference. The purpose
of automation is to increase productivity, at
the same time to reduce scrap rates and
eliminate tiring labour. However, as this is
state of the art and as the subject “automa-
tion“ is too diversified to deal with in one
article, this paper concentrates on the “in-
Fig. 1 • The weld shape is influenced by beam
power, focus position, beam oscillation and
welding speed. It may be deep and slender or
shallow and wide (top: 150 mm deep, 6 mm
wide, bottom: 1.9 mm deep, 4 mm wide).
164
telligence” of an electron beam for automa-
tion. The peculiar property and capability
inherent only in electron beam technology
is the rapid and nearly inertialess direct con-
trollability by computers in nearly real time.
A further physical property has now become
an important carrier of automation: back
scattered electrons. They are generated
when the beam hits material. When the
beam is scanned over a surface, this will be
Fig 2 • Manual teaching for semi-automated
welding.
Fig 3 • Automatically
scanned contours: circular
scan to center a part, e.g. a
coin – the unwrapping is a
straight line when cen-
tered (top); scan of a
welding contour of a heat
exchanger – the unwrap-
ping of the scan must re-
sult in a straight line (bot-
tom; the irregularities re-
sult from the secure punch
marks).
visualised like on a scanning microscope.
When scanning across the weld joint, its po-
sition is detected.
Examples of automated electron
beam welding
The high power density allows shaping
the weld as required: deep and slender or
wide and shallow, Fig. 1. The high mobility
of the focus spot, initiated by electro-mag-
netic fields, permits manual as well as direct
computer control. Transformation of the ki-
netic energy of the electrons into heat pro-
duce the weld pool, whereas positioning is
by interpreting the back scattered electrons,
generated during short intervals of welding
with low beam power.
The first step of automation is to make
sure that the thermal tool electron beam is
constant and always the same in its geomet-
rical and optical parameters. This adjust-
ment requires skilled and experienced op-
erators who in industry are not always avail-
able. An automated adjustment routine does
exactly the same thing as an operator would
do: wobbling around zero position and fix
the right point. As a result the beam adjusts
and calibrates itself.
A typical application for automation is
to weld many identical parts. It was a tiring
procedure to position each part with optics
under a reticule. When the operator‘s eye
got tired, the amount of scrap was increas-
ing. Therefore CNC control was introduced,
which, however, needed precise tools and
positioning equipment. From time to time
manual input was necessary as the system
warms up and expands. Therefore it was the
next task to get rid of this problem.
The simplest kind of a weld is linear and
the operator has to position the electron
beam at the start and end point of the joint
by turning the knob of the deflection ampli-
fier and teach the position to the computer
for linear interpolation. For welding a circle
he teaches three points and circular inter-
polation. For a free shape line he teaches
several points and asks for spline interpola-
tion, Fig. 2. This semi automation is time
consuming and not very precise.
However, the big innovation came from
introducing the information on the weld
Welding and Cutting 13 (2014) No. 3
Fig 4 • Valve head flap and cross section of
slender weld.
Fig. 5 • The complete surface is scanned and the
computer centers the hub weld.
joint by back scattered electrons. In order to
improve precision and speed of teaching an
automated scan, perpendicular to the joint,
follows the weld line – similar to a race car
simulator on a game boy – and stores the
weld geometry in the computer. Take the ex-
ample of a coin, Fig. 3 top: As the unwrap-
ping is a sine shape the center is offset. The
computer centers automatically and the line
is straight, Fig. 3 bottom. This was the big
step in technology for automation in EB-
welding. Contrary to the heat exchanger on
Fig. 2, this contour of the weld joint is not
taught manually, but scanned automated
perpendicular to the line and stored in the
computer.
Welding and Cutting 13 (2014) No. 3
Fig. 6 • Electron beam welding of high current switches:
The weld positions of the cables have too large toler-
ances for CNC controlled precise welding without auto-
matic corrections.
Fig. 7 • Largest electron beam welder for subcontract work: Ariane rocket fuel tank robot welded
from two 70 mm thick aluminium plates, subsequently formed and machined.
Precise tools are no longer needed. A The computer calculates the center for
loose fit considerably eases loading the proper welding.
pallets and even expanding by warm up of On the high current switches on Fig. 6
the system is no problem, as the measuring there are several welds. The contact pieces
beam is at the same time the welding tool. made from sintered silver-nickel-tungsten
As the weld is deep and very slender, and the one to three copper cables have to
Fig. 4, positioning has to be very precise, be welded to the levers and then it is assem-
in the range of 20 μm. On the part on Fig. bled to a copper block. The deviations of
5 there is no center and the weld joint is joint position from nominal on workpieces
invisible from vertical down due to the from industrial mass production are con-
high hub. Still the automatic centering can siderable.
be performed. The complete surface is Fig. 7 shows the largest electron beam
scanned in order to produce a full picture. welder worldwide for subcontract work. The
165
 REPORTS
Fig. 8 • Pressure sensor for “common rail“ injec-
tion system (top), monitored by backscattered
electrons (bottom left), unwrapping of a mis-
aligned circumference joint (bottom right).
Fig. 9 • Electron beam welded piston rod with
quality control number.
combined gantry and robot motion system
has eight CNC axes and another eight for
the beam control. In low penetration welds
the automated correction of misalignment
is done by beam deflection. However when
a deep weld has to be performed, the cor-
rection by angular deflection would lead to
lack of fusion at the root of the weld. There-
fore the correction has to be done by the
mechanical motion, either by an x-y table
or by a robot system or both, securing that
the beam hits vertically to the surface.
There are numerous applications where
a quality control is required before welding
in order to avoid welding of misassembled
or misaligned parts and thus producing
scrap. The back scattered electrons signal to
the CNC the unwrapping of the rotating part
and decide whether the part may be welded
or be rejected before welding. The pressure
sensor on Fig. 8 tumbles due to bad assem-
bly. On a piston rod the scan of the unwrap-
166
ping delivers a straight line and therefore it
may be welded. As a good part it is marked
with a quality control number, Fig. 9.
Today one piece flow is preferred for
mass production. A typical part is the gear
ring on Fig. 10 made from flat material with
a dovetail shape of the joint. Parts may arrive
at the welding station in varying positions
or even upside down. The two parts at the
right are inverted. It is no longer necessary
to rotate the part into a uniform location;
the beam scans the actual position and
welds accordingly. The deviations from
nominal in both directions are document-
ed.
Heavy parts of martensitic steel use to
have strong magnetic fields which are quite
difficult to remove. A scan with the electron
beam shows where strong deflection occurs
and the computer automatically compen-
sates by beam deflection within acceptable
limits, Fig. 11.
Fig. 10 • The gear
rings may be in
different positions
or even upside
down, the weld
will be automati-
cally placed in
correct location.
Fig. 11 • The beam deflection by residual mag-
netic fields may be smoothed by computer cor-
rections.
Fig. 12 • Turbine vane ring: Completed stator
assembly with flanges attached (top), detail of
vane assembly as welded (bottom left), assem-
bling and welding jig with stator ring in place
(bottom right).
Another category of work pieces carry a
large number of joints, e.g. turbine vane
rings, Fig. 12. A weld sequence plan has to
be evaluated for symmetric heat input, tak-
ing shrinkage into account. For plausibility
a control is introduced by scanning three
times along the straight joint and verify that
the signals are in line. Including the tack
welds this manless operation totals to 1,284
scans and 535 welds, performed within 45
min, a time, which just allows a diligent op-
erator to assemble the next ring of vanes.
The ring of vanes, Fig. 13 bottom, the so
called front bearing housing, is made of ti-
tanium. The challenge for automation is to
detect the joint with sufficient contrast and
sharpness between the crooked profiles of
the vanes. Due to poor accessibility it has to
be done at a long distance and oblique. With
manual EB welding two operators need 8 h
to finish one ring of vanes. The manless op-
eration takes 4 h and produces much fewer
Welding and Cutting 13 (2014) No. 3
 Fig. 14 •
One beam
jumps at
high fre-
quency be-
tween three
weld spots.

Fig. 13 • Weld seams on final assembly.

Scanned image of the automatic seam tracking
system running in the standard mode.

defects. For the complete assembly 19 dif-
ferent welding operations are necessary.
The so called multi-beam technology
uses actually only one beam which jumps
so fast between several positions that the in-
ertia of our eyes or of heat flow sees several
spots of impact of this one beam. The tem-
perature of the melt pool stays constant
when the beam comes back in sufficient
short time. With three weld spots, Fig. 14,
symmetric heat input and symmetric shrink-
age is performed, thus preventing offset of
the axis of gear and synchronizing ring. The
result is a more silent gearbox.
Another application on a catalytic con-
verter, Fig. 15, requires very slow welding
due to evaporation of coating on the large
wire mesh surface. The four layers of each
pocket are molten together with a butt weld.
The electron beam jumps 1000 times per
second to each of the 60 welds. By this
method the complete catalytic exhaust con-
verter is welded in one run. An even faster
process is called “flash technique”. The com-
plete contour of a joint or even several joints
is welded within one instant. The time of
impact depends on metallurgical and geo-
metrical requirements. The weld contours
are programmed and the beam follows those
several 100 or 1,000 times per second.
Depending on the kind of material e.g.
pressure cast aluminium, it may be neces-
sary to preheat, to clean or to degas the part,

Now including DIN EN

ISO 9001:2008-12

Thermal spraying – Standards and Technical

Bulletins for Quality Assurance
Thermal spraying protects materials from wear, corrosion, extreme temperatures, Thermal spraying – Standards and
Technical Bulletins for Quality Assurance
chemical loading, and other effects. The DIN EN and DIN EN ISO Standards included
in this CD-ROM, and their corresponding DVS technical rules cover all significant as-
Order number: 509770
pects of this topic, such as material characteristics, test methods, surface treatment,
ISBN: 978-3-87155-977-6
classification, delivery conditions, etc., with a special emphasis on quality and safety.
Most of the documents are available in both English and German. The CD-ROM Price: 199.00 Euro
comes with yearly updates.
System requirements:
State of : September 2013. Windows-PC; Windows XP, Windows Vista or Windows 7;
On subscription only. Purchase implies subscription for at least one year. 128 MB RAM; no hard drive memory requirement.

DVS Media GmbH • Aachener Straße 172 • 40223 Düsseldorf

T +49. (0)2 11. 15 91-162 • F +49. (0)2 11. 15 91-150 • vertrieb@dvs-hg.de • www.dvs-media.eu

Welding and Cutting 13 (2014) No. 3 167

 REPORTS

Fig. 15 • Catalytic parallel, but when the curve starts, the outer
converter: Simul- beam has to be faster and the inner beam
taneous welding slower than the center beam, Fig. 16 right.
of 60 filter pock- As a consequence the beam power has to
ets made of coat-
be adapted automatically according to each
ed wire mesh (left)
weld speed.
and cross section
through the four
layer butt weld of Looking back
each filter pocket The ultimate challenge of automated
(right). electron beam welding is to be found in out-
er space. It is a clear advantage to use elec-
tron beam welding in space for two reasons:
there is the best vacuum already provided
for free and the electron beam offers the best
efficiency for energy consumption of all
to weld it and to make a cosmetic seam on beams in sequence may have different pa- welding processes.
the upper weld bead. The manual process rameters in shape, focus position and power. My first contact with electron beam
does these one after another, whereas a next There are different oscillation patterns, de- technology started in 1969 with an article in
step of automation allows welding all pending on the task, Fig. 16 left. Of course the German news magazine “Der Spiegel”
process steps in one run. Each of the three this can also be performed with three beams about EB welding in space during the Sojus
mission. Fig. 17 shows astronauts with hand-
Fig. 16 • Three
hold electron beam guns from the Apollo
beams in se-
and the Sojus project. A press campaign
quence: Each
beam may started: “Who was first?“ For me this cam-
have different paign was the beginning of a life-long activ-
oscillation and ity with electron beams.
power (left) It is by accident that the subject of elec-
and three par- tron beam welding in space has now become
allel beams: the end of my career. The idea is to assemble
The middle structures of a space station by welding with
spot follows control from the earth. The weld gun may
the track with
be handled by one of the several robotic arms
constant
available on a space station. The capability
speed, the in-
of an electron beam to see the weld position
ner and outer
beam have to and transmit the information to a station on
vary speed and ground allows automated welding by remote
adept power control from the earth. We still work on this
(right). job, but as a proverb says: “not possible is
not permitted”. Researchers should be moti-
vated by passion. Being successful you feel,
despite of all strain, like an astronaut out in
Fig. 17 • As- the orbit and free from the influence of grav-
tronaut during
ity, Fig. 17 bottom.
the Sojus mis-
At the end of my professional career as
sion (top left)
an electron beam developer and entrepre-
and the Apolla
mission (top neur, I would like to take the opportunity to
right) and an thank the international welding community
astronaut out for their ongoing interest in the fascinating
in the orbit technology of electron beams and their ap-
(bottom). plications. Especially I want to express my
gratitude to my closest colleagues in re-
search and development, Dr. Thorsten Löw-
er and Mr. Michael Hofner with their col-
laborators. They have done all the work
which I have had the pleasure to present
here. For me and my life I can say: “Vision
and Mission completed”.
Dr. Dietrich Freiherr von Dobeneck,
Planegg/Germany

168 Welding and Cutting 13 (2014) No. 3

 NEWS
Editorial
Professional Membership: Individual Registration for Collective
Compliance, or “What’s in it for the Employer?”
The Engineering Council promotes registration of Engineering
Technicians (EngTech), Incorporated Engineers (IEng) and Char-
tered Engineers (CEng) to employers with the following messages:
“If your employees hold one of these professional qualifications
you and your customers will know that your engineers have at-
tained and maintained a recognised international standard.”
“In addition you have the assurance of knowing that their creden-
tials have been verified, their commitment to continuing profes-
sional education established and their exposure to new
developments assured.”
“They will be governed by a professional code of conduct, and re-
ceive reminders and assistance in determining their obligations.”
Whilst undoubtedly true, these statements do not appear to have
captured the value judgement of many employers. Engineering
Council research has elicited employer responses that challenge
the perceived value of registration in terms of a product that satis-
fies a need, its return on investment, and the efficiency of its
processes. Many of these adverse perceptions arise from the fact
that Professional Registration has generally been offered to indi-
viduals as a matter of personal choice and much of the promotion
from the Engineering Council and licensed professional institu-
tions highlights enhanced earning potential or promotion
prospects for registrants in comparison with their non-registered
colleagues, using a “set you apart” marketing angle. This “set you
apart” marketing sometimes generates organisational fear that ‘im-
proving’ the employee will lead to them leaving for a ‘better’ job.
For new entrants to the engineering profession, who are following
a professional development pathway comprising accredited edu-
cational programmes and approved apprenticeship or graduate
schemes, achieving registration is a key destination to confirm
their professional status, and the “set you apart” message is a mo-
tivator. However, engagement with employers exposes differences
between individual and organisational requirements and de-
mands a different value proposition for Professional Registration.
Employers, by definition, already have employees who are autho-
rised to undertake roles and discharge responsibilities within the
organisation. Some of those employees may be professionally reg-
istered but, unless the employer has specified registration as a re-
quirement, many will not. For any employees with accredited
exemplifying qualifications, the direct route to registration may
not appear to be onerous, and the cost of registration and mem-
bership and the time to fill in the application form may be the only
hurdles they consider. However, for those who have progressed
through informal, non-formal and experiential learning, the Indi-
vidual Route to registration may appear daunting and be supple-
Eastern Counties
Lecture - Welding and joining developments in the aerospace
industry.
Dr Richard Freeman TWI
19 March 2014
Dr Freeman began with a brief introduction to TWI and then went
on to describe several welding processes and to discuss their rele-
vance to the aerospace sector.
Welding and Cutting 13 (2014) No. 3
May
June
2014
The Newsletter of The Welding Institute
mented by the fear that, “if I fail I may lose my job/status.” Be-
sides, if you were competent to do the job yesterday, why do you
need to be registered to do it tomorrow?
The Welding Institute is a licensed professional engineering insti-
tution that assesses individuals for compliance with the UK-SPEC
(United Kingdom Standard for Professional Engineering Compe-
tence) but, as a business unit within the TWI Group, also has long-
standing and extensive engagement with employers. We believe
in the enormous value of the peer review process delivered by vol-
unteers from the industry, and in the impartiality and credibility
of the 3rd party validation of competence (knowledge, skills, ex-
perience and behaviours) against the UK-SPEC requirement. We
also believe that an identified lack of competence against the stan-
dard is not incompetence; it is simply an indication of a require-
ment for additional education, training or experience that can be
addressed in partnership between the employer, the individual
and The Welding Institute through an agreed Professional Devel-
opment Plan.
Registration in accordance with UK-SPEC, using the technical focus
of The Welding Institute is not an additional, external nice to have.
If integrated into an employer’s competence management system,
Registration and Professional Membership of The Welding Institute
is able to provide demonstrable evidence of compliance with regu-
lations, standards and specifications, and installs a structure for staff
development and career progression. Increasingly, requirements for
control of welding quality are seeking demonstration of competence
of welding coordinators. There is no actual qualification for person-
nel responsible for welding coordination, they will occupy a role
within a company and, during an assessment for certification to ISO
3834, EN 15085, or EN 1090, will be assessed for their competence
to carry out their allocated responsibilities within that particular
company. Registration and Professional Membership of The Weld-
ing Institute can be used to verify qualifications and experience, as-
sess informal, non-formal and experiential learning, and provide
evidence of the level of knowledge of welding.
With an internationally-recognised mark of engineering compe-
tence being provided by a knowledgeable and industry-focused
network, it would be worth an employer asking how Registration
and Professional Membership of The Welding Institute may be ap-
plied to supporting personnel competence compliance before com-
mitting to additional training or educational expenditure. “What’s
in it for the Employer?” - Collective Compliance from Individual
Registration.
Eur Ing Chris Eady BSc(Hons) MSc CEng MRAeS FWeldI
Associate Director Professional Affairs
The Welding Institute
TWI has an annual turnover of £75m in R&D related to materials
joining, structural integrity and NDT undertaken. It employs ap-
proximately 850 people in five UK technical centres and eleven in-
ternational offices and training centres. It currently has more than
700 Industrial Members in 79 countries
Richard then showed a slide of an aircraft outline which indicated
the areas where welding was used and who was involved. For exam-
ple, the airframe OEMs , the engines OEMs, and Tier 1 companies.
169
TWI NEWS ··· TWI NEWS ··· TWI NEWS ··
This led to descriptions of specific processes and applications, start- Following some searching questions, Geoff Hale, President of Cam-
ing with the friction solid state joining process. First, the friction stir bridge & Anglia Materials Society, thanked Richard for his excellent
welding (FSW) of large tanks for LOX and LH2 tank assemblies presentation and the quality of the visual aids.
used in the Delta IV rockets. Then he showed nose barrier beams This was a joint meeting with the IOM3 and a CPD event.
for the B747-400F where using FSW had allowed reductions, per set
of 5 beams, of 10 parts, 250 fasteners and gave a weight saving of John Weston
14.4lbs. He mentioned the Eclipse 500 and the Embraer Legacy 500
business jets which both use FSW sections. He then described a new New members
stationary shoulder FSW technique for making corner joints and T-
section parts in Al alloys. Name Member Grade Branch

We then saw how the linear friction welding process was used to Daniel Clark Fellow East Midlands
manufacture Blisk (engine) components and also used to assemble Andrew Byne SenMember Kent
sub-parts rather than to machine the item entirely from the solid. Robert Scudamore SenMember Sheffield
Magsud Aliyev SenMember Overseas
Richard outlined laser development as applied to welding noting Roger Pearson Barnett Member Eastern Counties
TWI's early involvement with cross flow CO2 Lasers. New commer- John Haines Member Northern Ireland
cial development of Yb-fibre lasers has greatly increased the power Magdalena Nowak Member Eastern Counties
Stephen Carr Member Teesside
and flexibility available to researchers and manufacturers. He ex- Ritchie McCallum Member London
ampled the automated welding of stringers for the A318 aircraft and Robert George Hadley IncMember Eastern Counties
described studies involving splitting of the laser beam to achieve Robert Michael Gibbs IncMember South Western
Alastair Dalton Cunliffe IncMember Overseas
specific heat inputs on either side of a joint.
Suvish Valsan IncMember Overseas
Even the established processes could be improved for aerospace Richard Picknett Technician Teesside
manufacture and he described developments of the TIG process Mark J Nichols Technician Northumbria
where the filler wire was led almost co-axially into the plasma col- Brian McIntosh Technician Highland and Islands
Martin Leslie Gray Technician Overseas
umn. In another situation a coated wire developed for the MIG Kuswandi Bin Apandi Technician Overseas
process became a TIG filler to produce controlled droplets and bead Khairil Hisham Bin Abd Rahman Technician Overseas
profile at increased welding speeds. He also described the way high Errol Anthony Vardanega Technician Overseas
Robert Mills Technician Overseas
frequency pulsing could restrict plasma column and hence weld Phillip John Sloan Technician East Midlands
bead width to give benefits in terms of welding speed, weld struc- Graeme Forbes Hoyle Technician South Western
ture and reduced heat input. With these advantages blade tip re- Stephen John Bunn Technician Eastern Counties
Michael Bok Technician Overseas
pairs were made easier. Alan Alexander MacFarlane Technician Highland and Islands
Electron beam texturing and Surfi-Sculpt® and the use of the EB John Dobing Technician Teesside
process in engine manufacture were discussed and demonstrated William Robert Agnew Technician Northern Ireland
Robert Christopher Shaw-Edwards Graduate Eastern Counties
with video clips. These discussions led to descriptions of additive Andrew McRoberts Graduate Northern Ireland
manufacture and we were shown some impressive video of very Amir Khamsehnezhad Graduate Eastern Counties
fine bead build up being achieved with laser powder deposition. Martin Appiah Kesse Graduate Overseas
Muhammad Shaheer Graduate Eastern Counties
The coating of composite materials with metals was a challenge
Justas Teiserskis Graduate Eastern Counties
which looks to have some particularly interesting application areas;
in particular giving an 'earthing' conductivity capability to compos-
ite structures and wear resistant coatings to composite shaft ele- Deceased
ments.
Name Grade Joined Branch
Richard concluded with an outline of the NDT developments being
studied at TWI. Ronald Bishop Fellow 1972 London
E J Wood AWeldI 1958 Eastern Counties

170 Welding and Cutting 13 (2014) No. 3


Characterisation of the biological effect of ultrafine
particles in welding fumes after controlled exposure –
Effect of the MIG welding of aluminium and the MIG
brazing of zinc-coated materials
Long-time exposure to welding fumes is supposed to be responsible for lung
disease in some cases [1]. Whether welding fume exposure leads to an im-
pairment of human health seems to be dependent on various factors like
fume concentrations, ventilation of the workshops [2, 3], use of personal pro-
tection equipment [4-6] and presence of co-factors like cigarette smoking
[7]. From different epidemiological and toxicological studies, it is also known
that ultrafine particles which are produced by many thermal processes such
as welding are able to induce inflammatory processes not only in the lung
but also systemically [8-15], thus inducing not only lung injury but also im-
pairment of the cardiovascular system. However, it seems to be evident that
health effects of welding fumes also depend on the nature of the fumes, on
welding techniques and on base and filler materials. In order to improve the
prevention of welding-related diseases, it would be helpful to have better
knowledge about the relationship between the potential to induce lung dis-
eases and those welding-related factors (welding techniques and materials).
THE AUTHORS
Dr.-Ing. Vilia Elena Spiegel-Ciobanu is the
Chairperson of the “Hazardous Substances in
Welding and Allied Processes“ section in the BG
Expert Committee called “Metal and Surface
Treatment“ (FAMO) of the German Social Accident
Insurance (DGUV), German Social Accident Insur-
ance Institution for the Woodworking and Metal-
working Industries (BGHM).
Dr. phil. nat. Peter Brand is a physicist spe-
cialised in aerosol-lung interactions. Since 2007,
he has been the Leader of the Inhalation Toxicolo-
gy working group of the Institute of Occupational
and Social Medicine of the RWTH Aachen Univer-
sity.
PD Dr. med. Monika Gube studied at the Med-
ical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University from
1994 to 2000 and was subsequently a Resident
Physician in various fields. She has been a Special-
ist for General Medicine since 2006 and a Special-
ist for Occupational Medicine since 2008. She was
promoted to professorial status in November 2012
and, since March 2013, has been a Senior Physi-
cian as well as a Deputy Director of the Institute
of Occupational and Social Medicine of the Uni-
versity Hospital of the RWTH Aachen University.
Dipl.-Ing. Klaus Lenz studied Mechanical Engi-
neering at the RWTH Aachen University until
2010. Since 2010, he has been employed as a Re-
search Engineer at the Welding and Joining Insti-
tute (ISF) of the RWTH Aachen University.
Welding and Cutting 13 (2014) No. 3
SPECIALIST ARTICLES
1 Introduction
The development of lung disease is a process ongoing
over many years in which risk factors are difficult to record
and to evaluate. It would be more efficient if the health ef-
fects of welding fumes could be estimated from the reaction
of the human body after an initial short-time contact with
the fumes. This task seems to be achievable by monitoring
inflammatory reactions in the human body after contact
with the fumes. These inflammatory reactions are natural
responses of the body to exposure to external, potentially
harmful material. Usually, these reactions are terminated
after some time and there is no irreversible damage to lung
tissue. However, if the exposure persists over long periods
and inflammation, although minimal, becomes chronic,
this may gradually lead to disease.
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Uwe Reisgen studied Mechanical
Engineering at the RWTH Aachen University and
concluded this as a Dipl.-Ing. in 1990. He subse-
quently worked as a Scientific Employee at the In-
stitute of Welding Technology at the RWTH Aachen
University where he obtained his Dr.-Ing. degree in
1995. From 1995 to 2000, he was employed as a
Senior Engineer at the Institute of Welding Tech-
nology at the RWTH Aachen University. Since
2000, he has been the Head of the Joining and
Testing Technology Department at the Jülich Re-
search Centre. In 2007, he was appointed as a
University Professor at the Institute of Welding
Technology and Joining Technology at the RWTH
Aachen University and as the Director of the insti-
tute bearing the same name.
PD Dr. med. Thomas Kraus studied at the Med-
ical School at the Friedrich-Alexander University of
Erlangen-Nuremberg until 1989. His dissertation
followed in 1990 and his licence to practice (M.D.)
in 1991. He was promoted to professorial status in
occupational, social and environmental medicine
in 1997. Since 2001, he has been a Full Professor
and the Director of the Institute of Occupational
and Social Medicine, University Hospital, Aachen
University of Technology. He has also been a Board
Member of the German Society for Occupational
and Environmental Medicine since 2006.
171
SPECIALIST ARTICLES
Fig. 1 • Schemat- At the same time, the Aachen Workplace Simulation
ics of the Aachen Laboratory was developed [16-18] in order to overcome
Workplace Simu- problems arising from real workplace conditions like het-
lation Laboratory
erogeneous exposure conditions (complex mixtures of
[19].
emissions from different sources like welding, grinding,
soldering or chemical solvents) or typical workplace con-
ditions like ventilation, space, head/body position, indi-
vidual behaviour or the use of personal protection equip-
ment in field studies – taking into account previous con-
siderations of the Working Group “Effect-Related Factors”
of the “Iron and Metal I” expert committee in the employ-
ers’ liability insurance association, Section “Hazardous
Substances in Welding and Allied Processes”. This labora-
tory makes it possible to perform exposure studies on hu-
man subjects under controlled conditions using the emis-
sion of one single working process and to establish expo-
sures with controlled concentration time courses in order
to assess the short-term effects of various workplace emis-
sions which are comparable among different subjects.
Thus, an interdisciplinary research programme of the
Institute of Occupational and Social Medicine and the ISF
– Welding and Joining Institute of the Aachen University
of Technology in Aachen/Germany was designed in close
cooperation with the Expert Committee “Metal and Sur-
face Treatment“ of the employers’ liability insurance as-
sociation which supported this study. Different welding
techniques and materials were evaluated in respect to
their potential to induce inflammation after the short-
term exposure of human subjects to welding fumes under
controlled, experimental conditions.
The studies presented in this paper focus on two dif-
ferent welding processes and material combinations: the
MIG welding of aluminium and the MIG brazing of zinc-
coated steel were part of this research project.
2 Methods
2.1 The Aachen Workplace Simulation Laboratory
While observing workplace threshold limits, con-
trolled exposures of healthy human subjects are per-
formed in the Aachen Workplace Simulation Laboratory
[19]. This device consists of two different units: the emis-
sion room in which the welding fumes are generated and
172
the exposure laboratory in which the test subjects are ex-
posed (Fig. 1). Both units are connected by a ventilation
system. The air containing welding fumes enters the ex-
posure laboratory via four ceiling diffusors which have a
vortex flow and ensure a homogeneous aerosol distribu-
tion throughout the laboratory.
An experienced welder performs the welding below a
funnel-shaped fume hood. Welding is usually performed
for 40 s about every 10 min. The intervals between each
welding episode as well as the flow rates given by the ven-
tilation system determine the average particle mass con-
centration within the exposure room which can be varied
over a wide range of concentration.
The exposure conditions are monitored on line in re-
spect to many physical fume properties. The particle mass
concentration (PM10) is measured continuously using a
tapered-element oscillating microbalance (TEOM – series
1400A, Thermo Scientific, USA). The particle number/size
distribution and the total number are measured using a
fast-mobility particle sizer (FMPS – model 3091, TSI, USA).
Additionally, welding-related gases are measured for NO,
CO2 and CO by electrochemical sensors (Ados, Germany)
and a UV photometrical sensor for ozone (Thermo Sci-
entific, model 49i, USA). The elemental composition of
the welding fume particles was measured using atomic
absorption spectrometry (AAS).
2.2 Effect parameters
Appropriate inflammation markers have to be avail-
able in order to quantify inflammatory reactions after the
exposure of humans to welding fumes. Different markers
which are supposed to assess inflammation either topi-
cally (within the lung) or systemically (in the whole body)
are used in this research programme. Systemic inflam-
mation can be assessed by collecting exhaled breath con-
densate and condensing the fluid contained in the exhaled
air using a condensation trap. In this fluid, nitrosative and
oxidative stress can be detected by measuring nitrate and
several other substances [5, 20, 21]. Systemic inflammation
can be assessed by measuring inflammatory markers and
inflammation cells within the blood: highly sensitive c-
reactive protein (hsCRP), coagulation factor VIII, ristocetin
co-factor, macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF)
and interleukins. Additionally, the lung function is meas-
ured with various techniques in order to detect any acute
effects of welding fume exposure on the airway function.
2.3 Study design
The studies performed in this research programme
take place as crossover studies with twelve healthy male
subjects. Crossover study means that each subject is ex-
posed to different welding fumes and a control exposure
in which the subjects are exposed to clean air free from
welding fumes. Each subject is exposed for six hours. End-
point parameters are usually measured before exposure,
after exposure, after 24 h and after one week. Every 60
min, each subject cycled on an ergometer at 80 W inside
the exposure laboratory for 15 min in order to simulate a
workout as would occur during a work shift.
Welding and Cutting 13 (2014) No. 3
 2.4 Statistical analysis
In order to identify any differences in the biological
effects among different welding techniques, the differences
between the value after exposure versus before exposure,
the differences between the value 24 h after exposure ver-
sus before exposure and the differences between the value
one week after exposure versus before exposure were cal-
culated for each end-point parameter. The parametric
analysis of variance and the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis
test were used in order to identify dependencies of these
differences from the exposure scenario.

3 Study I: MIG welding of aluminium and

MIG brazing of zinc-coated steel
This study was performed as threefold crossover study
in which three different exposures were compared:
1. reference exposure to clean air (zero),
2. exposure to the emissions of a metal inert gas welding
Fig. 2 • Particle number/size distribution for MIG brazing and MIG welding [22]. process on aluminium (MIG-aluminium) and
3. exposure to the emissions of a metal inert gas brazing
process on hot-dip zinc-coated steel [22].

3.1 Welding
The following materials were used:
• Metal inert gas welding (MIG welding) on alumini-
um alloys: base material: aluminum, EN 573-2: EN
AW-5754 (AlMg3), filler metal: AlMg3 (97% alumini-
um, 3% magnesium), EN ISO 18273 – S Al 5754,
shielding gas: argon, DIN EN ISO 14175 – I1 - Ar. The
welding process was in the pulsed-arc mode.
• Metal inert gas brazing (MIG brazing) on zinc-plat-
ed base material: base material: hot-dip zinc-coated
steel sheet EN 10346: DX51D+Z275, filler metal:
CuSi3Mn1 (96% copper, 1% manganese, 3% silicon),
ISO 24373 – S Cu 6560, shielding gas: argon, DIN EN
ISO 14175 – I1 - Ar.

3.2 Results
Fig. 3 • Time course of particle number and mass concentrations within the exposure
Concerning the chemical composition of welding fumes,
laboratory on a study day with exposure to MIG brazing emissions. The dashed line
the investigations showed the following:
represents the given value [22].
• fumes from MIG brazing contained 60.1% zinc, 16.7%
copper, 0.9% iron and 0.3% manganese
• fumes from the MIG welding of aluminium generated
51.4% aluminium, 4.6% magnesium and 0.1% man-
ganese
Concerning ozone during MIG brazing, the measured val-
ue stayed below 50 μg/m3. On the contrary, high ozone
concentrations (up to 250 μg/ m3) were observed during
the MIG welding of aluminium. The concentrations of
NO, CO2 and CO were negligible.
Fig. 2 shows the particle number/size distribution for
MIG brazing and MIG welding. On Figs. 3 and 4, the time
course of the particle number and the mass concentra-
tions are shown as examples for one day of each exposure

Fig. 4 • Time course of particle number and mass concentra-

tions within the exposure laboratory on a study day with expo-
sure to MIG welding emissions. The dashed line represents the
given value [22].

Welding and Cutting 13 (2014) No. 3 173

SPECIALIST ARTICLES

scenario. As can be seen, the given values for the average

mass concentration of 2.5 mg/m3 welding fumes could
be kept with good accuracy. Chemical analysis has shown
that 1.9 mg/m3 zinc oxide and 1.5 mg/m3 zinc were present
in the welding fumes.
During MIG brazing, the mean particle number con-
centration was 6.0 × 105 particles/cm3 (the average of the
peak maxima was 1.8 × 106 particles/m3) for a mass con-
centration of 2.51 mg/m3 (4.07 mg/m3 for the mass con-
centration, corresponding to the max. particle number
concentration). During the MIG welding of aluminium,
the average particle number concentration was at a level
similar to that in MIG brazing with 4.01 × 105 particles/cm3
and the mass concentration was 2.52 mg/m3. The average
Fig. 5 • Time course of particle number and mass concentrations within the exposure
of the peak maxima number concentration was 1.3 × 106 laboratory on a study day with exposure to filtered air [22].
particles/cm3 for a mass concentration of 4.29 mg/m3.
Without fume exposure, the mean number concentration
was 3.7 × 103 particles/cm3 for a mean mass concentration
of 17 μg/m3.
As an example, Fig. 2 shows the particle number as
well as the mass concentration for the MIG brazing of
zinc-coated steel over one day. Fig. 3 shows the average
particle number/size distribution for the two different ex-
posure fumes. For the MIG brazing of a zinc-coated work-
piece, the welding fume particle size distribution showed
that 33% of the particles are smaller than 100 nm and the
modal size was 124 nm whereas the mode derived for the
MIG welding of aluminium material was 143 nm with 15
% of the particles being smaller than 100 nm. More details
on the particle size distribution and the fume composition
can be found in [22].
The analysis of the markers for systemic inflammation
in the blood showed no change between the value before
and after exposure to the emissions from the MIG welding
of aluminium alloys. A significant increase in hsCRP (p <
0.001) was observed for the exposure to MIG brazing Fig. 6 • Box plot of the change in the hsCRP concentration 24 hours after exposure to
fumes containing zinc oxide (Fig. 6). Compared with the MIG brazing fumes versus before exposure for the three different exposure scenarios.
mean value of 0.3 mg/l before exposure, the mean value
one day after the exposure was 2.75 mg/l. However, al-
though this increase was nearly tenfold, most values re-
main within the normal range (< 5 mg/l) and the subjects
experienced no symptoms. The neutrophil concentration
in the blood showed a similar pattern although this data
failed statistical significance (p > 0.05) (Fig. 7). Blood co-
agulation factors VIII and ristocetin co-factors showed
significant increases either directly after exposure or after
seven days.
No indications of local inflammation within the lungs
were found in any exhaled breath condensate samples.

3.3 Discussion
This study has shown that, even at low fume concen-
trations which are in compliance with German workplace
threshold limits, the inhalation of the emissions from a
MIG brazing process on zinc-coated steel is able to induce
a distinct inflammatory reaction within the human body.
Since it is well-known that the inhalation of zinc fumes Fig. 7 • Box plot of the change in the neutrophil concentration 24 hours after expo-
is able to induce metal fume fever at high fume concen- sure to MIG brazing fumes versus before exposure for the three different exposure
trations [23-25], it may be speculated that zinc (zinc ox- scenarios [22].

174 Welding and Cutting 13 (2014) No. 3

ide), in addition to copper oxide, is responsible for the
observed effect. These effects may be understood if it is
considered that zinc plays an important role in the regu-
lation of immune reactions within cells [26, 27]. An excess
amount of zinc in cells may lead to disproportionate im-
mune reactions as was observed in this study. However,
it may be suspected that this reaction is able to induce
lung injury after long-term exposure to low concentra-
tions of fumes containing zinc but this still has to be
proven.

4 Study II: Assessment of the no observed

effect level for welding fumes from the MIG
brazing of zinc-coated materials
Fig. 8 • Flow diagram of the adaptive study design [22].
The results shown in the previous section are espe-
cially important in consideration of the ongoing debate
about workplace threshold limits for zinc. The German
WTL Commission has recently proposed a threshold limit
of 0.1 mg/m3 zinc in the air (1.5 mg/m3 in the study re-
ported above). This proposal was based on data reported
by Beckett et al. [28] who exposed human subjects to 0.5
mg/m3 zinc oxide for two hours. In this study, they found
no changes in haematological parameters, inflammation
markers or cardiac physiology. This exposure was con-
sidered as safe and extrapolated to an eight-hour work
shift. Therefore, it was concluded that 0.1 mg/m3 zinc
should be safe for eight hours too. However, it is very likely
that even higher concentrations of zinc fumes would be
safe. The experimental setup of the Aachen Workplace
Simulation Laboratory gives the possibility to assess the
threshold for the onset of biological effects (no observed
effect level – NOEL) systematically and to make a contri-
bution to the determination of evidence-based workplace
threshold limits. Fig. 9 • Box plot of the change in the hsCRP concentration 24 hours after exposure
The study addressing this issue was performed in an versus before exposure for the three different exposure mass concentrations (PM10)
adaptive study design [29]. This means that an interim [22].
analysis is performed after the first out of three exposures
and it is tested whether an increase in hsCRP in the blood 4.2 Discussion
could be detected. If an effect is observed, the second ex- In this study, it could be shown that the onset of signs
posure is performed with a lower concentration. If no ef- for systemic inflammation occurred for fumes containing
fect is observed, the second exposure is performed with a zinc concentrations between 0.9 and 1.2 mg/m3 zinc (total
higher concentration – and so on (Fig. 8). The welding particle mass concentrations for welding fumes between
fume concentration at which the onset of signs of systemic 1.4 and 2.0 mg/m3). This value is considerably higher than
inflammation can be observed can be approximated in the values proposed by the German WTL Commission.
this way. However, it has to be kept in mind that the MIG brazing
of zinc-coated materials was performed using a CuSi3
4.1 Results welding wire containing copper. Therefore, the welding
The first exposure was performed with a fume con- fumes also contained about 17% copper (versus 60% zinc),
centration of 1.43 mg/m3 containing 0.9 mg/m3 zinc as both in the form of oxides. Since copper is also known to
zinc oxide. No increase in hsCRP was observed 24 h after be responsible for cases of metal fume fever [30, 31], it
this exposure (Fig. 9). Therefore, the next exposure was may be speculated that the effects observed in these stud-
performed with 2 mg/m3 fumes containing 1.2 mg/m3 ies may also be due to the copper content of the fumes.
zinc in the form of zinc oxide. A statistically significant This issue will be addressed in future studies.
increase in hsCRP was observed this time (p<0.001). The However, the following statements may be drawn from
third exposure was therefore performed with 2.5 mg/m3 the results of the studies presented here:
and 1.5 mg/m3 zinc. As seen before, an increase in hsCRP • The biological effects of welding fumes are quite het-
was observed after this exposure but it was less pro- erogeneous and are strongly dependent on the ma-
nounced than in the previous study. More details can be terials and welding techniques used. Workplace
found in [29]. threshold limits should address this fact.

Welding and Cutting 13 (2014) No. 3 175

SPECIALIST ARTICLES
• Obviously, welding fumes from the MIG brazing of
zinc-coated materials are able to induce signs of sys-
temic inflammation which may be considered as a
precursor of metal fume fever. Although it is not
known if the chronic exposure to welding fumes con-
taining zinc is able to induce lung injury, the welding
of such materials should be performed using fume
exhaust systems at the source and personal protec-
tion equipment in addition.
• The Aachen Workplace Simulation Laboratory seems
to be a powerful tool to assess the biological effects
of different welding techniques. The research pro-
gramme introduced in this paper makes provision
for further studies in which other materials and weld-
ing techniques will be investigated in respect to their
impact on workers’ health. Furthermore, the effect
of welding parameters on the biological parameters
should be investigated in order to optimise welding
safety.
Literature
[1] Antonini, J.M., et al.: Pulmonary effects of welding fumes:
review of worker and experimental animal studies. Am J Ind
Med. 2003 Apr; 43 (4), pp. 350/60.
[2] Oxhoj, H., et al.: Effects of electric arc welding on ventilatory
lung function. Archives of environmental health. 1979 Jul-
Aug;34 (4), pp. 211/7.
[3] Mur, J. M., et al.: Lung function and clinical findings in a
cross-sectional study of arc welders. An epidemiological
study. International archives of occupational and environ-
mental health. 1985;57 (1), pp. 1/17.
[4] Chadha, P. , and Z. Singh: Health concerns in welding in-
dustry. International Journal of enhanced research in sci-
ence technology and engineering. 2013; 2, pp. 1/5.
[5] Gube, M., et al.: Biological effect markers in exhaled breath
condensate and biomonitoring in welders: impact of smok-
ing and protection equipment. Int Arch Occup Environ
Health. 2010 Feb 4; 83, pp. 803/11.
[6] Hoffmeyer, F., et al.: Relation between biomarkers in ex-
haled breath condensate and internal exposure to metals
from gas metal arc welding. J Breath Res. 2012 Jun;6 (2), p.
027105.
[7] Wolf, C., et al.: Pulmonary function and symptoms of
welders. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 1997;69, pp.
350/53.
[8] Oberdörster, G., et al.: Increased pulmonary toxicity of ul-
trafine particles? II. Lung lavage studies. Journal of Aerosol
Science. 1990; 21, pp. 384/87.
[9] Oberdörster, G., et al.: Association of particulate air pollu-
tion and acute mortality: involvement of ultrafine particles?
Inhal Toxicol. 1995 Jan-Feb;7 (1), pp. 111/24.
[10] Wiebert, P., et al.: Negligible clearance of ultrafine particles
retained in healthy and affected human lungs. Eur Respir J.
2006; 28, pp. 286/90.
[11] André, E., et al.: Inhalation of ultrafine carbon particles trig-
gers biphasic pro-inflammatory response in the mouse
lung. Eur Respir J. 2006; 28, pp. 275/85.
[12] Borm, P. J. A.: Partikeltoxikologie: Vom Steinkohlenbergbau
zur Nanotechnologie. Zbl Arbeitsmed 2004;54, pp. 188/97.
176
[13] Brown, D.M. et al.: Size-Dependent Proinflammatory Ef-
fects of Ultrafine Polystyrene Particles: A Role for Surface
Area. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 2001;175, pp.
191/99.
[14] Kreyling, W. G., et al.: Health effects of ultrafine particles.
Journal of Aerosol Science. 2004; 35, pp. 1155/6.
[15] Seaton, A., et al.: Particulate air pollution and acute health
effects. The Lancet. 1995; 345, pp. 176/78.
[16] Brand, P., et al.: Exposure of healthy subjects with emissions
from a gas metal arc welding process – part 1: exposure
technique and external exposure. Int Arch Occup Environ
Health. 2012 Feb 5.
[17] Gube, M., et al.: Experimental exposure of healthy subjects
with emissions from a gas metal arc welding process – part
II: biomonitoring of chromium and nickel. Int Arch Occup
Environ Health. 2012 Feb 5.
[18] Brand, P. , et al.: Exposure of healthy subjects with emis-
sions from a gas metal arc welding process – part 3: biolog-
ical effect markers and lung function. Int Arch Occup
Environ Health. 2012 Feb 5.
[19] Brand, P., et al.: Exposure of healthy subjects with emissions
from a gas metal arc welding process – part 1: exposure
technique and external exposure. Int Arch Occup Environ
Health. 2013 Feb 5; 86 (1), pp. 25/30.
[20] Brand, P., et al.: Internal exposure, effect monitoring and
lung function in welders after acute short term exposure to
welding fumes from different welding processes. JOEM.
2010; 52, pp. 887/92.
[21] Brand, P., et al.: Exposure of healthy subjects with emissions
from a gas metal arc welding process – part 3: biological ef-
fect markers and lung function. Int Arch Occup Environ
Health. 2013 Feb 5; 86 (1), pp. 39/45.
[22] Hartmann, L., et al: Assessment of the biological effects of
welding fumes emitted from metal inert gas welding
processes of aluminium and zinc-plated materials in hu-
mans. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental
Health. 2014; 217 (2-3), pp. 160/68.
[23] Blanc, P. D., et al.: Cytokines in metal fume fever. Am Rev
Respir Dis. 1993 Jan; 147 (1), pp. 134/38.
[24] Mueller, E. J., and D. L. Seger: Metal fume fever—a review.
J Emerg Med. 1985; 2 (4):271/4.
[25] Ross, D.: Welders’ metal fume fever. J Soc occup med. 1974;
24, pp. 125/29.
[26] Haase, H., et al.: Zinc signals are essential for lipopolysac-
charide-induced signal transduction in monocytes. J Im-
munol. 2008 Nov 1;181(9): 6491/502.
[27] Haase, H., and L. Rink: Functional significance of zinc-re-
lated signaling pathways in immune cells. Annu Rev Nutr.
2009; 29, pp. 133/52.
[28] Beckett, W. S., et al.: Comparing inhaled ultrafine versus
fine zinc oxide particles in healthy adults: a human inhala-
tion study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005 May 15;171(10),
pp. 1129/35.
[29] Brand, P., et al.: Relationship between welding fume con-
centration and systemic inflammation after controlled ex-
posure of human subjects with welding fumes from metal
inert gas brazing of zinc-coated materials. J Occup Environ
Med. 2014 Jan; 56 (1), pp. 1/5.
[30] Cho, W. S., et al.: Metal oxide nanoparticles induce unique
inflammatory footprints in the lung: important implications
for nanoparticle testing. Environ Health Perspect. 2010 Dec;
118 (12), pp. 1699/706.
[31] Kim, J. S., et al.: Effects of copper nanoparticle exposure on
host defense in a murine pulmonary infection model. Part
Fibre Toxicol. 2011;8, p. 29.
Welding and Cutting 13 (2014) No. 3
 SPECIALIST ARTICLES

Grain structure in aluminium TIG welds

The microstructure of a fusion weld has great influences on the suscepti- THE AUTHORS
bility of the base material to hot cracking and on the mechanical properties
Dr.-Ing. Philipp Schempp studied Mechanical
of the weld. Small, globulitic grains are necessary for increased strength,
Engineering at the Universities of Stuttgart/Ger-
ductility and toughness and for a low inclination to hot cracking instead
many and Valencia/Spain from 2003 to 2009.
of large, oblong grains. This study reports on the factors which exert the
Since 2009, he has been a doctoral candidate
main influences on such grain refinement in the weld. Thus, the influences
in Division 9.3: “Fabrication Processes Using
of the thermal conditions, the chemical composition of the weld metal and
Welding Technology“ at the Federal Institute
the number and type of solidification nuclei on the microstructure were
for Materials Research and Testing (BAM),
classified for the TIG welding of three different aluminium alloys.
Berlin/Germany, and at the Berlin University
of Technology where he recently obtained his
doctoral degree on the subject of “Grain
1 Introduction
refinement in aluminium TIG welds“.
The grain or crystal structure of the weld metal is an
important characteristic of every weld. On the one hand,
Dr.-Ing. Andreas Pittner ended his Mechani-
the grain size and shape influence the mechanical prop-
cal Engineering studies at the Stralsund Univer-
erties of the welded joint. Thus, it was shown for alu-
sity of Applied Sciences in Stralsund/Germany
minium TIG welds, amongst others, that fine grains
in 2004. Thereafter, he began his advanced
(small grain size) may improve the strength, ductility
Master of Science studies in Computational En-
and toughness of the weld [1; 2]. Here, the background
gineering in 2005 and ended these in 2007. He
is the Hall-Petch relationship which predicts an increase
was a Scientific Employee from 2007 to 2011
in the yield strength with a decreasing grain size for
(and obtained his doctoral degree in July 2011).
metallic materials [3]. Moreover, it is known, for example,
He has been the Divisional Manager for Weld-
from the welding of aluminium alloys susceptible to hot
ing Simulation and Arc Welding at the Federal
cracking that the tendency to form hot cracks can be
Institute for Materials Research and Testing
lowered substantially by refining the grains in the weld
(BAM), Berlin/Germany, with Division 9.3: “Fab-
metal [4; 5]. The distribution of the shrinkage strains
rication Processes Using Welding Technology“
around a lot of smaller grains [6] and favourable changes
since November 2011.
in the shape and chemical composition of the interden-
dritic residual molten material are specified as reasons
Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael Rethmeier stud-
for this [5].
ied Mechanical Engineering at the Brunswick
This article deals with the essential influences on the
University of Technology in Brunswick/Germany
weld microstructure. During the solidification of the
from 1993 to 1999. After working as a Scien-
molten pool, the grain size and shape are mainly defined
tific Employee and obtaining his doctoral de-
by the three following parameters:
gree at the Institute for Welding Technology in
a) thermal conditions in the molten pool,
Brunswick in 2003, he worked as the Deputy
b) chemical compositions of the base and welding filler
Manager of the “Fabrication Technology and
materials,
Fig. 1 • Variation Production Concepts“ Division in the Corporate
c) type of solidification nuclei.
of the thermal Research Department of Volkswagen AG. Since
gradient G, the 2007, he has been a Professor in the “Safety of
growth speed R
a) Thermal conditions
Joined Components“ Faculty at the Berlin Uni-
and the relevant Not only the weld geometry (e.g. sheet thickness) and
versity of Technology and the Leader of the ex-
grain structure the material parameters (e.g. thermal conductivity) but
pert group bearing the same name at the
inside the weld also the welding process exert crucial influences on the
Federal Institute for Materials Research and
(top view). solidification conditions in the weld. In the case of TIG
Testing (BAM), Berlin. Since 2009, he has also
been the Manager of the Joining and Coating
Technology Division at the Fraunhofer Institute
for Production Installations and Design Engi-
neering, Berlin.

welding, the welding speed v, the voltage U and the current

I determine the following thermal parameters:
• growth speed of the solidification front R (in mm/s),
• thermal gradient G (in K/mm),
• cooling rate dT/dt (in K/s).

Welding and Cutting 13 (2014) No. 3 177

SPECIALIST ARTICLES

In this respect, it must be borne in mind

that the levels of these parameters vary con-
siderably along the solidification front, Fig.
1. The molten pool is located at the fusion
line in direct contact with the “cold“ base
material. For this reason, G has its maxi-
mum here and its minimum in the centre
of the weld. Moreover, the cooling rate
dT/dt is usually higher at the centre line
than at the fusion line. The direction of R is
always perpendicular to the solidification
front. For this reason, R has its minimum at
the fusion line and its maximum in the cen-
tre of the weld (= v). The connection be-
tween R and v is described in a simplied
form by Equation (1) and causes the arched
Fig. 2 • TIG welding process and temperature measurement (dimensions in mm).
growth of the microstructure, Fig. 1:

. (1) (3)

In this case, G and R exert strong influences on the

grain size and shape: At the fusion line (steep G/R gradi-
ent), the molten material is supercooled to a small extent.
This leads to the growth of fewer large or oblong grains. In
contrast, the supercooling is considerably more pro-
nounced at the centre line (flat G/R gradient). Depending
on the welding process and the material, this leads to the
growth of a lot of small, globulitic grains. Consequently, a
transition from an oblong grain structure to a globulitic
grain structure, the so-called CET (columnar to equiaxed
transition) effect, can be observed between the centre line
and the fusion line in many cases. In this respect, it should
be noted that a completely globulitic grain structure in the
weld is of great interest to the user since it usually exhibits
a higher ductility and toughness [2] and a lower inclination
to hot cracking [5] than an oblong grain structure.
In order to establish exactly how R, G and the super-
cooling are connected, the local angle α(between R and
v, Fig. 1) can be determined for any point of a weld on the
basis of flat sections which display the grain structure as
on Fig. 1. The relevant values of R and G are finally calcu-
lated with Equations (1) and (2). For this purpose, it is
necessary to know the local cooling rate dT/dt which can
be determined with the aid of thermocouples or by means
of simulation:
. (2)
This procedure can be used in order to determine the
critical RCET and GCET values at the position of the weld where
the CET arises. The literature [7] defines GCET according to
Equation (3). N0 is the number of heterogeneous solidifica-
tion nuclei and can be calculated via the grain size d which,
in turn, is determined with the aid of microsections, Equa-
tion (4). ΔTN and ΔTC,CET are the necessary supercooling
phenomena in order to activate these nuclei for the growth
of an Al crystal (ΔTN) and to cause the CET effect (ΔTC,CET):
(4)
b) Chemical composition
During the solidification of an alloy, the chemical com-
position has a big influence on the formation of the mi-
crostructure. Since every alloying element has a different
solubility in the solid phase than in the liquid phase, the
molten material exhibits segregation phenomena at the
solidification front. As a consequence, this region may be
“constitutionally supercooled“ depending on the alloy
composition and the cooling conditions (= ΔTC), i.e. there,
the actual temperature drops below the liquidus temper-
ature. This thermodynamically unstable condition imme-
diately leads to crystal growth at the solidification nuclei
located in the molten material. In this respect, it is gener-
ally applicable: The higher ΔTC is, the more nuclei are ac-
tivated (more grains) and the smaller the resulting grain
size is.
c) Solidification nuclei
Solidification nuclei are usually particles which have
sizes of just a few microns and are not soluble in liquid
aluminium or only with difficulty. The question as to
whether a nucleus is activated during the cooling of the
molten material depends, above all, on its chemical com-
position, size and shape as well as on the atomic lattice
type [8]. The most efficient nuclei in molten aluminium
materials contain titanium, boron or both [9], e.g. TiB2
and Al3Ti, which are characterised by a very low ΔTN (just
a few kelvins). They are usually added to the molten ma-
terial during the casting of aluminium as a rod-shaped
grain refiner (e.g. AlTi5B1) in order to achieve a fine-
grained structure and the advantages associated with this
in the casting.

178 Welding and Cutting 13 (2014) No. 3

2 Procedure Table 1 • Chemical compositions of the base materials and the grain refiner (measured with wet-chemical
The base materials used in this study ICP-OES analysis).
were 3 mm thick sheets made of the AW-
1050A (Al99.5), AW-6082 (Al Si1MgMn)
and AW-5083 (AlMg4.5Mn0.7) alumini-
um alloys whose chemical compositions
are included in Table 1. In order to exert
targeted influences on the grain size in
the weld, varying quantities of the bar-
shaped standard AlTi5B1 grain refiner
were mixed with the base material con-
cerned in a casting process and were cast
into bar-shaped inserts with the dimen- Table 2 • Parameters of the TIG welds.
sions of 140 mm × 2 mm × 1.5 mm.
The casting inserts were subsequently
inserted into the groove in a welding
specimen made of the base material and
were remelted on the rear side in a TIG
welding process, Fig. 2 left. Moreover,
temperature measurements were taken
in the centre of a few welds (with regard
to the sheet thickness and the weld
length) with the AW-1050A and AW-6082
materials, Fig. 2 right. The horizontal position of the ther- alloy, it was possible to prevent the formation of a hot
mocouple transverse to the welding direction was varied crack at the centre line by increasing the welding speed.
between the centre of the weld (as portrayed on Fig. 2) This illustrates the positive influence of grain refinement
and the fusion line (approx. 3 mm to the right or left of it). on the formation of hot cracks whose crack paths are more
Thus, it was possible to determine the local cooling rate entangled with a globulitic grain structure than with ob-
(dT/dt) at the beginning of the solidification in any posi- long grains. Therefore, the crack propagation encounters
tion between the fusion line and the centre line of the more resistance in a fine-grained structure than in a coarse
weld. In this respect, the vertical position of the thermo- structure.
couple was always central. In order to reduce the scope Moreover, the chemical compositions (alloys) and the
of the measuring work, no temperature measurements numbers of solidification nuclei (additions of grain refin-
were taken with the AW-5083 alloy which exhibits very ers) were varied in a second step, Table 3. For every com-
good weldability. bination of the welding speed v, the alloy and the titanium
The welding speed was between 2.0 mm/s and 11.5 content, it shows the dominant grain structures found in
mm/s while the amperage was adjusted in each case. The the respective welds. Accordingly, the alloys are distinctly
most important welding parameters are specified in Table different from each other: If there are no additions of grain
2. Using a standardised interrupted segment procedure, refiners (first column in each case), the grain structure is
the grain size was determined on ground, polished and predominantly oblong (O) in pure aluminium welds (AW-
subsequently anodically etched microsections [10]. Fur- 1050A) even at high welding speeds. With the AW-6082
thermore, WDX (wavelength dispersive X-ray spec- and, above all, AW-5083 alloys, this can only be observed
troscopy) analyses were made in order to identify solidi- at low welding speeds. The reason for this is the total al-
fication nuclei. loying content which increases considerably from AW-
1050A (0.4% by mass) via AW-6082 (2.7%) right up to AW-
3 Results 5083 (6.0%). The associated increase in the constitutional
The influence of the thermal conditions on the grain supercooling promotes the growth of many, globulitic
structure can be seen on Fig. 3 which shows microsections grains.
through welds on the AW-6082 alloy. Accordingly, the in- Only slight additions of grain refiners in the region of
crease in the welding speed leads to a distinct refinement one tenth finally produce predominantly globulitic struc-
of the structure. Moreover, the previously described tran- tures for all three alloys. This may be attributed to the in-
sition from an oblong grain structure to a globulitic grain crease in TiB2 and Al3Ti particles in the molten pool. This
structure (CET effect) can be observed inside every weld, was shown by WDX analyses of various welds. Thus, it
above all at high welding speeds. Both observations may becomes clear that, in addition to a sufficiently high al-
be explained by the fact that a rising welding speed v caus- loying content, effective, easy-to-activate solidification
es a lower G/R ratio and a higher ΔTC, Equations (1) and nuclei are also necessary for a fine-grained weld. This is
(2). Consequently, more of the existing solidification nu- easiest to achieve using a minimum grain refiner content
clei are activated and this ultimately leads to grain refine- in the welding filler material in wire form. Furthermore,
ment. Furthermore, Fig. 3 shows that, with the AW-6082 the grain refiner provides not only solidification nuclei

Welding and Cutting 13 (2014) No. 3 179

SPECIALIST ARTICLES

but also constitutional supercooling which is caused by
surplus titanium dissolved in the molten material.
The influences of the alloying and grain refiner con-
tents are portrayed quantitatively on Fig. 4a using the con-
nection between the mean grain size and titanium content
of the weld. Every regression curve represents a power
function which describes data points of the material con-
cerned on the basis of the smallest error sum of squares.
The digram illustrates that the transition from an oblong
structure to a globulitic structure is associated with distinct
grain refinement (decrease of as much as 90% in the grain
size). Here as well, it is possible to recognise an alloying
influence which interestingly leads to the most pro-
nounced grain refinement effect with pure aluminium
(AW-1050A), followed by the AW-6082 and AW-5083 al-
loys. Therefore, the comparison with Table 3 permits the
conclusion that rising alloying contents favour the CET,
Table 3, but slightly decrease the efficiency of additions
of grain refiners, Fig. 4a. This may probably be attributed
to chemical reactions of a few solidification nuclei such
as TiB2 and Al3Ti with alloying elements which decrease
the number of available nuclei [11].
Finally, the CET inside every weld was localised using
microsections. The dT/dt, G and R values existing there
were determined as described above. It was ultimately
possible to compare these experimental results with the
critical GCET approach known from the literature, Equa-
tions (3) and (4). The supercooling ΔTN necessary for the
activation of nuclei was stipulated at 1 K for this purpose
[12] and only welds without any additions of grain refiners
were taken into consideration. The results of this CET
modelling are portrayed on Fig. 4b. Correspondingly, the
limiting curves between the regions with predominantly
oblong (O) and globulitic (G) grain structures show that
the critical R and G values necessary for the CET depend
on the alloying composition to a small extent only. Fur-
thermore, it is clearly recognisable that a combination of
a low G and a high R (i.e. a low G/R) is needed for a glob-
ulitic grain structure. Conversely, this means that the
welder should choose the highest possible welding speed
and a low heat input [13]. This permits a globulitic, fine-
grained weld structure which may lead to improved me-
chanical properties of the weld and to a lower suscepti-
bility to the hot cracking of the base material.
4 Concluding remarks
The experiments described here illustrate that several
parameters exert crucial influences on the grain size and
shape of the weld. Moreover, the underlying temperature
measurements show that the solidification conditions in
the weld exhibit extreme local variations. In a next step, the
more precise investigation of this effect on the weld mi-
crostructure can be conducted by simulating the solidifica-
tion of the molten pool. Consideration should also be given

Fig. 3 • Grain structure (top view) in the centre of the weld (with regard to the sheet
thickness) depending on the welding speed. TIG welding (dummy welds without any
additions of grain refiners), alloy: AW-6082, sheet thickness: 3 mm.

Table 3 • Dominant grain structures in TIG welds depending on the welding speed, the
alloy and the titanium content of the weld metal (* titanium content of the base ma-
terial (no additions of grain refiners); O: more than 50% oblong, G: more than 50%
globulitic).

Fig. 4 • TIG welding on aluminium sheets with a thickness of 3

mm; a) mean grain size in the weld depending on the titanium
content at a constant welding speed of v = 4.2 mm/s, b) transi-
tion from a predominantly oblong (O) grain structure to a glob-
ulitic (G) grain structure (CET) depending on G and R.

180 Welding and Cutting 13 (2014) No. 3

to refining the existing sets of standards relating to the chem-
ical compositions of welding filler materials in the case of
the arc welding of aluminium. In this respect, minimum
values should be created for the contents of grain-refining
elements such as titanium and boron in order to ensure an
adequate number of solidification nuclei in the molten pool.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The IGF Project IGF 16.242 N / DVS
Number 01.067 of the research as-
sociation “Forschungsvereinigung
Schweißen und verwandte Ver-
fahren des DVS, Aachener Straße
172, 40223 Düsseldorf“ was, on
the basis of a resolution of the Lower House of the German
Parliament, promoted by the German Ministry of Economic
Affairs and Energy via the Industrial Research Alliance (AiF)
within the framework of the programme for the promotion of
joint industrial research and development (IGF).
The authors would like to thank Mr. Hayen (formerly at Alijo
Aluminium-Bau Jonuscheit GmbH) and Mr. Gudde (KBM Affil-
ips B.V.) for providing the AW-5083 base material (Alijo) and
the grain refiner (KBM Affilips). Moreover, our sincere grati-
tude goes to Mrs. Oder (WDX), Mrs. Marten and Mrs. Stojkic
(metallography), Mrs. Strehlau (ICP-OES analyses) and Mr. D.
Köhler (casting) for supporting the work at the Federal Insti-
tute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM).
Literature
[1] Ram, G. D. J., et al.: Microstructural refinement through in-
oculation of type 7020 Al-Zn-Mg alloy welds and its effect
on hot cracking and tensile properties. J. of Materials Pro-
cessing Technology 142 (2003), No. 1, pp. 174/81.
Welding and Cutting – editorial preview
Issue 4 (July/August)
• Brazing/soldering for the joining of metals and ceramic
• Welding and brazing of light weight constructions
• Fabtech/AWS Show in Atlanta/USA
Closing date for advertisements and editiorial contributions:
23 June 2014
The editorial preview is subject to modifications.
For information about advertising, please contact:
Iris Jansen, DVS Media GmbH, Düsseldorf/Germany, e-mail iris.jansen@dvs-hg.de
For information about submitting editorial contributions, please contact:
Anja Labussek, DVS Media GmbH, Düsseldorf/Germany, e-mail anja.labussek@dvs-hg.de
Penny Edmundson, TWI, Cambridge/UK, e-mail penny.edmundson@twi.co.uk
Welding and Cutting 13 (2014) No. 3
[2] Schempp, P., et al.: Influence of grain size on mechanical
properties of aluminium GTA weld metal. Wdg. in the
World 57 (2013), No. 3, pp. 293/304.
[3] Hall, E. O.: The deformation and ageing of mild steel: III
Discussion of Results. Proc. of the Physical Society B, 1951,
Vol. 64, pp. 747/52.
[4] Dvornak, M. J., et al.: The weldability and grain refinement
of Al-2.2Li-2.7Cu. Wdg. J. 68 (1989), No. 8, pp. 327-s/35-s.
[5] Schempp, P., et al.: Influence of Ti and B additions on grain
size and weldability of aluminium alloy 6082. Wdg. in the
World 56 (2012), No. 9-10, pp. 95/104.
[6] Spittle, J. A., and A. A. Cushway: Influences of superheat
and grain structure on hot-tearing susceptibilities of Al-Cu
alloy castings. Metals Technology 10 (1983), No. 1, pp. 6/13.
[7] Hunt, J. D.: Steady state columnar and equiaxed growth of
dendrites and eutectic. Materials Science and Engineering
65 (1984), No. 1, pp. 75/83.
[8] Bunn, A. M., et al.: Modeling of the effectiveness of Al-Ti-B
refiners in commercial purity aluminium. Proceedings
“Light Metals 1998“ Conference, pp. 963/968. The Minerals,
Metals & Materials Society, Warrendale, Pennsylvania/USA
1998.
[9] Schloz, J. D.: Fundamentals of grain refining aluminum al-
loys. Light Metal Age 68 (2010), No. 4, pp. 30/37.
[10] ASTM E 112, “Standard test methods for determining aver-
age grain size“ (1996 edition).
[11] Easton, M. A., and D. H. StJohn: A model of grain refine-
ment incorporating alloy constitution and potency of het-
erogeneous nucleant particles. Acta Materialia 49 (2001),
No. 10, pp. 1867/78.
[12] Grong, Ø., and C. E. Cross: A model for predicting weld
metal grain refinement in G-V space. Proceedings, “Multi-
scale Phenomena in Materials - Experiments in Modeling“,
Materials Research Society Fall Meeting 1999 (Boston/
USA), Vol. 578, pp. 431/438 (http://journals.cambridge.org/
article_S194642740029845X), ISBN 9781558994867, Cam-
bridge University Press 2000.
[13] Schempp, P., et al.: Solidification of GTA aluminium weld
metal: Part II - Thermal conditions and model for columnar
to equiaxed transition. Wdg. J. 93 (2014), No. 3, pp. 69-s/77-s.
Issue 5 (September/October)
• Examples of applications in welding and cutting technology
• EuroBLECH – International exhibition for sheet metal working
Closing date for advertisements and editorial contributions:
20 August 2014
181
 PUBLICATIONS

Technical journal for welding and allied processes

Books
Subsea pipeline integrity and risk
management
By Yong Bai and Qiang Bai. 428 pages.
Gulf Professional Publishing, Oxford/UK
2014. Price approx. Euro 100.–.
Subsea repairs and inspection are costly
for petroleum and pipeline engineers and
proper training is needed to focus on ensur-
ing system strength and integrity. The hand-
book is intended for new engineers who
need to be aware of the state-of-the-art tech-
niques. It offers a „hands-on“ problem-solv-
ing approach to integrity management, leak
detection, and reliability applications such
as risk analysis. Wide-ranging and easy-to-
use, the book contains data tables, illustra-
tions and calculations, with a focus on
pipeline corrosion, flexible pipes, and sub-
sea repair. Reliability-based models also pro-
vide a decision making tool for day-to-day
use. The book includes material selection
for linepipe, especially selection of standard
carbon steel linepipe and covers assessment
of various types of corrosion processes and
definition of anti-corrosion design against
internal as well as external corrosion. It gives
process and flow assurance for pipeline sys-
tems including pipeline integrity manage-
ment.
Advanced high-strength steels:
Science, technology and applica-
tions
By Mahmoud Y. Demeri. 300 pages. ASM
International, Materials Park/OH, USA 2013.
Price approx. Euro 160.–.
Advanced High-Strength Steels (AHSS)
are the fastest growing material in today’s
automotive industry and are designed to
leverage steel as the optimum automotive
material. This book provides a comprehen-
sive account of the structure-property re-
lationship in AHSS. It examines the types,
microstructures and attributes of AHSS. It
also reviews the current and future appli-
cations, the benefits, trends, and environ-
mental and sustainability issues. The book
uses property charts and microstructures
to simplify visualisation of the resulting at-
tributes of AHSS.
Publisher:
DVS – German Welding Society, Düsseldorf/Germany, in
collaboration with The Welding Institute, Cambridge/UK
and the Institut de Soudure, Paris/France
Publishing House:
DVS Media GmbH,
PO Box 10 19 65, D-40010 Düsseldorf,
Aachener Straße 172, D-40233 Düsseldorf,
Telephone +49 (0) 211 1591-0,
Telefax +49 (0) 211 1591-150,
E-Mail media@dvs-hg.de,
Internet www.dvs-media.info,
Management: Dirk Sieben
Editorial Board: Dipl.-Ing. Dietmar Rippegather
(managing editor/responsible),
E-mail dietmar.rippegather@dvs-hg.de,
Anja Labussek, Rosemarie Karner,
Telefax +49 (0) 211 1591-350
Penny Edmundson (WJS News),
E-mail penny.edmundson@twi.co.uk
Frédérique Champigny (IS News),
E-mail f.champigny@institutdesoudure.com
UK Editorial Advisory Panel: Norman Cooper, Alan
Denney, Chris Eady (Chairman), David Millar, Dietmar
Rippegather, Dr. Paul Woollin
Advisory Board: Dipl.-Ing. K. P. Behrendt, Dr.-Ing. C.
Bruns, Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Cramer, Prof. Dr.-Ing. K. Dilger, Prof.
Dr.-Ing. L. Dorn, Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. U. Füssel, Dr.-Ing. P. Grö-
ger, Prof. Dr.-Ing. E. Haberstroh, Prof. Dr.-Ing. A. Hobbacher,
Dr.-Ing. T. Kannengießer, Dipl.-Ing. W. Kleinkröger, Dr.-Ing. H.
Krappitz, Prof. Dr.-Ing. B. Leuschen, Dr. C. Mayer, Dipl.-Ing. K.
Möhwald, Dr.-Ing. K. Nassenstein, Prof. Dr.-Ing. D. Paulinus,
Dipl.-Ing. C. Prinz, Prof. Dr.-Ing. C. Radscheit, Prof. Dr.-Ing. U.
Reisgen, Dipl.-Ing. E. Schofer, Dr.-Ing. F. Schreiber, Dr. sc.
techn. K.-R. Schulze, D. Sieben (CEO of the DVS Publishing
House), Dipl.-Ing. V. E. Spiegel-Ciobanu, Dr.-Ing. S. Trube,
Dr.-Ing. G. Wilhelm, Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Wohlfahrt

Advertising: Iris Jansen (responsible),

Telephone + 49 (0) 211 1591-151
E-mail iris.jansen@dvs-hg.de,
Boris Hanisch, Telephone +49 (0) 211 1591-152,
E-mail boris.hanisch@dvs-hg.de.

For currently valid prices please see Price List

No. 13, effective 1st January 2014

Circulation: Michael Lembcke,

List of companies in the advertisement section Telephone +49 (0) 211 1591-160,
E-mail michael.lembcke@dvs-hg.de
Gesellschaft für Wolfram Traunstein/Germany Title
Printing: D+L Printpartner GmbH, Bocholt/Germany
DVS Media GmbH Düsseldorf/Germany IFC, OBC, 150, 167, Loose insert
Terms of Delivery: WELDING and CUTTING is published six
DVS-TV GmbH Düsseldorf/Germany OBC times a year. Members of the DVS (German Welding Society)
receive a discount on the regular subscription price. Subscrip-
hsk-welding solutions Viernheim/Germany 156 tion is possible either directly through the DVS Media GmbH
Lorch Schweißtechnik GmbH Auenwald/Germany 131 or through your local bookstore. Single issues are available at
a price of 20.50€ (plus shipment costs), the price for a one-
Mechafin AG Essen/Germany 161 year subscription for print is 122.-€, online + print 160.-€
plus shipment costs (22.-€ within Germany, 29.-€ abroad);
Plansee SE Reutte/Austria 143 online 85.-€. Delivery by airmail is possible upon request.
Polysoude S.A.S. Nantes, France 157
Membership of The Welding Institute includes the subscrip-
Bernd Siegmund GmbH Grossaitingen/Germany 132 tion to WELDING and CUTTING.
Weldas Europe B.V. Bergen op Zoom/The Netherlands 145 The subscribers and/or the advertisers cannot assert any
compensation claims for a reduction in services due to
force majeure or to other circumstances for which the pu-
blishing house is not a fault (e.g. strike).

WELDING and CUTTING as well as all the contributions, fi-

gures and tables included in this journal are protected by
copyright. With the exception of the statutorily authorised
In this issue you find a loose insert of: cases, any utilisation without the consent of the DVS
Media GmbH is punishable.
DVS Media GmbH, Düsseldorf! When the work is accepted for publication, the author
transfers to the publishing house the exclusive publishing
We ask for your attention. rights for the period until the copyright expires. This trans-
fer of rights relates, in particular, to the rights of the publi-
shing house to reproduce the work for commercial
purposes as a copy (microfilm, photocopy, CD-ROM or
other processes) and/or to include it in electronic or other
databases.

We do not accept any liability for manuscripts submitted

without solicitation.

ISSN 1612-3433
182 Schweißen und Schneiden 1/2012
 The ABC of Joining — International Industry Guide

Publication in:
SCHWEISSEN & SCHNEIDEN; DER PRAKTIKER; WELDING AND CUTTING

Plant and equipment for joining, surfacing and cutting processes

I
Plant and equipment for heat treatment and other production processes
II (excluding thermal joining, coating and cutting)

General productions equipment, systems for computer aided manufacture, data processing,
III manual and automatic control engineering, automation

Plant for production of filtermaterials and consumables

IV
Workshop and workplace equipment, safety equipment, health and safety
V
Accessories
VI
Filler materials
VII
Consumables other than filler materials
VIII
Measurement and testing technology (equipment and/or services)
IX
Quality assurance, construction, consultancy (services)
X
Sub-contracting (services)
XI
Organizations, education and training, research, information transfer,
XII technical literature and regulations

Services
XIII
© DVS Media GmbH
Aachener Strasse 172
D-40223 Düsseldorf
Fon: +49 211 1591-0
Fax: +49 211 1591-150

Welding
ABC (2014)andNo.
Cutting
3 3 (2004) No. 5 30541
The ABC of Joining — International Industry Guide
Plant and equipment for
joining, surfacing and cutting
processes
I ▼friction stir welding
1 Plant and equipment, including
automation, mechanization and industrial
robots, for welding of metal, ceramic and
composite materials
▼capacitor discharge welding 170
Conntronic Prozess– und Automatisierungstechnik GmbH
Haldenloh B 4, D-86465 Welden
 +49 8293 96520, ¬ +49 8293 965277
e-mail: info@conntronic.com
Internet: www.conntronic.com
▼electron beam welding 60
Evobeam GmbH
Kurmainzstrasse 64, D-55126 Mainz
 +49 6136 9229-210, ¬ +49 6136 9229-212
e-Mail: info@evobeam.com, Internet: www.evobeam.com
Josch Strahlschweißtechnik GmbH
Gewerbehof - Dorfplatz 0
D-06193 Petersburg OT Teicha
 +49 34606 353-0, ¬ +49 34606 353-14
e-mail: office@josch.net, www.josch.net
pro-beam AG & Co. KGaA
Behringstrasse 6, D-82152 Planegg
 +49 89 899233-0, ¬ +49 89 899233-11
e-mail: muenchen@pro-beam.com
Internet: www.pro-beam.com
PTR Präzisionstechnik GmbH
Am Spitzen Sand 1, D-63477 Maintal
 +49 6181 4094-0, ¬ +49 6181 4094-13
e-mail: zentrale@ptr-gmbh.de, Internet: www.ptr-gmbh.de
Steigerwald Strahltechnik GmbH
Emmy-Noether-Strasse 2, D-82216 Maisach
 +49 8141 3535-0, ¬ +49 8141 3535-215
e-mail: info@steigerwald-eb.de
Internet: steigerwald-eb.de
▼flash welding 10
Hugo Miebach GmbH
Dortmunder Feld 51, D-44147 Dortmund
 +49 231 84060, ¬ +49 231 8406123
e-mail: info.ws@miebach.de, Internet: www.miebach.de
▼flux cored arc welding 100
Bavaria Schweißtechnik
Wiesenweg 23, D-85716 Unterschleißheim
 +49 89 3171035
e-mail: bavaria@subarcflux.com
Internet: www.subarcflux.com
CORODUR Fülldraht GmbH
Gießerallee 37, D-47877 Willich
 +49 2154 8879-0, ¬ +49 2154 8879-79
e-mail: info@corodur.de, Internet: www.corodur.de
Durum Verschleiss-Schutz GmbH
Linsellesstrasse 125, D-47877 Willich
 +49 2154 48370, ¬ +49 2154 483778
e-mail: info@durum.de, Internet: www.durmat.com
EWM HIGHTEC WELDING GmbH
Dr.-Günter-Henle-Strasse 8, D-56271 Mündersbach
 +49 2680 181-0, ¬ +49 2680 181-244
e-mail: info@ewm.de, Internet: www.ewm.de
FRONIUS Deutschland GmbH Sparte Schweisstechnik
Am Stockgraben 3, D-36119 Neuhof
 +49 6655 91694-0, ¬ +49 631 91694-30
e-mail: sales.germany@fronius.com
Internet: www.fronius.com
Welding Alloys Deutschland GmbH
Ostring 52, D-47669 Wachtendonk
 +49 2836 91190, ¬ +49 2836 911918
e-mail: info.germany@welding-alloys.com
Internet: www.welding-alloys.com
42
▼friction welding
KUKA Systems GmbH
Blücherstrasse 144, D-86165 Augsburg
 +49 821 797-0, ¬ +49 821 797-1991
e-Mail: info@kuka.de, Internet: www.kuka-systems.com
CyTec Zylindertechnik GmbH
Steffensrott 1, D-52428 Jülich
 +49 2461 6808-0, ¬ +49 2461 6808-796
e-mail: klaus.klement@cytec.de, Internet: www.cytec.de
▼laser welding
Bergmann & Steffen GmbH
Raiffeisenstrasse 176 / P.O. Box, D-32139 Spenge
 +49 5225 8786-0, ¬ +49 5225 8786-27
e-mail: info@bergmann-steffen.de
Internet: www.bergmann-steffen.de
Carl Cloos Schweißtechnik GmbH
Industriestrasse, D-35708 Haiger
 +49 2773 85-0, ¬ +49 2773 85-275
e-mail: info@cloos.de, Internet: www.cloos.de
Durum Verschleiss-Schutz GmbH
Linsellesstrasse 125, D-47877 Willich
 +49 2154 48370, ¬ +49 2154 483778
e-mail: info@durum.de, Internet: www.durmat.com
Evobeam GmbH
Kurmainzstrasse 64, D-55126 Mainz
 +49 6136 9229-210, ¬ +49 6136 9229-212
e-Mail: info@evobeam.com, Internet: www.evobeam.com
KUKA Systems GmbH
Blücherstrasse 144, D-86165 Augsburg
 +49 821 797-0, ¬ +49 821 797-1991
e-Mail: info@kuka.de, Internet: www.kuka-systems.com
Laserline GmbH
Fraunhofer Strasse, D-56218 Mülheim-Kärlich
 +49 2630 964-0, ¬ +49 2630 964-1018
e-mail: info@laserline.de, Intermet: www.laserline.de
Hugo Miebach GmbH
Dortmunder Feld 51, D-44147 Dortmund
 +49 231 84060, ¬ +49 231 8406123
e-mail: info.ws@miebach.de, Internet: www.miebach.de
OTC DAIHEN EUROPE GmbH
Krefelder Strasse 675-677, D-41066 Mönchengladbach
 +49 2161 6949760, ¬ +49 2161 6949761
e-mail: michael.loehr@otc-daihen.de
Internet: www.otc-daihen.de
pro-beam AG & Co. KGaA
Behringstrasse 6, D-82152 Planegg
 +49 89 899233-0, ¬ +49 89 899233-11
e-mail: muenchen@pro-beam.com
Internet: www.pro-beam.com
▼magnetically impelled arc butt (MIAB) welding
HBS Bolzenschweiss-Systeme GmbH & Co. KG
Felix-Wankel-Straße 18, D-85221 Dachau
 +49 8131 511-0, ¬ +49 8131 511-100
e-mail: post@hbs-info.de, Internet: www.hbs-info.de
KUKA Systems GmbH
Blücherstrasse 144, D-86165 Augsburg
 +49 821 797-0, ¬ +49 821 797-1991
e-Mail: info@kuka.de, Internet: www.kuka-systems.com
Mechafin AG
Chrummacherstrasse 3, CH-8954 Geroldswil
 +41 44 7493060, ¬ +41 44 7493070
e-mail: info@mechafin.ch, Internet: www.mechafin.com
▼manual metal arc welding
EWM HIGHTEC WELDING GmbH
Dr.-Günter-Henle-Strasse 8, D-56271 Mündersbach
 +49 2680 181-0, ¬ +49 2680 181-244
e-mail: info@ewm.de, Internet: www.ewm.de
FRONIUS Deutschland GmbH Sparte Schweisstechnik
Am Stockgraben 3, D-36119 Neuhof
 +49 6655 91694-0, ¬ +49 631 91694-30
e-mail: sales.germany@fronius.com
Internet: www.fronius.com
JÄCKLE Schweiß- u. Schneidtechnik GmbH
Riedweg 4 u. 9, D-88339 Bad Waldsee
 +49 7524 97000, ¬ +49 7524 970030
e-mail: info@jaeckle-sst.de, Internet: www.jaeckle-sst.de
Javac - Deutschland GmbH
Industriestrasse 29/2, D-73340 Amstetten
 +49 7331 3058-0, ¬ +49 7331 981722
e-mail: info@javac-deutschland.de
Internet: www.javac-deutschland.de
280 Lorch Schweißtechnik GmbH
Im Anwänder 24-26, D-71549 Auenwald
Postfach 1160, D-71547 Auenwald
 +49 7191 503-0, ¬ +49 7191 503-199
e-mail: info@lorch.biz, Internet: www.lorch.eu
OTC DAIHEN EUROPE GmbH
Krefelder Strasse 675-677, D-41066 Mönchengladbach
281
 +49 2161 6949760, ¬ +49 2161 6949761
e-mail: michael.loehr@otc-daihen.de
Internet: www.otc-daihen.de
SKS Welding Systems GmbH
Marie-Curie-Straße 10, D-67661 Kaiserslautern
 +49 6301 7986-0, ¬ +49 6301 7986-119
e-Mail: info@de.sks-welding.com, Internet: www.sks-
welding.com
180
MIG-/MAG (GMA) welding 230
Bergmann & Steffen GmbH
Raiffeisenstrasse 176 / P.O. Box, D-32139 Spenge
 +49 5225 8786-0, ¬ +49 5225 8786-27
e-mail: info@bergmann-steffen.de
Internet: www.bergmann-steffen.de
Carl Cloos Schweißtechnik GmbH
Industriestrasse, D-35708 Haiger
 +49 2773 85-0, ¬ +49 2773 85-275
e-mail: info@cloos.de, Internet: www.cloos.de
Conntronic Prozess– und Automatisierungstechnik GmbH
Haldenloh B 4, D-86465 Welden
 +49 8293 96520, ¬ +49 8293 965277
e-mail: info@conntronic.com
Internet: www.conntronic.com
EWM HIGHTEC WELDING GmbH
Dr.-Günter-Henle-Strasse 8, D-56271 Mündersbach
 +49 2680 181-0, ¬ +49 2680 181-244
e-mail: info@ewm.de, Internet: www.ewm.de
FRONIUS Deutschland GmbH Sparte Schweisstechnik
Am Stockgraben 3, D-36119 Neuhof
 +49 6655 91694-0, ¬ +49 631 91694-30
e-mail: sales.germany@fronius.com
Internet: www.fronius.com
igm Robotersysteme AG
Industriezentrum Niederösterreich Süd, Str. 2
A-2355 Wiener Neudorf
 +43 2236 6706, ¬ +43 2236 61576
e-mail: office@igm-group.com, Internet: www.igm.at
JÄCKLE Schweiß- u. Schneidtechnik GmbH
Riedweg 4 u. 9, D-88339 Bad Waldsee
 +49 7524 97000, ¬ +49 7524 970030
e-mail: info@jaeckle-sst.de, Internet: www.jaeckle-sst.de
Javac - Deutschland GmbH
Industriestrasse 29/2, D-73340 Amstetten
 +49 7331 3058-0, ¬ +49 7331 981722
e-mail: info@javac-deutschland.de
Internet: www.javac-deutschland.de
KUKA Systems GmbH
Blücherstrasse 144, D-86165 Augsburg
330  +49 821 797-0, ¬ +49 821 797-1991
e-Mail: info@kuka.de, Internet: www.kuka-systems.com
Lorch Schweißtechnik GmbH
Im Anwänder 24-26, D-71549 Auenwald
Postfach 1160, D-71547 Auenwald
 +49 7191 503-0, ¬ +49 7191 503-199
e-mail: info@lorch.biz, Internet: www.lorch.eu
Mechafin AG
Chrummacherstrasse 3, CH-8954 Geroldswil
 +41 44 7493060, ¬ +41 44 7493070
e-mail: info@mechafin.ch, Internet: www.mechafin.com
Hugo Miebach GmbH
Dortmunder Feld 51, D-44147 Dortmund
 +49 231 84060, ¬ +49 231 8406123
e-mail: info.ws@miebach.de, Internet: www.miebach.de
OTC DAIHEN EUROPE GmbH
190
Krefelder Strasse 675-677, D-41066 Mönchengladbach
 +49 2161 6949760, ¬ +49 2161 6949761
e-mail: michael.loehr@otc-daihen.de
Internet: www.otc-daihen.de
Panasonic Industrial Devices Sales Europe GmbH
Jagenbergstrasse 11a, D-41468 Neuss
 +49 2131 60899-0, ¬ +49 2131 60899-200
e-Mail: robots@eu.panasonic.com
Internet: www.panasonicrobotics.de
REHM GmbH u. Co. KG Schweißtechnik
Ottostrasse 2, D-73066 Uhingen
 +49 7161 3007-0, ¬ +49 7161 3007-20
e-mail: rehm@rehm-online.de
Internet: www.rehm-online.de
SKS Welding Systems GmbH
Marie-Curie-Straße 10, D-67661 Kaiserslautern
 +49 6301 7986-0, ¬ +49 6301 7986-119
e-Mail: info@de.sks-welding.com,
Internet: www.sks-welding.com
ABC (2014) No. 3

Technolit GmbH
Industriestrasse 8, D-36137 Großenlüder
 +49 6648 69-0, ¬ +49 6648 69-569
e-mail: info@technolit.de, Internet: www.technolit.de
Valk Welding B.V.
Staalindustrieweg 15, NL-2952 AT Alblasserdam
 +31 78 6917011, ¬ +31 78 6919515
e-mail: info@valkwelding.com
Internet: www.valkwelding.com
▼multiple-wire welding
FRONIUS Deutschland GmbH Sparte Schweisstechnik
Am Stockgraben 3, D-36119 Neuhof
 +49 6655 91694-0, ¬ +49 631 91694-30
e-mail: sales.germany@fronius.com
Internet: www.fronius.com
▼narrow gap welding
ARC MACHINES GmbH
Markelsbach 2, D-53804 Much
 +49 2245 9168-0, ¬ +49 2245 9168-68
e-mail: sales@arcmachines.de
Internet: www.arcmachines.com
Carl Cloos Schweißtechnik GmbH
Industriestrasse, D-35708 Haiger
 +49 2773 85-0, ¬ +49 2773 85-275
e-mail: info@cloos.de, Internet: www.cloos.de
▼plasma/TIG welding
aixcon PowerSystems GmbH
Steinfurt 26, D-52222 Stolberg
 +49 2402 12210, ¬ +49 2402 122122
e-mail: info@aixcon.de, Internet: www.aixcon.de
FRONIUS Deutschland GmbH Sparte Schweisstechnik
Am Stockgraben 3, D-36119 Neuhof
 +49 6655 91694-0, ¬ +49 631 91694-30
e-mail: sales.germany@fronius.com
Internet: www.fronius.com
igm Robotersysteme AG
Industriezentrum Niederösterreich Süd, Str. 2
A-2355 Wiener Neudorf
 +43 2236 6706, ¬ +43 2236 61576
e-mail: office@igm-group.com, Internet: www.igm.at
Lorch Schweißtechnik GmbH
Im Anwänder 24-26, D-71549 Auenwald
Postfach 1160, D-71547 Auenwald
 +49 7191 503-0, ¬ +49 7191 503-199
e-mail: info@lorch.biz, Internet: www.lorch.eu
Mechafin AG
Chrummacherstrasse 3, CH-8954 Geroldswil
 +41 44 7493060, ¬ +41 44 7493070
e-mail: info@mechafin.ch, Internet: www.mechafin.com
Hugo Miebach GmbH
Dortmunder Feld 51, D-44147 Dortmund
 +49 231 84060, ¬ +49 231 8406123
e-mail: info.ws@miebach.de, Internet: www.miebach.de
OTC DAIHEN EUROPE GmbH
Krefelder Strasse 675-677, D-41066 Mönchengladbach
 +49 2161 6949760, ¬ +49 2161 6949761
e-mail: michael.loehr@otc-daihen.de
Internet: www.otc-daihen.de
Panasonic Industrial Devices Sales Europe GmbH
Jagenbergstrasse 11a, D-41468 Neuss
 +49 2131 60899-0, ¬ +49 2131 60899-200
e-Mail: robots@eu.panasonic.com
Internet: www.panasonicrobotics.de
SKS Welding Systems GmbH
Marie-Curie-Straße 10, D-67661 Kaiserslautern
 +49 6301 7986-0, ¬ +49 6301 7986-119
e-Mail: info@de.sks-welding.com,
Internet: www.sks-welding.com
▼plasma welding
aixcon PowerSystems GmbH
Steinfurt 26, D-52222 Stolberg
 +49 2402 12210, ¬ +49 2402 122122
e-mail: info@aixcon.de, Internet: www.aixcon.de
Bergmann & Steffen GmbH
Raiffeisenstrasse 176 / P.O. Box, D-32139 Spenge
 +49 5225 8786-0, ¬ +49 5225 8786-27
e-mail: info@bergmann-steffen.de
Internet: www.bergmann-steffen.de
Carl Cloos Schweißtechnik GmbH
Industriestrasse, D-35708 Haiger
 +49 2773 85-0, ¬ +49 2773 85-275
e-mail: info@cloos.de, Internet: www.cloos.de
ABC (2014) No. 3
The ABC of Joining — International Industry Guide
Durum Verschleiss-Schutz GmbH
Linsellesstrasse 125, D-47877 Willich
 +49 2154 48370, ¬ +49 2154 483778
e-mail: info@durum.de, Internet: www.durmat.com
EWM HIGHTEC WELDING GmbH
Dr.-Günter-Henle-Strasse 8, D-56271 Mündersbach
 +49 2680 181-0, ¬ +49 2680 181-244
e-mail: info@ewm.de, Internet: www.ewm.de
KUKA Systems GmbH
Blücherstrasse 144, D-86165 Augsburg
 +49 821 797-0, ¬ +49 821 797-1991
221 e-Mail: info@kuka.de, Internet: www.kuka-systems.com
MERKLE Schweißanlagen-Technik GmbH
Industriestrasse 3, D-89359 Kötz
 +49 8221 915-0, ¬ +49 8221 915-40
e-mail: info@merkle.de, Internet: www.merkle.de
Hugo Miebach GmbH
Dortmunder Feld 51, D-44147 Dortmund
 +49 231 84060, ¬ +49 231 8406123
e-mail: info.ws@miebach.de, Internet: www.miebach.de
80 MIG·O·MAT Mikrofügetechnik GmbH
Werkstrasse 20, D-57299 Burbach
 +49 2736 4154-0, ¬ +49 2736 4154-99
e-mail: info@mig-o-mat.com, Internet: www.mig-o-mat.com
▼projection welding
Bergmann & Steffen GmbH
Raiffeisenstrasse 176 / P.O. Box, D-32139 Spenge
 +49 5225 8786-0, ¬ +49 5225 8786-27
e-mail: info@bergmann-steffen.de
Internet: www.bergmann-steffen.de
250
Conntronic Prozess– und Automatisierungstechnik GmbH
Haldenloh B 4, D-86465 Welden
 +49 8293 96520, ¬ +49 8293 965277
e-mail: info@conntronic.com
Internet: www.conntronic.com
▼pulsed arc welding
aixcon PowerSystems GmbH
Steinfurt 26, D-52222 Stolberg
 +49 2402 12210, ¬ +49 2402 122122
e-mail: info@aixcon.de, Internet: www.aixcon.de
EWM HIGHTEC WELDING GmbH
Dr.-Günter-Henle-Strasse 8, D-56271 Mündersbach
 +49 2680 181-0, ¬ +49 2680 181-244
e-mail: info@ewm.de, Internet: www.ewm.de
FRONIUS Deutschland GmbH Sparte Schweisstechnik
Am Stockgraben 3, D-36119 Neuhof
 +49 6655 91694-0, ¬ +49 631 91694-30
e-mail: sales.germany@fronius.com
Internet: www.fronius.com
JÄCKLE Schweiß- u. Schneidtechnik GmbH
Riedweg 4 u. 9, D-88339 Bad Waldsee
 +49 7524 97000, ¬ +49 7524 970030
e-mail: info@jaeckle-sst.de, Internet: www.jaeckle-sst.de
Javac - Deutschland GmbH
Industriestrasse 29/2, D-73340 Amstetten
 +49 7331 3058-0, ¬ +49 7331 981722
e-mail: info@javac-deutschland.de
Internet: www.javac-deutschland.de
Lorch Schweißtechnik GmbH
Im Anwänder 24-26, D-71549 Auenwald
Postfach 1160, D-71547 Auenwald
 +49 7191 503-0, ¬ +49 7191 503-199
e-mail: info@lorch.biz, Internet: www.lorch.eu
MERKLE Schweißanlagen-Technik GmbH
Industriestrasse 3, D-89359 Kötz
 +49 8221 915-0, ¬ +49 8221 915-40
e-mail: info@merkle.de, Internet: www.merkle.de
Orbitalum Tools GmbH
Freibühlstraße 19, D-78224 Singen
 +49 7731 792-0, ¬ +49 7731 792-500
e-mail: tools@orbitalum.com
Internet: www.orbitalum.com
OTC DAIHEN EUROPE GmbH
260
Krefelder Strasse 675-677, D-41066 Mönchengladbach
 +49 2161 6949760, ¬ +49 2161 6949761
e-mail: michael.loehr@otc-daihen.de
Internet: www.otc-daihen.de
Panasonic Industrial Devices Sales Europe GmbH
Jagenbergstrasse 11a, D-41468 Neuss
 +49 2131 60899-0, ¬ +49 2131 60899-200
e-Mail: robots@eu.panasonic.com
Internet: www.panasonicrobotics.de
SKS Welding Systems GmbH
Marie-Curie-Straße 10, D-67661 Kaiserslautern
 +49 6301 7986-0, ¬ +49 6301 7986-119
e-Mail: info@de.sks-welding.com,
Internet: www.sks-welding.com
Valk Welding B.V.
Staalindustrieweg 15, NL-2952 AT Alblasserdam
 +31 78 6917011, ¬ +31 78 6919515
e-mail: info@valkwelding.com
Internet: www.valkwelding.com
▼resistance spot welding 380
Bergmann & Steffen GmbH
Raiffeisenstrasse 176 / P.O. Box, D-32139 Spenge
 +49 5225 8786-0, ¬ +49 5225 8786-27
e-mail: info@bergmann-steffen.de
Internet: www.bergmann-steffen.de
Bosch Rexroth AG
Berliner Strasse 25, D-64711 Erbach
 +49 6062 78-231, ¬ +49 6062 78-728
e-mail: klaus.wittenbecher@boschrexroth.de
Internet: www.boschrexroth.com
Conntronic Prozess– und Automatisierungstechnik GmbH
Haldenloh B 4, D-86465 Welden
 +49 8293 96520, ¬ +49 8293 965277
e-mail: info@conntronic.com
Internet: www.conntronic.com
KUKA Systems GmbH
Blücherstrasse 144, D-86165 Augsburg
 +49 821 797-0, ¬ +49 821 797-1991
30
e-Mail: info@kuka.de, Internet: www.kuka-systems.com
Hugo Miebach GmbH
Dortmunder Feld 51, D-44147 Dortmund
 +49 231 84060, ¬ +49 231 8406123
e-mail: info.ws@miebach.de, Internet: www.miebach.de
▼seam welding 290
Bosch Rexroth AG
Berliner Strasse 25, D-64711 Erbach
 +49 6062 78-231, ¬ +49 6062 78-728
e-mail: klaus.wittenbecher@boschrexroth.de
Internet: www.boschrexroth.com
200
KUKA Systems GmbH
Blücherstrasse 144, D-86165 Augsburg
 +49 821 797-0, ¬ +49 821 797-1991
e-Mail: info@kuka.de, Internet: www.kuka-systems.com
Hugo Miebach GmbH
Dortmunder Feld 51, D-44147 Dortmund
 +49 231 84060, ¬ +49 231 8406123
e-mail: info.ws@miebach.de, Internet: www.miebach.de
▼stud welding 20
AS - ARNHOLD - GmbH
Wullener Feld 48, D-58454 Witten
 +49 2302 699001, ¬ +49 2302 699006
e-mail: as-arnhold-gmbh@t-online.de
Internet: www.bolzenschweissen.com
AS Schöler + Bolte GmbH
Gewerkenstrasse 1, D-58456 Witten
 +49 2302 97005-0, ¬ +49 2302 73009
e-mail: info@as-schoeler-bolte.com,
Internet: www.as-schoeler-bolte.com
HBS Bolzenschweiss-Systeme GmbH & Co. KG
Felix-Wankel-Strasse 18, D-85221 Dachau
 +49 8131 511-0, ¬ +49 8131 511-100
e-mail: post@hbs-info.de, Internet: www.hbs-info.de
Köster & Co. GmbH Bolzenschweißtechnik
Spreeler Weg 32, D-58256 Ennepetal
 +49 2333 8306-0, ¬ +49 2333 8306-38
e-mail: koeco@bolzenschweisstechnik.de
Internet: bolzenschweisstechnik.de
Carl Rinke GmbH & Co. KG
Waffenschmidtstrasse 4, D-50767 Köln
 +49 221 709033-0, ¬ +49 221 709033-50
e-Mail: info@rinke.com, Internet: www.rinke.com
Heinz Soyer Bolzenschweißtechnik GmbH
Inninger Strasse 14, D-82237 Wörtsee
 +49 8153 885-0, ¬ +49 8153 885-221
e-mail: export@soyer.de, Internet: www.soyer.de
▼submerged arc welding 360
Bavaria Schweißtechnik
Wiesenweg 23, D-85716 Unterschleißheim
 +49 89 3171035
e-mail: bavaria@subarcflux.com
Internet: www.subarcflux.com
Javac - Deutschland GmbH
Industriestrasse 29/2, D-73340 Amstetten
 +49 7331 3058-0, ¬ +49 7331 981722
e-mail: info@javac-deutschland.de
Internet: www.javac-deutschland.de
43
The ABC of Joining — International Industry Guide
KUKA Systems GmbH
Blücherstrasse 144, D-86165 Augsburg
 +49 821 797-0, ¬ +49 821 797-1991
e-Mail: info@kuka.de, Internet: www.kuka-systems.com
REDROCK Deutschland GmbH
Wassenacher Straße 1a, D-56626 Andernach
 +49 2632 810498-0, ¬ +49 8632 9879110
e-mail: infode@redrockautomation.com,
Internet: www.redrockautomation.com
▼tandem welding
Carl Cloos Schweißtechnik GmbH
Industriestrasse, D-35708 Haiger
 +49 2773 85-0, ¬ +49 2773 85-275
e-mail: info@cloos.de, Internet: www.cloos.de
FRONIUS Deutschland GmbH Sparte Schweisstechnik
Am Stockgraben 3, D-36119 Neuhof
 +49 6655 91694-0, ¬ +49 631 91694-30
e-mail: sales.germany@fronius.com
Internet: www.fronius.com
igm Robotersysteme AG
Industriezentrum Niederösterreich Süd, Str. 2
A-2355 Wiener Neudorf
 +43 2236 6706, ¬ +43 2236 61576
e-mail: office@igm-group.com, Internet: www.igm.at
KUKA Systems GmbH
Blücherstrasse 144, D-86165 Augsburg
 +49 821 797-0, ¬ +49 821 797-1991
e-Mail: info@kuka.de, Internet: www.kuka-systems.com
Mechafin AG
Chrummacherstrasse 3, CH-8954 Geroldswil
 +41 44 7493060, ¬ +41 44 7493070
e-mail: info@mechafin.ch, Internet: www.mechafin.com
Panasonic Industrial Devices Sales Europe GmbH
Jagenbergstrasse 11a, D-41468 Neuss
 +49 2131 60899-0, ¬ +49 2131 60899-200
e-Mail: robots@eu.panasonic.com
Internet: www.panasonicrobotics.de
▼TIG (GTA) welding
aixcon PowerSystems GmbH
Steinfurt 26, D-52222 Stolberg
 +49 2402 12210, ¬ +49 2402 122122
e-mail: info@aixcon.de, Internet: www.aixcon.de
Carl Cloos Schweißtechnik GmbH
Industriestrasse, D-35708 Haiger
 +49 2773 85-0, ¬ +49 2773 85-275
e-mail: info@cloos.de, Internet: www.cloos.de
EWM HIGHTEC WELDING GmbH
Dr.-Günter-Henle-Strasse 8, D-56271 Mündersbach
 +49 2680 181-0, ¬ +49 2680 181-244
e-mail: info@ewm.de, Internet: www.ewm.de
FRONIUS Deutschland GmbH Sparte Schweisstechnik
Am Stockgraben 3, D-36119 Neuhof
 +49 6655 91694-0, ¬ +49 631 91694-30
e-mail: sales.germany@fronius.com
Internet: www.fronius.com
JÄCKLE Schweiß- u. Schneidtechnik GmbH
Riedweg 4 u. 9, D-88339 Bad Waldsee
 +49 7524 97000, ¬ +49 7524 970030
e-mail: info@jaeckle-sst.de, Internet: www.jaeckle-sst.de
Javac - Deutschland GmbH
Industriestrasse 29/2, D-73340 Amstetten
 +49 7331 3058-0, ¬ +49 7331 981722
e-mail: info@javac-deutschland.de
Internet: www.javac-deutschland.de
KUKA Systems GmbH
Blücherstrasse 144, D-86165 Augsburg
 +49 821 797-0, ¬ +49 821 797-1991
e-Mail: info@kuka.de, Internet: www.kuka-systems.com
Lorch Schweißtechnik GmbH
Im Anwänder 24-26, D-71549 Auenwald
Postfach 1160, D-71547 Auenwald
 +49 7191 503-0, ¬ +49 7191 503-199
e-mail: info@lorch.biz, Internet: www.lorch.eu
Mechafin AG
Chrummacherstrasse 3, CH-8954 Geroldswil
 +41 44 7493060, ¬ +41 44 7493070
e-mail: info@mechafin.ch, Internet: www.mechafin.com
MERKLE Schweißanlagen-Technik GmbH
Industriestrasse 3, D-89359 Kötz
 +49 8221 915-0, ¬ +49 8221 915-40
e-mail: info@merkle.de, Internet: www.merkle.de
Hugo Miebach GmbH
Dortmunder Feld 51, D-44147 Dortmund
 +49 231 84060, ¬ +49 231 8406123
e-mail: info.ws@miebach.de, Internet: www.miebach.de
44
Orbitalum Tools GmbH
Freibühlstraße 19, D-78224 Singen
 +49 7731 792-0, ¬ +49 7731 792-500
e-mail: tools@orbitalum.com
Internet: www.orbitalum.com
OTC DAIHEN EUROPE GmbH
Krefelder Strasse 675-677, D-41066 Mönchengladbach
 +49 2161 6949760, ¬ +49 2161 6949761
e-mail: michael.loehr@otc-daihen.de
Internet: www.otc-daihen.de
REHM GmbH u. Co. KG Schweißtechnik
331 Ottostrasse 2, D-73066 Uhingen
 +49 7161 3007-0, ¬ +49 7161 3007-20
e-mail: rehm@rehm-online.de
Internet: www.rehm-online.de
Technolit GmbH
Industriestrasse 8, D-36137 Großenlüder
 +49 6648 69-0, ¬ +49 6648 69-569
e-mail: info@technolit.de, Internet: www.technolit.de
Valk Welding B.V.
Staalindustrieweg 15, NL-2952 AT Alblasserdam
 +31 78 6917011, ¬ +31 78 6919515
e-mail: info@valkwelding.com
Internet: www.valkwelding.com
2 Plant and equipment, including
automation, mechanization and industrial
robots, for weld surfacing and cladding
▼gas shielded arc surfacing 450
ARC MACHINES GmbH
Markelsbach 2, D-53804 Much
 +49 2245 9168-0, ¬ +49 2245 9168-68
e-mail: sales@arcmachines.de
Internet: www.arcmachines.com
EWM HIGHTEC WELDING GmbH
Dr.-Günter-Henle-Strasse 8, D-56271 Mündersbach
 +49 2680 181-0, ¬ +49 2680 181-244
e-mail: info@ewm.de, Internet: www.ewm.de
390 FRONIUS Deutschland GmbH Sparte Schweisstechnik
Am Stockgraben 3, D-36119 Neuhof
 +49 6655 91694-0, ¬ +49 631 91694-30
e-mail: sales.germany@fronius.com
Internet: www.fronius.com
KUKA Systems GmbH
Blücherstrasse 144, D-86165 Augsburg
 +49 821 797-0, ¬ +49 821 797-1991
e-Mail: info@kuka.de, Internet: www.kuka-systems.com
Orbitalum Tools GmbH
Freibühlstraße 19, D-78224 Singen
 +49 7731 792-0, ¬ +49 7731 792-500
e-mail: tools@orbitalum.com
Internet: www.orbitalum.com
Panasonic Industrial Devices Sales Europe GmbH
Jagenbergstrasse 11a, D-41468 Neuss
 +49 2131 60899-0, ¬ +49 2131 60899-200
e-Mail: robots@eu.panasonic.com
Internet: www.panasonicrobotics.de
Valk Welding B.V.
Staalindustrieweg 15, NL-2952 AT Alblasserdam
 +31 78 6917011, ¬ +31 78 6919515
e-mail: info@valkwelding.com
Internet: www.valkwelding.com
Welding Alloys Deutschland GmbH
Ostring 52, D-47669 Wachtendonk
 +49 2836 91190, ¬ +49 2836 911918
e-mail: info.germany@welding-alloys.com
Internet: www.welding-alloys.com
▼laser surfacing 410
KUKA Systems GmbH
Blücherstrasse 144, D-86165 Augsburg
 +49 821 797-0, ¬ +49 821 797-1991
e-Mail: info@kuka.de, Internet: www.kuka-systems.com
Laserline GmbH
Fraunhofer Strasse, D-56218 Mülheim-Kärlich
 +49 2630 964-0, ¬ +49 2630 964-1018
e-mail: info@laserline.de, Intermet: www.laserline.de
▼submerged arc sufacing 460
Bavaria Schweißtechnik
Wiesenweg 23, D-85716 Unterschleißheim
 +49 89 3171035
e-mail: bavaria@subarcflux.com
Internet: www.subarcflux.com
Javac - Deutschland GmbH
Industriestrasse 29/2, D-73340 Amstetten
 +49 7331 3058-0, ¬ +49 7331 981722
e-mail: info@javac-deutschland.de
Internet: www.javac-deutschland.de
Welding Alloys Deutschland GmbH
Ostring 52, D-47669 Wachtendonk
 +49 2836 91190, ¬ +49 2836 911918
e-mail: info.germany@welding-alloys.com
Internet: www.welding-alloys.com
3 Plant and equipment, including
automation, mechanization and industrial
robots, for brazing and soldering
▼arc brazing 540
EWM HIGHTEC WELDING GmbH
Dr.-Günter-Henle-Strasse 8, D-56271 Mündersbach
 +49 2680 181-0, ¬ +49 2680 181-244
e-mail: info@ewm.de, Internet: www.ewm.de
FRONIUS Deutschland GmbH Sparte Schweisstechnik
Am Stockgraben 3, D-36119 Neuhof
 +49 6655 91694-0, ¬ +49 631 91694-30
e-mail: sales.germany@fronius.com
Internet: www.fronius.com
Lorch Schweißtechnik GmbH
Im Anwänder 24-26, D-71549 Auenwald
Postfach 1160, D-71547 Auenwald
 +49 7191 503-0, ¬ +49 7191 503-199
e-mail: info@lorch.biz, Internet: www.lorch.eu
MERKLE Schweißanlagen-Technik GmbH
Industriestrasse 3, D-89359 Kötz
 +49 8221 915-0, ¬ +49 8221 915-40
e-mail: info@merkle.de, Internet: www.merkle.de
OTC DAIHEN EUROPE GmbH
Krefelder Strasse 675-677, D-41066 Mönchengladbach
 +49 2161 6949760, ¬ +49 2161 6949761
e-mail: michael.loehr@otc-daihen.de
Internet: www.otc-daihen.de
Panasonic Industrial Devices Sales Europe GmbH
Jagenbergstrasse 11a, D-41468 Neuss
 +49 2131 60899-0, ¬ +49 2131 60899-200
e-Mail: robots@eu.panasonic.com
Internet: www.panasonicrobotics.de
SKS Welding Systems GmbH
Marie-Curie-Straße 10, D-67661 Kaiserslautern
 +49 6301 7986-0, ¬ +49 6301 7986-119
e-Mail: info@de.sks-welding.com,
Internet: www.sks-welding.com
▼laser brazing and soldering 530
KUKA Systems GmbH
Blücherstrasse 144, D-86165 Augsburg
 +49 821 797-0, ¬ +49 821 797-1991
e-Mail: info@kuka.de, Internet: www.kuka-systems.com
Laserline GmbH
Fraunhofer Strasse, D-56218 Mülheim-Kärlich
 +49 2630 964-0, ¬ +49 2630 964-1018
e-mail: info@laserline.de, Intermet: www.laserline.de
▼resistance brazing and soldering 650
aixcon PowerSystems GmbH
Steinfurt 26, D-52222 Stolberg
 +49 2402 12210, ¬ +49 2402 122122
e-mail: info@aixcon.de, Internet: www.aixcon.de
5 Plant and equipment, including
automation, mechanization and industrial
robots, for thermal cutting and erosion
▼laser beam cutting and drilling,
electron beam lancing 920
ESAB CUTTING SYSTEMS GmbH
Robert-Bosch-Strasse 20, D-61184 Karben
 +49 6039 40-0, ¬ +49 6039 40301
e-mail: info@esab-cutting.de
Internet: www.esab-cutting.de
Steigerwald Strahltechnik GmbH
Emmy-Noether-Strasse 2, D-82216 Maisach
 +49 8141 3535-0, ¬ +49 8141 3535-215
e-mail: info@steigerwald-eb.de
Internet: steigerwald-eb.de
ABC (2014) No. 3

▼oxy-fuel gas cutting
Dodek GmbH & Co. KG
Lanzstrasse 2, D-88410 Bad Wurzach
 +49 7564 94895-0, ¬ +49 7564 94895-9
e-mail: contact@dodek.de, Internet: www.dodek.de
Valk Welding B.V.
Staalindustrieweg 15, NL-2952 AT Alblasserdam
 +31 78 6917011, ¬ +31 78 6919515
e-mail: info@valkwelding.com
Internet: www.valkwelding.com
▼plasma cutting
Carl Cloos Schweißtechnik GmbH
Industriestrasse, D-35708 Haiger
 +49 2773 85-0, ¬ +49 2773 85-275
e-mail: info@cloos.de, Internet: www.cloos.de
Dodek GmbH & Co. KG
Lanzstrasse 2, D-88410 Bad Wurzach
 +49 7564 94895-0, ¬ +49 7564 94895-9
e-mail: contact@dodek.de, Internet: www.dodek.de
ESAB CUTTING SYSTEMS GmbH
Robert-Bosch-Strasse 20, D-61184 Karben
 +49 6039 40-0, ¬ +49 6039 40301
e-mail: info@esab-cutting.de
Internet: www.esab-cutting.de
JÄCKLE Schweiß- u. Schneidtechnik GmbH
Riedweg 4 u. 9, D-88339 Bad Waldsee
 +49 7524 97000, ¬ +49 7524 970030
e-mail: info@jaeckle-sst.de, Internet: www.jaeckle-sst.de
Javac - Deutschland GmbH
Industriestrasse 29/2, D-73340 Amstetten
 +49 7331 3058-0, ¬ +49 7331 981722
e-mail: info@javac-deutschland.de
Internet: www.javac-deutschland.de
Lorch Schweißtechnik GmbH
Im Anwänder 24-26, D-71549 Auenwald
Postfach 1160, D-71547 Auenwald
 +49 7191 503-0, ¬ +49 7191 503-199
e-mail: info@lorch.biz, Internet: www.lorch.eu
MERKLE Schweißanlagen-Technik GmbH
Industriestrasse 3, D-89359 Kötz
 +49 8221 915-0, ¬ +49 8221 915-40
e-mail: info@merkle.de, Internet: www.merkle.de
OTC DAIHEN EUROPE GmbH
Krefelder Strasse 675-677, D-41066 Mönchengladbach
 +49 2161 6949760, ¬ +49 2161 6949761
e-mail: michael.loehr@otc-daihen.de
Internet: www.otc-daihen.de
Valk Welding B.V.
Staalindustrieweg 15, NL-2952 AT Alblasserdam
 +31 78 6917011, ¬ +31 78 6919515
e-mail: info@valkwelding.com
Internet: www.valkwelding.com
6 Plant and equipment, including
automation, mechanization and industrial
robots, for welding of plastics
▼friction welding of plastics
WIDOS W. Dommer Söhne GmbH
Einsteinstrasse 5, D-71254 Ditzingen-Heimerdingen
 +49 7152 9939-0, ¬ +49 7152 9939-40
e-mail: info@widos.de, Internet: www.widos.de
▼heated tool welding
WIDOS W. Dommer Söhne GmbH
Einsteinstrasse 5, D-71254 Ditzingen-Heimerdingen
 +49 7152 9939-0, ¬ +49 7152 9939-40
e-mail: info@widos.de, Internet: www.widos.de
8 Plant and equipment and joining
elements, including automation,
mechanization and industrial robots for
positive and non-positive joining
▼flanging
KUKA Systems GmbH
Blücherstrasse 144, D-86165 Augsburg
 +49 821 797-0, ¬ +49 821 797-1991
e-Mail: info@kuka.de, Internet: www.kuka-systems.com
ABC (2014) No. 3
The ABC of Joining — International Industry Guide
850 ▼joining elements (rivets, tubular rivets,
tap rivets, pop rivets, blind rivet nuts,
bolts, screws)
HBS Bolzenschweiss-Systeme GmbH & Co. KG
Felix-Wankel-Straße 18, D-85221 Dachau
 +49 8131 511-0, ¬ +49 8131 511-100
e-mail: post@hbs-info.de, Internet: www.hbs-info.de
Köster & Co. GmbH Bolzenschweißtechnik
Spreeler Weg 32, D-58256 Ennepetal
 +49 2333 8306-0, ¬ +49 2333 8306-38
e-mail: koeco@bolzenschweisstechnik.de
Internet: bolzenschweisstechnik.de
970
Kohlhage Befestigungstechnik GmbH & Co. KG
Hönnestrasse 22, D-58809 Neuenrade
 +49 2394 6190, ¬ +49 2394 61994
befestigungstechnik@kohlhage.de
Internet: www.kohlhage.de
Heinz Soyer Bolzenschweißtechnik GmbH
Inninger Strasse 14, D-82237 Wörtsee
 +49 8153 885-0, ¬ +49 8153 885-221
e-mail: export@soyer.de, Internet: www.soyer.de
OBO Befestigungselemente GmbH
Hüingser Ring 52, D-58710 Menden
 +49 2373 89-1166, ¬ +49 2373 89-238
e-mail: info@obo-be.de, Internet: www.obo-be.de
▼screwing
OBO Befestigungselemente GmbH
Hüingser Ring 52, D-58710 Menden
 +49 2373 89-1166, ¬ +49 2373 89-238
e-mail: info@obo-be.de, Internet: www.obo-be.de
9 Plant and equipment, including
automation, mechanization and industrial
robots for special applications
▼orbital welding equipment
aixcon PowerSystems GmbH
Steinfurt 26, D-52222 Stolberg
 +49 2402 12210, ¬ +49 2402 122122
e-mail: info@aixcon.de, Internet: www.aixcon.de
ARC MACHINES GmbH
Markelsbach 2, D-53804 Much
 +49 2245 9168-0, ¬ +49 2245 9168-68
e-mail: sales@arcmachines.de
Internet: www.arcmachines.com
FRONIUS Deutschland GmbH Sparte Schweisstechnik
Am Stockgraben 3, D-36119 Neuhof
 +49 6655 91694-0, ¬ +49 631 91694-30
e-mail: sales.germany@fronius.com
Internet: www.fronius.com
Orbitalum Tools GmbH
Freibühlstraße 19, D-78224 Singen
 +49 7731 792-0, ¬ +49 7731 792-500
e-mail: tools@orbitalum.com
Internet: www.orbitalum.com
1030
▼production equipment and production lines
aixcon PowerSystems GmbH
Steinfurt 26, D-52222 Stolberg
 +49 2402 12210, ¬ +49 2402 122122
e-mail: info@aixcon.de, Internet: www.aixcon.de
Carl Cloos Schweißtechnik GmbH
1000 Industriestrasse, D-35708 Haiger
 +49 2773 85-0, ¬ +49 2773 85-275
e-mail: info@cloos.de, Internet: www.cloos.de
Conntronic Prozess– und Automatisierungstechnik GmbH
Haldenloh B 4, D-86465 Welden
 +49 8293 96520, ¬ +49 8293 965277
e-mail: info@conntronic.com
Internet: www.conntronic.com
Dodek GmbH & Co. KG
Lanzstrasse 2, D-88410 Bad Wurzach
 +49 7564 94895-0, ¬ +49 7564 94895-9
e-mail: contact@dodek.de, Internet: www.dodek.de
PTR Präzisionstechnik GmbH
Am Spitzen Sand 1, D-63477 Maintal
 +49 6181 4094-0, ¬ +49 6181 4094-13
1130 e-mail: zentrale@ptr-gmbh.de, Internet: www.ptr-gmbh.de
▼systems for feeding, positioning, tipping or
conveying (e.g. nut feeding systems) 1310
1280
Dodek GmbH & Co. KG
Lanzstrasse 2, D-88410 Bad Wurzach
 +49 7564 94895-0, ¬ +49 7564 94895-9
e-mail: contact@dodek.de, Internet: www.dodek.de
▼torch cleaning, automatic torch
cleaning systems 1300
FRONIUS Deutschland GmbH Sparte Schweisstechnik
Am Stockgraben 3, D-36119 Neuhof
 +49 6655 91694-0, ¬ +49 631 91694-30
e-mail: sales.germany@fronius.com
Internet: www.fronius.com
J. Thielmann
Gesellschaft für Automatisierungstechnik mbH
Auf der Stuecke 19, D-35708 Haiger
 +49 2773 71133, ¬ +49 2773 2701
e-mail: info@j-thielmann.de, Internet: www.j-thielmann.de
Plant and equipment for heat treat-
ment and other production
processes (excluding thermal
1270 joining, coating and
cutting)
II
2 Plant and equipment, including
automation, mechanization and industrial
robots for other production processes
(excluding thermal joining, coating,
cutting and heat treatment)
1330
▼cutting (e.g. plate shearing), slamping, nibbing 1710
Orbitalum Tools GmbH
Freibühlstraße 19, D-78224 Singen
 +49 7731 792-0, ¬ +49 7731 792-500
e-mail: tools@orbitalum.com
Internet: www.orbitalum.com
▼edge preparation
(e.g. plate and pipe chamfering machines) 1630
DWT GmbH
Zur Halbinsel 12, D-45356 Essen
 +49 201 45099-0, ¬ +49 201 45099-99
e-mail: info@dwt-gmbh.de, Internet: www.dwt-gmbh.de
Orbitalum Tools GmbH
Freibühlstraße 19, D-78224 Singen
 +49 7731 792-0, ¬ +49 7731 792-500
e-mail: tools@orbitalum.com
Internet: www.orbitalum.com
1320
▼sawing 1680
Orbitalum Tools GmbH
Freibühlstraße 19, D-78224 Singen
 +49 7731 792-0, ¬ +49 7731 792-500
e-mail: tools@orbitalum.com
Internet: www.orbitalum.com
WIDOS W. Dommer Söhne GmbH
Einsteinstrasse 5, D-71254 Ditzingen-Heimerdingen
 +49 7152 9939-0, ¬ +49 7152 9939-40
e-mail: info@widos.de, Internet: www.widos.de
45
The ABC of Joining — International Industry Guide
General productions equipment,
systems for computer aided
manufacture, data processing,
manual and automatic control
engineering, automation
III
▼CAD-, CAM-, CAQ-, CIM– and CAP systems 1900
Simufact engineering GmbH
Tempowerkring 3, 21079 D-Hamburg
 +40 790162-160, ¬ +40 790162-22
e-mail: volker.mensing@simufact.de,
Internet: www.simufact.de
▼capture, checking and processing of
process and production parameters 1910
EWM HIGHTEC WELDING GmbH
Dr.-Günter-Henle-Strasse 8, D-56271 Mündersbach
 +49 2680 181-0, ¬ +49 2680 181-244
e-mail: info@ewm.de, Internet: www.ewm.de
SKS Welding Systems GmbH
Marie-Curie-Straße 10, D-67661 Kaiserslautern
 +49 6301 7986-0, ¬ +49 6301 7986-119
e-Mail: info@de.sks-welding.com,
Internet: www.sks-welding.com
▼mass production, flexible production
facilities and welding lines 1970
aixcon PowerSystems GmbH
Steinfurt 26, D-52222 Stolberg
 +49 2402 12210, ¬ +49 2402 122122
e-mail: info@aixcon.de, Internet: www.aixcon.de
Javac - Deutschland GmbH
Industriestrasse 29/2, D-73340 Amstetten
 +49 7331 3058-0, ¬ +49 7331 981722
e-mail: info@javac-deutschland.de
Internet: www.javac-deutschland.de
PTR Präzisionstechnik GmbH
Am Spitzen Sand 1, D-63477 Maintal
 +49 6181 4094-0, ¬ +49 6181 4094-13
e-mail: zentrale@ptr-gmbh.de, Internet: www.ptr-gmbh.de
▼optics for laser welding and/or cutting 1941
OTC DAIHEN EUROPE GmbH
Krefelder Strasse 675-677, D-41066 Mönchengladbach
 +49 2161 6949760, ¬ +49 2161 6949761
e-mail: michael.loehr@otc-daihen.de
Internet: www.otc-daihen.de
▼programs (software) 1950
Simufact engineering GmbH
Tempowerkring 3, 21079 D-Hamburg
 +40 790162-160, ¬ +40 790162-22
e-mail: volker.mensing@simufact.de,
Internet: www.simufact.de
SKS Welding Systems GmbH
Marie-Curie-Straße 10, D-67661 Kaiserslautern
 +49 6301 7986-0, ¬ +49 6301 7986-119
e-Mail: info@de.sks-welding.com,
Internet: www.sks-welding.com
▼seam tracking and welding and/or cutting 1940
Javac - Deutschland GmbH
Industriestrasse 29/2, D-73340 Amstetten
 +49 7331 3058-0, ¬ +49 7331 981722
e-mail: info@javac-deutschland.de
Internet: www.javac-deutschland.de
46
Plant for production of
filler materials and consumables
IV
▼gas manufacturing and liquefying plants 2020
DWT GmbH
Zur Halbinsel 12, D-45356 Essen
 +49 201 45099-0, ¬ +49 201 45099-99
e-mail: info@dwt-gmbh.de, Internet: www.dwt-gmbh.de
▼welding electrode and flux cored wire
production plants 2050
Welding Alloys Deutschland GmbH
Ostring 52, D-47669 Wachtendonk
 +49 2836 91190, ¬ +49 2836 911918
e-mail: info.germany@welding-alloys.com
Internet: www.welding-alloys.com
Workshop and workplace
equipment, safety equipment,
health and safety
V TEKA Absaug- und Entsorgungstechnologie GmbH
1 Workshop and workplace equipment,
safety equipment
▼at-source welding fume extraction systems
(stationary, mobile) 2160
Dodek GmbH & Co. KG
Lanzstrasse 2, D-88410 Bad Wurzach
 +49 7564 94895-0, ¬ +49 7564 94895-9
e-mail: contact@dodek.de, Internet: www.dodek.de
Füchtenkötter GmbH
Von-Liebig-Strasse 26, D-33428 Marienfeld
 +49 5247 80048, ¬ +49 5247 80952
e-mail: info@fuechtenkoetter.de
Internet: www.fuechtenkoetter.de
KEMPER GmbH
Von-Siemens-Strasse 20, D-48691 Vreden
 +49 2564 68-0, ¬ +49 2564 68-120
e-mail: mail@kemper.de, Internet: www.kemper.de
Plymovent GmbH
Eduard-Rhein-Straße 6, D-53639 Königswinter
 +49 2244 878 52-0, ¬ +49 2244 878 52-30
e-mail: info@plymovent.de, www.plymovent.de
TEKA Absaug- und Entsorgungstechnologie GmbH
Industriestrasse 13, D-46342 Velen
 +49 2863 9282-0, ¬ +49 2863 9282-72
e-mail: info@teka.eu, Internet: www.teka.eu
▼exhaust and ventilation systems 2220
KEMPER GmbH
Von-Siemens-Strasse 20, D-48691 Vreden
 +49 2564 68-0, ¬ +49 2564 68-120
e-mail: mail@kemper.de, Internet: www.kemper.de
▼heat recovery systems 2120
Dodek GmbH & Co. KG
Lanzstrasse 2, D-88410 Bad Wurzach
 +49 7564 94895-0, ¬ +49 7564 94895-9
e-mail: contact@dodek.de, Internet: www.dodek.de
▼protective screens 2183
KEMPER GmbH
Von-Siemens-Strasse 20, D-48691 Vreden
 +49 2564 68-0, ¬ +49 2564 68-120
e-mail: mail@kemper.de, Internet: www.kemper.de
TEKA Absaug- und Entsorgungstechnologie GmbH
Industriestrasse 13, D-46342 Velen
 +49 2863 9282-0, ¬ +49 2863 9282-72
e-mail: info@teka.eu, Internet: www.teka.eu
▼protection equipment again high energy
radiation (e.g. X-rays, laser) 2210
Füchtenkötter GmbH
Von-Liebig-Strasse 26, D-33428 Marienfeld
 +49 5247 80048, ¬ +49 5247 80952
e-mail: info@fuechtenkoetter.de
Internet: www.fuechtenkoetter.de
▼slinging gear, cranes and elevators (crane
systems, lifting forks and beams, slewing
cranes, lifting magnets, electric chain hoists) 2100
DWT GmbH
Zur Halbinsel 12, D-45356 Essen
 +49 201 45099-0, ¬ +49 201 45099-99
e-mail: info@dwt-gmbh.de, Internet: www.dwt-gmbh.de
▼soldering fume filters 2150
KEMPER GmbH
Von-Siemens-Strasse 20, D-48691 Vreden
 +49 2564 68-0, ¬ +49 2564 68-120
e-mail: mail@kemper.de, Internet: www.kemper.de
Plymovent GmbH
Eduard-Rhein-Straße 6, D-53639 Königswinter
 +49 2244 878 52-0, ¬ +49 2244 878 52-30
e-mail: info@plymovent.de, www.plymovent.de
Industriestrasse 13, D-46342 Velen
 +49 2863 9282-0, ¬ +49 2863 9282-72
e-mail: info@teka.eu, Internet: www.teka.eu
▼sound absorbing materials
sound-proof chambers 2170
Dodek GmbH & Co. KG
Lanzstrasse 2, D-88410 Bad Wurzach
 +49 7564 94895-0, ¬ +49 7564 94895-9
e-mail: contact@dodek.de, Internet: www.dodek.de
Füchtenkötter GmbH
Von-Liebig-Strasse 26, D-33428 Marienfeld
 +49 5247 80048, ¬ +49 5247 80952
e-mail: info@fuechtenkoetter.de
Internet: www.fuechtenkoetter.de
▼weld fume filters and filtration systems 2190
Dodek GmbH & Co. KG
Lanzstrasse 2, D-88410 Bad Wurzach
 +49 7564 94895-0, ¬ +49 7564 94895-9
e-mail: contact@dodek.de, Internet: www.dodek.de
ESAB CUTTING SYSTEMS GmbH
Robert-Bosch-Strasse 20, D-61184 Karben
 +49 6039 40-0, ¬ +49 6039 40301
e-mail: info@esab-cutting.de
Internet: www.esab-cutting.de
Füchtenkötter GmbH
Von-Liebig-Strasse 26, D-33428 Marienfeld
 +49 5247 80048, ¬ +49 5247 80952
e-mail: info@fuechtenkoetter.de
Internet: www.fuechtenkoetter.de
KEMPER GmbH
Von-Siemens-Strasse 20, D-48691 Vreden
 +49 2564 68-0, ¬ +49 2564 68-120
e-mail: mail@kemper.de, Internet: www.kemper.de
Plymovent GmbH
Eduard-Rhein-Straße 6, D-53639 Königswinter
 +49 2244 878 52-0, ¬ +49 2244 878 52-30
e-mail: info@plymovent.de, www.plymovent.de
TEKA Absaug- und Entsorgungstechnologie GmbH
Industriestrasse 13, D-46342 Velen
 +49 2863 9282-0, ¬ +49 2863 9282-72
e-mail: info@teka.eu, Internet: www.teka.eu
▼welding booths 2181
Füchtenkötter GmbH
Von-Liebig-Strasse 26, D-33428 Marienfeld
 +49 5247 80048, ¬ +49 5247 80952
e-mail: info@fuechtenkoetter.de
Internet: www.fuechtenkoetter.de
ABC (2014) No. 3

KEMPER GmbH
Von-Siemens-Strasse 20, D-48691 Vreden
 +49 2564 68-0, ¬ +49 2564 68-120
e-mail: mail@kemper.de, Internet: www.kemper.de
TEKA Absaug- und Entsorgungstechnologie GmbH
Industriestrasse 13, D-46342 Velen
 +49 2863 9282-0, ¬ +49 2863 9282-72
e-mail: info@teka.eu, Internet: www.teka.eu
▼welding curtains
KEMPER GmbH
Von-Siemens-Strasse 20, D-48691 Vreden
 +49 2564 68-0, ¬ +49 2564 68-120
e-mail: mail@kemper.de, Internet: www.kemper.de
TEKA Absaug- und Entsorgungstechnologie GmbH
Industriestrasse 13, D-46342 Velen
 +49 2863 9282-0, ¬ +49 2863 9282-72
e-mail: info@teka.eu, Internet: www.teka.eu
▼work tables
(e.g. welding and cutting tables)
Demmeler Maschinenbau GmbH & Co. KG
Alpenstrasse 10, D-87751 Heimertingen
 +49 8335 9859-0, ¬ +49 8335 9859-27
e-Mail: info@demmeler.com, Internet: www.demmeler.com
Dodek GmbH & Co. KG
Lanzstrasse 2, D-88410 Bad Wurzach
 +49 7564 94895-0, ¬ +49 7564 94895-9
e-mail: contact@dodek.de, Internet: www.dodek.de
ESAB CUTTING SYSTEMS GmbH
Robert-Bosch-Strasse 20, D-61184 Karben
 +49 6039 40-0, ¬ +49 6039 40301
e-mail: info@esab-cutting.de
Internet: www.esab-cutting.de
Füchtenkötter GmbH
Von-Liebig-Strasse 26, D-33428 Marienfeld
 +49 5247 80048, ¬ +49 5247 80952
e-mail: info@fuechtenkoetter.de
Internet: www.fuechtenkoetter.de
KEMPER GmbH
Von-Siemens-Strasse 20, D-48691 Vreden
 +49 2564 68-0, ¬ +49 2564 68-120
e-mail: mail@kemper.de, Internet: www.kemper.de
Plymovent GmbH
Eduard-Rhein-Straße 6, D-53639 Königswinter
 +49 2244 878 52-0, ¬ +49 2244 878 52-30
e-mail: info@plymovent.de, www.plymovent.de
Bernd Siegmund GmbH
Ährenstrasse 29, D-86845 Großaitingen
 +49 8203 9607-0, ¬ +49 8203 9607-33
e-mail: info@siegmund-group.com
Internet: www.siegmund-group.com
TEKA Absaug- und Entsorgungstechnologie GmbH
Industriestrasse 13, D-46342 Velen
 +49 2863 9282-0, ¬ +49 2863 9282-72
e-mail: info@teka.eu, Internet: www.teka.eu
2 Health and safety
(personal protective equipment)
▼laser protection
TEKA Absaug- und Entsorgungstechnologie GmbH
Industriestrasse 13, D-46342 Velen
 +49 2863 9282-0, ¬ +49 2863 9282-72
e-mail: info@teka.eu, Internet: www.teka.eu
▼protective clothing (helmets, aprons,
garments, shoes, gloves)
Weldas Europe B.V.
Blankenweg 18, NL-4612 RC Bergen op Zoom
 +31 164 274650, ¬ +31 164 274655
e-mail: europe@weldas.com
Internet: www.weldas.com
▼welder‘s head screens and shields
protective, googles, eye protective filters
Javac - Deutschland GmbH
Industriestrasse 29/2, D-73340 Amstetten
 +49 7331 3058-0, ¬ +49 7331 981722
e-mail: info@javac-deutschland.de
Internet: www.javac-deutschland.de
ABC (2014) No. 3
The ABC of Joining — International Industry Guide
KEMPER GmbH
Von-Siemens-Strasse 20, D-48691 Vreden
 +49 2564 68-0, ¬ +49 2564 68-120
e-mail: mail@kemper.de, Internet: www.kemper.de
Mechafin AG
Chrummacherstrasse 3, CH-8954 Geroldswil
 +41 44 7493060, ¬ +41 44 7493070
e-mail: info@mechafin.ch, Internet: www.mechafin.com
SPERIAN Welding Protection AG
Industriestrasse 2, CH-9630 Wattwil
2182  +41 71 987420-0, ¬ +41 71 98742-99
Internet: www.sperianprotection.com
Accessoires
VI
2110
1 General accessories
▼assembly systems, assembling and
positioning devices (clamps, roller blocks,
line-up clamps)
Demmeler Maschinenbau GmbH & Co. KG
Alpenstrasse 10, D-87751 Heimertingen
 +49 8335 9859-0, ¬ +49 8335 9859-27
e-Mail: info@demmeler.com, Internet: www.demmeler.com
DWT GmbH
Zur Halbinsel 12, D-45356 Essen
 +49 201 45099-0, ¬ +49 201 45099-99
e-mail: info@dwt-gmbh.de, Internet: www.dwt-gmbh.de
REDROCK Deutschland GmbH
Wassenacher Straße 1a, D-56626 Andernach
 +49 2632 810498-0, ¬ +49 8632 9879110
e-mail: infode@redrockautomation.com,
Internet: www.redrockautomation.com
Bernd Siegmund GmbH
Ährenstrasse 29, D-86845 Großaitingen
 +49 8203 9607-0, ¬ +49 8203 9607-33
e-mail: info@siegmund-group.com
Internet: www.siegmund-group.com
▼clamping systems, clamping elements
Demmeler Maschinenbau GmbH & Co. KG
Alpenstrasse 10, D-87751 Heimertingen
 +49 8335 9859-0, ¬ +49 8335 9859-27
e-Mail: info@demmeler.com, Internet: www.demmeler.com
Bernd Siegmund GmbH
Ährenstrasse 29, D-86845 Großaitingen
 +49 8203 9607-0, ¬ +49 8203 9607-33
e-mail: info@siegmund-group.com
Internet: www.siegmund-group.com
▼drying cabinets (electrodes and fluxes),
2330 heated quivers, baking ovens 2680
CORODUR Verschleiss-Schutz GmbH
Wolfsburgstrasse 31 a, D-06502 Thale/Harz
 +49 3947 491-0, ¬ +49 3947 491-99
e-mail: corodur-thale@t-online.de
Internet: www.corodur-thale.de
DWT GmbH
Zur Halbinsel 12, D-45356 Essen
2340  +49 201 45099-0, ¬ +49 201 45099-99
e-mail: info@dwt-gmbh.de, Internet: www.dwt-gmbh.de
Loesche ThermoProzess GmbH
(formerly Küppersbuch Wärmetechnik)
Uechtingstraße 19, D-45881 Gelsenkirchen
 +49 209 361722-0, ¬ +49 0209 361722-180
e-mail: info@loesche-tp.de
Internet: www.loesche-tp.de
2350 ▼hoses, hose couplings, hose connections,
hose package
Mechafin AG
Chrummacherstrasse 3, CH-8954 Geroldswil
 +41 44 7493060, ¬ +41 44 7493070
e-mail: info@mechafin.ch, Internet: www.mechafin.com
Dipl.-Ing. K. Weinhold GmbH & Co. KG
Kreitzweg 8 + 43, D-41472 Neuss
 +49 2131 9813-0, ¬ +49 2131 85666
e-mail: ínfo@armaturen-weinhold.de
Internet: www.armaturen-weinhold.de
▼secondary cables for resistance welding 2660
P. Druseidt
Elektrotechnische Spezialfabrik GmbH & Co. KG
Neuenkamper Strasse 105, D-42855 Remscheid
 +49 2191 9352-0, ¬ +49 2191 9352-150
e-mail: info@druseidt.de, Internet: www.druseidt.de
▼tools for joint preparation 2695
DWT GmbH
Zur Halbinsel 12, D-45356 Essen
 +49 201 45099-0, ¬ +49 201 45099-99
e-mail: info@dwt-gmbh.de, Internet: www.dwt-gmbh.de
Orbitalum Tools GmbH
Freibühlstraße 19, D-78224 Singen
 +49 7731 792-0, ¬ +49 7731 792-500
e-mail: tools@orbitalum.com
Internet: www.orbitalum.com
▼turnables and tilt-turn positioners,
lift tables 2450
2570 Demmeler Maschinenbau GmbH & Co. KG
Alpenstrasse 10, D-87751 Heimertingen
 +49 8335 9859-0, ¬ +49 8335 9859-27
e-Mail: info@demmeler.com, Internet: www.demmeler.com
Javac - Deutschland GmbH
Industriestrasse 29/2, D-73340 Amstetten
 +49 7331 3058-0, ¬ +49 7331 981722
e-mail: info@javac-deutschland.de
Internet: www.javac-deutschland.de
MERKLE Schweißanlagen-Technik GmbH
Industriestrasse 3, D-89359 Kötz
 +49 8221 915-0, ¬ +49 8221 915-40
e-mail: info@merkle.de, Internet: www.merkle.de
REDROCK Deutschland GmbH
Wassenacher Straße 1a, D-56626 Andernach
 +49 2632 810498-0, ¬ +49 8632 9879110
e-mail: infode@redrockautomation.com,
Internet: www.redrockautomation.com
▼welding leads and connectors 2650
2670 P. Druseidt
Elektrotechnische Spezialfabrik GmbH & Co. KG
Neuenkamper Strasse 105, D-42855 Remscheid
 +49 2191 9352-0, ¬ +49 2191 9352-150
e-mail: info@druseidt.de, Internet: www.druseidt.de
▼wire feeders 2440
Mechafin AG
Chrummacherstrasse 3, CH-8954 Geroldswil
 +41 44 7493060, ¬ +41 44 7493070
e-mail: info@mechafin.ch, Internet: www.mechafin.com
SKS Welding Systems GmbH
Marie-Curie-Straße 10, D-67661 Kaiserslautern
 +49 6301 7986-0, ¬ +49 6301 7986-119
e-Mail: info@de.sks-welding.com,
Internet: www.sks-welding.com
Valk Welding B.V.
Staalindustrieweg 15, NL-2952 AT Alblasserdam
 +31 78 6917011, ¬ +31 78 6919515
e-mail: info@valkwelding.com
Internet: www.valkwelding.com
▼wire-guide spiral 2431
Mechafin AG
Chrummacherstrasse 3, CH-8954 Geroldswil
 +41 44 7493060, ¬ +41 44 7493070
e-mail: info@mechafin.ch, Internet: www.mechafin.com
Valk Welding B.V.
Staalindustrieweg 15, NL-2952 AT Alblasserdam
 +31 78 6917011, ¬ +31 78 6919515
2600 e-mail: info@valkwelding.com
Internet: www.valkwelding.com
47
The ABC of Joining — International Industry Guide
2 Gas supply accessories
▼central switching, pressure regalating and
safety units, gas mixing units and valves for
supply pipe work (switching, pressure
regulating and safety devices, valves, gas
filters, gas flow and pressure meters)
Praxair Industriegase GmbH & Co. KG
Hans-Böckler-Strasse 1, D-40476 Düsseldorf
 +49 211 2600-0, ¬ +49 211 2600-123
e-mail: contact_germany@praxair.com
Internet: www.praxair.de
▼equipment for gas take-off stations (stop
valves, pressure regulators, gas mixers,
safety devices, take-off-boards
Praxair Industriegase GmbH & Co. KG
Hans-Böckler-Strasse 1, D-40476 Düsseldorf
 +49 211 2600-0, ¬ +49 211 2600-123
e-mail: contact_germany@praxair.com
Internet: www.praxair.de
▼gas sources/tanks with pipework and
valves (storage tanks, tankers, containers,
cylinder racks and batteries, individual
cylinders)
Praxair Industriegase GmbH & Co. KG
Hans-Böckler-Strasse 1, D-40476 Düsseldorf
 +49 211 2600-0, ¬ +49 211 2600-123
e-mail: contact_germany@praxair.com
Internet: www.praxair.de
▼individual cylinders (pressure reducers and
anti-flashback and backflow devices)
Praxair Industriegase GmbH & Co. KG
Hans-Böckler-Strasse 1, D-40476 Düsseldorf
 +49 211 2600-0, ¬ +49 211 2600-123
e-mail: contact_germany@praxair.com
Internet: www.praxair.de
▼special equipment and general accessories
(automatic switching and pressure control
systems, gas analyzers, pipe identification
stikkers, clamps etc.)
Praxair Industriegase GmbH & Co. KG
Hans-Böckler-Strasse 1, D-40476 Düsseldorf
 +49 211 2600-0, ¬ +49 211 2600-123
e-mail: contact_germany@praxair.com
Internet: www.praxair.de
Filler materials
VII
1 Filler materials for welding and
thermal cutting
1.1 Fillers and materials for welding and
coating specific materials (classified by
material groups)
▼welding fillers for high alloy steels
Bavaria Schweißtechnik
Wiesenweg 23, D-85716 Unterschleißheim
 +49 89 3171035
e-mail: bavaria@subarcflux.com
Internet: www.subarcflux.com
voestalpine Böhler Welding Fontargen GmbH
Siemensstrasse 4, D-67304 Eisenberg
 +49 6351 401-0, ¬ +49 6351 401-2121
e-mail: info@fontargen.de, Internet: www.fontargen.de
48
Technolit GmbH
Industriestrasse 8, D-36137 Großenlüder
 +49 6648 69-0, ¬ +49 6648 69-569
e-mail: info@technolit.de, Internet: www.technolit.de
ThyssenKrupp VDM GmbH
Plettenbergerstrasse 2, D-58791 Werdohl
 +49 2392 550, ¬ +49 2392 552217
e-mail: info@tks-vdm.thyssenkrupp.com
2720 Internet: www.thyssenkruppvdm.com
Valk Welding B.V.
Staalindustrieweg 15, NL-2952 AT Alblasserdam
 +31 78 6917011, ¬ +31 78 6919515
e-mail: info@valkwelding.com
Internet: www.valkwelding.com
Welding Alloys Deutschland GmbH
Ostring 52, D-47669 Wachtendonk
 +49 2836 91190, ¬ +49 2836 911918
e-mail: info.germany@welding-alloys.com
Internet: www.welding-alloys.com
2730
▼welding fillers for alloy cast steels
Welding Alloys Deutschland GmbH
Ostring 52, D-47669 Wachtendonk
 +49 2836 91190, ¬ +49 2836 911918
e-mail: info.germany@welding-alloys.com
Internet: www.welding-alloys.com
▼welding fillers for non-ferrous metals
and alloys
2710
voestalpine Böhler Welding Fontargen GmbH
Siemensstrasse 4, D-67304 Eisenberg
 +49 6351 401-0, ¬ +49 6351 401-2121
e-mail: info@fontargen.de, Internet: www.fontargen.de
ThyssenKrupp VDM GmbH
Plettenbergerstrasse 2, D-58791 Werdohl
 +49 2392 550, ¬ +49 2392 552217
e-mail: info@tks-vdm.thyssenkrupp.com
2740 Internet: www.thyssenkruppvdm.com
Valk Welding B.V.
Staalindustrieweg 15, NL-2952 AT Alblasserdam
 +31 78 6917011, ¬ +31 78 6919515
e-mail: info@valkwelding.com
Internet: www.valkwelding.com
Welding Alloys Deutschland GmbH
Ostring 52, D-47669 Wachtendonk
 +49 2836 91190, ¬ +49 2836 911918
e-mail: info.germany@welding-alloys.com
Internet: www.welding-alloys.com
2750
▼welding fillers for plastics
Welding Alloys Deutschland GmbH
Ostring 52, D-47669 Wachtendonk
 +49 2836 91190, ¬ +49 2836 911918
e-mail: info.germany@welding-alloys.com
Internet: www.welding-alloys.com
▼welding fillers for unalloyed and low alloy
steels
Bavaria Schweißtechnik
Wiesenweg 23, D-85716 Unterschleißheim
 +49 89 3171035
e-mail: bavaria@subarcflux.com
Internet: www.subarcflux.com
Hermann Fliess & Co. GmbH
Essenberger Strasse 85-93, D-47059 Duisburg
 +49 203 3190821, ¬ +49 203 3190837
e-mail: c.treis@fliess.biz, Internet: www.fliess.biz
Hyundai Welding Co., Ltd.
Breite Strasse 17, D-57076 Siegen
 +49 271 7726628
e-mail: h.weber@jung-siegen.de
Internet: www.hyundaiwelding.de
Valk Welding B.V.
Staalindustrieweg 15, NL-2952 AT Alblasserdam
2800
 +31 78 6917011, ¬ +31 78 6919515
e-mail: info@valkwelding.com
Internet: www.valkwelding.com
Welding Alloys Deutschland GmbH
Ostring 52, D-47669 Wachtendonk
 +49 2836 91190, ¬ +49 2836 911918
e-mail: info.germany@welding-alloys.com
Internet: www.welding-alloys.com
▼welding fillers for unalloyed and low alloy
cast steels 2850
Welding Alloys Deutschland GmbH
Ostring 52, D-47669 Wachtendonk
 +49 2836 91190, ¬ +49 2836 911918
e-mail: info.germany@welding-alloys.com
Internet: www.welding-alloys.com
▼welding fillers for wear and corrosion
resisting deposits 2860
CORODUR Fülldraht GmbH
Gießerallee 37, D-47877 Willich
 +49 2154 8879-0, ¬ +49 2154 8879-79
e-mail: info@corodur.de, Internet: www.corodur.de
Durum Verschleiss-Schutz GmbH
Linsellesstrasse 125, D-47877 Willich
 +49 2154 48370, ¬ +49 2154 483778
e-mail: info@durum.de, Internet: www.durmat.com
2810 ThyssenKrupp VDM GmbH
Plettenbergerstrasse 2, D-58791 Werdohl
 +49 2392 550, ¬ +49 2392 552217
e-mail: info@tks-vdm.thyssenkrupp.com
Internet: www.thyssenkruppvdm.com
Valk Welding B.V.
Staalindustrieweg 15, NL-2952 AT Alblasserdam
 +31 78 6917011, ¬ +31 78 6919515
e-mail: info@valkwelding.com
Internet: www.valkwelding.com
2830 Welding Alloys Deutschland GmbH
Ostring 52, D-47669 Wachtendonk
 +49 2836 91190, ¬ +49 2836 911918
e-mail: info.germany@welding-alloys.com
Internet: www.welding-alloys.com
1.2 Fillers and materials for welding, cutting
and coating (classified by types)
▼covered electrodes (manual metal arc welding) 2990
Durum Verschleiss-Schutz GmbH
Linsellesstrasse 125, D-47877 Willich
 +49 2154 48370, ¬ +49 2154 483778
e-mail: info@durum.de, Internet: www.durmat.com
▼filler materials for laser welding 3000
Durum Verschleiss-Schutz GmbH
Linsellesstrasse 125, D-47877 Willich
2820
 +49 2154 48370, ¬ +49 2154 483778
e-mail: info@durum.de, Internet: www.durmat.com
GRILLLO-WERKE AG
Weseler Strasse 1, D-47169 Duisburg
 +49 203 5557248, ¬ +49 203 5557472
e-mail: d.schulik@grillo.de
Internet: www.grillo.de, kks-beton.de
▼flux cored wires and strips 2910
2840 CORODUR Fülldraht GmbH
Gießerallee 37, D-47877 Willich
 +49 2154 8879-0, ¬ +49 2154 8879-79
e-mail: info@corodur.de, Internet: www.corodur.de
CORODUR Verschleiss-Schutz GmbH
Wolfsburgstrasse 31 a, D-06502 Thale/Harz
 +49 3947 491-0, ¬ +49 3947 491-99
e-mail: corodur-thale@t-online.de
Internet: www.corodur-thale.de
Durum Verschleiss-Schutz GmbH
Linsellesstrasse 125, D-47877 Willich
 +49 2154 48370, ¬ +49 2154 483778
e-mail: info@durum.de, Internet: www.durmat.com
ITW Welding GmbH
Spechttal 1a, D-67317 Altleiningen
 +49 6356 966-0, ¬ +49 6356 966-114
e-mail: info@megafil.com.de,
www.itw-welding.com
Welding Alloys Deutschland GmbH
Ostring 52, D-47669 Wachtendonk
 +49 2836 91190, ¬ +49 2836 911918
e-mail: info.germany@welding-alloys.com
Internet: www.welding-alloys.com
ABC (2014) No. 3

▼gas welding rods
Hermann Fliess & Co. GmbH
Essenberger Strasse 85-93, D-47059 Duisburg
 +49 203 3190821, ¬ +49 203 3190837
e-mail: c.treis@fliess.biz, Internet: www.fliess.biz
▼TIG (GTA) welding electrodes
Hermann Fliess & Co. GmbH
Essenberger Strasse 85-93, D-47059 Duisburg
 +49 203 3190821, ¬ +49 203 3190837
e-mail: c.treis@fliess.biz, Internet: www.fliess.biz
ThyssenKrupp VDM GmbH
Plettenbergerstrasse 2, D-58791 Werdohl
 +49 2392 550, ¬ +49 2392 552217
e-mail: info@tks-vdm.thyssenkrupp.com
Internet: www.thyssenkruppvdm.com
Valk Welding B.V.
Staalindustrieweg 15, NL-2952 AT Alblasserdam
 +31 78 6917011, ¬ +31 78 6919515
e-mail: info@valkwelding.com
Internet: www.valkwelding.com
▼tubular stick electrodes
Durum Verschleiss-Schutz GmbH
Linsellesstrasse 125, D-47877 Willich
 +49 2154 48370, ¬ +49 2154 483778
e-mail: info@durum.de, Internet: www.durmat.com
▼welding fluxes
Bavaria Schweißtechnik
Wiesenweg 23, D-85716 Unterschleißheim
 +49 89 3171035
e-mail: bavaria@subarcflux.com
Internet: www.subarcflux.com
▼wire electrodes for gas metal-arc welding
CORODUR Fülldraht GmbH
Gießerallee 37, D-47877 Willich
 +49 2154 8879-0, ¬ +49 2154 8879-79
e-mail: info@corodur.de, Internet: www.corodur.de
Durum Verschleiss-Schutz GmbH
Linsellesstrasse 125, D-47877 Willich
 +49 2154 48370, ¬ +49 2154 483778
e-mail: info@durum.de, Internet: www.durmat.com
GRILLLO-WERKE AG
Weseler Strasse 1, D-47169 Duisburg
 +49 203 5557248, ¬ +49 203 5557472
e-mail: d.schulik@grillo.de
Internet: www.grillo.de, kks-beton.de
ITW Welding GmbH
Spechttal 1a, D-67317 Altleiningen
 +49 6356 966-0, ¬ +49 6356 966-114
e-mail: info@megafil.com.de,
www.itw-welding.com
Technolit GmbH
Industriestrasse 8, D-36137 Großenlüder
 +49 6648 69-0, ¬ +49 6648 69-569
e-mail: info@technolit.de, Internet: www.technolit.de
ThyssenKrupp VDM GmbH
Plettenbergerstrasse 2, D-58791 Werdohl
 +49 2392 550, ¬ +49 2392 552217
e-mail: info@tks-vdm.thyssenkrupp.com
Internet: www.thyssenkruppvdm.com
Valk Welding B.V.
Staalindustrieweg 15, NL-2952 AT Alblasserdam
 +31 78 6917011, ¬ +31 78 6919515
e-mail: info@valkwelding.com
Internet: www.valkwelding.com
▼wires, strips and plates for submerged
arc and electroslag welding
CORODUR Fülldraht GmbH
Gießerallee 37, D-47877 Willich
 +49 2154 8879-0, ¬ +49 2154 8879-79
e-mail: info@corodur.de, Internet: www.corodur.de
CORODUR Verschleiss-Schutz GmbH
Wolfsburgstrasse 31 a, D-06502 Thale/Harz
 +49 3947 491-0, ¬ +49 3947 491-99
e-mail: corodur-thale@t-online.de
Internet: www.corodur-thale.de
Durum Verschleiss-Schutz GmbH
Linsellesstrasse 125, D-47877 Willich
 +49 2154 48370, ¬ +49 2154 483778
e-mail: info@durum.de, Internet: www.durmat.com
ABC (2014) No. 3
The ABC of Joining — International Industry Guide
2940 ThyssenKrupp VDM GmbH
Plettenbergerstrasse 2, D-58791 Werdohl
 +49 2392 550, ¬ +49 2392 552217
e-mail: info@tks-vdm.thyssenkrupp.com
Internet: www.thyssenkruppvdm.com
2950 2 Filler materials for thermal spaying
2.1 Filler materials for thermal spaying
(classified by composition)
▼carbide powders
Durum Verschleiss-Schutz GmbH
Linsellesstrasse 125, D-47877 Willich
 +49 2154 48370, ¬ +49 2154 483778
e-mail: info@durum.de, Internet: www.durmat.com
▼metal powders and wires
CORODUR Verschleiss-Schutz GmbH
Wolfsburgstrasse 31 a, D-06502 Thale/Harz
2920  +49 3947 491-0, ¬ +49 3947 491-99
e-mail: corodur-thale@t-online.de
Internet: www.corodur-thale.de
Durum Verschleiss-Schutz GmbH
Linsellesstrasse 125, D-47877 Willich
 +49 2154 48370, ¬ +49 2154 483778
e-mail: info@durum.de, Internet: www.durmat.com
GRILLLO-WERKE AG
2930 Weseler Strasse 1, D-47169 Duisburg
 +49 203 5557248, ¬ +49 203 5557472
e-mail: d.schulik@grillo.de
Internet: www.grillo.de, kks-beton.de
Welding Alloys Deutschland GmbH
Ostring 52, D-47669 Wachtendonk
 +49 2836 91190, ¬ +49 2836 911918
e-mail: info.germany@welding-alloys.com
Internet: www.welding-alloys.com
2900
▼powder mixtures
Durum Verschleiss-Schutz GmbH
Linsellesstrasse 125, D-47877 Willich
 +49 2154 48370, ¬ +49 2154 483778
e-mail: info@durum.de, Internet: www.durmat.com
2.2 Filler materials for thermal spaying
(classified by process and type of
spray material)
▼filler materials for arc spraying (wires)
CORODUR Fülldraht GmbH
Gießerallee 37, D-47877 Willich
 +49 2154 8879-0, ¬ +49 2154 8879-79
e-mail: info@corodur.de, Internet: www.corodur.de
CORODUR Verschleiss-Schutz GmbH
Wolfsburgstrasse 31 a, D-06502 Thale/Harz
 +49 3947 491-0, ¬ +49 3947 491-99
e-mail: corodur-thale@t-online.de
Internet: www.corodur-thale.de
Durum Verschleiss-Schutz GmbH
Linsellesstrasse 125, D-47877 Willich
 +49 2154 48370, ¬ +49 2154 483778
e-mail: info@durum.de, Internet: www.durmat.com
GRILLLO-WERKE AG
Weseler Strasse 1, D-47169 Duisburg
 +49 203 5557248, ¬ +49 203 5557472
e-mail: d.schulik@grillo.de
Internet: www.grillo.de, kks-beton.de
▼filler materials for flame spraying
(wires, rods powders)
2880
CORODUR Verschleiss-Schutz GmbH
Wolfsburgstrasse 31 a, D-06502 Thale/Harz
 +49 3947 491-0, ¬ +49 3947 491-99
e-mail: corodur-thale@t-online.de
Internet: www.corodur-thale.de
Durum Verschleiss-Schutz GmbH
Linsellesstrasse 125, D-47877 Willich
 +49 2154 48370, ¬ +49 2154 483778
e-mail: info@durum.de, Internet: www.durmat.com
GRILLLO-WERKE AG
Weseler Strasse 1, D-47169 Duisburg
 +49 203 5557248, ¬ +49 203 5557472
e-mail: d.schulik@grillo.de
Internet: www.grillo.de, kks-beton.de
▼filler materials for molten metal spraying 3090
Durum Verschleiss-Schutz GmbH
Linsellesstrasse 125, D-47877 Willich
 +49 2154 48370, ¬ +49 2154 483778
e-mail: info@durum.de, Internet: www.durmat.com
▼filler materials for plasma spraying (powders) 3080
Durum Verschleiss-Schutz GmbH
Linsellesstrasse 125, D-47877 Willich
 +49 2154 48370, ¬ +49 2154 483778
3010 e-mail: info@durum.de, Internet: www.durmat.com
GRILLLO-WERKE AG
Weseler Strasse 1, D-47169 Duisburg
 +49 203 5557248, ¬ +49 203 5557472
e-mail: d.schulik@grillo.de
Internet: www.grillo.de, kks-beton.de
Womet GmbH
Gießerallee 1, D-47877 Willich
3030  +49 2154 894030, ¬ +49 2154 8940310
e-mail: info@womet.de, Internet: www.womet.de
3 Filler materials for brazing and soldering
3.1 Solders (classified by composition)
▼other solders 3130
voestalpine Böhler Welding Fontargen GmbH
Siemensstrasse 4, D-67304 Eisenberg
 +49 6351 401-0, ¬ +49 6351 401-2121
e-mail: info@fontargen.de, Internet: www.fontargen.de
GRILLLO-WERKE AG
Weseler Strasse 1, D-47169 Duisburg
 +49 203 5557248, ¬ +49 203 5557472
e-mail: d.schulik@grillo.de
Internet: www.grillo.de, kks-beton.de
PFARR Stanztechnik GmbH
3040 Am kleinen Sand 1, D-36419 Buttlar
 +49 36967 7470, ¬ +49 36967 74747
e-mail: info@pfarr.de, Internet: www.pfarr.de
Umicore AG & Co. KG
Rodenbacher Chaussee 4, D-63457 Hanau-Wolfgang
 +49 6181 59-02, ¬ +49 6181 59-3107
e-mail: info@brazetec.de, Internet: www.brazetec.de
3.2 Brazing fillers (classified by composition)
3070 ▼aluminium brazing fillers 3140
Umicore AG & Co. KG
Rodenbacher Chaussee 4, D-63457 Hanau-Wolfgang
 +49 6181 59-02, ¬ +49 6181 59-3107
e-mail: info@brazetec.de, Internet: www.brazetec.de
H. P. Wirth GmbH
Weberstrasse 46, D-75239 Eisingen
 +49 7232 80978-0, ¬ +49 7232 80978-15
e-Mail: info@hpwirth.com, Internet: www.hpwirth.com
▼gold containing brazing fillers 3150
Heimerle + Meule GmbH
Gold– und Silberscheideanstalt
Dennigstraße 16, D-75179 Pforzheim
 +49 7231 940-0, ¬ +49 7231 940-2199
e-Mail: info@heimerle-meule.com
Internet: www.heimerle-meule.com
Wieland Edelmetalle GmbH
Schwenninger Strasse 13, D-75179 Pforzheim
 +49 7231 1393-0, ¬ +49 7231 1393100
3060 e-mail: info@wieland-edelmetalle.de
Internet: www.wieland-edelmetalle.de
▼copper/brass brazing fillers 3160
voestalpine Böhler Welding Fontargen GmbH
Siemensstrasse 4, D-67304 Eisenberg
 +49 6351 401-0, ¬ +49 6351 401-2121
e-mail: info@fontargen.de, Internet: www.fontargen.de
INNOBRAZE GmbH für Löt– und Verschleisstechnik
Fritz-Müller-Strasse 97, D-73730 Esslingen
 +49 711 315476-0, ¬ +49 711 315476-29
e-mail: info@innobraze.de, Internet: www.innobraze.de
e-mail: info@brazetec.de, Internet: www.brazetec.de
49
The ABC of Joining — International Industry Guide
Heimerle + Meule GmbH
Gold– und Silberscheideanstalt
Dennigstraße 16, D-75179 Pforzheim
 +49 7231 940-0, ¬ +49 7231 940-2199
e-Mail: info@heimerle-meule.com
Internet: www.heimerle-meule.com
Wieland Edelmetalle GmbH
Schwenninger Strasse 13, D-75179 Pforzheim
 +49 7231 1393-0, ¬ +49 7231 1393100
e-mail: info@wieland-edelmetalle.de
Internet: www.wieland-edelmetalle.de
H. P. Wirth GmbH
Weberstrasse 46, D-75239 Eisingen
 +49 7232 80978-0, ¬ +49 7232 80978-15
e-Mail: info@hpwirth.com, Internet: www.hpwirth.com
▼nickel base brazing fillers 3170
voestalpine Böhler Welding Fontargen GmbH
Siemensstrasse 4, D-67304 Eisenberg
 +49 6351 401-0, ¬ +49 6351 401-2121
e-mail: info@fontargen.de, Internet: www.fontargen.de
INNOBRAZE GmbH für Löt– und Verschleisstechnik
Fritz-Müller-Strasse 97, D-73730 Esslingen
 +49 711 315476-0, ¬ +49 711 315476-29
e-mail: info@innobraze.de, Internet: www.innobraze.de
Umicore AG & Co. KG
Rodenbacher Chaussee 4, D-63457 Hanau-Wolfgang
 +49 6181 59-02, ¬ +49 6181 59-3107
e-mail: info@brazetec.de, Internet: www.brazetec.de
Womet GmbH
Gießerallee 1, D-47877 Willich
 +49 2154 894030, ¬ +49 2154 8940310
e-mail: info@womet.de, Internet: www.womet.de
▼other brazing fillers 3230
voestalpine Böhler Welding Fontargen GmbH
Siemensstrasse 4, D-67304 Eisenberg
 +49 6351 401-0, ¬ +49 6351 401-2121
e-mail: info@fontargen.de, Internet: www.fontargen.de
GRILLLO-WERKE AG
Weseler Strasse 1, D-47169 Duisburg
 +49 203 5557248, ¬ +49 203 5557472
e-mail: d.schulik@grillo.de
Internet: www.grillo.de, kks-beton.de
Umicore AG & Co. KG
Rodenbacher Chaussee 4, D-63457 Hanau-Wolfgang
 +49 6181 59-02, ¬ +49 6181 59-3107
e-mail: info@brazetec.de, Internet: www.brazetec.de
▼palladium containing brazing fillers 3180
Heimerle + Meule GmbH
Gold– und Silberscheideanstalt
Dennigstraße 16, D-75179 Pforzheim
 +49 7231 940-0, ¬ +49 7231 940-2199
e-Mail: info@heimerle-meule.com
Internet: www.heimerle-meule.com
PFARR Stanztechnik GmbH
Am kleinen Sand 1, D-36419 Buttlar
 +49 36967 7470, ¬ +49 36967 74747
e-mail: info@pfarr.de, Internet: www.pfarr.de
Wieland Edelmetalle GmbH
Schwenninger Strasse 13, D-75179 Pforzheim
 +49 7231 1393-0, ¬ +49 7231 1393100
e-mail: info@wieland-edelmetalle.de
Internet: www.wieland-edelmetalle.de
▼phosphorus containing brazing fillers 3190
voestalpine Böhler Welding Fontargen GmbH
Siemensstrasse 4, D-67304 Eisenberg
 +49 6351 401-0, ¬ +49 6351 401-2121
e-mail: info@fontargen.de, Internet: www.fontargen.de
INNOBRAZE GmbH für Löt– und Verschleisstechnik
Fritz-Müller-Strasse 97, D-73730 Esslingen
 +49 711 315476-0, ¬ +49 711 315476-29
e-mail: info@innobraze.de, Internet: www.innobraze.de
Umicore AG & Co. KG
Rodenbacher Chaussee 4, D-63457 Hanau-Wolfgang
 +49 6181 59-02, ¬ +49 6181 59-3107
e-mail: info@brazetec.de, Internet: www.brazetec.de
H. P. Wirth GmbH
Weberstrasse 46, D-75239 Eisingen
 +49 7232 80978-0, ¬ +49 7232 80978-15
e-Mail: info@hpwirth.com, Internet: www.hpwirth.com
50
▼silver brazing fillers 3210
voestalpine Böhler Welding Fontargen GmbH
Siemensstrasse 4, D-67304 Eisenberg
 +49 6351 401-0, ¬ +49 6351 401-2121
e-mail: info@fontargen.de, Internet: www.fontargen.de
Heimerle + Meule GmbH
Gold– und Silberscheideanstalt
Dennigstraße 16, D-75179 Pforzheim
 +49 7231 940-0, ¬ +49 7231 940-2199
e-Mail: info@heimerle-meule.com
Internet: www.heimerle-meule.com
PFARR Stanztechnik GmbH
Am kleinen Sand 1, D-36419 Buttlar
 +49 36967 7470, ¬ +49 36967 74747
e-mail: info@pfarr.de, Internet: www.pfarr.de
Umicore AG & Co. KG
Rodenbacher Chaussee 4, D-63457 Hanau-Wolfgang
 +49 6181 59-02, ¬ +49 6181 59-3107
e-mail: info@brazetec.de, Internet: www.brazetec.de
Wieland Edelmetalle GmbH
Schwenninger Strasse 13, D-75179 Pforzheim
 +49 7231 1393-0, ¬ +49 7231 1393100
e-mail: info@wieland-edelmetalle.de
Internet: www.wieland-edelmetalle.de
H. P. Wirth GmbH
Weberstrasse 46, D-75239 Eisingen
 +49 7232 80978-0, ¬ +49 7232 80978-15
e-Mail: info@hpwirth.com, Internet: www.hpwirth.com
3.3 Forms of solders and brazing fillers
▼brazing and soldering pastes 3280
voestalpine Böhler Welding Fontargen GmbH
Siemensstrasse 4, D-67304 Eisenberg
 +49 6351 401-0, ¬ +49 6351 401-2121
e-mail: info@fontargen.de, Internet: www.fontargen.de
INNOBRAZE GmbH für Löt– und Verschleisstechnik
Fritz-Müller-Strasse 97, D-73730 Esslingen
 +49 711 315476-0, ¬ +49 711 315476-29
e-mail: info@innobraze.de, Internet: www.innobraze.de
Umicore AG & Co. KG
Rodenbacher Chaussee 4, D-63457 Hanau-Wolfgang
 +49 6181 59-02, ¬ +49 6181 59-3107
e-mail: info@brazetec.de, Internet: www.brazetec.de
▼brazing and soldering powders 3300
voestalpine Böhler Welding Fontargen GmbH
Siemensstrasse 4, D-67304 Eisenberg
 +49 6351 401-0, ¬ +49 6351 401-2121
e-mail: info@fontargen.de, Internet: www.fontargen.de
GRILLLO-WERKE AG
Weseler Strasse 1, D-47169 Duisburg
 +49 203 5557248, ¬ +49 203 5557472
e-mail: d.schulik@grillo.de
Internet: www.grillo.de, kks-beton.de
INNOBRAZE GmbH für Löt– und Verschleisstechnik
Fritz-Müller-Strasse 97, D-73730 Esslingen
 +49 711 315476-0, ¬ +49 711 315476-29
e-mail: info@innobraze.de, Internet: www.innobraze.de
Wieland Edelmetalle GmbH
Schwenninger Strasse 13, D-75179 Pforzheim
 +49 7231 1393-0, ¬ +49 7231 1393100
e-mail: info@wieland-edelmetalle.de
Internet: www.wieland-edelmetalle.de
▼brazing and soldering wires,
rods and strips 3260
voestalpine Böhler Welding Fontargen GmbH
Siemensstrasse 4, D-67304 Eisenberg
 +49 6351 401-0, ¬ +49 6351 401-2121
e-mail: info@fontargen.de, Internet: www.fontargen.de
GRILLLO-WERKE AG
Weseler Strasse 1, D-47169 Duisburg
 +49 203 5557248, ¬ +49 203 5557472
e-mail: d.schulik@grillo.de
Internet: www.grillo.de, kks-beton.de
PFARR Stanztechnik GmbH
Am kleinen Sand 1, D-36419 Buttlar
 +49 36967 7470, ¬ +49 36967 74747
e-mail: info@pfarr.de, Internet: www.pfarr.de
Umicore AG & Co. KG
Rodenbacher Chaussee 4, D-63457 Hanau-Wolfgang
 +49 6181 59-02, ¬ +49 6181 59-3107
e-mail: info@brazetec.de, Internet: www.brazetec.de
Wieland Edelmetalle GmbH
Schwenninger Strasse 13, D-75179 Pforzheim
 +49 7231 1393-0, ¬ +49 7231 1393100
e-mail: info@wieland-edelmetalle.de
Internet: www.wieland-edelmetalle.de
H. P. Wirth GmbH
Weberstrasse 46, D-75239 Eisingen
 +49 7232 80978-0, ¬ +49 7232 80978-15
e-Mail: info@hpwirth.com, Internet: www.hpwirth.com
▼flux coated rods 3250
Umicore AG & Co. KG
Rodenbacher Chaussee 4, D-63457 Hanau-Wolfgang
 +49 6181 59-02, ¬ +49 6181 59-3107
e-mail: info@brazetec.de, Internet: www.brazetec.de
H. P. Wirth GmbH
Weberstrasse 46, D-75239 Eisingen
 +49 7232 80978-0, ¬ +49 7232 80978-15
e-Mail: info@hpwirth.com, Internet: www.hpwirth.com
▼preforms and foils 3270
voestalpine Böhler Welding Fontargen GmbH
Siemensstrasse 4, D-67304 Eisenberg
 +49 6351 401-0, ¬ +49 6351 401-2121
e-mail: info@fontargen.de, Internet: www.fontargen.de
INNOBRAZE GmbH für Löt– und Verschleisstechnik
Fritz-Müller-Strasse 97, D-73730 Esslingen
 +49 711 315476-0, ¬ +49 711 315476-29
e-mail: info@innobraze.de, Internet: www.innobraze.de
Heimerle + Meule GmbH
Gold– und Silberscheideanstalt
Dennigstraße 16, D-75179 Pforzheim
 +49 7231 940-0, ¬ +49 7231 940-2199
e-Mail: info@heimerle-meule.com
Internet: www.heimerle-meule.com
PFARR Stanztechnik GmbH
Am kleinen Sand 1, D-36419 Buttlar
 +49 36967 7470, ¬ +49 36967 74747
e-mail: info@pfarr.de, Internet: www.pfarr.de
Umicore AG & Co. KG
Rodenbacher Chaussee 4, D-63457 Hanau-Wolfgang
 +49 6181 59-02, ¬ +49 6181 59-3107
e-mail: info@brazetec.de, Internet: www.brazetec.de
Wieland Edelmetalle GmbH
Schwenninger Strasse 13, D-75179 Pforzheim
 +49 7231 1393-0, ¬ +49 7231 1393100
e-mail: info@wieland-edelmetalle.de
Internet: www.wieland-edelmetalle.de
H. P. Wirth GmbH
Weberstrasse 46, D-75239 Eisingen
 +49 7232 80978-0, ¬ +49 7232 80978-15
e-Mail: info@hpwirth.com; Internet: www.hpwirth.com
Consumables other than
filler materials
VIII
1 Gases
▼carbon dioxide 3460
Praxair Industriegase GmbH & Co. KG
Hans-Böckler-Strasse 1, D-40476 Düsseldorf
 +49 211 2600-0, ¬ +49 211 2600-123
e-mail: contact_germany@praxair.com
Internet: www.praxair.de
▼compressed air 3420
Praxair Industriegase GmbH & Co. KG
Hans-Böckler-Strasse 1, D-40476 Düsseldorf
 +49 211 2600-0, ¬ +49 211 2600-123
e-mail: contact_germany@praxair.com
Internet: www.praxair.de
Westfalen AG
Industrieweg 43, D-48155 Münster
 +49 251 695-0, ¬ +49 251 695-129
e-mail: info@westfalen-ag.de
Internet: www.westfalen-ag.de
ABC (2014) No. 3

▼doping and test gas
Praxair Industriegase GmbH & Co. KG
Hans-Böckler-Strasse 1, D-40476 Düsseldorf
 +49 211 2600-0, ¬ +49 211 2600-123
e-mail: contact_germany@praxair.com
Internet: www.praxair.de
Westfalen AG
Industrieweg 43, D-48155 Münster
 +49 251 695-0, ¬ +49 251 695-129
e-mail: info@westfalen-ag.de
Internet: www.westfalen-ag.de
▼fuel gases (acetylen, butane, natural gas,
methane)
Praxair Industriegase GmbH & Co. KG
Hans-Böckler-Strasse 1, D-40476 Düsseldorf
 +49 211 2600-0, ¬ +49 211 2600-123
e-mail: contact_germany@praxair.com
Internet: www.praxair.de
▼gas for laser welding and cutting processes
Westfalen AG
Industrieweg 43, D-48155 Münster
 +49 251 695-0, ¬ +49 251 695-129
e-mail: info@westfalen-ag.de
Internet: www.westfalen-ag.de
▼gas mixtures
Praxair Industriegase GmbH & Co. KG
Hans-Böckler-Strasse 1, D-40476 Düsseldorf
 +49 211 2600-0, ¬ +49 211 2600-123
e-mail: contact_germany@praxair.com
Internet: www.praxair.de
Westfalen AG
Industrieweg 43, D-48155 Münster
 +49 251 695-0, ¬ +49 251 695-129
e-mail: info@westfalen-ag.de
Internet: www.westfalen-ag.de
▼hydrogen
Praxair Industriegase GmbH & Co. KG
Hans-Böckler-Strasse 1, D-40476 Düsseldorf
 +49 211 2600-0, ¬ +49 211 2600-123
e-mail: contact_germany@praxair.com
Internet: www.praxair.de
Westfalen AG
Industrieweg 43, D-48155 Münster
 +49 251 695-0, ¬ +49 251 695-129
e-mail: info@westfalen-ag.de
Internet: www.westfalen-ag.de
▼hydrogen-nitrogen mixture
Praxair Industriegase GmbH & Co. KG
Hans-Böckler-Strasse 1, D-40476 Düsseldorf
 +49 211 2600-0, ¬ +49 211 2600-123
e-mail: contact_germany@praxair.com
Internet: www.praxair.de
▼inert gases (argon, neon, helium)
Praxair Industriegase GmbH & Co. KG
Hans-Böckler-Strasse 1, D-40476 Düsseldorf
 +49 211 2600-0, ¬ +49 211 2600-123
e-mail: contact_germany@praxair.com
Internet: www.praxair.de
Westfalen AG
Industrieweg 43, D-48155 Münster
 +49 251 695-0, ¬ +49 251 695-129
e-mail: info@westfalen-ag.de
Internet: www.westfalen-ag.de
▼lasing gas
Westfalen AG
Industrieweg 43, D-48155 Münster
 +49 251 695-0, ¬ +49 251 695-129
e-mail: info@westfalen-ag.de
Internet: www.westfalen-ag.de
ABC (2014) No. 3
The ABC of Joining — International Industry Guide
▼liquid gas
3410
Praxair Industriegase GmbH & Co. KG
Hans-Böckler-Strasse 1, D-40476 Düsseldorf
 +49 211 2600-0, ¬ +49 211 2600-123
e-mail: contact_germany@praxair.com
Internet: www.praxair.de
Westfalen AG
Industrieweg 43, D-48155 Münster
 +49 251 695-0, ¬ +49 251 695-129
e-mail: info@westfalen-ag.de
Internet: www.westfalen-ag.de
▼nitrogen
Praxair Industriegase GmbH & Co. KG
3400 Hans-Böckler-Strasse 1, D-40476 Düsseldorf
 +49 211 2600-0, ¬ +49 211 2600-123
e-mail: contact_germany@praxair.com
Internet: www.praxair.de
Westfalen AG
Industrieweg 43, D-48155 Münster
 +49 251 695-0, ¬ +49 251 695-129
e-mail: info@westfalen-ag.de
Internet: www.westfalen-ag.de
3462
▼oxygen
Praxair Industriegase GmbH & Co. KG
Hans-Böckler-Strasse 1, D-40476 Düsseldorf
 +49 211 2600-0, ¬ +49 211 2600-123
e-mail: contact_germany@praxair.com
Internet: www.praxair.de
Westfalen AG
3470 Industrieweg 43, D-48155 Münster
 +49 251 695-0, ¬ +49 251 695-129
e-mail: info@westfalen-ag.de
Internet: www.westfalen-ag.de
2 Other consumables
▼brazing and soldering fluxes
voestalpine Böhler Welding Fontargen GmbH
Siemensstrasse 4, D-67304 Eisenberg
 +49 6351 401-0, ¬ +49 6351 401-2121
3500 e-mail: info@fontargen.de, Internet: www.fontargen.de
Solvay Fluor GmbH
Hans-Böckler-Allee 20, D-30173 Hannover
 +49 511 8572035, ¬ +49 511 8573176
e-mail: werner.schmitt@solvay.com
Internet: www.solvay.de
Umicore AG & Co. KG
Rodenbacher Chaussee 4, D-63457 Hanau-Wolfgang
 +49 6181 59-02, ¬ +49 6181 59-3107
e-mail: info@brazetec.de, Internet: www.brazetec.de
Wieland Edelmetalle GmbH
Schwenninger Strasse 13, D-75179 Pforzheim
 +49 7231 1393-0, ¬ +49 7231 1393100
e-mail: info@wieland-edelmetalle.de
3440
Internet: www.wieland-edelmetalle.de
H. P. Wirth GmbH
Weberstrasse 46, D-75239 Eisingen
 +49 7232 80978-0, ¬ +49 7232 80978-15
e-Mail: info@hpwirth.com, Internet: www.hpwirth.com
▼pickling products: e.g. pickling pastes
3450 Chemetall GmbH
Branch Office Switzerland
Aarauerstrasse 51, CH-5200 Brugg
 +49 69 2729003, ¬ +49 69 2729004
e-mail: chemetall.@chemetall.com
Internet: www.chemetall.com
Deutsche Derustit GmbH Oberflächentechnik
Emil-von-Behring-Strasse 4, D-63128 Dietzenbach
 +49 6074 4903-0, ¬ +49 6074 4903-33
e-mail: info@derustit.de, Internet: www.derustit.de
Javac - Deutschland GmbH
Industriestrasse 29/2, D-73340 Amstetten
 +49 7331 3058-0, ¬ +49 7331 981722
3461 e-mail: info@javac-deutschland.de
Internet: www.javac-deutschland.de
▼solder masks and resists
INNOBRAZE GmbH für Löt– und Verschleisstechnik
Fritz-Müller-Strasse 97, D-73730 Esslingen
 +49 711 315476-0, ¬ +49 711 315476-29
e-mail: info@innobraze.de, Internet: www.innobraze.de
3430 Umicore AG & Co. KG
Rodenbacher Chaussee 4, D-63457 Hanau-Wolfgang
 +49 6181 59-02, ¬ +49 6181 59-3107
e-mail: info@brazetec.de, Internet: www.brazetec.de
Measurement and testing
technology
(equipment and/or services)
3490
IX
1 Devices for measurement and sensor
technology
▼calibration 3870
EWM HIGHTEC WELDING GmbH
Dr.-Günter-Henle-Strasse 8, D-56271 Mündersbach
3480
 +49 2680 181-0, ¬ +49 2680 181-244
e-mail: info@ewm.de, Internet: www.ewm.de
HKS-Prozesstechnik GmbH
Heinrich-Damerow-Strasse 2, D-06120 Halle
 +49 345 68309-0, ¬ +49 345 68309-49
e-mail: info@hks-prozesstechnik.de
Internet: www.hks-prozesstechnik.de
▼coat-thickness, wall-thickness and
crack-depth measurement 4060
KARL DEUTSCH
Prüf– und Messgerätebau GmbH + Co KG
Otto-Hausmann-Ring 101, D-42115 Wuppertal
P.O. Box 132354, D-42050 Wuppertal
 +49 202 7192-0, ¬ +49 202 714932
3570 e-mail: info@karldeutsch.de, Internet: www.karldeutsch.de
▼manual and miscellaneous measuring
devices for arc welding (current, voltage,
wire-feed-rate, gas-feed rate, welding
speed and energy per unit length) 3940
EWM HIGHTEC WELDING GmbH
Dr.-Günter-Henle-Strasse 8, D-56271 Mündersbach
 +49 2680 181-0, ¬ +49 2680 181-244
e-mail: info@ewm.de, Internet: www.ewm.de
HKS-Prozesstechnik GmbH
Heinrich-Damerow-Strasse 2, D-06120 Halle
 +49 345 68309-0, ¬ +49 345 68309-49
e-mail: info@hks-prozesstechnik.de
Internet: www.hks-prozesstechnik.de
MERKLE Schweißanlagen-Technik GmbH
Industriestrasse 3, D-89359 Kötz
 +49 8221 915-0, ¬ +49 8221 915-40
e-mail: info@merkle.de, Internet: www.merkle.de
Valk Welding B.V.
Staalindustrieweg 15, NL-2952 AT Alblasserdam
 +31 78 6917011, ¬ +31 78 6919515
e-mail: info@valkwelding.com
Internet: www.valkwelding.com
3520
▼measuring devices for resistance welding
(pulses, periods, current and voltage) and
Rogovski 3950
HKS-Prozesstechnik GmbH
Heinrich-Damerow-Strasse 2, D-06120 Halle
 +49 345 68309-0, ¬ +49 345 68309-49
e-mail: info@hks-prozesstechnik.de
Internet: www.hks-prozesstechnik.de
▼monitoring devices for arc welding 4100
HKS-Prozesstechnik GmbH
Heinrich-Damerow-Strasse 2, D-06120 Halle
 +49 345 68309-0, ¬ +49 345 68309-49
e-mail: info@hks-prozesstechnik.de
3630
Internet: www.hks-prozesstechnik.de
Valk Welding B.V.
Staalindustrieweg 15, NL-2952 AT Alblasserdam
 +31 78 6917011, ¬ +31 78 6919515
e-mail: info@valkwelding.com
Internet: www.valkwelding.com
51
The ABC of Joining — International Industry Guide
▼monitoring devices for resistance welding
Bosch Rexroth AG
Berliner Strasse 25, D-64711 Erbach
 +49 6062 78-231, ¬ +49 6062 78-728
e-mail: klaus.wittenbecher@boschrexroth.de
Internet: www.boschrexroth.com
HKS-Prozesstechnik GmbH
Heinrich-Damerow-Strasse 2, D-06120 Halle
 +49 345 68309-0, ¬ +49 345 68309-49
e-mail: info@hks-prozesstechnik.de
Internet: www.hks-prozesstechnik.de
▼thoughput and low-rate measurement
HKS-Prozesstechnik GmbH
Heinrich-Damerow-Strasse 2, D-06120 Halle
 +49 345 68309-0, ¬ +49 345 68309-49
e-mail: info@hks-prozesstechnik.de
Internet: www.hks-prozesstechnik.de
Quality assurance,
Construction, Consultancy
(services)
X Internet: www.hellinggmbh.de
4110 ▼miscellaneous non-destructive testing
procedures
Helling GmbH
Spökerdamm 2, D-25436 Heidgraben
 +49 4122 922-0, ¬ +49 4122 922-201
e-mail: info@hellinggmbh.de
Internet: www.hellinggmbh.de
▼radiographic testing
Helling GmbH
Spökerdamm 2, D-25436 Heidgraben
3820  +49 4122 922-0, ¬ +49 4122 922-201
e-mail: info@hellinggmbh.de
Internet: www.hellinggmbh.de
▼ultraviolet lamps
KARL DEUTSCH
Prüf– und Messgerätebau GmbH + Co KG
Otto-Hausmann-Ring 101, D-42115 Wuppertal
P.O. Box 132354, D-42050 Wuppertal
 +49 202 7192-0, ¬ +49 202 714932
e-mail: info@karldeutsch.de, Internet: www.karldeutsch.de
Helling GmbH
Spökerdamm 2, D-25436 Heidgraben
 +49 4122 922-0, ¬ +49 4122 922-201
e-mail: info@hellinggmbh.de
▼maintenance, servicing, repair of equipment 4490
4270
KEMPER GmbH
Von-Siemens-Strasse 20, D-48691 Vreden
 +49 2564 68-0, ¬ +49 2564 68-120
e-mail: mail@kemper.de, Internet: www.kemper.de
▼supervision od welding and fabrication ,
operations, on site and in-plant 4480
4180
Ingenieurbüro Jürgen Bialek
Halsbrücker Strasse 34, D-09599 Freiberg
 +49 3731 162529, ¬ +49 3731 162530
e-Mail: bialek@bialek-ing.de, Internet: www.bialek-ing.de
Sub-contracting (services)
4201
XI
1 Sub-contracting — processing of
specific materials

▼ultrasonic testing 4250 ▼cast steel 4940

Bosch Rexroth AG CORODUR Verschleiss-Schutz GmbH

2 Devices and processes for testing
technology
2.1 Non-destructive testing
▼dye-penetration testing
Berliner Strasse 25, D-64711 Erbach
 +49 6062 78-231, ¬ +49 6062 78-728
e-mail: klaus.wittenbecher@boschrexroth.de
Internet: www.boschrexroth.com
KARL DEUTSCH
Prüf– und Messgerätebau GmbH + Co KG
4190 Otto-Hausmann-Ring 101, D-42115 Wuppertal
Wolfsburgstrasse 31 a, D-06502 Thale/Harz
 +49 3947 491-0, ¬ +49 3947 491-99
e-mail: corodur-thale@t-online.de
Internet: www.corodur-thale.de
▼coated and plated materials 4620

KARL DEUTSCH P.O. Box 132354, D-42050 Wuppertal

Prüf– und Messgerätebau GmbH + Co KG
Otto-Hausmann-Ring 101, D-42115 Wuppertal
P.O. Box 132354, D-42050 Wuppertal
 +49 202 7192-0, ¬ +49 202 714932
e-mail: info@karldeutsch.de, Internet: www.karldeutsch.de
Helling GmbH
Spökerdamm 2, D-25436 Heidgraben
 +49 4122 922-0, ¬ +49 4122 922-201
e-mail: info@hellinggmbh.de
Internet: www.hellinggmbh.de
HELMUT KLUMPF, Techn. Chemie KG
Industriestrasse 15, D-45699 Herten
 +49 2366 1003-0, ¬ +49 2366 1003-11
e-mail: klumpf@diffu-therm.de
Internet: www.diffu-therm.de
▼leak testing 4170
Helling GmbH
Spökerdamm 2, D-25436 Heidgraben
 +49 4122 922-0, ¬ +49 4122 922-201
e-mail: info@hellinggmbh.de
Internet: www.hellinggmbh.de
▼magnetic testing 4220
KARL DEUTSCH
Prüf– und Messgerätebau GmbH + Co KG
Otto-Hausmann-Ring 101, D-42115 Wuppertal
P.O. Box 132354, D-42050 Wuppertal
 +49 202 7192-0, ¬ +49 202 714932
e-mail: info@karldeutsch.de, Internet: www.karldeutsch.de
Helling GmbH
Spökerdamm 2, D-25436 Heidgraben
 +49 4122 922-0, ¬ +49 4122 922-201
e-mail: info@hellinggmbh.de
Internet: www.hellinggmbh.de
HELMUT KLUMPF, Techn. Chemie KG
Industriestrasse 15, D-45699 Herten
 +49 2366 1003-0, ¬ +49 2366 1003-11
e-mail: klumpf@diffu-therm.de
Internet: www.diffu-therm.de
 +49 202 7192-0, ¬ +49 202 714932
e-mail: info@karldeutsch.de, Internet: www.karldeutsch.de
▼consultancy and planning of fabrication and
application of materials, energy and processes
Ingenieurbüro Jürgen Bialek
Halsbrücker Strasse 34, D-09599 Freiberg
 +49 3731 162529, ¬ +49 3731 162530
e-Mail: bialek@bialek-ing.de, Internet: www.bialek-ing.de
Schulze-Consulting:
Elektronenstrahl-Beratung für Anwender
In den Gräben 10, D-63543 Neuberg
 +49 173 6500645
e-mail: schulze-neuberg@t-online.de,
Internet: www.elektronenstrahl-beratung.de
Beratung Elektronenstrahl, Strahlschweissen, EB-
Technologien
▼design and analysis of welded structures
Ingenieurbüro Jürgen Bialek
Halsbrücker Strasse 34, D-09599 Freiberg
 +49 3731 162529, ¬ +49 3731 162530
e-Mail: bialek@bialek-ing.de, Internet: www.bialek-ing.de
▼determination and testing of products, joining
processes and fabrication operations 4410
Allianz Risk Consulting GmbH
Fritz-Schäffer-Strasse 9, D-81737 München
 +49 89 38003000
e-mail: stefan.thumm@allianz.com
Internet: www.allianz-azt.de
Ingenieurbüro Jürgen Bialek
Halsbrücker Strasse 34, D-09599 Freiberg
 +49 3731 162529, ¬ +49 3731 162530
e-Mail: bialek@bialek-ing.de, Internet: www.bialek-ing.de
▼failure investigation and analysis
CORODUR Verschleiss-Schutz GmbH
Wolfsburgstrasse 31 a, D-06502 Thale/Harz
 +49 3947 491-0, ¬ +49 3947 491-99
e-mail: corodur-thale@t-online.de
Internet: www.corodur-thale.de
Durum Verschleiss-Schutz GmbH
4430 Linsellesstrasse 125, D-47877 Willich
 +49 2154 48370, ¬ +49 2154 483778
e-mail: info@durum.de, Internet: www.durmat.com
Welding Alloys Deutschland GmbH
Ostring 52, D-47669 Wachtendonk
 +49 2836 91190, ¬ +49 2836 911918
e-mail: info.germany@welding-alloys.com
Internet: www.welding-alloys.com
▼high alloys steels 4760
CORODUR Verschleiss-Schutz GmbH
Wolfsburgstrasse 31 a, D-06502 Thale/Harz
 +49 3947 491-0, ¬ +49 3947 491-99
e-mail: corodur-thale@t-online.de
4450 Internet: www.corodur-thale.de
▼high temperature materials 4770
CORODUR Verschleiss-Schutz GmbH
Wolfsburgstrasse 31 a, D-06502 Thale/Harz
 +49 3947 491-0, ¬ +49 3947 491-99
e-mail: corodur-thale@t-online.de
Internet: www.corodur-thale.de
▼superalloys (hot isostatic pressure) 4950
Durum Verschleiss-Schutz GmbH
Linsellesstrasse 125, D-47877 Willich
 +49 2154 48370, ¬ +49 2154 483778
e-mail: info@durum.de, Internet: www.durmat.com
4470

Allianz Risk Consulting GmbH

Fritz-Schäffer-Strasse 9, D-81737 München
 +49 89 38003000
e-mail: stefan.thumm@allianz.com
Internet: www.allianz-azt.de

52 ABC (2014) No. 3


Organizations, education and
training, research, information
tranfer, technical literature and
regulations
XII
3 Sub-contracting — application of joining
and other manufacturing processes
▼electron, laser- and ion beam welding
Listemann AG
Werkstoff– und Wärmebehandlungstechnik
Sulzer Allee 25, CH-8404 Oberwinterthur
 +41 52 2625622
e-mail: b.roost@listemann.com
Internet: www.listemann.com
pro-beam AG & Co. KGaA
Behringstrasse 6, D-82152 Planegg
 +49 89 899233-0, ¬ +49 89 899233-11
e-mail: muenchen@pro-beam.com
Internet: www.pro-beam.com
PTR Präzisionstechnik GmbH
Am Spitzen Sand 1, D-63477 Maintal
 +49 6181 4094-0, ¬ +49 6181 4094-13
e-mail: zentrale@ptr-gmbh.de, Internet: www.ptr-gmbh.de
Steigerwald Strahltechnik GmbH
Emmy-Noether-Strasse 2, D-82216 Maisach
 +49 8141 3535-0, ¬ +49 8141 3535-215
e-mail: info@steigerwald-eb.de
Internet: steigerwald-eb.de
▼friction stir welding
RRS Schilling GmbH
Industriestrasse 30, D-21493 Schwarzenbek (Hamburg)
 +49 4151 8794571, ¬ +49 4151 8794573
e-Mail: buero@schweissen-aber-sicher.de
Internet: www.schweissen-aber-sicher.de
▼laser welding and/or cutting
pro-beam AG & Co. KGaA
Behringstrasse 6, D-82152 Planegg
 +49 89 899233-0, ¬ +49 89 899233-11
e-mail: muenchen@pro-beam.com
Internet: www.pro-beam.com
▼maintenance, servicing, repair
Welding Alloys Deutschland GmbH
Ostring 52, D-47669 Wachtendonk
 +49 2836 91190, ¬ +49 2836 911918
e-mail: info.germany@welding-alloys.com
Internet: www.welding-alloys.com
▼metal spraying
CORODUR Verschleiss-Schutz GmbH
Wolfsburgstrasse 31 a, D-06502 Thale/Harz
 +49 3947 491-0, ¬ +49 3947 491-99
e-mail: corodur-thale@t-online.de
Internet: www.corodur-thale.de
Durum Verschleiss-Schutz GmbH
Linsellesstrasse 125, D-47877 Willich
 +49 2154 48370, ¬ +49 2154 483778
e-mail: info@durum.de, Internet: www.durmat.com
▼resistance spot and/or projection
Bosch Rexroth AG
Berliner Strasse 25, D-64711 Erbach
 +49 6062 78-231, ¬ +49 6062 78-728
e-mail: klaus.wittenbecher@boschrexroth.de
Internet: www.boschrexroth.com
▼robot welding TIG/MIG/MAG
Robolution GmbH
Außerhalb 24, D-64331 Weiterstadt-Gräfenhausen
 +49 6150 5919830, ¬ +49 6150 5919888
e-mail: contact@robolution.de, Internet: www.robolution.de
ABC (2014) No. 3
The ABC of Joining — International Industry Guide
Valk Welding B.V.
Staalindustrieweg 15, NL-2952 AT Alblasserdam
 +31 78 6917011, ¬ +31 78 6919515
e-mail: info@valkwelding.com
Internet: www.valkwelding.com
▼surfacing 5310
CORODUR Fülldraht GmbH
Gießerallee 37, D-47877 Willich
 +49 2154 8879-0, ¬ +49 2154 8879-79
e-mail: info@corodur.de, Internet: www.corodur.de
CORODUR Verschleiss-Schutz GmbH
Wolfsburgstrasse 31 a, D-06502 Thale/Harz
 +49 3947 491-0, ¬ +49 3947 491-99
5370 e-mail: corodur-thale@t-online.de
Internet: www.corodur-thale.de
Durum Verschleiss-Schutz GmbH
Linsellesstrasse 125, D-47877 Willich
 +49 2154 48370, ¬ +49 2154 483778
e-mail: info@durum.de, Internet: www.durmat.com
Welding Alloys Deutschland GmbH
Ostring 52, D-47669 Wachtendonk
 +49 2836 91190, ¬ +49 2836 911918
e-mail: info.germany@welding-alloys.com
Internet: www.welding-alloys.com
▼acceptance, approval, examination and
supervisory organizations 5640
DVS-Kurststätten
Internet: www.DVS-Bildungseinrichtungen.de
GSI Gesellschaft für Schweißtechnik International mbH
Aachener Strasse 172, D-40223 Düsseldorf
with the branches
Bildungszentrum Rhein-Ruhr
Im Lipperfeld 29, D-46047 Oberhausen
 +49 208 85927-0, ¬ +49 208 85927-20
5531 Internet: www.slv-bz.de
SLV Berlin Brandenburg
Luxemburger Strasse 21, D-13353 Berlin
 +49 30 45001-0, ¬ +49 30 45001-111
Internet: www.slv-bb.de
SLV Duisburg
Bismarckstrasse 85, D-47057 Duisburg
 +49 203 3781-0, ¬ +49 203 3781-228
Internet: www.slv-duisburg.de
5450 SLV Fellbach
Stuttgarter Strasse 86, D-70736 Fellbach
 +49 711 57544-0, ¬ +49 711 57544-33
Internet: www.slv-fellbach.de
SLV Hannover
Am Lindener Hafen 1, D-30453 Hanover
 +49 511 21962-0, ¬ +49 511 21962-22
Internet: www.slv-hannover.de
SLV Mannheim GmbH
5620
Käthe-Kollwitz-Strasse 19, D-68169 Mannheim
 +49 621 3004-0, ¬ +49 621 3004-292
Internet: www.slv-mannheim.de
SLV München
Schachenmeierstrasse 37, D-80636 München
 +49 89 126802-0, ¬ +49 89 181643
Internet: www.slv-muenchen.de
SLV im Saarland
Heuduckstrasse 91, D-66117 Saarbrücken
5490
 +49 681 58823-0, ¬ +49 681 58823-22
Internet: www.slv-saar.de
SLV Halle GmbH
Köthener Strasse 33A, D-06118 Halle
 +49 345 5246-0, ¬ +49 345 5246-412
Internet: www.slv-halle.de
SLV Mecklenburg-Vorpommern GmbH
Alter Hafen Süd 4, D-18069 Rostock
 +49 381 8115010, ¬ +49 381 8115099
Internet: www.slv-rostock.de
SLV Nord GmbH
Zum Handwerkszentrum 1, D-21079 Hamburg
5510  +49 40 35905-400, ¬ +49 40 35905-430
Internet: www.slv-nord.de
4 Recycling
▼waste containing precious metal 5625
Heimerle + Meule GmbH
5521 Gold– und Silberscheideanstalt
Dennigstraße 16, D-75179 Pforzheim
 +49 7231 940-0, ¬ +49 7231 940-2199
e-Mail: info@heimerle-meule.com
Internet: www.heimerle-meule.com
▼accreditation and certification organizations 5630
DVS-Kurststätten
Internet: www.DVS-Bildungseinrichtungen.de
GSI Gesellschaft für Schweißtechnik International mbH
Aachener Strasse 172, D-40223 Düsseldorf
with the branches
Bildungszentrum Rhein-Ruhr
Im Lipperfeld 29, D-46047 Oberhausen
 +49 208 85927-0, ¬ +49 208 85927-20
Internet: www.slv-bz.de
SLV Berlin Brandenburg
Luxemburger Strasse 21, D-13353 Berlin
 +49 30 45001-0, ¬ +49 30 45001-111
Internet: www.slv-bb.de
SLV Duisburg
Bismarckstrasse 85, D-47057 Duisburg
 +49 203 3781-0, ¬ +49 203 3781-228
Internet: www.slv-duisburg.de
SLV Fellbach
Stuttgarter Strasse 86, D-70736 Fellbach
 +49 711 57544-0, ¬ +49 711 57544-33
Internet: www.slv-fellbach.de
SLV Hannover
Am Lindener Hafen 1, D-30453 Hanover
 +49 511 21962-0, ¬ +49 511 21962-22
Internet: www.slv-hannover.de
SLV Mannheim GmbH
Käthe-Kollwitz-Strasse 19, D-68169 Mannheim
 +49 621 3004-0, ¬ +49 621 3004-292
Internet: www.slv-mannheim.de
SLV München
Schachenmeierstrasse 37, D-80636 München
 +49 89 126802-0, ¬ +49 89 181643
Internet: www.slv-muenchen.de
SLV Nord GmbH
Zum Handwerkszentrum 1, D-21079 Hamburg
 +49 40 35905-400, ¬ +49 40 35905-430
Internet: www.slv-nord.de
SLV im Saarland
Heuduckstrasse 91, D-66117 Saarbrücken
 +49 681 58823-0, ¬ +49 681 58823-22
Internet: www.slv-saar.de
SLV Halle GmbH
Köthener Strasse 33A, D-06118 Halle
 +49 345 5246-0, ¬ +49 345 5246-412
Internet: www.slv-halle.de
SLV Mecklenburg-Vorpommern GmbH
Alter Hafen Süd 4, D-18069 Rostock
 +49 381 8115010, ¬ +49 381 8115099
Internet: www.slv-rostock.de
▼codes of practice, standardization, patents
(incl. Organizations) 5710
GSI Gesellschaft für Schweißtechnik International mbH
Aachener Strasse 172, D-40223 Düsseldorf
with the branches
Bildungszentrum Rhein-Ruhr
Im Lipperfeld 29, D-46047 Oberhausen
 +49 208 85927-0, ¬ +49 208 85927-20
Internet: www.slv-bz.de
SLV Berlin Brandenburg
Luxemburger Strasse 21, D-13353 Berlin
 +49 30 45001-0, ¬ +49 30 45001-111
Internet: www.slv-bb.de
SLV Duisburg
Bismarckstrasse 85, D-47057 Duisburg
 +49 203 3781-0, ¬ +49 203 3781-228
Internet: www.slv-duisburg.de
SLV Fellbach
Stuttgarter Strasse 86, D-70736 Fellbach
 +49 711 57544-0, ¬ +49 711 57544-33
Internet: www.slv-fellbach.de
SLV Hannover
Am Lindener Hafen 1, D-30453 Hanover
 +49 511 21962-0, ¬ +49 511 21962-22
Internet: www.slv-hannover.de
SLV Mannheim GmbH
Käthe-Kollwitz-Strasse 19, D-68169 Mannheim
 +49 621 3004-0, ¬ +49 621 3004-292
Internet: www.slv-mannheim.de
SLV München
Schachenmeierstrasse 37, D-80636 München
 +49 89 126802-0, ¬ +49 89 181643
Internet: www.slv-muenchen.de
SLV im Saarland
Heuduckstrasse 91, D-66117 Saarbrücken
 +49 681 58823-0, ¬ +49 681 58823-22
Internet: www.slv-saar.de
53
The ABC of Joining — International Industry Guide
SLV Halle GmbH
Köthener Strasse 33A, D-06118 Halle
 +49 345 5246-0, ¬ +49 345 5246-412
Internet: www.slv-halle.de
SLV Mecklenburg-Vorpommern GmbH
Alter Hafen Süd 4, D-18069 Rostock
 +49 381 8115010, ¬ +49 381 8115099
Internet: www.slv-rostock.de
▼leasing of welding manipulators 5740
REDROCK Deutschland GmbH
Wassenacher Straße 1a, D-56626 Andernach
 +49 2632 810498-0, ¬ +49 8632 9879110
e-mail: infode@redrockautomation.com,
Internet: www.redrockautomation.com

▼consultants, experts 5690

Allianz Risk Consulting GmbH

Fritz-Schäffer-Strasse 9, D-81737 München
 +49 89 38003000
e-mail: stefan.thumm@allianz.com
Internet: www.allianz-azt.de
GSI Gesellschaft für Schweißtechnik International mbH
Aachener Strasse 172, D-40223 Düsseldorf
with the branches
Bildungszentrum Rhein-Ruhr
Im Lipperfeld 29, D-46047 Oberhausen
 +49 208 85927-0, ¬ +49 208 85927-20
Internet: www.slv-bz.de
SLV Berlin Brandenburg
Luxemburger Strasse 21, D-13353 Berlin
 +49 30 45001-0, ¬ +49 30/ 5001-111
Internet: www.slv-bb.de
SLV Duisburg
Bismarckstrasse 85, D-47057 Duisburg
 +49 203 3781-0, ¬ +49 203 3781-228
Internet: www.slv-duisburg.de
SLV Fellbach
Stuttgarter Strasse 86, D-70736 Fellbach
 +49 711 57544-0, ¬ +49 711 57544-33
Internet: www.slv-fellbach.de
SLV Hannover
Am Lindener Hafen 1, D-30453 Hanover
 +49 511 21962-0, ¬ +49 511 21962-22
Internet: www.slv-hannover.de
SLV Mannheim GmbH
Käthe-Kollwitz-Strasse 19, D-68169 Mannheim
 +49 621 3004-0, ¬ +49 621 3004-292
Internet: www.slv-mannheim.de
SLV München
Schachenmeierstrasse 37, D-80636 München
 +49 89 126802-0, ¬ +49 89 181643
Internet: www.slv-muenchen.de
SLV im Saarland
Heuduckstrasse 91, D-66117 Saarbrücken
 +49 681 58823-0, ¬ +49 681 58823-22
Internet: www.slv-saar.de
SLV Halle GmbH
Köthener Strasse 33A, D-06118 Halle
 +49 345 5246-0, ¬ +49 345 5246-412
Internet: www.slv-halle.de
SLV Mecklenburg-Vorpommern GmbH
Alter Hafen Süd 4, D-18069 Rostock
 +49 381 8115010, ¬ +49 381 8115099
Internet: www.slv-rostock.de

Services

XIII

▼leasing of welding plant and

welding equipment 5730

EPA Schweisstechnik GmbH

Carl-von-Bach-Strasse 36, D-09116 Chemnitz
 +49 371 49512960, ¬ +49 371 49512980
e-mail: info@epa-schweisstechnik.de
Internet: www.epa-schweisstechnik.de
MSS Magdeburger Schweißtechnik GmbH
An der Sülze 6, D-39179 Barleben
 +49 39203 75193, ¬ +49 39203 751940
e-mail: info@mss-schweisstechnik.de
Internet: www.mss-schweisstechnik.de
REDROCK Deutschland GmbH
Wassenacher Straße 1a, D-56626 Andernach
 +49 2632 810498-0, ¬ +49 8632 9879110
e-mail: infode@redrockautomation.com,
Internet: www.redrockautomation.com

54 ABC (2014) No. 3

 Index to Companies

Company Product Company Product

aixcon PowerSystems GmbH ..................................................................................... 200, 250, 260, 390, Listemann AG ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5370
650, 1320, 1330, 1970 Loesche ThermoProzess GmbH ……………………………………………………………………………………..……… 2680
Allianz Risk Consulting GmbH ……………….……………………………………………..…….…..... 4410, 4470, 5690 Lorch Schweißtechnik GmbH ..................................................................................... 190, 200, 230, 250,
AS - ARNHOLD GmbH ................................................................................................................................ 20 390, 540, 970
AS Schöler + Bolte GmbH ………………………………………………………………………………...………………..……… 20
Mechafin AG ....................................................................................................... 230, 250, 330, 331, 390,
Bavaria Schweißtechnik ...................................................................................................... 100, 360, 460, 2350, 2431, 2440, 2600
2800, 2840, 2930 MERKLE Schweißanlagen-
Bergmann & Steffen GmbH .................................................................................. 30, 180, 230, 260, 380 Technik GmbH ............................................................................................................. 200, 260, 390, 540,
Bosch Rexroth AG ............................................................................................. 30, 290, 380, 4110, 5510 970, 2450, 3940
Hugo Miebach GmbH .................................................................................................... 10, 180, 230, 250,
Chemetall GmbH................................................................................................................................... 3520 260, 290, 380, 390
Carl Cloos MIG·O·MAT
Schweißtechnik GmbH ................................................................................................. 80, 180, 230, 260, Mikrofügetechnik GmbH......................................................................................................................... 260
331, 390, 970, 1320, MSS Magdeburger
Conntronic GmbH ............................................................................................... 30, 170, 230, 380, 1320 Schweißtechnik GmbH ......................................................................................................................... 5730
CORODUR Fülldraht GmbH ................................................................................. 100, 2860, 2880, 2900,
2910, 3070, 5310 OBO Befestigungselemente GmbH........................................................................................... 1270, 1280
CORODUR Optrel AG ............................................................................................................................................... 2350
Verschleiss-Schutz GmbH ................................................................................. 2860, 2880, 2910, 3030, Orbitalum Tools GmbH ............................................................................................. 200, 390, 450, 1330,
3060, 3070, 4620, 4760, 1630, 1680, 1710, 2695
4770, 4940, 5310, 5490 OTC DAIHEN EUROPE GmbH ………………………………..………………………………… 180, 190, 200, 230, 250,
CyTec Zylindertechnik GmbH …………………………………………………….………………………..………..……….... 281 390, 540, 970, 1941

DEMMELER Maschinenbau Panasonic Industrial Devices Sales Europe GmbH ……………………..……. 200, 230, 250, 331, 450, 540
GmbH & Co. KG …………………………………………………………………………..….……... 2110, 2450, 2570, 2670 PFARR Stanztechnik GmbH ………………………………..…………………...…... 3130, 3180, 3210, 3260, 3270
KARL DEUTSCH ....................................................................................... 4060, 4190, 4220, 4250, 4201 Plymovent GmbH ................................................................................................ 2110, 2150, 2160, 2190
Deutsche Derustit …………….……………………………………………………………………..………………………….… 3520 Praxair
Dodek GmbH & Co. KG ............................................................................... 850, 970, 1310, 1320, 2110, Industriegase GmbH & Co. KG.......................................................................... 2710, 2720, 2730, 2740,
2120, 2160, 2170, 2190 2750, 3400, 3410, 3420,
P. Druseidt Elektrotechnische 3430, 3440, 3450, 3460,
Spezialfabrik GmbH & Co. KG .................................................................................................. 2650, 2660 3470, 3480, 3490, 3500
Durum PTR
Verschleiss-Schutz GmbH .................................................................. 100, 180, 260, 2860, 2880,2900, Präzisionstechnik GmbH ......................................................................................... 60, 1320, 1970, 5370
2910, 2920, 2990, 3000, 3010, Pro-beam AG & Co. KGaA ………………………………………………..……………...…..……….. 60, 180, 5370, 5450
3030, 3040, 3060, 3070, 3080,
3090, 4620, 4950, 5310, 5490 REDROCK Deutschland GmbH………………………………………………………………….. 2450, 2570, 360, 5730,
DVS ............................................................................................................................................. 5630, 5640 5740
DWT GmbH .................................................................................................................... 1630, 2020, 2100, REHM GmbH u. Co. KG ................................................................................................................. 230, 390
2570, 2680, 2695 Carl Rinke GmbH & Co. KG ………………………………………………………………………………………….……………. 20
Robolution GmbH ................................................................................................................................. 5521
EPA Schweisstechnik GmbH …………………………………………………………………………...…………………… 5730 RRS Schilling GmbH ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5531
ESAB CUTTING SYSTEMS GmbH ............................................................................ 920, 970, 2110, 2190
EWM HIGHTEC WELDING GmbH ....................................................................... 100, 190, 200, 230, 260, Schulze-Consulting: Elektronenstrahl-Beratung für Anwender………………………………………………….. 4430
390, 450, 540, 1910, 3870, 3940 Simufact engineering GmbH……………………………………………………………………………………….... 1900,1950
Evobeam GmbH ……………………………………….………………………………………………………………………. 60, 180 Bernd Siegmund GmbH ................................................................................................. 2110, 2570, 2670
SKS Welding Systems GmbH ……………………………………………………………….……….... 190, 200, 230, 250,
Hermann Fliess & Co. GmbH ............................................................................................................... 2840 540, 1910, 1950, 2440
Fronius Deutschland GmbH ............................................................. 100, 190, 200, 221, 230, 250, 390 Solvay Fluor GmbH ............................................................................................................................... 3570
331, 450, 540, 1300, 1330 Heinz Soyer
Füchtenkötter GmbH ………………………………………………………………………………..……… 2110, 2160, 2170, Bolzenschweißtechnik GmbH........................................................................................................ 20, 1280
2181, 2190, 2210 Steigerwald Strahltechnik GmbH.......................................................................................... 60, 920, 5370

GRILLO-WERKE AG ................................................................................. 2900, 3000, 3030, 3060, 3070, Technolit GmbH ....................................................................................................... 230, 390, 2800, 2900
3080, 3130, 3230, 3260, 3300 TEKA GmbH ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2110, 2150, 2160, 2181,
GSI Gesellschaft 2182, 2183, 2190, 2330
für Schweißtechnik J. Thielmann GmbH .............................................................................................................................. 1300
International mbH .............................................................................................. 5630, 5640, 5690, 5710 ThyssenKrupp VDM GmbH ........................................................................................... 2800, 2830, 2860,
2880, 2900, 2950
HBS Bolzenschweiss-Systeme
GmbH & Co. KG ......................................................................................................................................... 20 Umicore AG & Co. KG …………………………………………………….... 3130, 3140, 3170, 3190, 3210, 3230,
Heimerle + Meule GmbH………………………………………………….……………………….. 3150,3160,3180,3210, 3250, 3260, 3270, 3280, 3570, 3630
3270, 5625
Helling GmbH ................................................................................................................ 4170, 4180, 4190, Valk Welding B.V. ………………………..………...……………………………. 200, 230, 390, 450, 850, 970, 2431,
4201, 4220, 4270 2440, 2800, 2830, 2840, 2860,
HKS-Prozesstechnik GmbH .......................................................................................... 3820, 3870, 3940, 2900, 2950, 3940, 4100, 5521
3950, 4100, 4110 voestalpoine Böhler Welding Fontargen GmbH………………………......... 2800, 2830, 3130, 3160, 3170,
Hyundai Welding Co., Ltd. ……………………...……………………………………………………………….... 2840, 2910 3190,3210, 3230, 3260, 3270,
3280, 3300, 3570
igm Robotersysteme AG ....................................................................................................... 230, 250, 331 Dipl.-Ing. K. Weinhold
Ingenieurbüro Jürgen Bialek ………………………………………………..…………………. 4410, 4430, 4450, 4480 GmbH & Co. KG .................................................................................................................................... 2600
INNOBRAZE GmbH ........................................................................................................ 3160, 3170, 3190, Welding Alloys Deutschland GmbH ......................................................................... 100, 450, 460, 2050,
3270, 3280, 3300, 3630 2800, 2810, 2820, 2830,
ITW Welding GmbH………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2900,2910 2840, 2850, 2860, 2910,
3030, 4620, 5310, 5620
JÄCKLE GmbH ..................................................................................................... 190, 200, 230, 390, 970 Weldas Europe B.V. .............................................................................................................................. 2340
Javac - Deutschland GmbH ………………………………………………..… 190, 200, 230, 360, 390, 460, 970, Westfalen AG .......................................................................................... 3410, 3420, 3430, 3450, 3461,
1940, 1970, 2350, 2450, 3520 3462, 3470,3480, 3490, 3500
Josch Strahlschweißtechnik GmbH …………………………………………………………………………………….....… 60 WIDOS
W. Dommer Söhne GmbH ............................................................................................. 1000, 1030, 1680
KEMPER GmbH ...................................................................................... 2110, 2150, 2160, 2181, 2182, H.P. Wirth GmbH ……………………………………………….……….…………………………. 3140, 3160, 3190, 3210,
2183, 2190, 2220, 2350, 4490 3250, 3260, 3270, 3570
HELMUT KLUMPF ...................................................................................................................... 4190, 4220 Womet GmbH ............................................................................................................................ 3080, 3170
Köster & Co. GmbH ........................................................................................................................ 20, 1280
Kohlhage Befestigungstechnik
GmbH & Co. KG …………………………………………………………………………………………...………………………. 1280
KUKA Systems GmbH ……………………………………………………………...………....... 180, 230, 260, 280, 290,
330, 331, 360, 380, 390,
410, 450, 530, 1130

Laserline GmbH .................................................................................................................... 180, 410, 530

ABC (2014) No. 3 55

 List of Products

I Plant and equipment for joining, 530 laser brazing and soldering 7 Plant and equipment, including automa-
surfacing and cutting processes 550 light beam brazing and soldering tion, mechanization and industrial robots,
570 microbrazing and soldering for adhesive bonding for metallic and non-
1 Plant and equipment, including automa- 660 reflow soldering metallic materials
tion, mechanization and industrial robots, 650 resistance brazing and soldering
for welding of metal, ceramic and com- 600 salt bath brazing and soldering 1067 adhesive applications
posite materials 471 strap brazing 1080 adhesive bonding of glass and ceramics
470 surfacing by brazing and soldering 1090 adhesive bonding of plastics
300 butt seam welding with rotary transformer 630 ultrasonic brazing and soldering 1100 adhesive bonding of leather and textiles
320 butt seam welding with sliding contacts 610 wave soldering 1110 adhesive bonding of metals
170 capacitor discharge welding 1066 bonding in construction and joining
150 cold pressure welding technology
4 Plant and equipment, including automa- 1068 combination of adhesive bonding with
40 diffusion welding
tion, mechanization and industrial robots, other joining
60 electron beam welding
for thermal spraying and other coating processes
50 electrogas welding
processes 1065 dosing devices
70 electroslag welding
160 enclosed resistance fusion welding 4.1 Thermal spraying processes 1070 inductive adhesive curing
310 explosive welding 1120 micro adhesive bonding
350 firecracker welding 700 arc spraying 1069 structural bonding
100 flux cored arc welding 690 capacitor discharge spraying
10 flash welding 670 flame and detonation spraying 8 Plant and equipment and joining ele
280 friction welding 680 induction spraying ments, including automation, mechaniza-
281 friction stir welding 720 molten metal spraying tion and industrial robots, for positive and
110 gas pressure welding 710 plasma spraying non-positive joining
120 gas welding
140 induction welding 4.2 Other coating methods 1130 flanging
180 laser welding 1160 hanging, expanding, clamping, wedging,
210 light beam welding 730 aluminizing extending
330 magnetically impelled arc butt (MIAB) 740 anodizing 1170 seaming
welding 750 CVD (chemical vapour deposition) 1210 joining by compression or squeezing
220 magnetic pulse welding 830 dip coating 1180 joining by extrusion or drawing
190 manual metal arc welding 760 electrolytic oxidation 1190 joining by forming
240 micro welding 770 enameling 1200 joining by lockforming (lockseaming)
230 MIG-/MAG (GMA) welding 790 flame cleaning and phosphatizing 1220 joining by widening or tightening (rolling in
221 multiple-wire welding 810 metallizing of tubes, botting, beading)
80 narrow gap welding 780 painting, varnishing 1230 joining by winding
250 plasma/TIG welding 800 plastic coating 1280 joining elements (rivets, tubular rivets, tap
260 plasma welding 820 PVD (physical vapour deposition) rivets, pop rivets, blind rivet nuts, bolts,
30 projection welding 840 tin, zinc, nickel, copper and chromium plating screws)
200 pulsed arc welding 1260 pressure joining (press-fitting, shrink-fitting,
270 resistance butt welding expansion-fitting)
380 resistance spot welding 5 Plant and equipment, including automa- 1250 riveting
370 roll butt seam welding tion, mechanization and industrial robots, 1270 screwing
290 seam welding for thermal cutting and erosion 1240 stapeling (using by wirestaples)
20 stud welding 930 air arc gouging 1150 tamp joining
360 submerged arc welding 940 arc-oxygen cutting 1140 wire netting, wire weaving
331 tandem welding 910 carbon arc cutting
130 thermit welding 850 oxy-fuel gas cutting 9 Plant and equipment, including automa-
390 TIG (GTA) welding 860 oxygen lancing tion, mechanization and industrial robots,
90 tubular wire welding 950 flame and fusion cutting with metal or for special applications
340 ultrasonic welding mineral powder
900 flame cleaning 1330 orbital welding equipment
2 Plant and equipment, including automa- 880 flame gouging 1320 production equipment and production lines
tion, mechanization and industrial robots, 870 flame scarfing 1350 repair welding
for weld surfacing and cladding 920 laser beam cutting and drilling, electron 1340 stack cutting
beam lancing 1310 systems for feeding, positioning, tipping or
400 electroslag surfacing 970 plasma cutting conveying (e.g. nut feeding systems)
440 explosive and roll cladding 960 plasma scarfing 1300 torch cleaning, automatic torch cleaning
430 friction surfacing 890 spark erosion and chemical machining systems
450 gas shielded arc surfacing 980 water jet cutting, 1360 underwater cutting
410 laser surfacing water abrasive jet cutting 1370 underwater welding
420 plasma surfacing 1380 welding, brazing, soldering and thermal
460 submerged arc surfacing cutting and surfacing in space
6 Plant and equipment, including automa-
tion, mechanization and industrial robots,
3 Plant and equipment, including automa- for welding of plastics
tion, mechanization and industrial robots, II Plant and equipment for heat tre-
for brazing and soldering 990 extrusion welding atment and other production proces-
1030 friction welding of plastics ses (excluding thermal
540 arc brazing 1000 heated tool welding
560 bath, wave and drag brazing and soldering 1010 high frequency welding of plastics joining, coating and cutting)
520 bit soldering, block brazing, roller tinning 1060 hot gas welding of plastics
490 debrazing, desoldering 1 Plant and equipment, including automa-
1020 light beam welding of plastics tion, mechanization and industrial robots,
620 dip brazing and soldering 1040 ultrasonic welding of plastics for heat treatment
480 electron beam brazing and soldering 1050 vibration welding of plastics
500 flame brazing and soldering 1400 diffusion annealing
590 friction brazing 1420 flame straightening
580 furnace brazing and soldering 1430 flame heating
510 high temperature brazing 1410 flame stress relieving
640 hot gas soldering 1470 furnace heating
511 induction soldering

56 ABC (2014) No. 3

 List of Products

1440 hardening, tempering, annealing V Workshop and workplace equip- 2610 hose press
1450 induction heating ment, safety equipment, health 2600 hoses, hose couplings, hose connections,
1460 normalizing hose package
1500 resistance heating and safety 2550 magnets for welding, magnetic handling
1490 soft annealing 1 Workshop and workplace equipment, equipment
1480 stress relief annealing safety equipment 2551 magnetic valves
2700 other accessories, pumps and other auxiliary
2 Plant and equipment, including automa- 2160 at-source welding fume extraction systems equipment
tion, mechanization and industrial robots, (stationary, mobile) 2571 plasma valves
for other production processes (excluding 2220 exhaust and ventilation systems 2460 pressure cylinders for pressure and
thermal joining, coating, cutting and heat 2120 heat recovery systems resistance welding
treatment) 2130 load turning devices 2480 resistance welding electrodes
2270 other protective and safety devices (e.g. 2581 robot holding bracket
1600 bending, pipe bending signs warning against possible hazzards, fire 2660 secondary cables for resistance welding
1720 blasting extinguishers, fire blankets) 2580 spot welding guns
1640 casting 2183 protective screens 2671 steels-wire brushes and hand brushes for
1670 cold dressing 2200 protection devices against fires and welds
1710 cutting (e.g. plate shearing), slamping, explosions 2490 TIG (GTA) welding electrodes
nibbling 2210 protection equipment again high energy 2691 tool changing systems
1610 drilling radiation (e.g. X-rays, laser) 2695 tools for joint preparation
1630 edge preparation (e.g. plate and pipe 2180 safety device for industrial robots (e.g. door 2420 torch and welding head manipulation
chamfering machines) locking systems, control boards, visual systems
1700 grinding supervision systems) 2411 torch-neck changing systems
1650 surface preparation and finishing 2100 slinging gear, cranes and elevators (crane 2450 turnables and tilt-turn positioners, lift tables
1660 polishing systems, lifting forks and beams, slewing 2552 water-, oil-, air chillers
1740 pumps cranes, lifting magnets, electric chain hoists) 2410 weld backings and adhesive tapes (for one
1601 rolling, upsetting, drawing 2150 soldering fume filters sided welding)
1680 sawing 2170 sound absorbing materials, sound-proof 2630 welding flux feeding and recovery devices
1690 sintering and hot isostatic pressing chambers 2650 welding leads and connectors
1620 turning, milling, planing 2211 stationary vacuum cleaners for industrial use 2640 welding mirrors
1730 vibratory stress relieving 2260 tools 2611 welding-sets, diesel or gasoline driven
1711 welding conditioning 2140 transparent/opaque screens 2440 wire feeders
2190 weld fume filters and filtration systems 2431 wire-guide spiral
2181 welding booths 2690 workpiece handling systems (lift and shift
2182 welding curtains systems, dial tables)
III General productions equipment, 2470 workpiece storage equipment (belts, pallets,
2230 work benches, workshop lockers
systems for computer aided 2240 workshop stools, aids to stability stores)
manufacture, data processing, 2250 workshop trolleys, cylinder trolleys
manual and automatic control 2110 work tables (e.g. welding and cutting tables) 2 Gas supply accessories
engineering, automation
2 Health and safety (personal protective 2720 central switching, pressure regulating and
1900 CAD-, CAM-, CAQ-, CIM– and CAP systems equipment) safety units, gas mixing units and valves for
1930 camera systems for monitoring design and supply pipe work (switching, pressure regu
production processes 2320 ear protection (wadding, ear plugs, ear lating and safety devices, valves, gas filters,
1910 capture, checking and processing of process muffs) gas flow and pressure meters)
and production parameters 2310 first aid equipment, medicines 2730 equipment for gas take-off stations (stop
1960 computers and other hardware (mini and 2330 laser protection valves, pressure regulators, gas mixers,
micro computers, PC‘s, main-frames, 2360 other protective equipment safety devices, take-off boards)
process computers, printers, plotters, 2340 protective clothing (helmets, aprons, 2710 gas sources/tanks with pipework and valves
processors, etc.) garments, shoes, gloves) (storage tanks, tankers, containers, cylinder
1980 control engineering (pressure switches, 2300 respiratory protection (filters-, insulating racks and batteries, individual cylinders)
solenoid and plasma valves, etc.) devices) 2740 individual cylinders (pressure reducers and
1920 industrial plant 2350 welder‘s head screens and shields, anti-flashback and backflow devices)
1970 mass production, flexible production facilities protective goggles, eye protective filters 2750 special equipment and general accessories
and welding lines (automatic switching and pressure control
1941 optics for laser welding and/or cutting systems, gas analyzers, pipe identification
1950 programs (software) stikkers, clamps etc.)
VI Accessories
1940 seam tracking and welding head guidance
systems 1 General accessories
VII Filler materials
2570 assembly systems, assembling and
IV Plant for production of filler positioning devices (clamps, roller blocks, 1 Filler materials for welding and themal
line-up clamps) cutting
materials and consumables (see also 2670)
2590 chipping hammers and wire brushes 1.1 Fillers and materials for welding and
2000 acetylene generators and filling stations coating specific materials (classified by
2670 clamping systems, clamping elements
2030 brazing filler and solder production plants material groups)
2540 clamps (terminals, earthing, workpiece) and
2010 conveying systems
polarity testers
2020 gas manufacturing and liquefying plants 2810 welding fillers for alloy cast steels
2430 controlled feeding devices (e.g. for adhesi
2050 welding electrode and flux cored wire 2800 welding fillers for high alloy steels
ves, solders and powders)
production plants 2830 welding fillers for non-ferrous metals and
2560 cooling systems
2060 welding flux production plants alloys
2680 drying cabinets (electrodes and fluxes),
2040 welding wire production plants 2870 welding fillers for other materials
heated quivers, baking ovens
2820 welding fillers for plastics
2500 electrode holders
2850 welding fillers for unalloyed and low alloy
2510 electrode grinding devices
cast steels
2400 equalizing systems (e.g. for spot welding
2840 welding fillers for unalloyed and low alloy
guns)
steels
2620 filler, wire spools
2860 welding fillers for wear and corrosion
2520 gas lighters
resisting deposits
2530 globoidal drive

ABC (2014) No. 3 57

 List of Products

1.2 Fillers and materials for welding, cutting 3370 adhesives for metals 3830 ferrite-content measuring devices
and coating (classified by types) 3360 adhesives for plastics 3900 force measuring systems
3320 all-purpose adhesives 3910 gauges and weld gauges
2990 covered electrodes (manual metal arc 3330 high-temperature adhesives 3860 holography
welding) 4120 hydrogen determination
3000 filler materials for laser welding 3940 manual and miscellaneous measuring
2910 flux cored wires and strips devices for arc welding (current, voltage,
2940 gas welding rods VIII Consumables other than
wire-feed rate, gas-feed rate, welding speed
2960 gouging and thermal cutting electrodes filler materials and energy per unit length)
2980 thermit welding materials 3930 mass, density, force, torque and pressure
2950 TIG (GTA) welding rods 1 Gases
measurement
2920 tubular stick electrodes 3990 measuring and monitoring devices for the
3460 carbon dioxide
2970 underwater welding and cutting electrodes electrode-penetration depth in resistance
3420 compressed air
2930 welding fluxes welding
3410 doping and test gas
2900 wire electrodes for gas metal-arc welding 3960 measuring devices for gases, fumes and
3400 fuel gases (acetylen, butane, natural gas,
2890 wires and strips for micro welding dusts
methane)
2880 wires, strips and plates for submerged arc 3970 measuring devicices for sound/noise
3462 gas for laser welding and cutting processes
and electroslag welding 3980 measuring devices for radiation
3470 gas mixtures
3500 hydrogen 3950 measuring devices for resistance welding
2 Filler material for thermal spraying 3440 hydrogen-nitrogen mixture (pulses, periods, current and voltage) and
3450 inert gases (argon, neon, helium) Rogovski belts
2.1 Filler materials for thermal spraying 3461 lasing gas 4000 metallography
(classified by composition) 3430 liquid gas 4010 microscopy
3490 nitrogen 4150 miscellaneous measurement
3010 carbide powders technology and measuring devices
3480 oxygen
3020 ceramic powders (metal oxides/nitrides) 4100 monitoring devices for arc welding
3030 metal powders and wires 4110 monitoring devices for resistance welding
3040 powder mixtures 2 Other consumables
4050 photoelasticity
3050 thermoplastics 3840 photography and cinematography
3760 abrasives
3660 anti-rust compounds 3920 power measurement
2.2 Filler materials for thermal spraying 3550 anti-spatter compounds 4130 resistance and insulation measurement
classified by process and type of spray 3750 anti-spatter sprays 4040 sensor technology
material) 3510 asbestos substitutes 4030 specimen-preparation installations
3580 auxiliary materials for thermit welding 4051 spectrometers
3070 filler materials for arc spraying (wires) 3850 speed and rotational-speed measurement
3570 brazing and soldering fluxes
3060 filler materials for flame spraying (wires, rods 4020 surface quality (cut-surface quality)
3530 calcium carbide
powders) 4080 temperature measurement (optical,
3610 ceramic powders
3090 filler materials for molten metal spraying electrical, chemical and mechanical)
3600 ceramic preforms
3080 filler materials for plasma spraying (powders) 4090 thermography
3720 chalk
3640 cleaning agents 3820 thoughput and flow-rate measurement
3 Filler materials for brazing and soldering 3761 cutting and snagging wheels 4140 time, event-number and frequency
3710 cutting powders for concrete, cast iron and measurement
3.1 Solders (classified by composition) other materials
3690 explosives 2 Decives and processes testing technology
3100 lead-in solders
3590 heat protection equipment for welding work
3130 other solders 2.1 Non-destructive testing
3541 impregnating compounds
3110 solders for aluminium
3540 leak-test-materials
3120 tin-lead solders with or without Cu, Ag, P 4160 betratron and linear accelerators
3700 lubricants
additions 4170 leak testing
3680 marking paints
3520 pickling products: e.g. pickling pastes 4180 radiographic testing
3.2 Brazing fillers (classified by composition) 3670 oxygen and powder lances 4190 dye-penetration testing
3560 paints and varnishes 4200 resources, automation and computer
3140 aluminium brazing fillers 3650 raw materials for electrode coatings assistance for non-destructive testing
3150 gold containing brazing fillers 3630 solder masks and resists 4201 ultraviolet lamps
3160 copper/brass brazing fillers 3620 solvents 4210 laser-beam testing
3170 nickel base brazing fillers 3740 weld cleaning 4220 magnetic testing
3230 other brazing fillers 3730 weld primers 4230 neutron-beam testing
3180 palladium containing brazing fillers 4240 acoustic-emission analysis
3190 phosphorus containing brazing fillers 4250 ultrasonic testing
3200 platinum containing brazing fillers 3 Primers and bonding agents for adhesive 4260 eddy-current testing
3210 silver brazing fillers technology 4270 other non-destructive testing processes
3220 special brazing fillers (cobalt, titanium,
3770 bonding agents
zirconium base) 2.1 Destructive testing
3780 primers

3.3 Forms of solders and brazing fillers 4280 dynamic fracture testing (Battelle, drop-
weight, double-torsion, explosion-bulge,
3280 brazing and soldering pastes IX Measurement and testing techno- Esso notched-bar bend impact, notched-bar
3300 brazing and soldering powders logy (equipment and/or services) tensileimpact, Niblink and Robertson tests)
3260 brazing and soldering wires, rods and strips 4290 hardness testing
3290 filler precoated plates 1 Decives for measurement and sensor 4300 resources, automation and computer
3250 flux coated rods technology assistance for destructive testing
3240 flux cored rods 4310 KIc-test and crack-opening displace-
3880 calculation systems ment (COD) test
3270 preforms and foils 3870 calibration
3310 stranded rods 4320 corrosion testing
3890 capacitance and inductance measurement 4330 weldability testing (cold-cracking and hot-
3800 chemical analysis cracking testing and others)
4 Adhesives 4060 coat-thickness, wall-thickness and crack- 4340 static fracture testing (longitudinal-weld
depth measurement bend, bursting, deep-notch, bend, notched-
3340 adhesives ceramic/ceramic 4070 current and voltage measurement
3350 adhesives ceramic/metal bar bend, notched-bar tensile and wide-plate
3810 elongation, path and angle measurement tests)

58 ABC (2014) No. 3

 List of Products

4350 universal testing facilities 5020 tin, zinc 4 Recycling

4360 creep rupture and fatigue-endurance 4970 titanium
strength testing and vibration-fatigue testing 4990 tool steels 5625 waste containing precious metal
installations 5010 tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum
4370 tensile, pressure, torsion and bend testing 4980 unalloyed steels
4380 miscellaneous and mechanical-technological 5000 weathering steels XII Organizations, education and
tests 5030 zirconium, vanadium, beryllium training, research, information
transfer, technical literature and
2 Sub-contracting—processing of specific regulations
X Quality assurance, construc- semi-finished products
tion, consultancy (services) 5640 acceptance, approval, examinaton and
5202 brass pipes supervisory organizations
4500 certification of welding personnel, quality 5160 castings 5630 accreditation and certification organizations
management systems and products 5230 circular blanks 5710 codes of practice, standardization, patents
4430 consultancy and planning of fabrication and 5201 copper pipes (incl. organizations)
application of materials, energy and 5280 extruded products 5690 consultants, experts
processes 5150 foils, thin strip 5650 education, continuing education and
4450 design and analysis of weldet structures 5260 forgings examination of specialist personnel
4410 determination and testing of products, joining 5250 hoses (metal) 5700 information services (literature and factual
processes and fabrication operations 5220 pipes and flanges database searches, expert systems,
4420 determination of weldability, spraybility, 5170 plastic films, strips, sheets certification, literature appraisal, state of the
solderbility, brazeability and/or cuttability 5180 plastic pipes, flanges and other plastic semi- art and trend analyses)
4440 factory qualification finished products 5680 joining researchand education
4470 failure investigation and analysis 5200 plastic products 5660 supervisory bodies, chambers of trade,
4490 maintenance, servicing, repair of equipment 5190 plastic tubes and sleeving employers associations
4460 quality management systems 5240 rails 5720 technical and scientific associations,
4480 supervision of welding and fabrication 5110 reinforcing bars and mesh industrial associations
operations, on site and in-plant 5210 sections (girders) 5670 technical publishers, libraries (literature,
5120 sheet, plate, checker plate, perforated plate codes of practice, educational films, soft
5270 sintered parts ware, CD-ROM and diskette services,
5140 springs audiovisual media)
XI Sub-contracting (services) 5100 strip and wide strip
1 Sub-contracting—processing of specific 5130 wires
materials XIII Services
3 Sub-contracting—application of joining and
4600 aluminium other manufacturing processes 5730 leasing of welding plant and welding
4830 brass Equipment
4790 carbon 5420 adhesive bonding of metals 5740 leasing of welding manipulators
4870 cardboard, paper 5410 adhesive bonding of plastics
4750 cast iron 5470 brazing and soldering 5625 waste containing precious metal
4940 cast steel 5370 electron, laser- and ion beam welding
4780 ceramics 5380 electroslag welding
4660 cermets 5580 firecracker, electrogas and/or submerged arc
4670 chromium welding
4620 coated and plated materials 5340 flame cleaning
4890 compression moulding compounds 5350 flame cutting blanks
(polymers) 5300 flash welding
4630 concrete 5531 friction stir welding
4640 concrete reinforcing bars 5520 friction welding
4800 copper 5390 gas pressure welding
4680 duplex-steels 5540 gas shielded arc welding
4700 elastomers 5400 gas welding
4710 fiber reinforced materials 5610 heat treating and/or quenching and
4720 fine grained structural steels tempering
4610 free machining steels 5450 laser welding and/or cutting
4740 glass 5550 magnetically impelled arc butt (MIAB)
4760 high alloy steels welding
4770 high temperature materials 5620 maintenance, servicing, repair
4810 laminates 5460 manual metal arc welding
4650 lead, bismuth, cobalt, cadmium 5480 metallizing, dip coating and anodizing
4820 leather 5490 metal spraying
4850 low alloy steels 5500 oxidized ceramic spraying
4821 magnesium 5320 pickling, sand blasting, polishing, deburring
5040 new materials (high strength, light weight and/or grinding
constructions and superhard materials, 5440 plastic spraying
nanomaterials, light and electricity conduc 5510 resistance spot and/or projection
ting materials, magnetic materials, implant 5521 robot welding TIG/MIG/MAG
materials, etc.) 5590 scrapping
4840 nickel 5530 seam welding
4860 niobium, manganese 5360 spark erosion
4900 pipe steels 5330 stud welding
4880 platinum, gold, silver 5310 surfacing
4910 rail steels 5560 thermal cutting
4730 refractory materials 5570 ultrasonic welding
4920 shipbuilding steels 5600 vibratory stress relieving
4930 sintered materials 5430 welding of plastics
4950 superalloys (hot isostatic pressure)
4690 termosets
4960 thermoplastics

ABC (2014) No. 3 59

 Information

Publication in:

SCHWEISSEN UND DER PRAKTIKER WELDING AND CUTTING

SCHNEIDEN circulation: 10,000 copies circulation: 10,000 copies
circulation: 6,000 copies frequency: in 6 of 12 issues frequency: 6 x annual
frequency: in 6 of 12 issues annual
annual language: German language: English

The advantages at a glance:

x Organised topically into 13 main groups with more than 500 relevant key words
x Complete listing of your company’s address (including e-mail– and Internet-address)
x Opportunity to develop new international contacts
x Complete listing of your entries in German and English language
x Entry in the Internet (www.abc-der-fuegetechnik.de) including your company logo and with a link
to your homepage
Send us your logo (jpg- or gif-file) to below mentioned e-mail-address

x Start of the entries is possible in each month (deadline: the 15th month in advance)

prices:

number of key-words costs per annum /per key-word

in EUR
1 145.00
2-5 128.00
6-10 113.00
from 11 100.00

contact person: Boris Hanisch

Fon: +49 211 1591-152
Fax: +49 211 1591-150
e-mail: boris.hanisch@dvs-hg.de

60 … ABC (2014) No. 3

 Order form

Order
DVS Media GmbH
c/o Boris Hanisch
Fon:+49 211/1591-152
Fax: +49 211/1591-150

Entry:

____________________________________________________________________________________
Company

____________________________________________________________________________________
Street Address

____________________________________________________________________________________
Postal Code, City

____________________________________________________________________________________
Phone: Fax:

____________________________________________________________________________________
e-mail: Internet:

Alphabetical classification under letter: (please mark with a cross)

A|B|C|D|E|F|G|H|I|J|K|L|M|N|O|P|Q|R|S|T|U|V|W|X|Y|Z

under the following key-words:

Code-No.: (you can find the list of products at the previous page)

1. ___________ 6. ___________ 11.___________ 16. __________ 21. __________ 26. __________

2. ___________ 7. ___________ 12.___________ 17. __________ 22. __________ 27. __________
3. ___________ 8. ___________ 13.___________ 18. __________ 23. __________ 28. __________
4. ___________ 9. ___________ 14.___________ 19. __________ 24. __________ 29. __________
5. ___________ 10. ___________ 15.___________ 20. __________ 25. __________ 30. __________

Contact person: ___________________________________________________________________

Sign: ___________________________________________________________________

Date: __________________ Signature: ____________________________________________

ABC (2014) No. 3

 DVS-TV goes international

www.dvs-tv.de/international
English-language news programme and more from
the world of welding, cutting and coating technology.

w w w. d v s - t v. d e

DVS TV
Web TV for welding, cutting and coating technology

DVS-TV GmbH | Aachener Str. 172 | 40223 Düsseldorf | Telefon: +49 (0)211 1591-220 | Fax: +49 (0)211 1591-150 | E-Mail: info@dvs-tv.de